WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
WORLD WEATHER WATCH
GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM - SATELLITE SUB-SYSTEM
INFORMATION ON THE APPLICATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE DATA IN ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND RESEARCH
ABSTRACTS, ANNUAL SUMMARIES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Supplement No. 2 (Papers and Publications issued in 1977)
I WMO ·No. 475 I
Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization • Geneva • Switzerland
America America of of States States United United
Republics Republics Socialist Socialist Soviet Soviet of of Union Union
Ireland Ireland Northern Northern and and Britain Britain Great Great of of Kingdom Kingdom United United
Switzerland Switzerland
Poland Poland
Japan Japan
Israel Israel
India India
Hungary Hungary
of of Republic Republic Federal Federal Germany, Germany,
Republic Republic Democratic Democratic German German
Canada Canada
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Australia Australia
from from Contributions Contributions CONTENTS CONTENTS
AUSTRALIA 1
1. Title of the paper On the direction of mot~on Tropical Cyclone Tracy
2. Name of publication Bureau of Meteorology, Technical Report Series
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author F~A. Lajoie
5. Affiliation : Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
6. Abstract ~ According to the guidelines of Lajoie and Nicholls (1974) for forecasting the direction of mo·Gion of tropical cyclones from satellite cloud pictures, a cyclone will move within 12 hours of picture time, in a direction paral lel to a line joining the position of the vortex centre and that of the most developed cumulonimbus cluster at or near the downstream end of the outer cloudba:nd. These guidelines imply that a time interval exists betvreen the formation of the outer cloudband and the moment the cyclone changes its direction of motion. There has always been some doubt about the veracity of this particular aspect of the guidelines beeause of the possibility that the best-determined positions of cyclone centres, and hence of the cyclone tracks, used in the previous investigation were not sufficiently accurate in time and space. Recently, however, tropical cyclone Tracy, which twice changed its direction of motion whilst under radar surveillance, has provided an accurate cyclone track and other radar data which show that this cyclone did, in fact, change its direction of motion 12 to 14 hours after the time of formation of the relevant outer cloudband.
?. Source of availabilit;y_: The Director of Meteorology P.O. Box 1289K MELBOURNE, VIC. 3001 Australia
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
BULGARIA 1
1. Title of the paper The geometry of some mesoscale spiral cloud bands in the atmosphere
2. Name of publication Hidrologia i Meteorologia 1 1975, No: 6, ppo J-6
J, Language in which the paper is available Bulgarian
4. Authors V. Vitek!/, Vl. Sharovli
5· Affiliation l/ Institute of the Physics of the Atmosphere, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague g) Institu-te for Hydrology and Meteorology, Sofia
6. Abstract Recently, thanks to satellite observations, mesoscale cloud eddies, formed in the wake of islands, were identified. These eddies bear a strong resemblance to the classic Karm~n vortex street pattern, observed in laboratory investigations of a wake behind an obstacle. In the paper new modelling equations are derived with the aim to describe the geometry of a single mesoscale vortex. It is shown that the vertical velocity field generally consists of a circularly symmetric component and a non-circular spiral component.
7. Source of availability Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, 11 11 Blvd. Lenin No: 66 1 Sofia, Bulgaria
B. Cost, if any( to provide the material 2 BULGARIA
1. Title of the paper On the agreement of asynchronous meteorological data
2, Name of publication Proceedings of the Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: their contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, 8-10 June, 1976, Philadelphia, Penn., U.S.A., the 19th Meeting of COSPAR, pp, 392-396
3o Language in which the paper is available English
4, Author Vl. Sharov
5. Affiliation : Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology
6. Abstract : A method for assimilation of non-synchronous meteorological data obtained from conventional observations as well as from meteoro logical satellites has been proposed. The method is based on the spatial-temporary normalization of the forecast error field, consisting of two components: systematic and casual
7. Source of availability Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Blvd. 11 Lenin 11 66, Sofia, Bulgaria
8, Cost, if any. to provide the material .Free of charge
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Blvd. Blvd. Lenin 66, 66, Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgaria
11 11 11
7 7
Source Source of of availability availability 0 0 Institute Institute for for Hydrology Hydrology and and Meteorology, Meteorology,
the the case case of of cyclone cyclone system system over over the the area. area.
tial tial field field for for regions regions with with poor poor coverage coverage of of aerological aerological data data in in
6. 6. Abstract Abstract ; ; A A method method is is proposed proposed for for the the numerical numerical analysis analysis of of the the geopoten-
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : Institute Institute for for Hydrology Hydrology and and Meteorology, Meteorology, Sofia Sofia
Author Author 4, 4, Vl. Vl. Sharov Sharov
J, J, Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available Russian Russian
Gidrometcenter Gidrometcenter SSSR, SSSR, Leningrad, Leningrad, 1977, 1977, pp. pp. 72-75 72-75
1 1 Meteoro.logy, Meteoro.logy, Potsdam, Potsdam, GDR, GDR, 10-12 10-12 February February 1976
Name Name of of publication publication Papers Papers of of 2, 2, the the International International Symposium Symposium on on Satellite Satellite
of of meteorological meteorological stations stations
using using satellite satellite data data and and data data f'rom f'rom by by poor poor network network
Retrieving Retrieving Title Title of of the the geopotential geopotential the the paper paper L L field field in in a a cyclone cyclone area area o~ o~
J J BULGARIA BULGARIA
1 1 8, 8, Cost if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Blvd. Blvd. 'Lenin'' 'Lenin'' 66, 66, Sofia Sofia
1
7· 7·
Source Source of of availability availability Institute Institute for for Hydrology Hydrology and and Meteorology, Meteorology,
cyclones, cyclones, which which has has a a structure structure of of Archimedes Archimedes spiral. spiral.
obtained, obtained, concerning concerning the the cloud cloud system system of of the the Mediterranean Mediterranean
6. 6. Abstract Abstract The The average average distribution distribution of of the the vorticity vorticity field field on on 700mb 700mb is is
5o 5o Institute Institute for for Hydrology Hydrology Affiliation Affiliation and and Meteorology, Meteorology, Sofia Sofia
4. 4. Authors Authors Y. Y. Tomova Tomova and and Vl. Vl. Sharov Sharov
J, J,
Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available Russian Russian
Gidrometeocenter Gidrometeocenter SSSR, SSSR, Leningrad, Leningrad, 1977, 1977, pp. pp. 69-71 69-71
MeteorOlogy, MeteorOlogy, Potsdam, Potsdam, GDR, GDR, 10-12 10-12 February February 1976, 1976,
Papers Papers of of the the International International Symposium Symposium on on Satellite Satellite Name Name of of publication publication 2. 2.
Mediterranean Mediterranean
cloud cloud system system areas areas of of the the cyclones cyclones over over the the
On On the the distribution distribution of of the the vorticity vorticity field field in in the the Title Title of of the the paper paper l. l.
BULGARIA BULGARIA 4 4 CANADA 1
l. Title of the paper The use of GOES Satellite Imagery in Diagnosing Rapid Development of Pacific Coast Storms
2, Name of publication AES Technical Memoranda TEC 853 August 1977
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4, Author W.L. Ranahan
5o Affiliation ; Atmospheric Environment Service
6. Abstract : A case study of a particular storm on the Pacific Coast provides evidence of the value of Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) imagery in a meteorological analysis and pre diction programme for a data-sparse area. In particular, the GOES imagery proved invaluable in the case of rapid development which took place over one synoptic period, and which might have remained undetected until it was too late to provide effective weather warnings.
7· Source of availability Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, Canada MJH 5T4
8, Cost 1 if any 1 to provide the material Free of charge 2 CANADA
1. Title of the paper Geographical Annotation of Reduced Resolution Satellite Imagery
2. Name of publication AES Internal Report MSRB-77-5 October 1977
J. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Andrew E. Forber
5. Affiliation : Atmospheric Environment Service
6. Abstract : A basic problem encountered in the interpretation of Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) imagery from the Improved Tiros Operational Satellite (ITOS) series of meteorological satellites is accurate orientation of the imagery. TO address this problem, a method has been devised by which land outlines, political boundaries, and latitude-longitude reference marks may be inser ted into the computer-enhanced imagery as it is being produced"
7- Source of availability Atmospheric Environment Service (ARMA), 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, Canada MJH 5T4
s. Cost, if any, to provide the material Free of charge
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Canada Canada KlP KlP 5A5 5A5
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Ontario
60-75 60-75 Slater Slater Street, Street,
Sa.xe Sa.xe Building, Building,
7, 7, Source Source of of availability availability Canadian Canadian Aeronautics Aeronautics and and Space Space Institute, Institute,
operational operational and and research research and and development development purposes. purposes.
the the AES AES with with improved improved real-time real-time VHRR VHRR and and sounding sounding data data for for both both
taken taken in in 1963 1963 to to readout readout and and utilize utilize satellite satellite observations observations for for
The The station station was was acquired acquired as as part part of of an an ongoing ongoing programme programme under
States States NOAA NOAA series series of of polar polar orbiting orbiting meteorological meteorological satellites. satellites.
from from the the Very Very High High Resolution Resolution Radiometer Radiometer (VHRR) (VHRR) on on the the United United
Downsview, Downsview, Ontario. Ontario. The The data data for for the the HRPT HRPT services services are are obtained obtained
Atmospheric Atmospheric Environment Environment Service Service (AES) (AES) headquarters headquarters building building in in
which which is is operated operated the the Aerospace Aerospace by by Meteorology Meteorology Division Division at at
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : This This paper paper HRPT HRPT describes describes Ground Ground the the Station Station
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : Atmospheric Atmospheric Environment Environment Service, Service, Canada Canada
4, 4, Author Author R.J. R.J. Welsh Welsh
J, J, Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
J, J, Vol. Vol. No. No. December December l, l, 1977 1977
Name Name of of publication publication 2, 2, Canadian Canadian Journal Journal of of Remote Remote Sensing, Sensing,
1. 1. Title Title of of the the paper paper HRPT HRPT Ground Ground Station Station
J J CANADA CANADA
charge charge of of free free Reprint Reprint material material the the provide provide to to s. s. any. any. Cost, Cost, if if
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
42-44-46 42-44-46 Str, Str, Luckenwalder Luckenwalder
DDR DDR der der 7. 7. Dienst Dienst Meteorologischer Meteorologischer availability availability of of Source Source
term. term.
diffusion diffusion usual usual the the by by only only effected effected strongly strongly was was information information of of rate rate
assimilation assimilation The The model. model. of of type type the the on on depend depend strongly strongly characteristics characteristics
shock shock The The diffusion). diffusion). usual usual (Sadourny, (Sadourny, terms terms diffusion diffusion different different with with
and and differences differences finite finite B) B) scheme scheme .Arakawa .Arakawa (central, (central, space space and and baclcward) baclcward)
Euler Euler frog, frog, (Leap (Leap time time different different for for used used are are equations equations shallow-water shallow-water
The The investigated~ investigated~ is is types types model model the the on on field) field) wind wind the the of of rection rection
cor local local a a after after information information of of rate rate assimilation assimilation and and effects effects (shock (shock
assimilation assimilation of of dependence dependence the the models models forecasting forecasting of of types types some some For For : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German the the of of Service Service Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Oesberg Oesberg E. E. Author Author
German German 3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in LanBuage LanBuage
118 118 - 109 109 2, 2, (1977) (1977) 27 27 Berlin, Berlin, Meteorologie, Meteorologie, fUr fUr Zeitschrift Zeitschrift publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
correction correction field field local local after after behavior behavior shock shock and and assimilation assimilation
data data the the upon upon
model model prediction prediction the the of of paper paper influence influence the the The The of of Title Title l, l,
l l REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN
1 1 charge charge of of free free material material the the Reprint Reprint provide provide to to any if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
23 23 Chaussee Chaussee Michendorfer Michendorfer
Wetterdienststelle Wetterdienststelle Zentrale Zentrale
7- DDR DDR der der Dienst Dienst availability availability Meteorologischer Meteorologischer of of Source Source
manner. manner. significant significant a a in in analysis analysis the the influence influence effect effect second second and and first first
The The analysis. analysis. one-point one-point a a of of basis basis the the on on error error interpolation interpolation the the of of
estimations estimations a-priori a-priori by by completed completed is is experiment experiment data data real real Th.e Th.e studied. studied.
are are analysis analysis numerical numerical on on difference difference time time of of influence influence the the and and effect effect
correlation correlation error error the the error, error, satellite satellite greater greater the the of of effect effect the the data data
real real with with study study case case a a In In data. data. the the of of structure structure error error different different the the
account account into into taking taking combined combined are are data data sensing-geopotential sensing-geopotential remote remote and and
data data geopotential geopotential aerological aerological interpolation interpolation optimal optimal of of method method the the : : By By Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German the· the· of of Service Service 5. 5. Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Authors Authors Petzold Petzold M. M. J. J. Kluge, Kluge,
German German 3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
press press in in Berlin, Berlin, (1978) (1978) 28 28 Meteorologie, Meteorologie, fUr fUr publication publication Zeitschrift Zeitschrift of of Name Name 2. 2.
analysis analysis geopotential geopotential numerical numerical in in SIRS-data SIRS-data
and and aerological aerological of of combination combination optimal optimal statistically statistically On On paper paper the the of of l. l. Title Title
REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN 2 2
charge charge of of free free Reprint Reprint material material the the provide provide to to any. any. Cost, Cost, if if 8, 8,
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
23 23 Chaussee Chaussee Miohendorfer Miohendorfer
Wetterdienststelle Wetterdienststelle Zentrale Zentrale
7· 7· DDR DDR der der Dienst Dienst Meteorologischer Meteorologischer availability availability of of Source Source
situations. situations. synoptic synoptic special special with with connected connected exception exception an an be be to to
seems seems rule rule this this from from departure departure A A Europe. Europe. Middle Middle over over forecast forecast potential potential
24-geo the the in in changes changes definite definite and and no no causes causes significan·~ significan·~ Atlantic Atlantic North North
the the over over introduced introduced SIRS-information SIRS-information that that result result preliminary preliminary a a as as obtained obtained
we we model model prediction prediction filtered filtered parameter parameter three three a a Using Using utilizedo utilizedo are are data data
geopotential geopotential aerological aerological only only information information basic basic as as when when Atlantic Atlantic North North
the the over over analysis analysis on on significant significant is is SIRS-data SIRS-data of of impact impact The The SIRS-data. SIRS-data.
the the and and analysis analysis the the of of both both structure structure error error the the to to regard regard with with manner manner mal mal
opti statistically statistically a a in in out out carried carried is is information information the the of of combination combination The The
SIRS-data. SIRS-data. operational operational with with studies studies impact impact for for used used and and developed developed is is
SIRS-data SIRS-data by by analysis analysis numerical numerical of of correction correction subsequent subsequent for for method method : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German the the of of Service Service Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Petzold Petzold M. M. J. J. Kluge, Kluge, Authors Authors
available available 3. 3. German German is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
press press in in Berlin, Berlin, (1978), (1978), 28 28 Meteorologie, Meteorologie, fUr fUr Zeitschrift Zeitschrift publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
impact impact their their on on results results some some and and
SIRS-data SIRS-data through through analysis analysis numerical numerical of of correction correction Subsequent Subsequent paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
3 3
REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN 4 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
l. Title of the paper About the relations between the type of atmospheric boundary layer and cloud types derived from satellite cloud pictures
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space, Philadelphia 1976 (1977), 388-391
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors P. Wernera), W. BOhmea), U. Schubertb), K. Bernhardtb)
5. Affiliation a) Meteorological Service of the German Tiemocratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D.R.
b) Humboldt-University, Section Physics, Department Meteorology and Geophysics, Berlin, G.D.R.
6. Abstract The question of a relation between the cloud types as seen by the satel lite (in the visible and/or in the infrared range) and the stability of the stratification of the boundary layer has been studied. The characteristic features of the clouds within a circle of 50 km radius around the radiosonde station were chosen for the determination of cloud type. The results may be taken as representative for mid-latitude continental regions. The mean values of the stability parameters and the dispersion of these mean values have been computed for different cloud types. The results demonstrate that the analysis of clouds seen by satellite yields some information about the state of boundary layer.
7. Source of availability Meteorologisoher Dienst de.r DDR Luckenwalder Str. 42-44-46 DDR - 15 Potsdam
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material Reprint free of charge GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 5
1. Title of the paper Comparison of different methods for the determination of vertical temperature profiles from simulated satellite measure ments in narrow spectral intervals
2. Name of publication Zeitschrift fur Meteorologie, Berlin, 27 (1977) 4, 234-242 Extract in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space, Philadelphia 1976 (1977), 38 - 43
3. Language in which the paper is available English
D. SpEinkuch a), b) J. GUldner a) 4. Authors Yu. M. Timofeyev '
5. Affiliation a) Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D.R.
b) Leningrad State University, Leningrad, USSR
6. Abstract The retrieval errors of temperature profiles from satellite narrow-band spectral measurements are analysed by numerical experiments in dependence on the magnitude of the random error in spectral measurements, the probability of the wanted profile, the statistical deviation of the wanted profile from the mean profile and the adequacy of the statistical a-priori information used. The retrieval errors are correlated in the vertical direction, and the errors in the troposphere are correlated up to the 100 - 200 mb layer. The following inversion techniques are investigated: statistical regularization, minimum information method, iterative solution after W.L. Smith. The authors show that the results can only be interpreted in their statistical sense.
7. Source of availability Meteorologischer Dienst der DDR Meteorologisches Hauptobservatorium Telegrafenberg DDR - 15 Potsdam
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material Reprint free of charge 6 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
1. Title of_ the paper Study on the relationship between parameters of the vertical water vapour profile up to 500mb and the pattern of satellite cloud pictures
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space, Philadelphia 1976 (1977), 34 - 36
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors u. Schubert a), w. Bohme b) K. Bernhardt a)
5. Affiliation a) Humboldt-University, Section Physics, Department Meteorology and Geophysics, Berlin, G.D.R.
b) Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D.R.
6. Abstract The attempt is made to find a statistical relation between the vertical distribution of the dew-point differences below 500 mb obtained from radiosonde ascents and cloud types obtained on the basis of satellite based cloud pictures. There are the following results: The humidity in an atmosphere under medium height cloud conditions above 900mb is higher than it is under cirrus conditions. When there is stratiform cloud there is below 800 mb a rapid decrease of the dew-point differences from 12 to 14°C to 2,2oc down to the 1000mb surface. Under multi-layered cloud the dew-point differences decreases from 6oc at 500 mb by about 4°C about 950 mb. The vertical distributions of the dew-point differences, to which the cloud type analyses are allocated on the basis of satellite pictures, permit conclusions to be made about the vertical exchange processes.
7. Source of availability Meteorologischer Dienst der DDR Luckenwalder Str. 42-44-46 DDR - 15 Potsdam e. Cost, if any, to provide the material Reprint free of charge
charge charge of of free free material material the the Reprint Reprint provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
Telegrafenberg Telegrafenberg
Hauptobservatorium Hauptobservatorium Meteorologisches Meteorologisches
7. 7. DDR DDR der der Dienst Dienst availability availability Meteorologischer Meteorologischer of of Source Source
accurate. accurate.
more more are are that that parameters parameters line line defining defining of of aim aim the the with with conditions conditions
controlled controlled under under functions functions transmission transmission measured measured and and calculations calculations line line
line-by between between intercomparisons intercomparisons the the of of given given is is review review a a report report this this In In
experiments. experiments. and and calculations calculations between between needed needed are are comparisons comparisons data data input input
spectroscopic spectroscopic the the of of accuracy accuracy the the improve improve To To parameters. parameters. spectroscopic spectroscopic
these these of of calculation calculation the the for for theory theory the the of of character character half-empiric half-empiric the the to to
due due are are which which shapes) shapes) line line widths, widths, half half intensities intensities line line lines, lines, the the of of
(position (position date date input input spectroscopic spectroscopic the the in in errors errors are are intervals intervals spectral spectral
narrow narrow for for functions functions transmission transmission inaccurate inaccurate of of 6. 6. reasons reasons Abstract Abstract the the of of One One
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German the the of of Service Service Meteorological Meteorological b) b)
5. 5. USSR USSR Leningrad, Leningrad, University, University, State State Leningrad Leningrad Affiliation Affiliation a) a)
• •
4. 4. b) b) D. D. DOhler DOhler Spankuch Spankuch Authors Authors a), a), W~ W~ Timofeev Timofeev M. M. Yu. Yu.
b) b)
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
375 375 - 373 373 (1977), (1977), 1976 1976 FRG, FRG, Garmisoh-Partenkirohen, Garmisoh-Partenkirohen,
Atmosphere, Atmosphere, the the in in Radiation Radiation on on publication publication Symposium Symposium of of the the Name Name of of 2. 2. Proceedings Proceedings
2 2
pm pm band band 15 15 C0
the the of of characteristics characteristics 1. 1. absorption absorption the the of of paper paper the the of of Investigation Investigation Title Title
7 7 REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN 8 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
l. Title of the paper Sopostavlenie ras~etnych i eksperimental 1 nych funkcij propuskanija uglekislovo gaza v polose 15 mkm
2. Name of publication Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR, Fizika Atrnosfery i Okeana 13 (1977) 6, 638 - 646
3· Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Authors Yuo Me Timofeev a), W. DOhler b), D. Spankuch b)
5. Affiliation a) Leningrad State University, Leningrad, USSR b) Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D.R.
