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Vegetation Auf Den Schalenablagerungen in Bohuslän, Schweden

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Vegetation Auf Den Schalenablagerungen in Bohuslän, Schweden ACfA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 56 EDIDIT SVENSKA VÄXTGEOGRAFISKA SÄLLSKAPET Vegetation · auf den Schalenablagerungen in Bohuslän, Schweden von H. Peter Hallberg Summary: Vegetation on Shell Deposits in Bohuslän, Sweden UPPSALA 1971 1 ALMQVIST & Wl�SELLS BOKTRYCKERI AB ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 56 Vegetation auf den Schalenablagerungen in Bohuslän, Schweden von H. Peter Hallberg Fil. lic., Göteborgs Nation Summary: Vegetation on Shell Deposits in Bohuslän, Sweden Akademische Abhandlung welche zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde mit Genehmigul!g der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Uppsala am 19. März 1971, 10 Uhr vormittags, im Hörsaal des Pflanzenbiologischen Instituts öffentlich verteidigt wird UPPSALA 1971 Druckkostenbeitrag aus Längmanska Kulturfonden <0 H. Peter Hallberg 1971 Gedruckt in Schweden Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB U ppsala 1971 VORWO RT Eines meiner grössten Interessen galt während meiner Bibliothekar A. Sjödin, bei dem ich meine ersten Schulzeit dem Sammeln und Pressen von Pflanzen. Erfahrungen in der Bibliotheksarbeit machte, was Diese Sammelleidenschaft führte mich frühzeitig mit mir später in anderem Zusammenhang zugutekam. zwei älteren Rotanisten zusammen, mit Doc. V. Gill­ Während meiner Reisen nach Bohuslän und ander­ ner und Lektor R. Ivarsson. Ich lernte beide während wärts traf ich mit vielen Menschen zusammen, die zahlreicher Exkursionen kennen - nicht zuletzt mit mir in manchem hilfreich beigestanden und mir dem Verein Natura an Hvitfeldtska läroverket in Gö­ jeweils ihre reichen Erfahrungen vermittelt haben. teborg während der vierziger Jahre -, die in Gillner Verschiedene Spezialisten haben bei der Bestim­ oft einen inspirierenden Leiter hatten. Da wir drei uns mung von schwer zu bestimmenden Pflanzen gehol­ später in unseren Forschungen an Växtbiologiska in­ fen oder meine Bestimmungen kontrolliert: bei Ta­ stitutionen mit der Vegetation Bohusläns befassten, er­ raxacum - Herr T. Borgvall, Fil. lic. C.-F. Lunde­ gaben sich naturgernäss reichlich Gelegenheiten zu ge­ vall und Dr. B. Saarsoo; bei anderen Gefässpflanzen genseitigem, stimulierendem Gedankenaustausch. Gill­ - Prof. N. Hylander; bei Moosen - die Dozenten ners und Ivarssons kritische Ratschläge und persön­ T. Koponen und E. Sjögren, Fil. dr Eisa Nyholm, liche Freundschaft während all der Jahre haben für Fil. dr H. Persson und Prof. Bengt Pettersson; bei meine Studien und meine Forschung viel bedeutet. Flechten - Doc. T. Ahti, Prof. G. Degelius und In­ Meine Forschungstätigkeit an Växtbiologiska insti­ tendent R. Santesson; bei Pilzen - Dr. F.-E. Eck­ tutionen wurde unter Prof. G. E. Du Rietz und Prof. blad. Die Bestimmungen der Kalkgehalte wurden von H. Sjörs betrieben. Prof. Du Rietz führte mich dabei Fil. dr K.