A Hoard from the Migration Period from Karlino (North-Western Poland)
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Wiadomości Archeologiczne, t. LXII, 2011 ROZALIA TYBULEWICZ A HOARD FROM THE MIGRATION PERIOD FROM KARLINO (NORTH-WESTERN POLAND) SKARB Z OKRESU WĘDRÓWEK LUDÓW Z KARLINA, POW. BIAŁOGARDZKI Introduction iconographic and iconological content2. Their value for learning is even higher if the� �ear a runic inscription. The deposit from Karlino1 (Germ. Cörlin / Körlin, Kr. From the area of Europe, in particular from Scandinavia, Kol berg-Körlin), distr. Białogard, Western Pomerania the Baltic Sea islands (Bornholm, Gotland, Öland), and (Germ. Westpreussen) present zachodniopomorskie voi the British Isles, �e have at present over 1000 �racteate vodship (Fig. 1), ���������������as discovered ��by����������������� accident in the �inin ter of 1838/1839. It �as formed of gold o�jects, some of 2 N. L. W i c k e r 1994; 1998; M. A x � o e 2004; 2007. them of �ar�arian make, others having a Roman and B�z antine provenance (Fig. 2). The num�er of Migration Period hoard finds from Poland is quite small. In gen eral the� are an invalua�le source for in vestigating contacts of the people of the da�, �oth �ith the Roman Empire as �ell as �ith Northern and Western Germans from the area of presentda� Scandinavia. Pro�a�l� the most striking items pre sent in these hoards are gold Germanic �racteates. The� are of exceptional inter est o�ing to their provenance, origin of ra� material (gold), technique of execu tion, and ornamentation as �ell as their 1 Karlino is located on rivers Parsęta (Germ. Per- sante) and Rade� (Germ. Radüe). Fig. 1. Location of K a r l i n o, distr. Białogard, voiv. zachodniopomorskie R�c. 1. Położenie miejsco�ości K a r l i n o, po�. �iałogardzki, �oj. zachodniopomorskie CLASS OF ARTEFACT CERTAIN FINDS SUSPECT FINDS Nos. 3–5 and Germanic �racteates Nos. 1 and 2 7 (�ith a runic No. 6 – inscription) With a runic Without Gold rings – In coiled �ire inscription ornament Gold coiled �ire �ead 1 specimen – – – Gold �racelet fragment and Bracelet Pendant �ith three solidi – – gold pendant �ith solidi fragment of Theodosius II Theodosius II; Solidi – – Valentinian I, Valentinian III Leon I Fig. 2. The contents of the hoard from K a r l i n o R�c. 2. Zesta�ienie za�artości skar�u z K a r l i n a finds (Fig. 3)3. Out of this num�er, from Poland there The most important findings, �hich shed ne� light on are no more than 14 pieces, seven – from the deposit the su�ject of the hoard from Karlino, �ere made in discovered at Karlino (Fig. 4). Berlin (in the archive of the former Museum Vaterländ- Gold �racteate finds from the Migration Period are ischer Alterthümer7), in Copenhagen (in the li�rar� of the recorded on the presentda� territor� of Poland onl� in Nationalmuseet and private files of M. B. Macke prang), four hoards: from Karlino, Wapno, distr. Wągro�iec, and also in the Muzeum Narodo�e in Szczecin (in the Zagórz�n, distr. Piła, and Suchań, distr. Stargard Szcze archive of the numismatic department). ciński. All the deposits (except for Suchań) have upto date comprehensive anal�ses of their content, circum Sources and status of research stances of discover�, structure, analogies, provenance, runic inscriptions, and iconograph�4. The anal�sis of archival records and references related to The hoard from Karlino is the most valua�le �ut also the hoard from Karlino �as not an eas� project. This is the most enigmatic among these deposits, due to its mainl� �ecause �e have precious little �asic information circumstances of discover�, contents and later fortunes. a�out this find� ith no direct report a�out the discover� Ho�ever, to this da� it has not �een pu�lished in com from its finder and �ecause of much contradictor� data prehensive manner. The present contri�ution is intended found in later pu�lications. Over nearl� t�o centuries to rectif� this omission and put this exceptional find into individual researchers have not al�a�s had the opportu �ider circulation5. nit� to or felt the need to test the soundness of information In the discussion �elo� I report on the results of �hich had �een pu�lished by their predecessors. In ad a painstaking inquir� made in the period 2007–20086. dition, onl� a fe� of them accessed the data in the archi val records of present Museum für Vor und Frühgeschich 3 M. B. M a c k e p r a n g 1952; M. A x � o e 1982; I K 1 9 8 5 – 1 9 8 9. te in Berlin. This has contri�uted to the accumulation of 4 J. Ż a k 1950; M. K a r a 1994; A. B u r s c h e 1998; 2007; M. A x � o e much incorrect data a�out the findspot and circum 2007. The find from Suchań has not �een pu�lished �et. stances of discover� or o�jects included in the hoard. 