6. Abstract The results of comparison between laboratorium measurements and theoretical calculations of transmittance within the l5pm band of C0 are presented 2 and analysed for a wide region of temperature (from 213 to 313 K), pressure and absorber amount. The calculation were performed by a direct method using contemporary data on parameters of fine structure of the band. Possible reasons of disaccordance between theory and experiment and the temperature dependence of the transmittance are analysed and methods of its approximative consideration by the solution of the inversion problem are discussed in detail.
7. Source of availability Meteorologischer Dienst der DDR Meteorologisches Hauptobservatorium Telegrafenberg DDR - 15 Potsdam
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material Reprint free of charge
charge charge of of free free Reprint Reprint material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
Telegrafenberg Telegrafenberg
Hauptobservatorium Hauptobservatorium Meteorologisches Meteorologisches
DDR DDR der der Dienst Dienst 7. 7. Meteorologischer Meteorologischer availability availability of of Source Source
considered. considered. are are profile profile temperature temperature the the of of
probability probability statistical statistical the the and and pressure pressure atmospheric atmospheric the the measurements, measurements,
radiation radiation of of error error random random from from retrieval retrieval of of error error the the of of influence influence The The
method. method.
iterative iterative Smiths Smiths the the and and method, method, information information minimum minimum the the regularization, regularization,
statistical statistical of of method method the the investigated: investigated: are are determination determination temperature temperature
of of methods methods indirect indirect several several experiments experiments numerical numerical Abstract Abstract of of basis basis the the 6. 6. On On
USSR USSR Leningrad, Leningrad, University, University, State State Leningrad Leningrad b) b)
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German 5. 5. the the of of Service Service Meteorological Meteorological a) a) Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. b), b), a) a) Timofeev Timofeev Guldner Guldner M. M. J. J. Authors Authors Yu. Yu. a), a), Spi!nkuch Spi!nkuch D. D.
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
85 85 - 76 76
1977j 1977j Gidrometeoizdat Gidrometeoizdat Leningrad: Leningrad: 1976, 1976, Potsdam Potsdam Meteorologii, Meteorologii,
Sputnikovoj Sputnikovoj po po Simpoziuma Simpoziuma Trudy Trudy Me~dunarodnogo Me~dunarodnogo polej. polej.
meteorologiCeskich meteorologiCeskich analiza analiza Cislennogo Cislennogo i i vosstanovlenija vosstanovlenija
dlja dlja sputnikov sputnikov so so nabljudennij nabljudennij dannych dannych publioatio£ publioatio£ of of Primenenie Primenenie Name Name 2. 2.
atmosfery atmosfery zondirovanija zondirovanija termi~eskogo termi~eskogo
zadaCe zadaCe v v interpretacii interpretacii metodov metodov razliCnych razliCnych paper paper the the of of Sopostavlenie Sopostavlenie Title Title 1. 1.
9 9 REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN 10 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
l. Title of the paper Assimilation of additional meteorological information in a barotropic prediction model
2. Name of publication Primenenie dannych nabludenij so sputnikov dlja vosstanovlenija i Cislennogo analiza meteorologi~eskich polej. Trudy Me~dunarodnogo Simposiuma po Sputnikovoj Meteorologii, Potsdam 1976, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat 1977, 50- 57
3· Language in which the paper is avail.able Russian
4. Authors J. Kluge, E. Oesberg
5. Affiliation : Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D .• R.
6. Abstract : Using a nonlinear barotropic prediction model, different types of corrections are introduced in order to study the assimilation process. It was found that the assimilation of information into the model memory depends on the correction type, especially on the form of the wind correction (local balance). The effect of a selective damping time scheme is investigated. The possibility through additional dynamical initiali zation to suppress the noise is studied.
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8. Cost, if any, to provide the material Reprint free of charge
charge charge of of free free material material the the Reprint Reprint provide provide to to 8. 8. if if any. any. Cost, Cost,
Potsdam Potsdam 15 15 - DDR DDR
23 23 Chaussee Chaussee Michendorfer Michendorfer
Wetterdienststelle Wetterdienststelle Zentrale Zentrale
7. 7. DDR DDR der der Dienst Dienst availability availability Meteorologischer Meteorologischer of of Source Source
arrangement. arrangement. data data of of range range wide wide a a for for
computed computed are are error error interpolation interpolation the the of of estimations estimations A-priori A-priori data. data. bogus bogus
and and aerological aerological for for only only used used is is assumption assumption noise noise white white The The data. data. the the
of of properties properties typical typical the the with with agreement agreement in in are are which which assumptions assumptions using using
modelled modelled is is statistics statistics error error The The information. information. forecast forecast and and data data bogus bogus
data, data, SIRS SIRS data, data, wind wind data, data, geopotential geopotential aerological aerological combined; combined; are are data data of of
types types following following the the interpolation interpolation optimal optimal of of method method the the of of basis basis the the On On ; ; Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
G.D.R. G.D.R. Potsdam, Potsdam,
Republic, Republic, Democratic Democratic German German the the of of Service Service Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Author Author Kluge Kluge J. J.
3. 3. available available is is Russian Russian paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
49 49 43- 1977. 1977.
Gidrometeoizdat Gidrometeoizdat Leningrad: Leningrad: 1976, 1976, Potsdam Potsdam Meteorologii, Meteorologii,
Sputnikovoj Sputnikovoj po po Simposiuma Simposiuma Trudy Trudy Me~dunarodnogo Me~dunarodnogo polej. polej.
meteorologiCeskich meteorologiCeskich analiza analiza Ceslennogo Ceslennogo i i vosstanovlenija vosstanovlenija
dlja dlja sputnikov sputnikov so so nabljudenij nabljudenij dannych dannych publication publication of of Primenenie Primenenie Name Name 2. 2.
interpolation interpolation optimal optimal of of method method the the through through analysis analysis
geopotential geopotential numerical numerical in in data data of of types types different different of of paper paper 1. 1. the the of of Utilization Utilization Title Title
ll ll REPUBLIC REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC GERMAN GERMAN 12 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
1. Title of the paper RasCety funkcij propuskanija i ich proizvodnych v oblasti 15 mkm polosy 002 dlja neodnorodnoj atmosfery
2. Name of publication Primenenie dannych nabljudennij so sputnikov dlja vosstanovlenija i Cislennogo analiza meteorologi~eskich polej. Trudy MeZdunarodnogo Simposiuma po Sputnikovoj Meteorologii, Potsdam 1976, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat 1977. 29 - 33
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Authors W. DOhler a), Yu. M. Timofeev b), D. Sp&nkuch a)
5. Affiliation a) Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam, G.D.R.
b) Leningrad State University, Leningrad, USSR
6. Abstract An algorithm for the calculations o£ transmission functions and their derivations for an inhomogeneous multioomponent atmosphere was described. Examples are given for the realized transmission functions, calculated by computer programme, in the C02 absorption band (15~m) and in regard to the water-vapour absorption lines and the influence of the spectral apparatus.
7. Source of availability Meteorologischer Dienst der DDR, Meteorologisches Hauptob-servatorium Telegrafenberg DDR - 15 Potsdam
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material Reprint free of charge GERMANY, FETifJRAL REPUBLIC OF l
l. Title of the paper Determination of atmospheric turbidity with the help of geo stationary satellites.
2. Name of publication Scientific Papers of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Munich, No. 30, 1977
3· Language in which the paper is available German
4. Author P. Koepke
5. Affiliation Meteorologisches Institut, Theresienstr. 37, D-8000 Mtinchen 2, Federal Republic of Germany
6. Abstract A study was made of ho1tr accurately the turbidity of the atmosphere can be determined using radiation intensity measurements from geostationary satellites in cloud-free areas above water surfaces. For this purpose, the radiation field in the atmosphere was numerically simulated, taking into consideration all the multiple scattering processes the anisotropic aerosol scattering function, the anisotropic reflection of the ocean with waves and foam tops and absorption by aerosol particles and atmos pheric gases. The research was carried out with aerosol types which are typical of the tropical and subtropical area of the Atlantic Ocean, the area influenced by Sahara dust. A method was developed which permits selection of the relations of the angles between the sun, the observed point and the satellite in such a way that the differences of intensity of the beam due to different types of aerosol are small. Another new method permits identification of the aerosol type from the variation of the intensity of the beam in the course of the day, which is the result of the daily change of the sun's position. These two complementary methods permit the best calculation of turbidity. The accuracy determined for the turbidity measurements depends on the measuring instrument. Vlith a monochromatic measurement at 0. 7 f-lm, the spectral turbidity factor according to LINKE T can be measured with an 0 accuracy of± 20 ojo. With average turbidity th18 7means an uncertainty of To.7 ± 1. For a feasible satellite instrument with a broad spectral range (SMS, METEOSAT) the possible accuracy is less. According to the quality of the digitalisation of the signal there will be values between T0 • 7 + 2 and T0 . ± 3. Determination of turbidity is possible with a spatial resolutlon7 of less than 100 km and a time resolution of one day. The methods of determining turbidity are applied to measurements from the SMS. Vlith the help of a histogram analysis, certain measurement points have been used which have a high probability of being cloud free. The turbidity values obtained from satellites correspond to values measured at the surface w.i thin the specified accuracy.
7. Source of availability Bibliothek des Meteorologischen Institutes, Theresienstr. 37 D-8000 MUnchen 2, Federal Republic of Germany
8. Cost. if any. to provide the material 2 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF
l. Title of the paper Calculation of wind from satellite measurements in the 6,3~m water vapour band
2. Name of publication Diploma thesis
3. Language in which the paper is available German
4. Author Martina KB.stner
5. Affiliation Meteorologisches Institut der Universitat MUnchen, Feder. Rep. of Germany
6. Abstract Digital data of the 6. 7 pm 11 water vapour 11 channel of the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) of Nimbus-5 are used to derive infor mation on the wind field in the upper troposphere. The displacement of water vapour patterns in pictures from a series of satellite orbital pas ses is considered. In order to identify cloud boundaries and contours, t~>ro methods of cal culation are tested. It can be demonstrated that the manually deter mined wind vectors on the basis of the displacement of the contours are in good agreement with the wind vectors taken from the 500mb weather charts of the German Weather Service. For the 20-30 m/s wind speeds usual at that height, there is a root mean square deviation of 5-6 m/s which corresponds to a per cent error of approximately 20 %RMS. The deviation from the direction of the geostrophic wind is 21° RMS. Sys tematic deviations occur, which can be explained by cirrus clouds on the one hand and the time lag between the satellite passes and meteorological measurements, on the other hand. Sources of error are the picture quality and meteorological factors, e.g. dissolution or formation of individual parts of clouds. Improvement of the calculation of the wind vectors can be expected 'vi th a more frequent picture sequence and a better resolution which are planned for the European geostationary satellite :METEOSAT. The meteorological inter pretation can be ignored by taking into consideration the pictures of the ll.5,Jtm 11 window 11 channel, for example with respect to cirrus clouds.
7. Source of availability
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, Cost, Cost, if if 8. 8.
7· 7· 38 38 Pf. Pf. Budapest, Budapest, 1525, 1525, Szolgilat, Szolgilat, MeteorolOgiai MeteorolOgiai Orszagos Orszagos avilability avilability of of Source Source
one. one. indistinct indistinct desintegrated, desintegrated, a a by by marked marked is is acceleration acceleration negative negative
a a while while zone zone cloud cloud developed developed fairly fairly marked, marked, a a by by accompanied accompanied is is circulation circulation
of of acceleration acceleration positive positive the the that that stated stated be be can can It It pictures. pictures. satellite satellite
NOAA-4 NOAA-4 the the of of basis basis the the on on 1976 1976 June June 18 18 to to 15 15 from from period period the the for for shown shown is is
front front cold cold a a of of conditions conditions cloud cloud the the of of formation formation the the relation, relation, theoretical theoretical
proposed proposed the the of of correctness correctness the the prove prove to to order order In In front. front. the the to to cular cular
perpendi also also gradient gradient temperature temperature the the on on and and front front the the to to perpendicular perpendicular
component component wind wind the the of of -,raria-tions -,raria-tions frontward frontward the the on on mainly mainly depends depends culation culation
cir of of acceleration acceleration the the that that found found been been has has It It continuity. continuity. and and vorticity vorticity
of of equation equation the the using using determined determined was was circulation circulation of of acceleration acceleration the the study study
present present the the In In clouds. clouds. frontal frontal of of forming forming the the in in circulation circulation of of ation ation
acceler the the to to attached attached was was importance importance decisive decisive earlier, earlier, out out carried carried studies studies
empirical empirical on on Based Based pictures. pictures. satellite satellite on on seen seen it it be be can can as as time, time, and and space space ----
in in vary vary strongly strongly fronts fronts of of system system cloud cloud the the of of extension extension and and structure structure The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Physics Physics Atmospheric Atmospheric of of Institute Institute Central Central : : 5, 5, Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. T8.nczer T8.nczer T. T. Author Author
Hungarian Hungarian available available 3. 3. is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
s1.4.1977 s1.4.1977 Idojaras. Idojaras. pf pf publication publication Name Name 2. 2.
clouds. clouds. frontal frontal
of of forming forming the the in in circulation circulation of of acceleration acceleration the the of of role role The The paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
l l HUNGARY HUNGARY 2 HUNGARY
l. Title of the paper Connection between the vertical motions of different scales and the cloudiness in an anticyclone.
2. Name of publication Idojaras. s1. 4. 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available Hungarian
4. Author I. Fekete
5. Affiliation : Central Institute of Atmospheric Physics
6. Abstract : The genetic investigation of the cloudiness of an anticyclone is presented, and the role of the three main forms of the vertical motion, the large scale vertical motion, the convection and the turbulence is evaluated. The large-scale vertical velocity is computed by thp method elaborated by Tanczer, using a 300-km grid length. For characterizing the convective activity, a modified version of the instability index K is used. This ver sion is more dependent on the temperature and therefore it is more suitable for the approximation of the distribution of cloudiness. The turbulence is described by the Richardson number modified by Tanczer for taking into account the saturation conditions. In the paper the areas are selected where cloud development by at least one of the three parameters is offered (Fig. 5) and are compared with the nephanalysis charts using the pictures of the ESSA-8 satellite (Fig, 3). The similarity between the two fields is 88 %, the correlation coefficient computed on the basis of the signum correlation is 0.76.
7. Source of availabili.ty Orszagos Meteorol6giai Szolgalat, 1525, Budapest, Pf. 38
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material !WNGARY 3
l. Title of the paper The determination of the radiation balance in the atmosphere by using the measurements of meteorological satellites.
2. Name of publication Idojaras 81. 5. 1977
3. Language in which the paper is avail,able Hungarian
4. Author Gy. Major
5. Affiliation : Central Institute of Atmospheric Physics
6. Absti·act : Starting from the radiation data of the measurements carried out on the sur- face and by satellites over Europe and the adjacent region of the Atlantic Ocean, an empirical formula is deduced for the determination of the long wave radiation balance of the atmosphere. Together with the previously published formula for the short-wave radiation balance of the atmosphere it makes possible to calculate the total atmospheric radiation balance using only the measurements of meteorological satellites.
1· Source of availability Orszagos MeteorolOgiai Szolgalat, 1525, Budapest, Pf. 38
8. Cost. if any, to provide the material
• 4 HUNGARY
l. Title of the paper A method for the determination of the temperature profile from satellite radiation ·data.
2. Name of publication Idojaras. 81. 5, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available Hungarian
4. Author Gy. Molnar
5. Affiliation : Central Institute of' Atmospheric Physics
6. Abstract : In the paper a simplified method is presented for the rapid determination of the temperature profile on 15 pressure levels from radiation data gained by meteorological satellites. A special simplified form of the so called statistical inversive procedure is applied, but the fact that the trans mission depends on temperature is not ignored so the results should be precious enough as the numerical experiments showed. The method in its original form is only applicable to the radiation data measured over Hungary and Middle Europe since the eo-variance-matrices necessary for the statisti cal inversive procedure are prepared from the radiosonde measurements of Budapest. But, as it is shown, no unrealistic results are gained with the use of "neutral'' eo-variance-matrices containing identical €lem13nts even from the satellite data of the Antarctic.
7. Source of availability Orszagos MeteorolOgiai Szolgalat, 1525, Budapest, Pf. 38
8. Cost. if any, to provide the material
ma·berial ma·berial the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, B. B.
38 38 Pf. Pf. Budapest, Budapest, ?. ?. 1525, 1525, Szolgalat, Szolgalat, MeteorolOgiai MeteorolOgiai Orszagos Orszagos availability availability of of Source Source
field. field. this this in in solved solved be be to to
tasks tasks the the out out points points and and use use in in methods methods sounding sounding ozone ozone the the of of review review a a gives gives
author author The The detail. detail. in in with with dealt dealt are are data data radiation radiation satellite satellite the the of of tion tion
utiliza of of possibilities possibilities mathematical mathematical The The described. described. briefly briefly is is radiation radiation
electromagnetic electromagnetic atmosphere atmosphere the the by by traversing traversing of of process process physical physical The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Physics Physics Atmospheric Atmospheric of of Institute Institute Central Central : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Miskolci Miskolci F. F. Author Author
3· 3· Hungarian Hungarian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1977 1977 6. 6. 81. 81. Idcljaras. Idcljaras. 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
satellite. satellite. from from sounding sounding Ozone Ozone paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
5 5 HUNGARY HUNGARY
INDIA l
l. Title of the pape~ The Porbandar cyclone of October, 1975
2. Name of publication Indian Journal of Meteorology, Hydrology and Geophysics, Vol. 28, No. 2
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors G.R. Gupta, D~K. Mishra, B.Re Yadav
5o Affiliation : India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003
6. Abstract : A severe cyclonic storm formed over the east central Arabian Sea, from the remnants of an earlier depression over the Bay of Bengal and crossed north Gujarat coast near Porba."ldar at 1530 IST on 22 October, 1975. This cyclone showed rapid intensification during its formative stages and was singular for its ·track and severity. A detailed study of the formation, movement and intensity of the storm has been made in this paper on the basis of the synoptic as well as weather satellite data. It is concluded that the thermal structure of the cyclone and the marked upper tropospheric divergence was responsible for its rapid intensification.
1· Source of availability The Manager of Publications Civil Lines Delhi 110006
a. Cost 2 if' any. to provide the material Rs. 25/- per copy of Journal
s. s. 1 1 Costz Costz if if an;z: 25/- to to Erovide Erovide the the : : material material Rs. Rs.
Delhi Delhi 110006 110006
Civil Civil Lines Lines
7-
Source Source of of : : The The Manager Manager availabilit~ availabilit~ of of Publications Publications
presented presented in in this this paper. paper.
depression depression with with the the help help of of weather weather satellite satellite cloud cloud pictures pictures has has been been
particularly particularly over over the the southern southern parts parts of of Uttar Uttar Pradesh. Pradesh. A A study study of of this this
around around Kanpur. Kanpur. This This system system caused caused very very heavy heavy rainfall rainfall along along its its track, track,
although although its its development development was was rather rather slow. slow. Further, Further, it it executed executed a a loop loop
It It progressively progressively intensified intensified into into a a cyclonic cyclonic storm storm over over the the land land
near near Contai Contai on on the the evening evening of of 9 9 October, October, showed showed some some unusual unusual features. features.
and and neighbourhood neighbourhood on on 8 8 September, September, 1970, 1970, and and crossed crossed West West Bengal Bengal coast coast
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : The The monsoon monsoon depression depression which which formed formed over over the the head head of of the the Bay Bay of of Bengal Bengal
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : India India Meteorological Meteorological Department, Department, Lodi Lodi Road, Road, New New Delhi Delhi 110003 110003
4· 4·
D.K. D.K. Authors Authors Mishra, Mishra, M.S. M.S. Singh Singh
). ). Language Language in in 111hich 111hich the the paper paper is is available available English English
Vol. Vol. 28, 28, No. No. ), ), 1977 1977
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Indian Indian Journal Journal of of Meteorology, Meteorology, Hydrology Hydrology Geophysics, Geophysics, & &
storm storm over over land land
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper A A study study of of the the monsoon monsoon depression depression intensifying intensifying into into cyclonic cyclonic
2 2 INDIA INDIA I!l})_);! 3
1. Title of the paper A modified satellite cloud picture recorder for reception of APT pictures from NOAA
2. Name of publication Indian Journal of Meteorology, Hydrology & Geophysics, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1977
3· Language .in which the paper is available English
4- Authors U.V~ Gopala Rao, Faqir Chand, C.L. Agnihotri~ N.P. Jauhari
5. Aff.il.iat.ion : India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003
6. Abstract : Gear box of the recorder has been modified as the speed of rotation of 240 RPM is no longer required after ESSA-8 became non-operational. From the shaft rotating at 96 RPM a rotation of 48 RPM j_s obtained using two gears with a ratio of 1/2. A bakelite cam with a semicircular brass plate fixed on it was mounted on the 48 RPM shaft. Two spring loaded contacts were placed on the metallic portion of the cam in such a way that they are connected for half rotation of the cam. This rosu.lts in a contact between the helix and the blade for half the period of the scan. Thus the signal circuit is broken on alternate rotations of the helix thereby blanking the alternate lines. This results in the picture at double the normal size.