-G. Eriksson durchgeführt. in seiner anregenden Art in die pflanzensoziologische Das Manuskript wurde kritisch von Prof. H. Sjörs Problematik ein. Beide Professoren haben durch ihre gelesen, und er hat mir dabei viele wertvolle Hin­ erfahrungsreiche Kritik, ihre Ratschläge und Hilfe weise gegeben. Redigierung und Illustrationen wurden während der verschiedenen Stadien meiner Arbeit auch von den Redakteuren der Serie, Fil. kand. G. und nicht zuletzt durch die grasszügig zugestandene Sjörs und Doc. M. Waern, durchgesehen. Die Über­ Benutzung der Hilfsmittel des Instituts in hohem setzung ins Deutsche besorgte Fil. mag. M. Grass, Grade das Zustandekommen meiner Abhandlung er­ die Übersetzung ins Englische Förste bibliotekarie leichtert. Von sehr grossem Wert war für mich auch Paul HaUberg. Die Reinschrift des Manuskripts und das persönliche Vertrauen, das Interesse und die U n­ der Tabellen wurde von Frau B. Andersson, M. terstützung, die sie mir und meiner Arbeit immer Ekdahl, E. RaHberg und I. Svantesson übernommen. entgegengebracht haben. Die Karten und Diagramme wurden von der Zeich­ Auf eine Empfehlung von Gillner und Ivarsson hin nerin Kerstin J ohansson ins reine übertragen. Prof. besuchte ich 1954 Prof. R. Tüxen, damals noch Vor­ I. Hessland erlaubte mir die Wiedergabe einer Figur stand der Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskartierung in aus seiner Doktorabhandlung. Botaniska föreningen Stolzenau. Prof. Tüxen ermöglichte mir auf jede i Göteborg genehmigte den Abdruck einiger Karten Weise, die "mitteleuropäische" Pflanzensoziologie an aus der 2. Aufl . von H. Fries, Göteborgs och Bohus­ seinem Institut zu studieren sowie die Vegetation in läns fanerogamer och ormbunkar. verschiedenen Teilen Deutschlands kennenzulernen. Allen hier genannten Personen sowie allen denen, Bei Diskussionen über meine pflanzensoziologischen die irgendwie zur Fertigstellung meiner Abhandlung Forschungsprobleme habe ich zudem immer wichtige beigetragen haben, möchte ich meinen herzlichsten Impulse und Kritik von ihm erhalten. Dank aussprechen. Ich möchte auch meinen Vorge­ Von vielen Seiten habe ich Impulse und Unterstüt­ setzten an der Universitätsbibliothek in U ppsala und zung bekommen. Von den ehemaligen und jetzigen an der Bibliothek von Linköpings högskola für den Kollegen an Växtbiologiska institutionen möchte ich jeweils zugestandenen Urlaub danken. hier in Dankbarkeit vor allem Prof. Bengt Pettersson Für meine Untersuchungen und für die Druckle­ erwähnen. Mein Dank gilt auch dem Personal am In­ gung meiner Abhandlung habe ich mit grosser Dank­ stitut und hier besonders Herrn E. Gummesson und barkeit finanzielle Unterstützung von Uppsala uni- Acta Phytogeogr Suec 56 4 Vegetation auf den Schalenablagerungen in Bohuslän versitet, Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitter­ Hilfe, für ihre Ermutigung und Geduld während der hetssamhälle (Albert Wallins Stipendiefond), Hvit­ langen Jahre danken. feldtska Stipendieinrättningen und Längmanska Kul­ Växtbiologiska institutionen, Uppsala, im Novem­ turfonden entgegengenommen. ber 1970 Schliesslich will ich meinen Angehörigen, vor al­ lem meiner Frau und meiner Mutter, für all ihre H. Peter Hallberg Acta Phytogeogr Suec 56 - INHALTSVERZ EICHNIS I. Einleitung . 7 Galio-Festucetum . 61 Floristische Struktur 62, Soziologischer Ver­ II. Zum Untersuchungsgebiet 10 gleich 62, Untereinheiten 63, Standort verhält­ Bodengestalt und Gestein 10 ni se 63, Soziologi ehe Struktur 63, Lebensfor­ men 64, Kontaktvegetation 64 Bodenarten . 11 Die Schalenablagerungen 13 Sedo-Torteileturn . 