5 The present paper �ased on m� M.A. thesis (2008, Institute of Ar chaeolog�, Universit� of Warsa�. Currentl� �ork is in progress on Archival records a monograph of the hoard from Karlino �hich �ill include data to �hich I had no access at the time of �riting the M.A. thesis. The earliest sources �hich afford relia�le data a�out the 6 I take this opportunit� to thank ever�one for support given during find are archival documents held at present by the Mu m� research. I am especiall� grateful to m� tutor, Prof. Aleksander seum für Vor und Frühgeschichte in Berlin. In them �e Bursche from the Inst�tut Archeologii, Uni�ers�tet Warsza�ski, find information �a out the o�jects from Karlino �hich Poul Otto Nielsen, Chairman of the Board of Kazimierz Sale�icz the former Museum Vaterländischer Alterthümer had Foundation and Senior Curator at the Nationalmuseet in Copenhagen, pur chased or received as a �equest. Unfortunatel�, the Dr. phil. Morten Ax�oe of the Nationalmuseet in Copenhagen; Heino Neuma�er, PhD and Horst Wieder, PhD from Archive of the Museum für Vor und Frühgeschichte in Berlin; Geno�efa Horoszko, M.A. from Kaczmarcz�k, M.A., and Martin Brandt Nielsen, M.A. the Muzeum Narodo�e in Szczecin. For given help �ith �orking on 7 In 1931 the Museum Vaterländischer Alterthümer �as reorganised as archival, German texts, I �ould like to thank to Renata Ciołek, PhD, the present da� the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin – Preußischer Kul Prof. Hans Heinrich, Prof. Z�gmunt Szultka, Hu�ert Hage, M.A., Zofia tur�esitz, Museum für Vor und Frühgeschichte (MVF). 144 Fig. 3. Finds of Germanic �racteates from Europe (status as of 2005). Acc. to M. Ax�oe (2007) R�c. 3. Znaleziska �rakteató� germańskich na terenie Europ� (stan z 2005 r.). Wg M. Ax�oe (2007) ke� reference on the circumstances of discover� of the 1839, one from 20 March 1867, and one from March hoard �as lost in unkno�n circumstances. Its author �as 19349. Almost all �ere signed by director Leopold von General major August Lud�ig von Lede�ur, comman Lede�ur. In sum, �e have eight documents from 1839 dant of Festung Kolberg (no� Koło�rzeg), �ho �rote to (�ith several addenda made in 1839 and 1934). his nephe�, Leopold von Lede�ur, director of Museum There are also t�o entries made in the inventor� �ooks Vater ländischer Alterthümer and director of Königliche and one list of o�jects to �e evacuated from the museum. Kunst kammer in Berlin8. In inventor� lists of the Berlin museum artefacts prove Fortunatel�, the archive in Berlin holds 14 later docu ments concerning Karlino. The earliest are �t o from 9 9 MVF archive, nos.: SMBPK/MVF, IXd 1, IA PrA, Bd. 2, E 104/39 August 1839, one from 13 August 1839, follo�ed by three (5 documents on 6 sheets), SMBPK/MVF, IXd 1, IA PrA, Bd. 2, E from 11, 16 and 19 Septem�er, three from 17 Decem�er 260/39 (4 documents on 4 sheets), SMBPK/ZA, KKM 25, 4015/67 (1 document on 1 sheet), SMBPK/MVF, IXd 1, II e, Bd. 27, E 417/34 8 E. H e r i n g 1840, p. 10–13 no. 10; 1841, p. 131–134 no. 10. (1 document on 2 sheets). 145 Fig. 4. Bracteates: no. 1 (MVF, II 2506), no. 2 (MVF, II 2507), no. 3 (MVF, II 5865), no. 4 (MVF, II 5866), no. 5 (MVF, II 5867), no. 6, no. 7 (MVF, II 5868). Courtes� of M. Ax�oe (1–5, 7) after IK 1985–1989, vol. 1/3, pl. 128, no. 100a (6) R�c. 4. Brakteat�: nr 1 (MVF, II 2506), nr 2 (MVF, II 2507), nr 3 (MVF, II 5865), nr 4 (MVF, II 5866), nr 5 (MVF, II 5867), nr 6, nr 7 (MVF, II 5868). Dzięki uprzejmości M. Ax�oe (1–5, 7), �g IK 1985–1989, vol. 1/3, pl. 128, nr 100a (6) nance to Karlino appear for the first time in 1840 and in 4:7)11. From a document dated 20 March 1867 made out 186710. In a protocol from 1867 �e find a reference to an by General Director der Königlichen Museen – Ignaz von artefact �ithout provenance (a �racteate �ith a runic Olfers – �e learn that the collection of the Berlin museum inscription) �hich �elonged to the same hoard (Fig. had received a posthumous �equest of Benoni Friedlän 10 MVF archive, no.