7- Source of availab.ili ty The Manager of Publications Civil Lines Delhi 110006 s. Cost. if any, to provide the material Rs. 25/- 4 INDIA
l. Title of the paper A cross yagi aerial for use in APT reception
2. Name of publication Indian Journal of Meteorology, Hydrology & Geophysics, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors U.V. Gopala Rao, C.L. Agnihotri
5. Affiliation : India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003
6. Abstract : At present 8 turn helical antennae having gain of 13 db are being used at Bombay and Poena and at Delhi, Calcutta and Madras stacked yagi type of antenna are being used. Design of a crossed yagiaerial having adequate gain coupled with simplicity of construction is discussed in this note. This aerial has another advantage that it is light in weight.
'/. Source of availability The Manager of Publications Civil Line-s Delhi 110006
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material RS. 25/-
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost. B. B.
7. 7. Service Service Meteorological Meteorological availability availability Israel Israel of of Source Source
ground ground the the of of cover~ cover~ fraction fraction small small very very a a only only form form
plants plants the the
where where regions, regions, arid arid to to limited limited
is is effect effect rhis rhis surface. surface. the the
1
covering covering debris debris plant plant and and plants plants dead dead of of role role dominant dominant the the explained explained by by
quantitatively quantitatively is is infrared infrared reflective reflective the the in in pressures pressures anthropogenic anthropogenic
from from protected protected when when steppe steppe natural natural the the of of reflec·tivity reflec·tivity low low The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
University University Tel-Aviv Tel-Aviv & & Sciences, Sciences, Planetary Planetary Geophysics Geophysics of of Dept. Dept. : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Author Author Otterman Otterman Joseph Joseph
3. 3. available available English English is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1977 1977 1, 1, Vol. Vol. Papers, Papers, Research Research publication publication Meteorological Meteorological of of Israel Israel 2. 2. Na~e Na~e
consequences consequences climatic climatic possible possible
some some and and characteristics characteristics surface surface on on impact impact Anthropogenic: Anthropogenic: paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
1 1 ISRAEL ISRAEL
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability Israel Israel Meteorological Meteorological Service Service
marginally marginally small. small.
forecast forecast errors errors more more often often than than the the opposite, opposite, but but the the impact impact is is
prediction prediction model. model. The The new new source source of of meteorological meteorological data data reduces reduces RMS RMS
specifications specifications for for the the Israel Israel Meteorological Meteorological Service Service numerical numerical weather weather
6. 6. Abstract Abstract Temperature Temperature profiles profiles observed observed from from space space are are used used to to enhance enhance initial initial
3) 3) & & Department Department of of Physics Physics Planetary Planetary Sciences, Sciences, Tel-Aviv Tel-Aviv University University
2) 2) Israel Israel Meteorological Meteorological Service Service
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation 1) 1) Department Department of of Geogl'aphy, Geogl'aphy, Bar Bar Ilan Ilan University University
4. 4. Authors: Authors: & & Leonard Leonard M. M. Druyan, Druyan, Tamar Tamar Ben-Amram Ben-Amram Zvi Zvi
Alperson, Alperson, George George Ohring Ohring
l) l) 2) 2) 3) 3)
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Israel Israel Meteorological Meteorological Research Research Papers, Papers, Vol. Vol. 1, 1, 1977 1977
Meteorological Meteorological Service Service
1. 1. Title Title of of the the paper paper An An experiment experiment in in the the use use of of VTPR VTPR data data at at the the Israel Israel
2 2 ISRAEL ISRAEL JAPAN 1
1. Title of the Paper Characteristic features of cloud and echo d.istribution and their temporal variation over the east coast of the Asian Continent in February 1968 as revealed by satellite and radar observations
2. Name of publication Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 357-378, December 1973
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Kozo Ninomi;y-a and Takako Akiyama
5. Affiliation ; Meteorological ResearCh Institute, Tokyo
6. Abstract : Characteristic features of cloud and echo distribution and their temporal variation over the east coast of the Asian Continent are studied for the one month period of February 1968 by analyzing the ESSA cloud brightness maps and PPI pictures over the Japan Islands. The study lays special emphasis on the relation among the air-mass transformation, generation of convective clouds and the development of the wave disturbances over the Kuroshio region.
The results of the analysis reveal the existence of a persistent zone of convective cloud along the Kuroshio current. Two kinds of quasi-periodic vax·iation in the cloud/echo amount with a time scale of about 4 and 2 days, respectively, predominate along the cloud zone. These variations are known to be associated with the wave cyclones.
The echo system associated with the disturbance which developed under the influence of the long wave trough grows quite rapidly into a huge vortex shaped echo system, The very intense or penetrative convections within the echo system are confined within a mesosoale area, The echo system associated with an undeveloped disturbance, on the one hand, does not grow remarkably,
7. Source of availability Kozo Ninomiya Meteorological Research Institute 4-35-8 Koenji-kita, Suginami Tokyo 166
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material 2 JAPAN
1. Title of the paper The large-scale aspects of the charac-teristic features of the Baiu Front
2. Name of publication Papers- in Meteorology and Geophysics Vol. 24, No. 2,
pp. 157-188 1 June 1973
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Takako Akiyama
5. Affiliation Meteorological Research Institute, Tokyo
6. Abstract The large-scale aspects of the Baiu Front, heavy rainfall and associated phenomena are analyzed over the Far East during the 40-day period from June 16 to July 25, 1968, mainly by using 5-day mean fields of various meteorological elements.
The Baiu Front over the Far East forms a belt-shaped zone of maximum cloudi ness, which lies east and west along the northern boundary of the monsoon or tropical airmass. This cloud zone coincides well with the zone of maximum rainfall amount, Heavy rainfalls there indicate successive convective activities. Owing -to the convective transport of moisture, sensible heat and release of latent heat, a mid--tropospheric warm belt and a deep moist layer are formed within the Baiu Front.
The most notable feature of the mean Baiu Front is the appearance of the core of the super-geostrophic strong wind in the lower troposphere during the heavy rainfall periods, It is suggested that the low-level jet is intensi fied by the vertical mixing of horizontal momentum due to active convections there.
Medium-scale disturbances develop successively in the Baiu frontal zone which provides favourable conditions for their generation as inferred from the small Richardson Number.
The results of water-vapour budget in the vicinity of the Baiu Front reveal that a large amount of water-vapour convergence within the frontal zone is mainly by northeastward flow along the north-western rim of the Northern Pacific Subtropical anticyclone. It is also concluded that the evaporation from the western Pacific is one of the important vapour sources which main tain intense rainfall within the Baiu Front.
7. Source of availability T. Akiyama Meteorological Research Institute 4-35-8 Koenji-kita, Suginami Tokyo 166
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, Cost. Cost. if if 8. 8.
166 166 Tokyo Tokyo
Suginami Suginami Koenji-kita, Koenji-kita, 4-35-8 4-35-8
Institute Institute Research Research Meteorological Meteorological
7. 7. Ninomiya Ninomiya K. K. availability availability of of Source Source
warming. warming. convective convective by by maintained maintained and and induced induced was was outflow outflow the the that that showed showed
field field outflow outflow the the of of aspects aspects thermodynamical thermodynamical the the of of analysis analysis Quantitative Quantitative
surface. surface. 700-mb 700-mb the the below below convergence convergence
of of field field significant significant a a by by accompanied accompanied core core warm warm mid-tropospheric mid-tropospheric a a of of
existence existence the the revealed revealed area area outflow outflow the the inside inside data data rawinsonde rawinsonde of of analyses analyses
Detailed Detailed km. km. ,._.500 ,._.500 to to increased increased outflow outflow the the of of dimensions dimensions horizontal horizontal
the the stage, stage, mature mature their their reached reached storms storms the the When When developed. developed. storms storms the the as as
outflow outflow into into dramatically dramatically changed changed areas areas storm storm over over level level cirrus cirrus the the at at flow flow
pre-existing pre-existing the the that that found found was was It It pictures. pictures. III III ATS ATS with with combined combined data data
rawinsonde rawinsonde conventional conventional using using made made by by were were 1968 1968 April April 23 23 of of thunderstorms thunderstorms
tornado-producing tornado-producing from from outflow outflow of of analyses analyses dynamic dynamic and and synoptic synoptic Detailed Detailed : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Tokyo Tokyo Institute, Institute, R.esearch R.esearch Meteorological Meteorological ; ; Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Ninomiya Ninomiya K. K. Author Author
English English available available is, is, 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in IH:a.nguage IH:a.nguage
U,S,A. U,S,A. in in Society. Society. Prin·~ed Prin·~ed Meteorological Meteorological American American 275-294. 275-294. pp, pp,
1971, 1971, April April 2, 2, No. No. lOj lOj Vol. Vol. Meteorology, Meteorology, Applied Applied of of Journal Journal publication publication of of Name Name 2 2
pictures pictures III III ATS ATS by by revealed revealed as as storms storms
thunder tornado-producing tornado-producing from from outflow outflow of of analysis analysis Dynamical Dynamical paper paper the the of of l. l. Ti·ble Ti·ble
3 3 JAPAN JAPAN
1 1 material material the the provide provide to to any if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
166 166 Tokyo Tokyo
Suginami Suginami Koenji-kita, Koenji-kita, 4-35-8 4-35-8
Institute Institute Research Research Meteorological Meteorological
Ninomiya Ninomiya Kozo Kozo 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
thunderstorms. thunderstorms. the the of of activity activity the the maintaining maintaining thus thus jet, jet, the the of of
ahead ahead flux flux vapour vapour water water the the of of convergence convergence the the increased increased jet jet low-level low-level The The
jet. jet. low-level low-level the the intensified intensified flow flow shear shear the the in in momentum momentum horizontal horizontal the the
of of transport transport convective convective downward downward The The stream. stream. jet jet low-level low-level a a of of fication fication
intensi the the was was analyses analyses the the by by out out brought brought aspect aspect characteristic characteristic Another Another
area. area. storm storm the the of of rear rear the the to to area area dry dry the the
produced produced and and motion motion downward downward caused caused fields fields vorticity vorticity and and thermal thermal modified modified
the the that that inferred inferred was was It It core. core. warm warm the the of of left left the the to to gradient gradient thermal thermal
increased increased the the by by formed formed were were stream stream jet jet the the of of left left the the to to vorticity vorticity positive positive
of of core core the the and and stream stream jet jet the the both both that that suggested suggested analyses analyses the the of of Results Results
warming. warming. convective convective
so-called so-called of of process process a a of of result result the the was was outflow outflow upper upper strong strong a a by by panied panied
accom core core warm warm mid-tropospheric mid-tropospheric a a of of formation formation the the that that concluded concluded was was It It
zone. zone. frontal frontal the the along along developed developed that that disturbances disturbances convective convective mesoscale mesoscale
the the to to due due were were tongue tongue moist moist and and band band cloud cloud large-scale large-scale of of formations formations The The
developed. developed. storms storms where where area area the the of of vicinity vicinity the the in in fields fields wind wind and and thermal thermal
moisture, moisture, the the of of modification modification significant significant a a revealed revealed analysis analysis the the of of Results Results
field, field, large-scale large-scale the the and and thunderstorms thunderstorms the the between between
interaction interaction the the on on emphasis emphasis special special with with pictures, pictures, III III ATS ATS with with data data vation vation
obser conventional conventional combining combining studied studied were were 1968 1968 by by April April 23 23 of of thunderstorms thunderstorms
tornado-producing tornado-producing the the of of development development the the of of aspects aspects dynamic dynamic and and Synoptic Synoptic : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Tokyo Tokyo Institute, Institute, Research Research Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. .Author .Author Ninomiya Ninomiya Kozo Kozo
available available is is English English paper paper the the which which in in ). ). Language Language
u.s.A. u.s.A.
in in Printed Printed Society. Society. Meteorological Meteorological American American 1103-1121. 1103-1121. pp, pp,
1971, 1971, December December 6, 6, No. No. 10, 10, Vol. Vol. Meteorology, Meteorology, Applied Applied of of Journal Journal publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
data data aerological aerological and and III III ATS ATS by. by. revealed revealed as as development development
thunderstorm thunderstorm from from situations situations synoptic synoptic of of paper paper modification modification the the of of Mesoscale Mesoscale Title Title 1. 1.
4 4 JAPAN JAPAN JAPAN 5
l, J'.itle of the paper The data collection platform of the GMS system
2. Name of publication Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, Vol. 27., No. 3, 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Auth2.!.§. : Nobuhiko Koda.via, Nobuhiko Murayama, Yozo Takayama and Eiichi Kamishiro
5. Affiliation : Meteorological Satellite Centre of JMA
6. Abstract : An automatic weather station to be installed on a detached island as a data - collection platform of the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite system was developed~ and tested during the last one year, and a successful result has been obtained. The main design philosophies of this system are a) to minimize the electric power consumption in order to operate with the smallest power source, b) to make maintenance intervals more than one year, and c) to manufacture at low cost.
7. Source of availabilitY. Meteorological Satellite Centre 3-235 Nakakiyoto Kiyose, 180-04, Tokyo
8. Cost. if any~ provide the material 6 JAPAN
l. Title of the paper Development of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite .Systems
2. Name of publication Seventh Conference on Aerospace and Aeronautical Meteorology and Symposium on Remote Sensing from Satellites, American Meteorological Society, 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4· Authors : Nobuhiko Kodavia and Nobuhiko Murayama
5. Affiliation : Meteorological Satellite Centre of JMA
6. Abstract : The outline of GMS, characteristics of VISSR and its data processing systems are described.
7. Source of availability Meteorological Satellite Centre 3-235 Nakakiyoto Kiyose, 180-04, Tokyo
8. Cost. if any, to provide the material JAPAN 7
l. Title of the paper Present and future status of the meteorological satellite
2. Name of publication Journal of Japan Society of Precision Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available Japanese
4. Author Nobuhiko Kodavia
5. Affiliation Meteorological Satellite Cent of JM.A
6. Abstract The outline of meteorological observations from the space, including polar orbit satellites and geostationary satellites is described.
7. Source of availability Meteorological Satellite Cent 3-235 Nakakiyoto Kiyose, 180-04 Tokyo
8. Cc st, if any, to provide the material 8 JAPAN
l; Title of the paper Precipitation on the gray-levels of cloud pictures from the NOAA spacecraft
2. Name of publication Weather Service Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 43-53, 1977
3. Language in which tbe paper is available Japanese
4. Author Masayoshi Shimizu
5. Affiliation Forecast Department of JMA (Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory at present)
6. Abstract The gray-levels of visible and infra-red pictures from the NOAA spacecraft were measured in many areas of Japan and the relationship between the gray levels and precipitation was surveyed.
7. Source of availability Japan Meteorological Agency 1-3-4, Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
xeroxcopy xeroxcopy of of page page one one for for zl zl Polish Polish 10 10 circa circa : : material material the the provide provide to to any, any, 8. 8. if if Cost, Cost,
Poland Poland Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-370 50-370 27, 27, Wyspiafiskiego Wyspiafiskiego Wybrzeze Wybrzeze ul. ul.
?. ?. Gl6wna Gl6wna J3iblioteka J3iblioteka Wrocl:awska, Wrocl:awska, technika technika availability availability Poli Poli of of Source Source
out. out. pointed pointed been been have have branch branch this this in in system system
CAMAC CAMAC of of application application by by given given possibilities, possibilities, The The dissertation. dissertation. the the of of
part part last last the the in in reviewed reviewed been been has has processing processing picture picture digital digital of of problem problem
The The TIROS-N. TIROS-N. from from available available as as systems, systems, transmission transmission picture picture channel channel
multi other other for for usable usable is is method method The The purpose. purpose. this this for for adapted adapted properly properly
recorder recorder the the by by receiving, receiving, signal signal during during directly directly recorded recorded but but technique technique
composition composition photographic photographic known known by by made made not not are are pictures pictures The The represented. represented.
are are component, component, colour colour by by channels channels infrared infrared and and visible visible by by obtained obtained tures, tures,
pic colour colour component component Two Two developed. developed. been been has has composition", composition", colour colour "false "false
on on based based recording, recording, pictures pictures NOAA NOAA two-channel two-channel of of method method netv netv a a NOACOLOR, NOACOLOR, The The
years. years. few few last last the the during during operated operated successfully successfully been been has has system system The The
system. system. this this by by available available also also is is pictures pictures these these of of Display Display developed. developed.
been been has has System System Gridding Gridding MEDAN-D MEDAN-D the the by by pictures pictures NOAA-DRSR NOAA-DRSR on on co-ordinate co-ordinate
geographical geographical of of gridding gridding purposes purposes operational operational For For present. present. at at operating operating
systems systems satellite satellite meteorological meteorological all all from from pictures pictures intercept intercept can can recorder recorder
new new The The developed. developed. been been has has "Novs", "Novs", recorder recorder facsimile facsimile telephoto telephoto of of basis basis
the the on on recorder, recorder, picture picture satellite satellite versatile versatile A A picture. picture. the the of of quality quality
the the of of estimation estimation subjective subjective the the on on mainly mainly depends depends determination determination titative titative
quan the the because because features, features, picture picture some some of of determination determination quantitative quantitative the the
allows allows which which proposed proposed been been has has method method measuring measuring original original an an pictures, pictures, lite lite
sa-tel of of quality quality For For importance. importance. practical practical substantial substantial a a have have which which drawn, drawn,
were were systems systems these these of of development development further further regarding regarding conclusions conclusions the the tems, tems,
sys satellite satellite existing existing of of analysis analysis critical critical a a of of result result the the As As material. material.
literature literature wide wide of of basis basis the the on on developed developed been been have have problems problems first first two two The The
processing. processing. digital digital pictures pictures of of -Treating -Treating
satellites. satellites.
meteorological meteorological from from method, method, obtaining obtaining pictures pictures colour colour of of Development Development -
system. system. gridding gridding pictures pictures satellite satellite meteorological meteorological of of Development Development -
pictures. pictures. satellite satellite meteorological meteorological for for recorder recorder versatile versatile of of Development Development -
recording. recording. pictures pictures satellite satellite for for equipment equipment of of appreciation appreciation and and -Overview -Overview
systems. systems.
satellite satellite environmental environmental and and meteorological meteorological of of appreciation appreciation and and -Overview -Overview
considered: considered: been been have have problems problems following following the the 6. 6. dissertation dissertation the the In In : : Abstract Abstract
5. 5. Poland Poland Management, Management, Water Water and and Meteorology Meteorology of of Institute Institute : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Kibinski Kibinski Maria Maria Jacek Jacek : : Author Author
3· 3· English English in in abstract abstract available available is is Polish, Polish, paper paper the the which which in in Languages Languages
International International
Microfilm Microfilm 2. 2. publication publication University University of of to to Name Name provided provided is is Abstract Abstract Dissertation. Dissertation.
pictures. pictures. satellite satellite paper paper meteorological meteorological the the of of of of Title Title 1. 1. recording recording and and Receiving Receiving
l l POLAND POLAND
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Poland Poland
WrocZaw, WrocZaw, 50-370 50-370 27, 27, Wyspiariskiego Wyspiariskiego Wybrzeze Wybrzeze ul, ul,
7. 7. CY6wna CY6wna availability availability of of Biblioteka Biblioteka Source Source Wroclawska, Wroclawska, Politechnika Politechnika
tables, tables, enclosed enclosed eight eight in in presented presented
and and determined determined were were percentages, percentages, in in relationships, relationships, individual individual
of of probabilities probabilities investigation, investigation, the the of of results results the the on on Based Based
compiled" compiled" were were condition condition weather weather of of elements elements listed listed the the and and
distinguishable distinguishable easily easily are are structure, structure, distinct distinct without without clouds clouds
of of banks banks vortexes, vortexes, - clouds clouds of of spirals spirals cloud, cloud, of of band band long long i.e. i.e.
systems, systems, cloud cloud of of types types essential essential three three between between relationships relationships the the
results results the the of of basis basis the the On On investigated, investigated, were were analyses analyses synoptic synoptic
and and data data observational observational corresponding corresponding and and 1968-1973, 1968-1973, Period Period the the for for
pictures pictures APT APT relevant relevant the the from from obtained obtained were were seas seas adjacent adjacent the the and and
region region European European the the in in analyses analyses picture picture cloud cloud purpOse, purpOse, this this For For
displacement, displacement, cyclone cyclone of of direction direction and and speed speed and and cyclones cyclones of of stages stages
development development precipitation, precipitation, of of area area features, features, and and development development
their their fronts, fronts, of of position position the the of of - pictures pictures APT APT on on based based - ment ment
establish the the of of possibility possibility the the investigate investigate to to arose arose need need the the
spectrum spectrum of of band band visible visible in in taken taken systems systems cloud cloud of of pictures pictures
satellite satellite meteorological meteorological of of utilization utilization practical practical the the For For : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Poland Poland Management, Management, Water Water and and Meteorology Meteorology of of Institute Institute : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
Reutt Reutt F. F. and and
z. z. Makarewicz Makarewicz Bojaszewska, Bojaszewska, J. J. Bielak, Bielak, M. M. Rafajowski, Rafajowski, S. S. Authors Authors 4. 4.