64 Klima 15 Standortsverhältnisse 65, Floristi ehe Struktur Temperatur 15, Niederschlag 15, Humidität 16, und Lebensformen 65, Soziologi ehe Struktur Lokalklima 16 66, Soziologi eher Vergleich 67, Untereinheiten 68, Pioniergesellschaften 68, Sukzes ion 69, 17 Einfluss de Menschen Kontaktge ellschaften 69, Verbreitung 69 Vegetation 18 Ditricho-Sedetum . 69 III. Flora . 20 Floristi ehe Struktur 69, Soziologi eher Ver­ Gefässpflanzen 25 gleich 70, Untereinheiten 70, Soziologi ehe 11oose 30 Stru ktur 70, Standortsverhältni se 70, Leben - Flechten 34 formen 71, Sukze ion 72 Pilze . 37 Arenaria serpyllifolia-Sedum acre- und So- lorina-Distichium-Gesell chaft . 72 IV. Schalenbodenvegetation Skandinaviens in Gesellschaftsaufbau und soziologischer Ver­ der Literatur 39 gleich 72, Verwandte Pionierge elLehaften 73, Gesell chaftsaufbau 73, Soziologi eher Ver­ V. Methodik und Termino 41 logie gleich 73 Vegetation 41 Gesellschaft einheilen 41, Indikatorarten 42, Fragario-Helictrotrichetum 7 3 Aufnahmemethodik 42, Ge ellschaftsnamen 43, Verbreitung 74, Floristi ehe Struktur 74, Sozio­ Gesell chaftstabellen 43, Ge eJl chafts ystem 43, logischer Vergleich 75, Untereinheiten 76, So­ Lebensformen 44 ziologi eh� Struktur 80, Standortsverhältnis e 80, Lebensformen 82, Sukzes ion 82 Boden 46 Korngrössenverteilung 47, Humu gehalt 47, Alchemillo-Festucetum . 82 Kalziumkarbonat und Kalzium 47, Kalium und Flori ti ehe Struktur und soziologischer Ver­ Pho phor, leicht- und schwerlö lieh 47, Reak­ gleich 83, Untereinheiten 85, Pioniergesell­ tionszahl 48, Spezifische Leitfähigkeit 48, Bo­ schaften 86, Soziologische Struktur 87, Stand­ dentypen 49, Humusformen 49 ortsverhältnis e 87, Lebensformen 88, Sukze - sion 88 VI. Pflanzengesellschaften 50 Strandgesellschaften . 51 Agrimonio-Geranietum 88 Cakiletum maritimae . 51 Floristische Struktur und soziologischer Ver­ gleich 89, Verbreitung 90, Untereinheiten 91, Gesellschaftsaufbau 51, Soziologischer Ver­ Soziologische Struktur 92, Standortsverhält­ gleich 52 nisse 92, Lebensformen 93, Sukzes ion 93, Potentillo-Elymetum 52 Kontaktgebüsch (Prunetum) 93 Gesellschaftsaufbau und soziologischer Ver­ Feuchtwiesengesellschaften . 94 gleich 52, Untereinheiten 53 Caricetum flaccae-hostianae 94 Trockenrasengesellschaften 54 Floristische Struktur und soziologischer Ver­ Galio-Tortuletum . 55 gleich 94, Selaginella-Rasse 96, Typische Rasse Verbreitung 55, Floristische Struktur 55, Sozio­ 98 logischer Vergleich 57, Untereinheiten 58, So­ ziologische Struktur 59, Standortsverhältnisse Zur Verbreitung der Trockenwiesen Fragario­ 59, Lebensformen 60, Sukzession 61 Helictrotrichetum und Alchemillo-Festucetum 99 Acta Phytogeogr Suec 56 VII. Die Vegetation einiger kartierter Schalen- SUMMARY, Vegetation on Shell Deposits in bänke 102 Bohuslän, Sweden . 120 127 St. Hermanö C . 103 I. Introduction 120, II. Area of investigation Strandwiesen 104, Trockenrasen 104, Feucht­ 120, III. Flora 120, IV. Vegetation on Scandi­ wiesen 104 navian shell deposits in tbe Iiterature 121, V. Metbods and terminology applied in the inves­ 130 Lavö Västergärden 105 tigation of vegetation and soil 121, VI. Plant Sedo-Tortelletum 105, Solorina-Distichium-Ge­ communities 122, VII. Vegetation on some sellschaft 109, Alchemillo-Festucetum
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