English English and and Russian Russian
in in summaries summaries with with Polish, Polish, available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Languages Languages J, J,
1977 1977 6-19, 6-19, Warsaw Warsaw 13, 13, p. p. no. no.
Wodnej Wodnej Gospodarki Gospodarki i i Meteorologii Meteorologii Instytutu Instytutu Prace Prace publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
Forecasting. Forecasting. Meteorological Meteorological Routine Routine for for
Pictures Pictures Satellite Satellite of of Utilization Utilization and and Interpretation Interpretation paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
POLAND POLAND 2 2 SWITZERLAND l
1. Title of the paper Comparison of satellite pictures of snow cover and snow line with aerial pictures and ground information.
2. Name of publication Thesis, Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available German
4. Author H.-P. Stirnemann
5. Affiliation : Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich
6. Abstract : The purpose of this study was the automatic mapping of a large snow covered area in the mountains with digital multi-spectral data from the earth-resourcessatellite LANDSAT-2 with special reference to the snow line. In order to test the method applied, surface checking at the snow line was done at the time the satellite pictures were taken.At the same time, pic tures from the air were taken along two flight paths in the research are~ As an example, in an alpine area of 2712 km2 in the Swiss Canton GRISONS, the snow area was determined in its differing exposures to the sun on 22 April 1975. A PPD-Algorithm was used. In this connexion, it became clear that the channels 2 and 4 could well be used for classifying the types of surface: snow, snow line and picture background. The accuracy of the digital determination of the snow area depends on the selection of random tests. Evaluation of the surface checks shows that pictures taken from the air can be replaced by terrestrial photography. It would be dif ficult, however, to establish a collection of random tests which are generally valid since the properties of the melting snow change to a cer tain extent, Interactive possibilities of intervention permit, however, on the screen a rapid adaption of the class boundaries to the changed conditions. To check the accuracy of the classification, picture sections from the satellite picture classification were compared with the corresponding sections of the aerial pictures on the same date. With digital methods, the areas of snow, snow line and picture background have been calculated and compared for both sorts of pictures. The results show that the snow area in the digital classification is 5.6% too large in relation to the total area as compared with the pictures taken from the air. On the other hand, the picture background is represented as 2.5% too small. These deviations are within the accuracy of the instruments,
7. Source of availability Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material 2 SWITZERLAND
l. Title of the paper Automated separation of snow and clouds in satellite pictures (based on SKYLAB multispectral data)
2. Name of publication Thesis, Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich, 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available German
4. .Author R. Muri
5. Affiliation : Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich
6. Abstract : The purpose of the research work was to discuss the question of sepera ting clouds and snow, which is important for the snow-mapping project, Skylab data were used and adequate spectral channels selected. The 13 channels of the multi-spectral scanner, which cover a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from UV to the far infrared, offer a good basis for discussion. The region Zermatt-Gornergrat-Mt. Rosa was selected as tes.t area. The proper interpretation of the data from the magnetic tapes was done with a so-called 11 supervised 11 method. The whole working process consists of 4 steps as follows: The first step included preliminary data processing. The tape data have to be made computer-compatible. From spectral curves of the main catego ries, the spectral channels 0.46-0.Sl_.u.m, 0.78-0.88,..wn and 1.55-l.75,u..m were taken since they offer the best theoretical basis for a separation of snow, clouds and no snow areas. The second step concerned finding the random tests through which the whole data set was to be classified. The third step concerned the proper classificati.on of the selected ele ments of the landscape (29 categories grouped in 3 or 5 main categories). The random tests defined during the second step were combined to form categories &nd classified with the help of derived statistical material. Deterministic minimal distance and relationships parallelepiped algo rithms of classification (DCLASS, PPD, IBIS). The fourth step concerned the processing of the classified data. With the help of a photometric system, the results obtained could be prepared in map form. The results indicate that with the help of these Spectral channels a good separation of snow, clouds and no-snow areas is possible. In addition, important information could be obtained concerning the different program mes of classification.
7. Source of availability Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost. 8, 8,
Switzerland Switzerland
7. 7. Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of availability availability Institute Institute of of Source Source
presented. presented. are are band band ozone ozone GHz GHz 101,7 101,7 the the for for results results observational observational
new new and and discussed discussed are are tions tions
oondi oondi measurement measurement different different for for
window
) )
11
11
(atmospheric (atmospheric GHz GHz 200-250 200-250 range range frequency frequency the the for for spectra spectra Theoretical Theoretical
molecule. molecule. attached attached the the of of profile profile concentration concentration
the the determine determine to to used used be be can can factor factor band-form band-form observed observed an an of of analysis analysis ful ful
care hand, hand, other other the the On On profiles, profiles, concentration concentration the the on on assumptions assumptions from from
and and atmosphere atmosphere the the of of profiles profiles pressure pressure and and temperature temperature the the bandsj bandsj the the of of
mechanism mechanism broadening broadening the the molecules, molecules, the the of of data data spectral spectral the the from from culated culated
cal be be can can atmosphere atmosphere the the of of spectrum spectrum emission emission expected expected The The atmosphere. atmosphere.
earth's earth's the the in in molecules molecules these these of of ratio ratio mixing mixing the the determine determine to to used used be be
can can N20) N20) CO, CO, 03, 03, (e.g. (e.g. molecules molecules specific specific of of bands bands absorption absorption Micro-wave Micro-wave
Switzerland) Switzerland)
Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of (Institute (Institute Klinzi Klinzi K. K. J. J. and and Fulda Fulda
spectrosoopy. spectrosoopy. micro-wave micro-wave using using atmosphere atmosphere the the of of sounding sounding Remote Remote : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, 5. 5. Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Ktinzi Ktinzi K.F. K.F. and and Fulda Fulda : : J. J. Authors Authors
3. 3. German German paper paper available available is is the the which which in in Language Language
unpublished unpublished publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
scopy. scopy.
spectro micro-wave micro-wave using using atmosphere atmosphere the the of of paper paper the the sounding sounding of of Remote Remote Title Title l. l.
3 3 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Switzerland Switzerland
1· 1· Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of availability availability Institute Institute of of Source Source
cussed. cussed.
dis are are version, version, geo·stationary geo·stationary the the and and orbiting orbiting level level low low the the sions, sions,
ver satellite-borne satellite-borne Two Two respectively. respectively. m/sec m/sec 2 2 and and m m 10 10 about about of of cies cies
accura with with structuring structuring landsurface landsurface characteristic characteristic and and motion motion wave wave sea sea
sea, sea, and and land land over over precipitation precipitation investigating investigating of of possibility possibility the the offers offers
Hz) Hz) lOO lOO about about (resolution (resolution broadening broadening Doppler Doppler and and shift shift Doppler Doppler the the of of
and and nsec) nsec) 30 30 (resolution (resolution delay delay pulse pulse the the of of analysis analysis simultaneous simultaneous Abstract Abstract The The 6. 6.
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University- 5. 5. Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Schanda Schanda E. E. Author Author
3. 3. available available is is English English paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1976 1976 Roma Roma Spazio, Spazio, sullo sullo Convegno Convegno 16. 16. publication publication of of Proceedings Proceedings Name Name 2. 2.
radar, radar, Doppler Doppler delay delay borne borne
space a a precipitation precipitation by by and and paper paper the the sea-state sea-state of of of of Title Title mapping mapping l. l. Synoptic Synoptic
4 4 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
Zurich Zurich Meteorology, Meteorology, of of Institute Institute Swiss Swiss
and and Berne Berne of of University University Physics, Physics, 7. 7. Applied Applied of of Insitute Insitute availability availability of of Source Source
mean mean the the of~3°C. of~3°C. about about racy racy
accu arms arms with with
tropopause, tropopause, and and troposphere troposphere the the for for
found found is is 0 0 sev9ral sev9ral
0
of of error error mean mean A A Europe. Europe. Western Western over over data data radiosonde radiosonde using using levels, levels,
pressure pressure 6 6 at at temperatures temperatures derived derived manually manually with with compared compared are are NEMS, NEMS,
spectrometer spectrometer microwave microwave NIMBUS-5 NIMBUS-5 the the of of channels channels oxygen oxygen 3 3 the the taken taken by by
measurements measurements the the from from determined determined profiles profiles temperature temperature atmospheric atmospheric The The : : 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Zurich Zurich Meteorology, Meteorology, of of
Institute Institute Swiss Swiss and and Berne Berne of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of 5. 5. Institute Institute : : Affiliation Affiliation
C.B. C.B. Ruchti Ruchti and and A.G. A.G. 4. 4. Piaget Piaget K.F., K.F., Ktinzi Ktinzi : : Authors Authors
English English available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1976 1976 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, COSPAR, COSPAR, XIX XIX
Space, Space, from from Observations Observations Meteorological Meteorological on on C-Symposium C-Symposium publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
data. data. (NEMS) (NEMS) spectrometer spectrometer microwave microwave NIMBUS-5 NIMBUS-5 from from derived derived
profile profile temperature temperature atmospheric atmospheric terrestrial terrestrial the the of of paper paper the the accuracy accuracy of of The The Title Title l. l.
5 5 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, Cost, Cost, if if 8, 8,
Switzerland Switzerland
Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
data. data. SMMR SMMR the the from from parameters parameters snow snow determine determine to to matrix matrix
inversion inversion an an establish establish to to hope hope we we Eventually, Eventually, temperature). temperature). equivalent, equivalent,
water water structure, structure, (e.g. (e.g. parameters parameters snow snow with with signatures signatures these these correlate correlate
and and 1977-78 1977-78 and and 1976-77 1976-77 seasons seasons the the during during cm) cm) 0.3 0.3 - 30. 30. (wavelength (wavelength GHz GHz
100 100 - 1 range range the the in in signaturPS signaturPS microwave microwave snow snow determine determine will will We We data. data.
truth truth ground ground reliable reliable obtain obtain to to Davos) Davos) (Weissfluhjoch, (Weissfluhjoch, (SLF) (SLF) Research Research
Avalanche Avalanche and and Snow Snow for for Institute Institute Federal Federal Swiss Swiss the the with with experiment experiment joint joint
a a in in engaged engaged presently presently is is institute institute Our Our - interpretation. interpretation. data data satellite satellite
successful successful for for required required are are models models snow snow better better and and data data microwave microwave More More
snow, snow, wet wet for for content content water water liquid liquid by by and and snow snow dry dry for for scattering scattering volume volume
by by governed governed is is depth depth penetration penetration that that show show [4,5] [4,5] measurements measurements Preliminary Preliminary
snow-height. snow-height. total total the the to to comparable comparable be be must must wave wave electromagnetic electromagnetic the the
of of depth depth penetration penetration the the layer, layer, snow snow a a of of information information obtain obtain to to order order In In
1978. 1978. in in launched launched be be to to satellite, satellite, NIMBUS-G NIMBUS-G the the
of of board board on on (SMMR) (SMMR) radiometer radiometer microwave microwave multi-channel multi-channel scanning scanning the the from from
available available become become will will GHz) GHz) 37.0 37.0 - 6.6 6.6 frequencies: frequencies: (five (five data data microwave microwave
Improved Improved ). ). [2,3j [2,3j satellites satellites -6 -6 and and NIMBUS-5 NIMBUS-5 on on spectrometers spectrometers microwave microwave
, , [1] [1] (Edger}_on (Edger}_on land land over over cover cover snow snow monitor monitor to to used used be be can can clouds, clouds,
penetrate penetrate to to ability ability its its with with radiometry radiometry microwave microwave Passive Passive forecast. forecast.
weather weather long-term long-term and and climatology climatology for for importance importance great great of of is is valent) valent)
equi
water water (e.g. (e.g. parameters parameters snow snow and and cover cover s-now s-now of of determination determination The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
K.F. K.F. KUnzi KUnzi and and R. R. Hofer Hofer 4. 4. : : Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in 3. 3. Language Language
1976 1976 Interlaken, Interlaken,
Biometeor., Biometeor.,
and and
Meteorology Meteorology Mountain Mountain on on Meeting Meeting Scient. Scient. Joint Joint publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
meters, meters,
spectra microwave microwave passive passive with with land land over over snowcover snowcover paper paper Monitoring Monitoring the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 6 6 S\ifiTZERLAND 7
l, Title of the paper Microwave limb-sounding of strata- and mesosphere
2. Name of publication Atmospheric Physics from Spacelab, J.J. Burger et al. (eds), Reidel Publishing camp., 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Schanda E., Fulde J. and KUnzi K, F.
5. ~ffiliation : Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract
7. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material 8 SWITZERLAND
l, Title of the paper The use of microwave spectroscopy in atmospheric remote-sensing
2. Name of publication I.AMAP Ozone Commission Meeting, Dresden, 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Fulde J. and KUnzi K.F.
5. Affiliation ; Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract
7. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
s. Cost, if any, to provide the material S\/ITZERLAND 9
1. Title of the paper On the detectability of various constituents in the earth's atmosphere, using passive microwave remote sensing.
2. Name of publication Symposium on Radiation in the Atmosphere, Garmisch-Parten kirchen, 1976
3· Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Fulde J. and KUnzi K.F.
5. Af,filiation : Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract
?. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
s. s. material material the the provide provide if if to to any, any, Cost, Cost,
Switzerland Switzerland
7. 7. Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute availability availability of of Source Source
Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, 5. 5. Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. E. E. Schanda Schanda and and K.F. K.F. KUnzi KUnzi : : Authors Authors
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1976 1976 Lab,, Lab,, Denmark, Denmark,
Sensing Sensing Remote Remote of of Association Association European European publication publication the the of of of of Name Name Meeting Meeting Const. Const. 2. 2.
Switzerland Switzerland
]erne, ]erne, of of University University the the at at paper paper sensing sensing the the of of remote remote Title Title microwave microwave Passive Passive l. l.
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 10 10 S\/ITZERLAND ll
l. Title of the paper Passive microwave observations of snow and ice from space.
2. Name of publication First general assembly of European Association of Hemote Sensing Lab., Strasbourg, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is avail~ble English
4. Author K.F. Ktinzi
5. Affiliation : Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract : A review of recent passive microwave remote-sensing experiments (PMR) on Nimbus-5 and 6 satellites will be presented. Special emphasis will be put on results obtained from the microwave spectrometers NEMS and SCAMS of polar snow and ice cover. In a second part of the review the planned PMR experiments on Nimbus-G (SMMR) and Spacelab (SIMS) will be presented and the existing involvement of European scientists in the application and validation of the obtained da,ta discussed.
7. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, University of ]erne, Switzerland
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
Switzerland Switzerland
]erne, ]erne, of of
University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
presented. presented. are are GHz GHz 36 36 and and 21 21 4, 4, 10.5, 10.5, 9, 9, at at radiometers radiometers the the
with with obtained obtained
investigation investigation our our of of month month first first the the of of results results Preliminary Preliminary
sensors. sensors. these these by by
obtained obtained
maps maps
snow snow
large-scale large-scale of of interpretation interpretation the the for for and and sensors sensors snow snow borne borne
space and and
air- of of payloads payloads microwave microwave the the of of optimization optimization the the for for snow snow
of of
properties properties radiative radiative microwave microwave the the on on knowledge knowledge required required the the
achieve achieve
to to
is is
study study this this of of purpose purpose The The investigation. investigation. under under are are season season whole whole
the the
during during
snow-cover snow-cover the the of of development development of of stages stages All All site. site. test test alpine alpine
high-altitude high-altitude
a a at at started started been been has has conditions conditions controlled controlled under under behaviour behaviour
scatter scatter and and
emission emission microwave microwave
the the on on programme programme observational observational long-term long-term : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Switzerland Switzerland
Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
R. R. Hofer Hofer and and 4. 4. E, E, Schanda Schanda : : Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
1977 1977
Arbor, Arbor, Ann Ann
Envir., Envir., of of
Sensing Sensing Remote Remote Symp, Symp, Intern, Intern, 11th 11th Proc. Proc. publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
snow, snow, of of investigations investigations multispectral multispectral Microwave Microwave paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 12 12
s. s. material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost,
Switzerland Switzerland
7. 7. Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, availability availability of of Applied Applied of of Source Source Institute Institute
undertaken. undertaken.
presently presently are are network network truth truth ground ground European European a a organizing organizing and and microwaves, microwaves,
at at signatures signatures snow snow on on Investigations Investigations regions. regions. selected selected of of cover cover snow snow
the the of of determination determination the the is is experiment experiment SMMR SMMR Nimbus-G Nimbus-G the the in in share share Our Our
GHz. GHz. 230 230 at at CO-line CO-line the the for for receiver receiver the the be be will will
2
contribution contribution Our Our ClO ClO others. others. CO, CO, and and 0, 0, H as as 0~, 0~, constituents constituents of of ties ties
densi and and temperature temperature of of kms kms lOO lOO about about to to up up profiling profiling are: are: jectives jectives
ob scientific scientific the the Among Among mission. mission. Spacelab Spacelab a a for for Oxford Oxford of of University University
the the and and Pasadena, Pasadena, Labs, Labs, Propulsion Propulsion Jet Jet wiht wiht together together preparation preparation in in
is is (MIMSE) (MIMSE) experiment experiment stratospheric stratospheric and and mesospheric mesospheric A A 6. 6. microwave-infrared microwave-infrared : : Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland 5. 5. Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. R. R. Hofer Hofer and and K.F. K.F. Ktinzi Ktinzi E., E., Schanda Schanda : : Authors Authors
3. 3. available available is is English English paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1977 1977 Saint-Maude/Paris, Saint-Maude/Paris,
en en satellites satellites des des t~l~d~tection, t~l~d~tection, utilisation utilisation sur sur 2. 2. GDTA GDTA publication publication of of Cell. Cell. Name Name
Nimbus-G Nimbus-G and and Spacelab Spacelab for for paper paper experiments experiments the the of of Title Title Microwave Microwave l. l.
13 13 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 14 SWITZERLAND
l. Title of the paper Signature of snow in the 5 to 94 GHz range.
2. Name of publication URSI Commission-F Meeting, La Baule, France, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Refer R. and Schanda E,
5. Affiliation : Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract : A long-term observational programme of the microwave emission and scat tering behaviour of snow under quasi-controlled conditions was started recently on a high altitude alpine test site, Results of the first set of measurements, carried out with five radiometers at frequencies of 4.9 GHz, 10.5 GHz, 21 GHz, 36 GHz, and 94 GHz, are reported and prelimi nary interpretations are given. The spectral reversal of the brightness temperature and its dependence on look angle and polarization provides a means to distinguish between different snow states and to estimate the wetness factors of the surface layer of the snow pack. From an electro magnetic scattering standpoint, snow cover is an excellent medium to study volume scattering.
7. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Switzerland Switzerland Zurich, Zurich, of of University University Geography, Geography, of of Dept. Dept. 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
resources. resources. water water snowpack snowpack
our our of of management management the the improve improve to to thus, thus, and, and, forecasts forecasts runoff runoff snowmelt snowmelt
improve improve to to systems systems satellite satellite current current using using for for potentials potentials high high are are there there
that that evident evident is is It It methods. methods. collection collection data data conventional conventional for for ibility ibility
access little little and and period, period, snowmelt snowmelt the the during during clouds clouds few few cover, cover, forest forest
density density moderate moderate to to low low having having world world the the of of areas areas in in applicable applicable most most be be
to to seem seem data data Landsat Landsat methods. methods. prediction prediction and and management management water water operational operational
the the to to adjunct adjunct promising promising a a is is coverage coverage snow snow of of determination determination satellite satellite
that that show show results results Early Early models. models. these these in in tested tested being being are are data data area area vered vered
snowco Landsat-derived Landsat-derived prediction. prediction. streamflow streamflow for for inputs inputs area area covered covered
snow require require models models hydrologic hydrologic numerical numerical several several now now Even Even accumulated. accumulated.
been been have have data data of of years years enough enough after after parameter parameter index index additional additional an an as as ods ods
meth prediction prediction runoff runoff empirical empirical into into incorporated incorporated be be could could area area covered covered
snow that that indicate indicate strongly strongly results results the the watershed, watershed, zone zone snow snow individual individual
an an for for relationship relationship meaningful meaningful a a derive derive to to insufficient insufficient are are data data Landsat Landsat
resolution resolution high high of of years years 2-3 2-3 Although Although streamflow. streamflow. seasonal seasonal of of expressions expressions
various various to to related related significantly significantly statistically statistically is is area area snowcovered snowcovered that that
shown shown have have studies studies several several that that fact fact the the is is importance importance more more perhaps perhaps Of Of
future. future. the the available available in in is is 1.55-l.75JUm 1.55-l.75JUm channel, channel, spectral spectral proper proper the the when when
techniques techniques automated automated using using overcome overcome be be may may clouds clouds from from snow snow distinguishing distinguishing
of of problem problem persistent persistent the the Even Even observations. observations. snowcover snowcover satellite satellite of of use use
operational operational for for information information maximum maximum provide provide will will specialist, specialist, applications applications
remote-sensing remote-sensing skilled skilled a a with with teamed teamed when when system, system, processing processing digital digital ve ve
interacti highly highly a a that that believed believed is is It It appropriate. appropriate. most most be be may may niques niques
tech digital digital automated automated basis, basis, repetitive repetitive regular regular a a on on conducted conducted be be must must
surveys surveys the the and and available available are are facilities facilities computational computational surveyed, surveyed, be be must must
watersheds watersheds numerous numerous when when hand, hand, other other the the On On time. time. short short a a in in results results
area area snowcovered snowcovered acceptable acceptable produces produces and and training, training, interpreter interpreter little little
requires requires inexpensive, inexpensive, is is it it because because preferred preferred is is photointerpretation photointerpretation ual ual
man situations, situations, mapping mapping snow snow simple simple for for Generally, Generally, available. available. cilities cilities
fa and and experience, experience, remote-sensing remote-sensing existing existing time, time, turn-around turn-around accuracy, accuracy,
required required of of basis basis the the on on selected selected be be should should method method appropriate appropriate most most The The
methods. methods. digital digital automated automated to to photointerpretation photointerpretation simple simple from from ranging ranging
available available are are data data the the analysing analysing for for techniques techniques Several Several areas. areas. sive sive
exten more more much much cover cover to to used used be be can can and and hazardous, hazardous, and and expensive expensive less less
surveys, surveys, aircraft aircraft as as accurate accurate as as are are VHRR, VHRR, NOAA NOAA cases cases certain certain in in and and sat, sat,
Land from from measurements measurements area area snowcovered snowcovered that that investigations investigations of of number number a a
of of results results the the from from evident evident is is It It area, area, snowcovered snowcovered watershed watershed of of ments ments
measure acquiring acquiring for for means means timely timely and and efficient efficient an an provided provided time, time, first first
the the for for has, has, satellites satellites resources resources earth earth of of advent advent The The resource. resource. water water
valuable valuable this this of of use use better better make make help help therefore therefore can can predictions predictions runoff runoff
snowmelt snowmelt Improved Improved navigation. navigation. and and recreation, recreation, control, control, flood flood rigation, rigation,
ir power, power, hydroelectric hydroelectric to to regard regard in in factor factor economic economic as as well well as as logic, logic,
hydro important important an an is is snowmelt snowmelt from from runoff runoff world world the the of of parts parts many many In In : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Zurich Zurich of of University University Geography, Geography, qf qf Dept. Dept. A., A., Range Range K., K., Itten Itten : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
K. K. Itten Itten and and A. A. Range Range : : 4. 4. Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in 3. 3. Language Language
i976 i976 December December Hydrology, Hydrology, Nordic Nordic publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
prediction. prediction.
runoff runoff
and and
monitoring monitoring
snowcover snowcover in in potentials potentials Satellite Satellite paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
15 15 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 16 SWITZERLAND l. Title of the paper : Snow studies by satellites in Switzerland.
2. Name of publication International Seminar on Snow Studies by Satellites, WMO, Geneva, 18-22.10.1976 3· Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors: Haefner H., Itten K., Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland
5. Affiliation: Haefner H., Itten K., Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich
6. Abstract : In Switzerland, about 40% of the total streamflow stems from snowmelt, while for a typical alpine watershed like the Dischma Valley near Davos, the figu re increaseS to as much a·s 60%. To efficiently use the snowmel t runoff, up to now, estimation techniques were used for the prediction of estimated meltwater. By con ventional means these predictions are based on a day to day calculation technique. Remote sensing would offer more adequate means for aerial surveying of such a big mountain system, but in Switzerland, where the hydropower regulation and pre diction is the main drive for these studies, the cost of aerial surveys are still not justified. With the weather satellites a new era in snow research began. Today, with the multispectral earth resources satellite imagery,the research efforts were increased considerably. The Department of Geography of the University of ZUrich conducted experi ments on the spectral properties of snow with an Exotech-100 ERTS radiometer. Up to now the results show that two main groups namely 11 old snow 11 and 11 fresh snow 11 are presumably discernible using the 4 channels of Landsat, The most important factors modifying the reflected radiances being grain form, snow depth, wetness, pollution of surface, roughness of surface, etc. With Skylab S-190 A photographs, a large area of the Swiss Alps from Mt. Blanc to St. Gotthard was mapped. With S-190 B photos the position of the snow line cOuld be located within+ 20 m. But the lack of repeatability precision with analogue methods led us to more intense research on digital techniques and so far the following problems were studied: Mapping of the snow-covered area independently of sun position, aspects and shadows with Landsat MSS data Exact mapping of the transition zone between the completely snow-covered and the snow-free areas, with Landsat MSS data Separation of snow, clouds and snowfree areas in high mountains considering the influence caused by the relief, using Skylab EREP MSS data, The following 3 channels were found to be best for the separation of the above-mentioned classes: 0.46- 0.51,wn I 0.18- o.ss,;wn I 1.55- L75).Lm It is therefore especially hoped that future earth observation satellites will carry an MSS with the additional 1.55- 1.75)lm channel
Separation of dry and wet snow, snow-covered and bare forest with sev~ral clas sifiers for a system evaluation. The systems used were Larsys-3, Stansort II and Image-lOO. As a result, it is believed that only a highly interactive, specially designed image processing system together with a skilled applications specialist can make the best use of satellites in the future.
1· Source of availability Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to B. B. any, any, if if Cost, Cost,
Switzerland Switzerland Zurich, Zurich, of of 7. 7. University University Geography, Geography, of of Department Department availability availability of of Source Source
requirement. requirement. weather weather all all
the the e.g. e.g. systems), systems), used used presently presently the the (in (in clouds clouds of of interference interference the the -
real-time real-time almost almost in in user user the the
to to platform) platform) satellite satellite and and ground ground (from (from data data the the of of communication communication the the -
are: are: solved solved be be to to problems problems important important most most The The
rainfall rainfall of of amount amount of of estimation estimation and and pattern pattern rainfall rainfall surveying surveying -
tion tion
pollu- on on system system measuring measuring early early including including quality, quality, water water of of analysis analysis -
discharges discharges and and velocities velocities streamflow streamflow -
thickness thickness ice ice -
snowpack snowpack of of content content water water and and snowmapping snowmapping -
are: are: conditions conditions European European to to capabilities capabilities sensor sensor
spaceborne spaceborne for for developed developed be be to to fields fields interesting interesting most most the the 6. 6. general, general, In In : : Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland Zurich, Zurich, of of University University Geography, Geography, 5. 5. of of Department Department : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. H. H. Haefner Haefner Author Author
3· 3· English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1976 1976 October October ESA-RSWG, ESA-RSWG, publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
resources. resources. water water on on applications applications
satellite satellite remote-sensing remote-sensing European European for for requirements requirements Mission Mission paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
17 17 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 18 SWITZERLAND
l, Title of the paper Measurement of snow and ice cover; Snowcover monitoring by aerial photographs and satellite data.
2. Name of publication Advanced Seminar on Remote Sensing Application in Agriculture and Hydrology, Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Haefner H.
5. Affiliation : Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland
6. Abstract : As shown from the various examples,mapping of the areal extent of the snowcover and an exact delineation of its transition zone can be under taken from satellite data in an automated procedure with high accuracy for areas of any shape. The remaining problem concerns primarily the cloud problem which cannot be overcome directly with optical scanner devices. A channel in the 1.55
to 1.75)Lrn region of the spectrum is essential. Then 1 with sufficient background information, also partially clouded scenes could be interpreted and the missing parts interpolated. Regarding a further evaluation of the conditions of the snow surface addi tional studies are needed, preferably by using LANDSAT-C data. For further mapping activities a combination of a low resolution data acquisition system with high repetition rate (NOAA-VHRR) together with a high resolution, low repetivity system (LANDSAT) should be carefully tested. For studies on snow depth and water equivalent further systematic studies with active microwave systems are indispensible.
7. Source of availability Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
7. 7. Zurich Zurich of of University University Geography, Geography, of of availability availability Department Department of of Source Source
population. population. the the of of ments ments
move with with correspondence correspondence in in and and areas, areas, built-up built-up the the in in changes changes recent recent
of of particular, particular, in in ground, ground, the the on on situation situation latest latest the the with with agencies agencies
planning planning provide provide to to applications applications these these towards towards directed directed is is therefore therefore work work
Research Research Switzerland. Switzerland. like like country country heterogeneous heterogeneous and and small small a a in in even even
purposes, purposes, planning planning regional regional for for interest interest great great of of be be will will data data Satellite Satellite
results. results. good good provide provide agencies agencies planning planning from from indices indices
population population standard standard and and settlements settlements of of extent extent areal areal of of Correlations Correlations
tions. tions.
investiga further further to to subject subject still still is is condition condition European European under under sizes sizes
different different of of settlements settlements of of zone zone fringe fringe the the of of delineation delineation exact exact The The
corrections. corrections. radiometric radiometric and and geometric geometric additional additional extending extending
by by achieved achieved be be can can It It detection. detection. change change for for operational operational truly truly system system
the the making making when when occur occur mapping mapping snow snow for for discussed discussed as as problems problems Similar Similar
successfully, successfully, demonstrated demonstrated be be could could maps maps thematic thematic scale scale small small of of tion tion
crea ·the ·the and and features features use use land land classifying classifying of of possibilities possibilities 6. 6. the the far, far, So So : : Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland Zurich, Zurich, of of 5. 5. University University Geography, Geography, of of Department Department : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. H. H. Haefner Haefner Author Author
3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the English English which which in in Language Language
NASA NASA to to Report Report publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
NASA. NASA. to to report report final final LANDSAT-2 LANDSAT-2
Switzerland; Switzerland; in in studies studies use use land land and and paper paper the the 1. 1. mapping mapping of of Snow Snow Title Title
19 19 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 20 SWITZERLAND
1. Title of the paper Snow and ice surfaces measured by the Nimbus-5 microwave spectrometer.
2. Name of publication J. of Geoph. Res., 81, 1976
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Ktinzi K.F., Fisher A. D., Staeling D. H. and Waters J.W.
5. Affiliation : KUnzi K.F., Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract : The 22.2- and 31.4-GHz channels of the microwave spectrometer on board the Nimbus-5 earth observatory satellite provide information about the global distribution and character of various types of snow and ice. Observations for the winter and summer of 1973 are presented for both polar regions. Well-defined spectral signatures are found for snow, sea ice, and land ice in Greenland and Antarctica. A simple model with sub surface temperature gradients in a lossy homogeneous dielectric does not account for the observations; internal scattering effects appear to play a dominant role.
7. Source of availability Institute of Applied Physics, Universi :.y of Berne
8. Cost. if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to if if any, any, Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
7. 7. Center Center Research Research Langley Langley NASA NASA availability availability of of Source Source
paper paper conference conference short short abstract, abstract, No No : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Germany Germany of of Republic Republic Federal Federal
2, 2, Munich Munich D-8000 D-8000 37, 37, Theresienstrasse Theresienstrasse 5. 5. Institut, Institut, Meteorologisches Meteorologisches : : Affiliation Affiliation
Quenzel Quenzel 4. 4. Heinrich Heinrich and and Peter Peter Koepke, Koepke, : : Authors Authors
English English 3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
TuB3-5 TuB3-5 bis bis TuB3-1 TuB3-1 1976, 1976, CP-2004, CP-2004, NASA NASA publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
orbit. orbit.
geosynchronous geosynchronous from from turbidity turbidity atmospheriC atmospheriC of of sensing sensing paper paper Remote Remote the the of of Title Title l. l.
21 21 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
2 2 material material the the provide provide to to if if any Cost. Cost. 8, 8,
Switzerland Switzerland
7- Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of availability availability Institute Institute of of Source Source
statistics. statistics. global global accumulate accumulate to to or or maps maps
global global construct construct to to used used be be can can measurements measurements quantitative quantitative These These ces. ces.
circumstan most most ~0.01 ~0.01 for for cm- g g
be be to to estimated estimated error error rms rms an an have have and and 2 2
, , cm- g g 0.2 0.2 to to -0.01 -0.01 from from range range zone zone observation observation km km 300 300 a a over over abundances abundances 2
water water liquid liquid Average Average cm cm g g by by radiosondes radiosondes
nearby nearby ~,0.4 ~,0.4 from from differ differ and and
2
cm- 6 g g 6 to to up up range range vapour vapour abundan_ce~ water water Observed Observed ocean. ocean. over over ces ces
water water liquid liquid and and abund~n vapour vapour water water atmospheric atmospheric measure measure that that channels channels
two two has has satellite satellite Nimbus-5 Nimbus-5 the the on on spectrometer spectrometer microwave microwave passive passive The The 6. 6. : : Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland
Berne, Berne, of of 5. 5. University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute K.F., K.F., KUnzi KUnzi Affiliation: Affiliation:
J.W. J.W. Waters Waters
and and R.W. R.W. Wilcox Wilcox 4. 4. R.K.L., R.K.L., Poon Poon R.L., R.L., Pettyjohn Pettyjohn K.F., K.F., Kiinzi Kiinzi H., H., D. D. Authors Authors Staelin Staelin
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
i976 i976 15, 15, Meteor., Meteor., Applied Applied of of J. J. publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
spectrometer. spectrometer. microwave microwave Nimbus-5 Nimbus-5 the the with with
water water liquid liquid and and vapour vapour water water atmospheric atmospheric of of sensing sensing Remote Remote paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 22 22
material material the the provide provide to to s. s. any, any, if if Cost. Cost.
1977 1977 Lausanne, Lausanne, F8d8rale, F8d8rale, Polytechnique Polytechnique Ecole Ecole
rural, rural,
·Genie ·Genie de de tut tut 'Insti 'Insti 1 1 par par organis8es organis8es 8tudes 8tudes d' d' Journ8es Journ8es ?. ?. availability availability of of Source Source
paper paper short short abstract, abstract, No No : : 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, Applied Applied of of Institute Institute : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. F. F. K. K. Kiinzi Kiinzi Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
Lausanne,l977 Lausanne,l977 F8d8rale, F8d8rale, Polytechnique Polytechnique Ecole Ecole
rural, rural, G8nie G8nie
de de tut tut Insti Insti 1' 1' par par c.rgarusees c.rgarusees etudes etudes d' d' Journ8es Journ8es publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
sensing. sensing. remote remote Microwave Microwave paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
23 23 SWB'ZERLAND SWB'ZERLAND 24 SWITZERLAND
1. Title of the paper Atmospheric water vapour and liquid water contents, measured with passive microwave sensors.
2. Name of publication Contribution to Summer School Alpbach, Austria, 1977
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Klinzi K.F.
5. Affiliation : Institute of Applied Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland
6. Abstract : No abstract, short paper
7. Source o·f availability Austrian Space and Solar Agency, Vienna
a. Cost 1 if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
paper paper short short abstract, abstract, No No : : 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Switzerland Switzerland Berne, Berne, of of University University Physics, Physics, 5. 5. Applied Applied of of Institute Institute ; ; Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. J. J. Fulde Fulde and and K.F. K.F. KUnzi KUnzi : : Authors Authors
English English available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1976 1976 Dresden, Dresden, Meeting, Meeting, Commission Commission Ozone Ozone IAMAP IAMAP publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
research. research. ozone ozone for for
tool tool new new a a atmosphere atmosphere earth earth the the of of probing probing microwave microwave paper paper the the Passive Passive of of Title Title 1. 1.
25 25 SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
Cost, Cost, any, any, to to if if provide provide the the material material 8. 8.
7· 7· Austrian Austrian Solar Solar and and Space Space Agency, Agency, Vienna Vienna Source Source of of availability availability
Abstract Abstract : : No No abstract, abstract, short short paper paper 6. 6.
Affiliation Affiliation : : Institute Institute of of Applied Applied Physics, Physics, University University of of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Switzerland 5. 5.
4. 4. Schanda Schanda Author Author E. E.
English English 3. 3. Language Language paper paper in in which which the the is is available available
Proceedings Proceedings Summer Summer School School Alpbach, Alpbach, Austria, Austria, 1976 1976 Name Name of of publication publication 2. 2.
Snow Snow cover cover and and soil soil moisture moisture microwave microwave sensing. sensing. by by Title Title of of the the paper paper L L
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND 26 26 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND l
l. Title of the paper Some results of ·:-he interpretation of high resolution imagery data from NOAA spacecraft.
2. Name of publication Weather (Royal Meteorological Society), Vol. J2, l977, pp. 208-2l6.
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author P.R.S. Salter
5, Affiliation : U,K, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks,
6, Abstract : Describes a method of obtaining sea surface temperatures from high-resolution satellite imagery data and compares the results with ship observations,
7o Source of availability Royal Meteorological Society, James Glaisher House, Grenville Place, Bracknell, Berks. RG12 lEX.
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material Annual subscription £6,00. 2 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT_BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
L Title of the paper Drift observations from Nimbus VI satellite-tracked buoys in the southwestern Indian Oceano
2, Name of publication Deep Sea Research, Oxford, Vol. 24, 1977, pp. 903-1913
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author M.L. Grundlingh
5. Affiliation : National Research Institute for Oceanology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Congella 4013, South Africa.
6. Abstract : From the current velocities provided by the drift of spar buoys in the northern Mo9ambique Basin and the Agulhas Current area between 23°8 and J6°S and vertical hydrographic sections made in the vicinity, the East Madagascar Current seems to be a quasi continuous surface source ~f the Agulhas Curr~Jl.t in Spring, with current speeds up to 89cms , averaging J5.cms between 27 August and 13 October, 1975. Several large scale eddies appeared as the main features of the buoys' drift. Evidence was found of solitary cyclonic eddies in the Mo9ambique Basin and hydrographic results indicate a volume transport of 11 x 106m3s-1 within llOkm from the centre of one of the eddies. The drift track of a buoy between the South African coast and the Mo9ambique Ridge indicated the existence of an anticyclonir_ gyre of - 200km diameter with an average sur~ace speed of 70cms- • The maximum buoy drift speed in the Agulhas Current of 260cms-l was confirmed by shipborne current measurements.
7. Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford. OXJ OBW.
8, Cost, if any, to provide the material Annual subscription $145.00, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND J
1. Title of the paper Global behavioUl' of ozone and stratospheric tempera tures from satellite measurements during J2nuary 1971.
2, Name of publication Space Research XVII, 1977, pp. 103-110.
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author A.. Ghazi
5o Affiliation : Institut fUr Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universitat zu Koln, Koln, F.R.G.
6. Abstract : Nimbus 4 observations of ozone by the Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument and stratospheric temperatures deduced from Selective Chopper Radiometer measurements are comparatively discussed" Global mean monthly maps of total ozone and ozone amount between the 10 and 1 mb levels are presented together with maps of lower and upper stratospheric temperatures to reveal the interaction between them. Observational evidence is given of planetary wave activity influencing the meridional structure of ozonal mean ozone and temperature distribution during a stratospheric warming in the northern hemisphere.
7. Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, OXJ OBW.
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material Complete volume £69.50. 4 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
L Title of the paper Satellite temperature measurements in the 40-90km region by the pressure modulator radiometer,
2, Name of publication Space Research XVII, 1977, pp. 111-115.
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author M.D. Austen and others.
5. Affiliation Department of Atmospheric Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford.
6. Abstract Nimbus 6 carries the Pressure Modulator Radiometer which measures thermal emission from carbon dioxide at 15 microns and thereby sounds temperature. The weighting function is continuously vax·iable with height, but the measurements relate essentially to three independent layers 15-20km thick centred at about 42km, 62km and 85km. Daily g·lobal coverage has been obtained for these levels since launch in June 1975. Data for a lOkm thick layer centred at about 46km were also obtained for several months. The paper briefly describes the results obtained. A sequence of maps are given for 7 February 1976 when a particularly large amplitude wave was observed near the mesopause. Nimbus 5 Selective Chopper Radiometer data are also given to show the temperature field in the lower stratosphere and initial results show that in winter planetary waves continue to tilt westward with increasing height as far as the mesopause, while the maximum amplitude occurs near the stratopause.
7. Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford. OXJ OBW,
8. Cost 2 if any, to provide the material Complete volume £69.50. UNITED KINGDOM OF GREA~ BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 5
1. Title of the paper Density and comr0sition of the neutral atmosphere at 140km from Atmosphere Explorer C satellite data.
2, Name of publication Space Research XVII, 1977, pp. 321-327.
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4, Author F.A. Marcos and others,
5, Affiliation : Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFSC), Bedford, Mass., UoS.A"
6. Abstract : Lower thermosphere measurements were routinely obtained down to altitudes below 140km by the Atmosphere Explorer (AE-C) satellite during the period April through November 1974. Over 700 density values obtained by the miniature electrostatic accelerometer (MESA) at 140km have been analysed. The average value of these results is in good agreement with recent models. Significant short term enhancements with density increases up to so% above model predictions are also observed, These variations frequently occur during periods of high Kp values, and are more pronounced at higher latitudes. Mass density values have been derived by adding the densities of individual atmospheric constituents measured by the Open Source Spectrometer (oss) on AE-C. These data have been compared with the MESA densities. Results from the two sensors show excellent agreement.
7o Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, OXJ OBW,
8, Cost, if any, to provide the material Complete volume £69.50. 6 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BR:[TAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
L Title of the paper Correlative satellite measurements of atmospheric mass density by accelerometers, mass spectrometers and ionization gauges.
2. Name of publication Space Research XVII, 1977, PP• 329-JJlJ.,
J. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author F.A. Marcos, C.R. Philbrick and C,J, Rice
5. Affiliation : Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFSC), Bedford, Mass., U.S.A.
6. Abstract : A complement of experiments to monitor atmospheric density was flown as part of the payload of an Air Force research satellite. This paper describes neutral gas mass densities as measured by the following instruments on this satellite: an electrostatic accelerometer, an RF quadrupole mass spectrometer and a cold cathode ionization gauge. Mass den si ties- are determined from aerodynamic drag as recorded by the accelerometer, from summation of the densities of atmospheric constituents directly sampled by the mass spectrometer and from ambient pressure measurements by the ionization gauge operated simultaneously. Results obtained during 1974 between 160 and 250km altitude were studied to compare the absolute densities obtained by the different methods. The results agree within experimental error, although there is some evidence that a systematic height dependence exists,
7. Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford. OXJ OBW.
8, Cost, if any. to provide the material Complete volume £69,50
£69.50. £69.50. volume volume Complete Complete material material the the provide provide to to anY. anY. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
OBW. OBW. OXJ OXJ Oxford. Oxford.
Hall, Hall, Hill Hill Headington Headington 7. 7. Press, Press, Pergamon Pergamon availability availability of of Source Source
effects. effects. pressure pressure radiation radiation and and densities densities total total ing ing
concern presented presented are are results results first first The The studied. studied. also also are are tude tude
longi with with variations variations Density Density 400km. 400km. of of altitude altitude mean mean the the near near
analysed analysed and and estimated estimated be be can can density density air air total total the the of of height height
scale scale the the characteristics, characteristics, orbital orbital these these with with 1270km; 1270km; is is height height
apogee apogee the the 270km; 270km; is is orbit orbit the the of of height height perigee perigee The The forces. forces.
drag drag the the with with compared compared altitude, altitude, this this above above important important become become
600km 600km below below modelled modelled be be always always can can which which forces, forces, These These meter. meter.
accelero low-g low-g the the of of sphere sphere the the on on induced induced charge charge electrostatic electrostatic
the the and and prGssure prGssure radiation radiation to to due due those those as as such such forces forces tional tional
ta non-gravi non-gravi of of _action _action the the from from arises arises 600km 600km of of height height limiting limiting
The The . . ms- 10- for for O.J% O.J%
about about of of accuracy accuracy estimated estimated an an and and
2
2.8s 2.8s of of period period sampli4g sampli4g a a with with altitude altitude 600km 600km about about to to up up tained tained
ob be be can can densitives densitives Atmospheric Atmospheric inclination, inclination, 30° 30° of of orbit orbit an an
1nto 1nto placed placed was was ) ) 9ms 9ms 10 10 (threshold (threshold ONERA ONERA built built by by accelerometer accelerometer
. . sensitive sensitive an an with with e~tre~~ly e~tre~~ly equipped equipped satellite satellite a a 1975 1975 May May In In Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
France. France. Grasse, Grasse, Astronomiques, Astronomiques,
et et Geodynamiques Geodynamiques
s. s. Recherches Recherches de de et et Etudes Etudes d
Centre Centre Affiliation Affiliation 1
others others and and Earlier Earlier F. F. 4. 4. Author Author
English English J. J. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
J41-Jl~7. J41-Jl~7. pp. pp. 1977, 1977, XVII, XVII, Research Research Space Space publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
CACTUS. CACTUS. accelerometer accelerometer
low-g low-g the the from from obtained obtained results results Preliminary Preliminary paper paper the the of' of' Title Title l. l.
7 7
IRELAND IRELAND NORTHERN NORTHERN AND AND BRITAIN BRITAIN GREAT GREAT OF OF KINGDOM KINGDOM UNI~ED UNI~ED
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material Complete Complete volume volume £69.50. £69.50.
Oxford. Oxford. OXJ OXJ OEW. OEW.
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability Pergamon Pergamon Press, Press, Headington Headington Hill Hill Hall, Hall,
temperature temperature and and composition composition to to geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbances. disturbances.
clear clear evidence evidence of of hemispheric hemispheric asymmetries asymmetries in in the the response response of of
than than to to increases increases in in exospheric exospheric temperature. temperature. There There is is also also
a a high high latitude latitude heat heat source) source) and and subsidence subsidence at at lower lower latitudes latitudes
more more to to this this circulation circulation from from high high latitudes latitudes (associated (associated with with
in in helium helium concentrations concentrations with with geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbances disturbances are are due due
low low 4 4 latitudes, latitudes, the the ESRO ESRO measurements measurements indicate indicate that that increases increases
towards towards the the equator, equator, and and subsidence subsidence in in the the equatorial equatorial regiono regiono At At
indicative indicative of of upwelling upwelling of of the the polar polar atmosphere, atmosphere, circulation circulation
tions tions in in composition composition a&sociated a&sociated with with minor minor disturbances disturbances are are
increases increases associated associated with with geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbances. disturbances. The The varia
helium-rich helium-rich winter winter polar polar region region near near 900km 900km of of exospheric exospheric density density
direct direct measurements, measurements, by by the the Explorer Explorer 39 39 drag drag satellite, satellite, in in the the
with with geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbance. disturbance. This This conclusion conclusion is is supported supported by by
spheric spheric concentrations, concentrations, resulting resulting in in a a net net increase increase of of density density
increase increase more more than than compensates compensates for for the the decrease decrease in in lower lower thermo
at at higher higher altitudes altitudes where where helium helium predominates, predominates, the the temperature temperature
that that at at altitudes altitudes where where atomic atomic oxygen oxygen predominates, predominates, as as well well as as
increases increases which which maximize maximize at at high high 4 4 latitudes, latitudes, The The ESRO ESRO data data show show
crepancy crepancy is is explained explained in in terms terms of of corresponding corresponding temperature temperature
decrease decrease with with small small geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbances. disturbances. The The seeming seeming dis
oxygen oxygen concentrations concentrations in in the the lower lower thermosphere thermosphere generally generally
measurements measurements at at high high latitudes latitudes indicate indicate that that helium helium and and atomic atomic
disturbances. disturbances. On On the the other other hand, hand, ESRO ESRO 4 4 and and OGO OGO 6 6 gas gas analyser analyser
have have consistently consistently shown shown density density increases increases during during geomagnetic geomagnetic
6o 6o Abstract Abstract : : Satellite Satellite drag drag measurements measurements of of the the thermosphere thermosphere and and exosphere exosphere
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : NASA NASA Langley Langley Research Research Center, Center, Hampton, Hampton, Va., Va., U.S.Ao U.S.Ao
4. 4. G.M. G.M. Keating Keating Author Author and and others others
J. J. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
2. 2. Space Space Research Research Name Name XVII, XVII, of of publication publication 1977, 1977, PP• PP• 355-361" 355-361"
during during small small geomagnetic geomagnetic disturbances. disturbances.
Title Title 1. 1. of of the the paper paper Comparison Comparison of of drag drag and and mass mass spectrometer spectrometer measurements measurements
UNITED UNITED KINGDOM KINGDOM 8 8 OF OF GREAT GREAT BRITAIN BRITAIN AND AND NORTHERN NORTHERN IRELAND IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NOHTHEHN IRELAND 9
1. Title of the paper Experimental model of the oxospheric temperature based on optical measurements on board the OGO 6 satellite.
2, Name of publication Space Research XVLJ:, 1977, pp. 363-370"
J, Language in which the paper is available English
4, Author G. Thullier, J.L. Falin and C. Wachtel
5. Affiliation : Service d 1 A~ronomie du CNRS, Verriers le Buissons, France.
6. Abstract : The Fabry Perot interferometer on board the OGO 6 satellite measures the spectral profile of tho 6JOnm airglow lino. The Doppler width leads to a direct measurement of the thermospheric temperature. The global thermosphoric temperature is represen- ted by a set of coefficients based on. the results of a spherical harmonics analysis. Comparisons are made with temperatures measured by incoherent scatter radar and deduced from N2 densities. The present model refers to quiet and moderate magnetic activity and to high solar activity.
7 0 Source of availability Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford. OXJ OBW.
8, Cost. if any. to provide the material £69 0 50 0
1 1 8. 8. Cost if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
10-18 10-18 Victoria Victoria Street, Street, London London SWlH SWlH ONQ, ONQ,
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability :: :: Department Department of of Industry, Industry, Monsanto Monsanto House, House,
Landforms/+Landsat Landforms/+Landsat 2/+British 2/+British Isles//04B/ Isles//04B/
*Clouds *Clouds (meteorology)/*Rain/*Artificial (meteorology)/*Rain/*Artificial satellites/Images/ satellites/Images/
image-file image-file for for the the British British Isles, Isles, March March 1975-March 1975-March 1976" 1976"
University University of of Bristol" Bristol" Includes Includes computer computer print-out print-out of of Landsat Landsat 2 2
agreement agreement between between NASA, NASA, the the Department Department of of Industry Industry and and the the
continental continental mass mass of of lando lando The The work work is is covered covered by by the the tripartite tripartite
in in the the mid-latitudinal mid-latitudinal region region on on the the western western edge edge of of a a major major
atmospheric atmospheric phenomena phenomena observed observed Landsat Landsat and and from from the the ground ground by by
which which a a range range of of general general conclusions conclusions have have been been drawn drawn concerning concerning
Landsat Landsat 2 2 imagery imagery of of the the British British Isles Isles as as a a total total data data set set from from
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : The The studies studies described described relate relate to to the the treatment treatment of of the the available available
5o 5o Affiliation Affiliation : : University University of of Bristol Bristol
Author Author 4, 4, E.C. E.C. Barrett Barrett and and C.K. C.K. Grant. Grant.
J, J, Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
(Department (Department of of Industry, Industry, London), London), Final Final Report, Report, 1977. 1977.
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication ERTS ERTS Follow-on Follow-on Programme Programme Study Study No. No. 2962A 2962A
multispectral multispectral imagery imagery from from Landsat Landsat 2. 2.
British British Isles. Isles. Analyses Analyses of of the the cloud cloud contents contents of of
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Mesoscale Mesoscale assessment assessment of of cloud cloud and and rainfall rainfall over over the the
10 10 UNITED UNITED KINGDOM KINGDOM OF OF GREAT GREAT BRITAIN BRITAIN AND AND NORTHERN NORTHERN IRELAND IRELAND UNIU;D KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND ll
l. Title of the paper Experiences in the use of VTPR ''Direct Read-out'1 radiances
2: Name of publication Proceedings of the symposium on meteorological observations from space: their contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment. Philadelphia 8-10 June 1976, pp, 49-54o
J. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author· W.HD Hand, BoRo May and Fa Rawlins
So Af'fillation : Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks RG12 2SZ, UoK.
6, Abstract : Since September 1975 the High Atmosphere Branch of the UoKo Meteorological Office, Bracknell has been using radiances measured by the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) on the NOAA operational meteorological spacecraft to deduce vertical profiles of temperature and thickness and also cloud cover information for an area of the North-Eastern Atlantico The radiances used in the work have been obtained from the VTPR Telemetry provided by the spacec:r·aft ndirect readout 11 transmission as received at Lasham in Southern England covering an area of radius about 4000 Km. A brief description is given of the methods used to retrieve atmospheric parameters from these radiances and some examples are given of comparison with conventional soundings and analyses.
7o Source of availability So Ruttenberg, Secretary COSPAR WG6, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado 80303, UoSoAo
So Cost, if any 2 to provide the material
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, Colorado, 80303, 80303, U.S.A. U.S.A.
7' 7'
Source Source of of availability availability S. S. Ruttenberg, Ruttenberg, Secretary Secretary COSPAR COSPAR WG6, WG6, NCAR, NCAR,
1000-20 1000-20 mb. mb.
to to 1000-10 1000-10 mb mb and and for for temperature temperature differences differences at at levels levels from from
of of (SIRS-sonde) (SIRS-sonde) thickness thickness difference difference for for layers layers from from 1000-850 1000-850 mb mb
given given for for the the height height variation variation of of the the mean mean and and standard standard variation variation
magnitude magnitude to to values values deduced deduced from from objective objective analyses. analyses. Results Results are are
as as an an intermediate intermediate reference. reference. These These differences differences are are similar similar in in
such such a a variation variation could could be be investigated) investigated) using using the the SIRS SIRS soundings soundings
day day and and night night ascents ascents by by Japanese Japanese sondes sondes (the (the only only type type for for which which
between between ascents ascents made made by by different different types types of of sondes sondes and and between between
latitude latitude and and time time were were found. found. Differences Differences were were also also revealed revealed
of of the the (SIRS-sondeJ (SIRS-sondeJ 1000-100 1000-100 mb mb thickness thickness difference difference with with both both
soundings soundings for for the the September September to to December December ~eriod ~eriod 1975. 1975. Variations Variations
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : Comparisons Comparisons have have been been made made between between radio-sonde radio-sonde ascents ascents and and SIRS SIRS
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : Meteorological Meteorological Office, Office, Bracknell, Bracknell, Barks Barks RG12 RG12 2SZ, 2SZ, U.K. U.K.
4. 4. JoS. JoS. Author Author Campbell Campbell B.R. B.R. and. and. May May
J, J, Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
8-10 8-10 June, June, 1976, 1976, pp. pp. 70-76. 70-76.
First First GARP GARP Global Global Experiment. Experiment. Philadelphia Philadelphia
observations observations from from space: space: their their contribution contribution to to the the
2. 2. Name Name Proceedings Proceedings -of -of publication publication of of the the symposium symposium on on meteorological meteorological
ture ture from from radiosonde radiosonde and and SIRS SIRS soundings. soundings.
1. 1. Some Some results results Title Title of of of of comparisons comparisons the the paper paper of of thickness thickness and and tempera
12 12 UNITED UNITED KINGDOM KINGDOM OF OF GREAT GREAT BRITAIN BRITAIN AND AND NORTHERN NORTHERN IRELAND IRELAND
£0.72. £0.72. journal, journal, of of issue issue material material Single Single the the provide provide to to So So any, any, if if Cost, Cost,
U.K. U.K. IDP, IDP, RG12 RG12 Berks Berks Bracknell., Bracknell.,
Street, Street, High High
House, House, Glaisher Glaisher James James
Society, Society, Meteorological Meteorological Royal Royal availability availability 7, 7, of of Source Source
proposed. proposed. is is sectors sectors cloudy cloudy
completely completely to to heights heights assigning assigning for for scheme scheme simple simple A A demonstrated. demonstrated.
is is cloud cloud low low against against discriminate discriminate to to SST, SST, the the of of values values logical logical
climato on on based based test, test, a a of of ability ability The The Atlantic. Atlantic. eastern eastern the the
from from case case single single a a for for shown shown are are Results Results ascents. ascents. radio-sonde radio-sonde
located located suitably suitably from from determined determined are are corrections corrections Atmospheric Atmospheric
km. km. 60 60 x x 60 60 dimension dimension of of sectors sectors image image using using analysis, analysis, histogram histogram
on on based based is is method method The The described. described. is is data data VHRR VHRR IR IR digitised digitised
from from temperatures temperatures sea-surface sea-surface determining determining of of method method A A : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
U.Ko U.Ko 2SZ, 2SZ, RG12 RG12 Berks Berks Bracknell, Bracknell, Office, Office, Meteorological Meteorological : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Salter Salter PoR.S. PoR.S. Author Author 4, 4,
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language J, J,
208-216. 208-216. pp. pp. 1977, 1977, June June 32, 32, Volume Volume Weather, Weather, publication publication of of Name Name 2, 2,
spacecraft. spacecraft. NOAA NOAA from from data data imagery imagery
resolution resolution high high of of interpretation interpretation the the of of results results Some Some paper paper the the of of Title Title L L
lJ lJ
IRELAND IRELAND NORTHERN NORTHERN AND AND BRITAIN BRITAIN GREAT GREAT OF OF KINGDOM KINGDOM UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide e. e. to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - FORMATION FORMATION
IN HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE 7. 7. RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
insignificant). insignificant). is is cover cover snow snow of of depths depths the the (where (where soils soils and and
cover cover snow snow the the of of emissivity emissivity the the by by is is it it winter winter in in whereas whereas cover, cover, plant plant
the the of of influence influence the the by by time time this this at at clearly clearly determined determined is is surface surface land land
the the from from radiation radiation The The traced. traced. be be can can deserts deserts and and forests, forests, broad-leaved broad-leaved
and and mixed mixed steppe, steppe, taiga, taiga, tundra, tundra, summer, summer, the the In In properties. properties. radiation radiation
their their by by distinguished distinguished are are which which zones, zones, vegetation vegetation and and soil soil in in change change
the the reflect reflect clearly clearly land land dry dry the the over over profiles profiles temperature temperature bightness bightness The The
winter. winter. in in 2% 2% 1,5- to to drops drops but but summer summer in in 9-10% 9-10% is is polarization polarization of of degree degree
the the where where and and winter winter in in frozen frozen is is ·which ·which Sea, Sea, Laptev Laptev the the over over different different
quite quite is is picture picture The The summer. summer. in in 10% 10% and and winter winter in in 8% 8% was was polarization polarization
of of degree degree the the but but winter winter to to summer summer from from changed changed scarcely scarcely seas seas Barents Barents
and and Black Black ice-free ice-free the the from from intensity intensity microwave microwave The The snow. snow. of of depth depth
and and humidity humidity air air temperature, temperature, on on data data ground ground simultaneous simultaneous as as well well as as
(6.2.1975), (6.2.1975), winter winter and and (11.7.1974) (11.7.1974) summer summer the the in in polarizations polarizations orthogonal orthogonal
2 2 on on cm cm 0.8 0.8 wavelength wavelength of of radiation radiation outgoing outgoing the the on on data data measurement measurement
satellite satellite to to according according analysed analysed are are surface surface underlying underlying the the of of properties properties
the the of of an an indicator indicator as as radiation radiation microwave microwave using using of of ties ties Abstract Abstract poss·ibili poss·ibili The The 6, 6,
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of 5. 5. Committee Committee State State : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. A.V. A.V. Frolov Frolov V.I., V.I., Semiletov, Semiletov, R.B., R.B., Belich, Belich, Authors: Authors:
Russian Russian available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
141-148 141-148 1977, 1977, pp. pp.
Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat, 1., 1.,
research.
atmospheric atmospheric publication publication ''Radio-physical ''Radio-physical of of Name Name 2. 2. 11 11
surface. surface.
underlying underlying the the from from radiation radiation of of characteristic characteristic polarization polarization
the the of of
satellite satellite
"Meteor a a from from measurements measurements of of Results Results paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title 11 11
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 1 1 2 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
1. Title of the paper Numerical analysis and forecast of geopotential using remote atmospheric sounding data from satellites
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the International Symposium on Satellite Meteorology. L., Hydroroeteoizdat, 1977, pp. 3--20
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4- Authors Belov P.N., Burtsev A.I.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract A method of 4-dimensional numerical analysis is presented which enables inclusion of remote temperature soundings of the atmosphere from satel lites. The method is carried out on a computer as applied to the gee potential field-of one level in the northern hemisphere. There is a discussion of the results of numerical experiments to show the effective ness of using satellite data in numerical analysis and forecasting for a period of up to three days. It is shown that their inclusion in numeri cal analysis leads_ to a distinct improvement in both numerical analysis and forecasting. Table 4, ill.- 4, bibl. 31.
7- Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if 8. 8. Cost. Cost.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga ObninSk, ObninSk,
Str. Str. 6, 6, Korolev Korolev
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7. 7. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Environment Environment Natural Natural of of
taring taring Moni Moni and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology fo.r fo.r USSR USSR the the 5. 5. of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. A.S. A.S. Lezhen Lezhen Authors Authors V.I., V.I., Bobuh Bobuh
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
36-39 36-39 1977. 1977. pp. pp.
Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat, L., L., Kireev, Kireev, I.V. I.V. Gruzinov, Gruzinov, V.M. V.M. Editors: Editors:
parameters. parameters. oceanographic oceanographic measuring measuring of of methods methods Remote Remote publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
satellites. satellites. using using methods methods remote remote laser laser by by
parameters parameters wave wave measuring measuring of of method method the the paper paper concerning concerning the the of of Questions Questions Title Title 1. 1.
3 3 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
B. B. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Obninsk, Obninsk, Kagu1a Kagu1a Region, Region, 249020, 249020, USSR, USSR, Tel. Tel. 136-39-10 136-39-10
6, 6, Korolev Korolev Str. Str.
INFORMATION INFORMATION - WORLD WORLD DATA DATA CENTRE CENTRE
7- Source Source of of availability availability ALL-UNION ALL-UNION RESEARCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
6. 6. Abstract Abstract The The article article is is devoted devoted to to questions questions of of space space meteorology. meteorology.
of of Natural Natural Environment Environment
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation State State Committee Committee of of the the USSR USSR for for Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology and and Monitoring Monitoring
4- Author Author Vetlov Vetlov LP. LP.
3. 3. Language Language in in which which paper paper the the is is available available Russian Russian
1977, 1977, pp. pp. 145-164 145-164
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Problems Problems of of advanced advanced hydrometeorology. hydrometeorology. 1., 1., Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat,
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Results Results of of research research into into .the .the field field of of satellite satellite meteorolog~ meteorolog~
4 4 UNION UNION OF OF SOVIET SOVIET SOCIALIST SOCIALIST REPUBLICS REPUBLICS
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str, Str, Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF 7- INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
17. 17. bibl. bibl. 3, 3, ill. ill. 3, 3, Tabl. Tabl. Ukraine. Ukraine. the the in in cyclone cyclone southern southern
developing developing a a in in examined examined is is evolution evolution cloud cloud 9 9 of of case case one one example an an As As
clouds. clouds. the the of of limit limit upper upper and and temperature temperature radiation radiation of of value value mean mean
the the and and equation equation regression regression coefficient, coefficient, correlation correlation the the of of computer computer
M-220M M-220M an an on on made made were were Estimates Estimates range. range. 8-12)Uill 8-12)Uill the the in in radiation radiation
of of measurements measurements the the to to according according calculated calculated be be to to clouds clouds of of boundary boundary
upper upper the the of of height height the the enabling enabling measurements measurements radiation radiation satellite satellite and and
data data these these of of basis basis the the on on constructed constructed was was relationship relationship correlation correlation A A
period. period. 5-year 5-year a a over over SSR SSR Ukranian Ukranian the the of of Service Service Hydrometeorological Hydrometeorological
the the of of network network the the on on observations observations radar radar of of results results the the to to according according
determined determined was was formations formations cyclonic cyclonic in in clouds clouds of of boundary boundary upper upper Abstract Abstract The The 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural of of
Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee 5. 5. State State Affiliation Affiliation
V. V. Ju. Ju. 4- Zavoloka Zavoloka T.O., T.O., Budyan Budyan N.M., N.M., Gavrilenko Gavrilenko Authors Authors
Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
63-73 63-73 pp. pp. 154, 154, No. No. 1977, 1977, UkrNIGMI", UkrNIGMI", "Trudy "Trudy publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
clouds. clouds. of of boundary boundary upper upper
the the
of of height height the the
and and temperature temperature of of determination determination the the On On the the of of pape~ pape~ Title Title l. l.
5 5
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
: : material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kal'uga Kal'uga Obnin-sk, Obnin-sk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7. 7. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
4. 4. bibl. bibl. 4, 4, ill. ill. 1, 1, Tabl. Tabl. given. given. is is
them them of of assessment assessment numerical numerical a a and and data data priori priori a a the the for for determined determined are are
adequacy adequacy for for criteria criteria The The 15 15 band band absorption absorption j..lro. j..lro. the the C02 C02 in in intervals intervals
spectral spectral of of set set the the determining determining for for measurements measurements spectral spectral in in errors errors of of
structure structure the the model model a a as as presenting presenting regularization regularization statistical statistical of of method method
the the by by profiles profiles temperature temperature vertical vertical up up setting setting of of accuracy accuracy maximum maximum the the
of of analysis analysis numerical numerical and and theoretical theoretical of of forward forward brought brought are are Abstract Abstract results results The The 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology 5. 5. for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4· 4· L.A. L.A. Pahomov Pahomov V.A., V.A., Golovko Golovko Authors Authors
available available is is 3. 3. paper paper Russian Russian the the which which in in Language Language
21-28 21-28 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat, L., L., Meteorology, Meteorology,
Satellite Satellite on on Symposium Symposium International International the the of of Preceedings Preceedings publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
data. data. priori priori a a of of selection selection the the for for adequacy adequacy of of criteria criteria
the the and and regularization, regularization, statistical statistical of of method method the the by by profil.es profil.es
temperature temperature vertical vertical up up paper paper setting setting the the of of f'or f'or 1. 1. Title Title accuracy accuracy maximum maximum The The
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 6 6
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7- HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
2. 2. Ill. Ill. bands. bands.
spectral spectral various various in in obtained obtained images images the the of of combination combination sub-element sub-element
simultaneous simultaneous with with computer computer a a into into introduced introduced be be to to information information zonal zonal
multi enabling enabling equipment equipment constructing constructing for for described described i-s i-s principal principal Abs_tract Abs_tract The The 6, 6,
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of 5o 5o Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4· 4· P.P. P.P. Smirnov Smirnov S.V., S.V., Shapovalov Shapovalov V.V., V.V., Authors Authors Gomzik Gomzik
available available Russian Russian 3. 3. is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1 1 6. 6.
No. No. 1977, 1977, IPR GosNITS GosNITS
Trudy Trudy publication publication of of Name Name
2. 2.
11 11
complex. complex. processing processing image image digital digital specialized specialized the the into into
satellite satellite "Meteor the the
from from information information multi-zonal multi-zonal paper paper of of the the Input Input of of Title Title l. l. 11 11
7 7
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 8 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l. Title of the paper An assessment of the informitiveness of the system of aero logical and satellite measurements.
2. Name of publication "Meteorology and Hydrology", 1977, No. 12, pp. 12-14
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Authors : Gubanova S.I., Mashkovich S.A.
5. A-ffiliation_ : State Committee of the USSR for .Hydrorneteorology and Moni taring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract Information is given on _the accuracy of an objective analysis using space-time optimal interpolation of aerological· and satellite observations. Tabl. 5, ill. 1, bibl. 6.
?. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
B. Cost. if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to B. B. any, any, if if Cost. Cost.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolov Korolov 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7. 7. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
3, 3, 12. 12. bibl. bibl. Ill. Ill. ITCZ. ITCZ. the the and and belt belt tropical tropical the the in in
systems systems cloud cloud of of structure structure convective convective complex complex the the to to as as Kosmos-669 Kosmos-669 on on
experiment experiment the the of of results results the the from from drawn drawn be be can can conclusion conclusion a a thesis, thesis,
hypo this this of of basis basis the the On On cells. cells. convective convective the the in in _layers _layers radiating radiating
the the of of height height the the of of redistribution redistribution a a by by produced produced be be may may brightness brightness
in in changes changes observed observed the the that that suppose suppose to to one one enable enable days days several several over over
spectrum spectrum the the of of areas areas two two the the in in system system cloud cloud same same the the of of observations observations
synchronous synchronous of of results results The The systems. systems. cloud cloud corresponding corresponding the the of of structure structure
fine fine the the obviously, obviously, characterize, characterize, which which details details finer finer reveals reveals areas areas
these these of of shape shape The The development. development. of of state state systems clouds clouds the the on on depends depends
1 1
K, K, 30 30 to to 10 10 from from is is usually usually which which them, them, in in brightness brightness in in reduction reduction of of
1 1 amount amount the the but but pictures IR IR on on reduction reduction this this causing causing fields fields cloud cloud the the of of
dimensions dimensions the the than than less less much much is is brightness brightness red.uced red.uced of of areas areas such such of of size size
The The background. background. changing changing slowly slowly general, general, a a on on place place takes takes which which range range
sub-millimetre sub-millimetre the the in in brightness brightness in in reduction reduction sharp sharp a a produce produce tions tions
forma cloud cloud These These 80-140pkm. 80-140pkm. and and 400-650 400-650 range: range: sub-millimetre sub-millimetre the the of of
parts parts two two in in out out carried carried satellite, satellite, Kosmos-669 the the fi.'om fi.'om region region tropical tropical
11 11 11
the the in in observations observations cloud-mass cloud-mass of of results results the the discusses discusses article article Abstract Abstract This This 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of 5. 5. Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. A.S. A.S. Haikin Haikin S.V., S.V., Solomonov Solomonov A.E., A.E., Salomonovich Salomonovich E.P., E.P., Dombkovskaya Dombkovskaya Authors Authors
3. 3. Russian Russian paper paper available available is is the the which which in in Language Language
391-398 391-398 pp. pp.
4, 4, No. No. 13, 13, Vol. Vol. 1977, 1977, ocean, ocean, and and atmosphere atmosphere the the of of Physics Physics
USSR, USSR, the the of of Sciences Sciences of of Academy Academy the the of of Proceedings Proceedings publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
"Kosmos-669u "Kosmos-669u satellite satellite the the from from region region tropical tropical the the in in systems systems c c
cloud cloud collective collective of of radiation radiation sub-millimetre sub-millimetre into into paper paper Research Research the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
9 9 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 10 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l. Title of the paper Meteorological interpretation of microwave polarization measurements on wavelengths 0.8 cm from a satellite.
2. Name of publication Radiophysical atmospheric research, 1., Hydrometeoizdat, 1977, pp. 131-136
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4- Authors Dombkovskaya E.P., Ozerkina V. V., Skuratova I.S.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrorneteorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract The results are discussed of mass computations of the intensity of out going microwave radiation of wavelength 0.8 cm for two orthogonal polar izations based on meteorological and aerological observational data from weather ships in the Northern Atlantic in the summers of 1965-69 with a pre-determined emissivity of the ocean surface on the vertical and horizontal polarizations. As the intensity of precipitation increases the brightness temperature increases only up to a certain limit, after which it drops off somewhat, but the difference in brightness tempera tures for the two polarizations (4Tb(v-h)) quickly drops to 0. The critical precipitation intensity increases with wavelength, being~5 mm/h at wavelength 0.8 cm. In summer, minimum values of Tb and Tbh (180- 195 K and 150-160 K respectively) with maximum.ATb (v-h) which are equal to 27-71 K, indicate the presence of clear weather or fine stratiformis clouds. Brightness temperatures which are near the maximum (220-240 K) with minimum~Tb(v-h) indicate moderate or heavy precipitation. A com parative analysis of the measurement data in the microwave and IR ranges enables the cloud phase to be recognized. A correlation graph is con structed enabling the cloud water reserves and precipitation intensity to be roughly estimated (with an accuracy of up to 2-3 gradations) according to the measured values of Tbh and~Tb (v-h).
7- Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10 s. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide 8. 8. to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost,
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Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH 7. 7. ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
hydrology. hydrology. in in mation mation
infor space space of of use use the the in in interested interested specialists specialists for for intended intended is is This This
freshets. freshets. valley valley river river spring spring the the of of graphs graphs structing structing
con for for used used are are obtained obtained data data The The survey. survey. snow snow ground ground a a and and graphs graphs
photo aerial aerial the the of of results results the the to to according according assessed assessed is is pictures pictures lite lite
satel £ram £ram obtained obtained data data the the of of reliability reliability The The pictures. pictures. TV TV satellite satellite
to to according according thaw thaw simultaneous simultaneous of of area area the the and and snow, snow, covered covered by by basins basins
catchment catchment of of percentage percentage the the line, line, snowmelt snowmelt back back the the of of position position the the
determining determining for for given given are are Methods Methods 1975. 1975. of of period period winter-spring winter-spring the the in in
basin basin river river Vyatka Vyatka the the in in methods methods aero-space aero-space using using cover cover snow snow study study to to
experiment experiment comprehensive comprehensive the the of of presented presented are are results results and and programme programme The The Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of and-Monitoring and-Monitoring Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of 5. 5. Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Deleur. Deleur. M.S. M.S. Editor: Editor: Author Author
Russian Russian available available is is paper paper 3. 3. the the which which in in Language Language
243 243 No. No. 1977, 1977, Institute, Institute, Hydrological Hydrological
State, State, the the of of Proceedings Proceedings publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
satellites. satellites.
using using cover cover snow snow of of paper paper Study Study the the of of Title Title l, l,
ll ll REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 12 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l, Title of the paper The use of aerial methods and space information in hydrological research.
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the State Hydrological Institute, 1977, No. 245
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author; Editor: V. V. Kupriyanov
5. Affiliation State Commi-ttee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Mo_ni_toring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract This publication is devoted to the application of aerial and space methods to the solution of hydrological problems. It considers the application of aerial hydrometeorological methods to the study of the flooding of the river Ob flood basin, as well as experience in their use in the Ob-Irtyshsk hydrographical centre for the purpose of cor relating the runoff (using 1974 as an example), the application of radar in the measurement of ice thickness, radar aerial photography in the study of flood plains and marsh areas, and aerial hydrology for the study of flows in lakes and reservoirs. This is intended for hydrologists and specialists in project planning institutes, using aerial methods and meteorological satellite pictures in their research.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE 7. 7. RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
meteorologists. meteorologists. and and hydrologists hydrologists for for intended intended is is This This
characteristics. characteristics. hydrometeorological hydrometeorological various various the the of of measurement measurement
for for intended intended apparatus apparatus for for formulated formulated are are requirements requirements and and analised analised
are are systems systems recording recording remote remote advanced advanced of of characteristics characteristics The The mation. mation.
infor space space and and aerial aerial of of basis basis the the on on runoff runoff underground underground and and surface surface
forecasting forecasting for for principals principals the the and and exchange exchange water water global global and and regional regional
of of
components components various various the the determining determining for for considered considered are are methods methods Remote Remote : : 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of
Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of 5. 5. Committee Committee State State : : Affiliation Affiliation
P.A. P.A. Kolosov Kolosov A., A., 4. 4. Ju, Ju, Kurilova Kurilova G.P., G.P., Authors Authors Kalinin Kalinin
Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
pp.l82 pp.l82 233, 233, Bibl, Bibl, 28, 28, 6, 6, Ill. Ill. Tabl. Tabl. 1977, 1977, Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat, L., L.,
hydrology, hydrology, in in methods methods Space Space publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
hydrology, hydrology, in in methods methods paper paper the the Space Space of of Title Title 1. 1.
13 13 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 14 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l. Title of the paper On the retrieval of vertical temperature profiles taking into consideration various conditions of spectral measurements
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the International Symposium on Satellite Meteorology., L., Hydrometeoizdat, 1977, pp. 34-42
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Authors Karpov A.V., Uspensky A.B., Hamarin V.I.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6, Abstract Linear empirical assessments are considered for use in a regression analysis for setting up vertical temperature profiles taking into con sideration the differing volume of a priori information on the profile to be set up. Bibl. 9.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH. RESEARCH. ALL-UNION ALL-UNION 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of 5. 5. Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
Korotaev Korotaev G.K. G.K. Kravtsov, Kravtsov, A.P. A.P. Lezhen, Lezhen, A.S, A.S, Nelepo, Nelepo, 4. 4. B.A. B.A. Authors Authors
Russian Russian available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
121-124 121-124 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, Hydrometeoizdat, Hydrometeoizdat, M., M.,
parameters, parameters, oceanographic oceanographic measuring measuring of of methods methods Remote Remote publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
satellite. satellite. a a from from oceans oceans world world the the of of level level the the
in in fluctuations fluctuations establishing establishing of of method method a a as as altimetry altimetry paper paper the the Laser Laser of of Title Title l. l.
15 15 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 16 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l. Title of the paper The use of microwave satellite measurements for mapping sea ice.
2. Name of pu_blicat.ion "Trudy AANII", 1977, Vol. 343, pp, 40-45
3· Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Loshchilov V.S.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Moni taring of Natural Environment
6. Abstrac-t
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490.20, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 17
l. Title of the paper Referencing pictures of the true horizon and terminator lines.
11 11 2. Name of publication Trudy GosNITS IPR , 1977, No. 6, pp. 61-66
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4- Authors Lurye I.K., Tishchenko A.P.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract A method is proposed for determining the geocentric co-ordinates of points on the lines of the true horizon and terminator according to space pictures, ephemeris and flight path data. The problem is solved by assuming that the planet is approximated by an elipsoid of rotation. The method may be used in particular for processing pictures of the earth from geostationary satellites. Ill. 1, Oibl. 2.
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l. Title of the paper Computation results of the contribution of sea spray to the outgoing microwave radiation.
11 11 2. Name of publication Trudy GosNITS IPR , 1977, No. 6, pp. 45-48
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Liushvin P.V.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. .Abstract It is shown that in developing a method of interpreting microwave satellite information it is possible to ignore the contribution to the radiation from the ocean-atmosphere system made by the near surface spray droplets formed in storm waves. Tabl. 1, ill. l, bibl. B.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material
a. a. material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost. Cost.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
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7- HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
3. 3. bibl. bibl. 2, 2, ill. ill. 2, 2, Tabl. Tabl. phenomena. phenomena. atmospheric atmospheric
and and ground ground individual individual for for and and scale scale planetary planetary the the on on both both radiation radiation
outgoing outgoing the the of of idea idea an an give give obtained obtained characteristics characteristics statistical statistical
The The satellite. satellite. Meteor Meteor the the from from measurements measurements to to Pkffi Pkffi according according 8-12 8-12
range range spectral spectral the the in in considered considered are are radiation radiation outgoing outgoing 6. 6. of of Abstract Abstract Features Features
Environment Environment Natural Natural
5. 5. of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee Affiliation Affiliation State State
4- L.A. L.A. Pahomova Pahomova Pahomov Pahomov Authors Authors N.G., N.G., Markina Markina L.A~, L.A~,
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
95-104 95-104 3, 3, pp. pp. No. No.
1977, 1977, IPR GosNITS GosNITS Trudy Trudy
, , publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
11 11
measurements. measurements. satellite satellite
to to according according radiation radiation paper paper the the of of outgoing outgoing of of Title Title l. l. characteristics characteristics Some Some
19 19 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. D. D. A. A. Masanov Masanov Author Author
RussiaN RussiaN available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
26-33 26-33 343, 343, pp. pp. Vol. Vol. 1977, 1977, AANII", AANII", "Trudy "Trudy publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
radiometers. radiometers. infrared infrared scanning scanning pictures pictures by by satellite satellite
to to according according cover cover ice ice of of characteristics characteristics of of Determination Determination paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 20 20
material material s. s. the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost,
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ?. ?. ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
Service. Service. meteorological meteorological
Hydro the the of of sub-divisions sub-divisions operational operational the the in in workers workers and and meteorology meteorology
dynamic dynamic and and synoptic synoptic of of field field the the in in specialists specialists for for intended intended is is It It
spectrum. spectrum.
the the of of bands bands microwave microwave and and infrared infrared visible, visible, the the in in satellites satellites logical logical
meteoro from from measurements measurements of of analysis analysis weather weather numerical numerical and and synoptic synoptic
in in use use and and interpretation interpretation processing, processing, the the to to devoted devoted is is collection collection The The 6. 6. : : Abstract Abstract
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and 5. 5. Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State : : Affiliation Affiliation
Gorelik Gorelik G. G. A. A.
Veltishchev Veltishchev 4- F. F. N. N. Editors: Editors: Author Author
available available Russian Russian is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
4 4 No. No. 1977, 1977, IPR", IPR", GosNITS GosNITS Trudy Trudy publication publication of of 2. 2.
Name Name 11
information. information. satellite satellite interpreting interpreting and and paper paper processing processing the the of of of of Title Title Methods Methods l. l.
21 21 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 22 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
1. Title of the paper Reconstruction of a random field of hydrophysical parameters according to non-synchronous measurement data.
11 11 2. Name of publication Trudy GosNITS IPR , 1977, No. 6, pp. 49-53
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Nedovesov A.N.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6, Abstract The optimal reconstruction of the field under consideration is found at any of its points according to some of the results obtained by an advanced instrument on straight line parallel trajectories, taking into account non-synchronous measurements. The criteria for optimal reconstruction was the least mean standard deviation. The field is assumed to be isotropio, homogenous and stationary. Ill. 2, bibl. 2.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str.
Obninsk 9 Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 23
L Title of the paper Evolution characteristics of the cloud fields in quickly moving cyclones.
11 2. Name of publication "Trudy GosNITS IPR , 1977, No. 6, pp, 27-29
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Neronova G.Ju.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeo.rology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract On the basis of an analysis of IR photographs of clouds in quickly moving cyclones, signs of their formation and transformation are brought out for the European territory of the USSR. Ill. 1, bibl. 2.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material 24 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
1. Title of the paper Model computations of the contribution of the high frequency part of the spectrum to the thermal radio waves from waves on the water surface.
2. Name of publication 11 Trudy GosNITS IPR", 1977, No. 6, pp. 39-44
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Nikitin P.A.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract The results are given of compuations of the coefficients of thermal radio waves from a water surface covered by ripples for the electro magnetic waves 0.80, 1.35, 3.20, 8.50 cm. The angular velocity is given of the contribution of the gravitational-capillary waves to the radiatiOn. The formulae used in the computations are obtained by the turbulence theory. The computation results show that the sea waves' contribution of the high frequency part of the spectrum to the radiation from an agitated sea surface must be considered in sounding the atmosphere over the ocean and in determining oceano graphic characteristics using VHF radiometry. Tabl. 1, ill. 1, bibl. 9.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
e. Cost, if any~ to provide the material
1 1 s. s. material material the the provide provide to to any Cost, Cost, if if
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7. 7. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
3. 3. bibl. bibl. 2, 2, Ill. Ill. USSR. USSR.
the the of of ET ET the the over over cyclones cyclones southern southern of of transfer transfer the the of of revealed revealed are are
signs signs Some Some USSR. USSR. the the of of territory territory European European the the over over passing passing cyclones cyclones
southern southern in in field field cloud cloud the the of of considered considered are are features features evolution evolution the the
satellite satellite a a from from obtained obtained pictures pictures cloud cloud of of analysis analysis an an of of basis basis the the On On 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology 5. 5. for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. G.M. G.M. Ozerova Ozerova Author Author
Russian Russian available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
21-26 21-26 pp. pp. 6, 6, No. No.
1977, 1977, IPR GosNITS GosNITS "Trudy "Trudy publication publication , , of of Name Name
2. 2. 11
cyclones. cyclones. southern southern in in field field cloud cloud the the of of features features Evolution Evolution paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
25 25 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
material material the the provide provide to to if if any, any, Cost. Cost. 8, 8,
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel, Tel, USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
6, 6, Str. Str. Korolev Korolev
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF 7. 7. INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
8. 8. Bibl. Bibl. equations. equations.
Voltaire Voltaire of of type type second second the the of of solution solution the the by by approximated approximated is is phere phere
atmos symmetrical symmetrical spherically spherically a a for for function function Plank Plank the the to to relative relative
solution solution its its that that shown shown is is It It reflected. reflected. parametrically parametrically is is radiation radiation
outgoing outgoing the the of of relationship relationship angular angular the the which which in in disc, disc, earth's earth's the the
outside outside past past going going passes passes oblique oblique along along atmosphere atmosphere non-scattering non-scattering the the
in in transfer transfer radiation radiation of of equation equation integral integral the the considers considers Abstract Abstract article article This This 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of taring taring Moni Moni and and 5. 5. Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of ttee ttee Affiliation Affiliation c·ommi c·ommi State State
4. 4. E.M. E.M. Trofimov Trofimov Authors Authors L.,A., L.,A., Pahomov Pahomov
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
85-90 85-90 PP• PP• 3, 3, No. No. 1977, 1977, IPRn, IPRn, GosNITS GosNITS "Trudy "Trudy publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
field. field. brightness brightness pheric pheric
atmos the the of of measurements measurements satellite satellite to to according according atmosphere atmosphere
the the in in profile profile temperature temperature a a up up setting setting of of paper paper the the possibility possibility of of the the 1. 1. On On Title Title
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 26 26 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 27
1. Title of the paper Weather service satellites.
11 2. Name of publication HEarth and Space , 1977, No. 5, pp. 16-24
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4- Author Petrosiants M• .A.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
7· 7· HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and 5. 5. Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. A.V. A.V. Author Author Provorkin Provorkin
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
34-39 34-39 343, 343, Vol. Vol. pp. pp. 1977, 1977, AANII", AANII", "Trudy "Trudy 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
maps. maps. ice ice drawing drawing for for basis basis
a a as as satellites satellites paper paper the the of of meteorological meteorological 1. 1. Title Title from from obtained obtained pictures pictures of of Use Use
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 28 28
B. B. Cost. Cost. if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Obninsk, Obninsk, Kaluga Kaluga Region, Region, 249020, 249020, USSR, USSR, Tel. Tel. 136-39-10 136-39-10
6, 6, Korolev Korolev Str. Str.
INFORMATION INFORMATION - WORLD WORLD DATA DATA CENTRE CENTRE
1· 1·
Source Source of of availability availability ALL-UNION ALL-UNION RESEARCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF OF HYDROME·rEOROLOGICAL HYDROME·rEOROLOGICAL
solution solution of of the the inverse inverse problem. problem. Tabl. Tabl. 2, 2, bibl. bibl. 3. 3.
information information gives gives substantially substantially better better results results than than that that using using a a
a a multi-dimensional multi-dimensional extrapolation extrapolation of of satellite satellite data data and and a a priori priori
temperature temperature retrieval retrieval in in the the atmosphere atmosphere beneath beneath the the cloud cloud layer layer using using
stratifications stratifications of of the the below-cloud below-cloud layer. layer. It It is is established established that that the the
a a priori priori statistical statistical information information and and satellite satellite data data on on temperature temperature
the the cloud cloud layer layer (in (in conditions conditions of of continuous continuous or or frequent frequent cloud) cloud) using using
vertical vertical temperature temperature profile profile retrievals retrievals in in the the atmosphere atmosphere underneath underneath
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : This This article article examines examines the the results results of of the the accuracy accuracy assessment assessment of of the the
Natural Natural Environment Environment
5. 5.
Affiliation Affiliation : : State State Committee Committee of of the the USSR USSR for for Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology and and Monitoring Monitoring of of
4. 4. Author Author Komarov Komarov V. V. S. S.
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available Russian Russian
World World Data Data Centre, Centre, 1977, 1977, No. No. 42, 42, Editor: Editor: V.V. V.V. Filippov Filippov
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Union Union Research Research Institute Institute of of Hydrometeorological Hydrometeorological Information
according according to to satellite satellite information information and and a a priori priori statistics. statistics.
retrievals retrievals in in the the atmosphere atmosphere underneath underneath the the cloud cloud layer layer
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Some Some results results of of the the assessment assessment of of the the temperature temperature profile profile
UNION UNION OF OF SOVIET SOVIET 29 29 SOCIALIST SOCIALIST REPUBLICS REPUBLICS 30 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIS1' REPUBLICS
1. Title of the paper A comparison of the frequency of clear and cloudy sky, obtained from ground and satellite observations.
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the All-Union Research Institute of Hydro meteorological Information- World Data Centre, 1977, No. 42, Editor: V.V. Filippov
3- Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Authors Kobysheva N. V., Shapovalova V.-D., Li tvyakova L. A., Chmutova Z.E.
5. Affiliation State C-ommittee of the UHSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Envirnnment
6. Abstract The daily photo-montages of cloud pictures from the Meteor satellite are processed for January and July 1972 for the extratropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Similar processing of such maps for 1973 is carried out in the Metecrologieal Division of the All-Union Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information- World Data Centre. They are calculated for a two-year period over equivalent areas after which the probability values of clear and cloudy sky are mapped. The maps o~tained are compared with similar maps drawn from ground data. Bearson 1 s~ criterion is used for the quantitative assessment of the degree of correspondence b-etween the maps. It is demonstrated that the differences between satellite and ground data are statistically signifi cant. The amount of cloud in the high and mean latitudes is consider ably underestimated in satellite data. The use o·f cloud amount data from satellites for climatological generalisations therefore necessitates correction. Tabl. 2, bibl. 14.
7- Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 31
l, Title of the paper Control of meteorological information from satellites.
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the All-Union Research Institute of Hydro meteorological Information- World Data Centre, 1977, No. 42, Editor: V.V. Filippov
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Ovsyannikov V.V.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6, Abstract Algorithms are constructed for the control of spectrometric data from satellites ~oncerning geopotential heights of isobaric surfaces and temperature) based on the use of the confidence limits of the values and on a statics equation. A formula is obtained for computation of the speed of the ordered vertical movements of the air in the atmos phere which may be used in particular for control of similar satellite data, Bibl. 5.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10 s. Cost, if any, to provide the material 32 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
1. Title of the paper Assessment of the scales of irregularity of temperature fields in the North Atlantic according to satellite data.
2. Name of publication Proceedings of the All-Union Research Institute of Hydro meteorological Information- World Data Centre, 1977, No. 42, Editor: V.V.Filippov
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4· Author Spiridonova Ju. V.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract The article analiSes data from the radiometric sounding of the atmos phere from a satellite. Temperatures are examined from the North Atlantic region for January and July 1973-1975. The results indicated zonal temperature differences in the region under consideration, as well as mesoscale features of the temperature field structure. The assessments obtained of the quasi-regularity enable the dimensions to be determined of the elements in the area over which it is rational to unify and accumulate current information from the radiometric sounding. A relatively simple algorithm is proposed for obtaining quasi-homogenous areas using a computer. Tabl. 2, bibl. 3.
7- Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the B. B. provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost.
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
?. ?. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
5. 5. bibl. bibl. 3, 3, Ill. Ill. observations. observations. ground ground and and lite lite
satel between between difference difference the the to to drawn drawn is is Attention Attention 1973. 1973. of of summer summer the the
for for given given are are field field cloud cloud the the of of characteristics characteristics The The 1973. 1973. July July for for
information information satellite satellite infrared infrared of of montages montages photo photo global global to to according according
hemisphere hemisphere northern northern the the over over July July and and January January between between quantity quantity cloud cloud
in in difference difference the the and and cover cover cloud cloud of of distribution distribution the the
of of drawn drawn are are Maps Maps Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
V.N. V.N. Golovleva Golovleva V.I., V.I., Titov Titov : : Authors Authors 4. 4.
Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language 3. 3.
42 42 No. No. 1977, 1977, Centre, Centre, Data Data World World - Information Information meteorological meteorological
Hydro on on Institute Institute Research Research All-Union All-Union the the of of
Proceedings Proceedings publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
data. data. satellite satellite to to according according 1973 1973 July July in in hemisphere hemisphere
northern northern the the over over field field cloud cloud the the of of features features Distinguishing Distinguishing paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
33 33
REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
8, 8, Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Obninsk, Obninsk, Kaluga Kaluga Region, Region, 249020, 249020, USSR, USSR, Tel. Tel. 136-39-10 136-39-10
6, 6, Korolev Korolev St.r. St.r.
INFORMATION INFORMATION - WORLD WORLD DATA DATA CENTRE CENTRE
1· 1·
Source Source of of availability availability ALL-UNION ALL-UNION RESEARCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
given. given. Tabl. Tabl. 2, 2, ill. ill. 2, 2, bibl. bibl. 3. 3.
The The characteristics characteristics of of distribution distribution of of the the upper-cloud upper-cloud limit limit are are also also
cloud cloud limit limit for for the the northern northern and and southern southern hemispheres hemispheres for for July July 1972. 1972.
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : Maps Maps are are drawn drawn according according to to satellite satellite data data of of the the heights heights of of the the upper
Natural Natural Environment Environment
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : State State Committee Committee of of the the USSR USSR for for Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology and and Monitoring Monitoring of of
4. 4. Authors Authors Titov Titov V.I., V.I., Musaelyan Musaelyan T. T. Sh. Sh.
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available Russian Russian
meteorological meteorological Information- World World Data Data Centre, Centre, 1977, 1977, No. No. 42 42
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Proceedings Proceedings of of the the All-Union All-Union Research Research Institute Institute of of Hydro
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Distribution Distribution of of the the mean mean heights heights of of the the upper upper cloud cloud limit. limit.
34 34 UNION UNION OF OF SOVIET SOVIET SOCIALIST SOCIALIST REPUBLICS REPUBLICS UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 35
l. Title of the paper Comparison of various methods of computing the moisture content of the atmosphere and the water reserves of clouds according to brightness temperature values.
2. Name of publication 11 Trudy GosNITS IPR", 1977, No. 6, pp. 30-38
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Trapeznikova N.B.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6. Abstract The results of the comparison are given for values of the total moisture content of the atmosphere and cloud water reserves, calculated by various methods. Factors are indicated which determine the choice of the best method of computing these values. Tabl. l, ill. l, bibl.7
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
1· 1· HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
11. 11. bibl. bibl. 2, 2, ill. ill. 1, 1, Tabl. Tabl.
eddy. eddy. this this of of development development the the of of stages stages various various in in parameters parameters logical logical
meteoro of of fields fields and and precipitation precipitation significant significant of of zones zones for for found found is is
distribution distribution combined combined The The occlusion. occlusion. of of point point the the at at developing developing eddy eddy
cloud cloud the the in in zones zones precipitation precipitation significant significant the the of of made made An An is is Abstract Abstract analysis analysis 6, 6,
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrorneteorology Hydrorneteorology 5. 5. for for USSR USSR the the of of Committee Committee State State Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. N.N. N.N. Fedorov Fedorov Author Author
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
13-20 13-20 6, 6, pp. pp. No. No.
1977, 1977, IPR publication publication of of GosNITS GosNITS Name Name Trudy Trudy 2. 2.
, ,
11 11
Europe. Europe. over over 1973 1973 December December 6-11 6-11
on on eddy eddy cloud cloud the the in in zone zone precipitation precipitation the the of of paper paper the the of of Evaluation Evaluation Title Title l. l.
36 36 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
136-39-10 136-39-10 Tel. Tel. USSR, USSR, 249020, 249020, Region, Region, Kaluga Kaluga Obninsk, Obninsk,
Str. Str. Korolev Korolev 6, 6,
CENTRE CENTRE DATA DATA WORLD WORLD - INFORMATION INFORMATION
?. ?. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OF OF INSTITUTE INSTITUTE RESEARCH RESEARCH ALL-UNION ALL-UNION availability availability of of Source Source
12. 12. bibl. bibl.
6, 6, ill. ill. 2, 2, Tabl. Tabl. ocean. ocean. the the of of surface surface underlying underlying the the from from radiation radiation
the the of of because because film film cold cold the the of of temperature temperature the the on on information information contain contain
point point lower lower the the at at data data measurement measurement satellite satellite the the that that forward forward put put
is is opinion opinion The The observations. observations. of of types types regular regular the the with with comparison comparison by by
field field temperature temperature the the of of structure structure spatial spatial detailed detailed more more a a give give ments ments
measure satellite satellite the the that that showed showed results results The The observations. observations. standard standard
and and data data satellite satellite to to according according temperature temperature of of characteristics characteristics monthly monthly
mean mean the the of of mb) mb) 500 500 and and (1000 (1000 levels levels two two at at made made is is comparison comparison a a
and and reviewed reviewed briefly briefly is is method method new new a a of of development development The The satellite. satellite. by by
obtained obtained profiles profiles temperature temperature vertical vertical the the of of measurements measurements of of accuracy accuracy
the the of of assessment assessment and and 6. 6. interpretation interpretation the the to to devoted devoted is is Abstract Abstract article article This This
Environment Environment Natural Natural
of of 5. 5. Monitoring Monitoring and and Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology for for USSR USSR the the of of Affiliation Affiliation Committee Committee State State
4. 4. V. V. Ju. Ju. Spiridonova Spiridonova V.V., V.V., Filippov Filippov Authors Authors
3. 3. Russian Russian available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
42 42 No. No. 1977, 1977, Centre, Centre, Data Data World World Information- meteorological meteorological
Hydro on on Institute Institute Research Research All-Union All-Union the the of of Proceedings Proceedings 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
Ocean. Ocean. Atlantic Atlantic the the of of part part northern northern
the the over over fields fields temperature temperature atmospheric atmospheric of of analysis analysis logical logical
climato of of examples examples and and satellite satellite a a from from soundings soundings Remote Remote paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
37 37 REPUBLICS REPUBLICS SOCIALIST SOCIALIST SOVIET SOVIET OF OF UNION UNION 38 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
l, Title of the paper Statistical approach to the solution of problems in the automatic processing of satellite infrared information for weather analysis and prognosis.
2. Name of publication The application of statistical methods to meteorology 1 L,, Hydrometeoizdat, 1977, pp. 95-99
3. Language in which the paper is available Russian
4. Author Goverdovsky V.F.
5. Affiliation State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Natural Environment
6, Abstract This book considers the statistical approach to solving problems of automatic processing and interpretation of satellite IR information, thus ensuring a qualitative and quantitative assessment of this information in numerical weather analysis and prognosis, taking up the optimal amount of machine time. Bibl. 4.
7. Source of availability ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - WORLD DATA CENTRE 6, Korolev Str. Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR, Tel. 136-39-10
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
20006 20006 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, K K 1909 1909
7. 7. Union Union Geophysical Geophysical American American availability availability of of Source Source
NH. NH. the the in in
those those than than meridional' meridional'
more more are are waves waves SH SH the the
wavelengths, wavelengths, intermediate intermediate at at
1
especially especially that, that, indicate indicate energies energies meridional meridional to to zonal zonal of of Ratios Ratios waves. waves.
transient transient 4,5) 4,5) ~ ~ (k (k size size intermediate intermediate for for preference preference a a show show spectra spectra onal onal
meridi The The SH. SH. the the in in contributions contributions eddy eddy standing standing smaller smaller have have components components
meridional meridional and and zonal zonal both both summer summer In In component. component. north-south north-south the the in in only only ent ent
appar is is magnitude magnitude eddy eddy standing standing in in difference difference the the winter winter In In flow. flow. onal onal
meridi the the to to regard regard with with especially especially eddies, eddies, transient transient on on more more dep~ndent dep~ndent
general general in in is is flow flow SH SH The The counterparts. counterparts. NH NH their their as as large large as as are are energy energy
kinetic kinetic eddy eddy SH SH the the of of components components meridional meridional and and zonal zonal both both that that indicate indicate
Results Results comparisons. comparisons. interhemispheric interhemispheric make make to to order order developed developed are are i~ i~ fields fields
satellite-based satellite-based (NH) (NH) hemisphere hemisphere northern northern Similar Similar structure. structure. thermal thermal based based
satellite a a of of aid aid the the with with constructed constructed fields fields height height geopotential geopotential using using
examined examined by by are are flow flow 200-mbar 200-mbar (SH) (SH) hemisphere hemisphere southern southern of of Characteristics Characteristics : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
20771 20771 Maryland Maryland Greenbelt, Greenbelt, Center, Center, Flight Flight Space Space Goddard Goddard : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Adler Adler F. F. Robert Robert Author Author
3· 3· English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
427-432 427-432 pp. pp.
1977 1977
June, June, 3, 3, No. No. 82, 82, Vol. Vol. Research, Research, Geophysical Geophysical of of Journal Journal 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
data data satellite satellite from from determined determined
as as
flow flow 200-mbar 200-mbar hemisphere hemisphere southern southern of of Characteristics Characteristics paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
l l AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Satellite-observed latent heat release in a tropical cyclone
2. Name of publication Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 105, No. 8, Aug., 1977, pp. 956-963
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : Robert F. Adler, Edward B. Rodgers
5. Affiliation : Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbel t, Md. 20771
6. Abstract : Data from the Nimbus 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) are used to make calculations of the latent heat release (LHR) and the distribution of rainfall rate in a case study of a tropical cyclone as it grows from a tropical disturbance to a typhoon. The results indicate that the latent heat release characteristics of tro_pical cyclones can be deter mined from the microwaye data and that such observations are potentially useful in the monitoring of such storms. The LHR (calculated over a circular area of 40 latitude radius) increases during the development and intensification of the storm from a magnitude of 2.7 X lol4w (in the dis turbance stage) to 8.8 X lol4w (typhoon stage). The later value cor responds to a mean rainfall rate of 2.0 mm h-1. Even during the disturb ance stage, the LHR increases significantly. It is also shown that the more intense the cyclone and the greater the LHR, the greater the per centage contribution of the larger rainfall rates to the LHR. In the dis turbance stage the percentage contribution of rainfall rates ~6 mm h-1 is typically 8 %; for the typhoon stage, the value is 38 %. The distribution of rainfall rate as a function of radial distance from the center indicates that as the cyclone intensifies, the higher rainfall rates tend to con centrate toward the center of the circulation.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
B. Cost. if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
20006 20006 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, K K 1909 1909
Union Union 7. 7. Geophysical Geophysical American American availabili·ty availabili·ty of of Source Source
latitudes. latitudes. southern southern
high high in in calculations calculations model model for for fields fields temperature temperature Nimbus-5 Nimbus-5 utilize utilize to to
wish wish may may who who those those to to and and data data radiance radiance satellite satellite from from retrievals retrievals perature perature
tem in in involved involved researchers researchers those those to to interest interest of of be be will will and and importance importance
of of are are results results these these variations, variations, temperature temperature horizontal horizontal on on especially especially and and
data, data, input input as as used used fields fields temperature temperature the the of of accuracy accuracy the the on on critically critically
depend depend calculations calculations model model atmospheric atmospheric many many Because Because mb. mb. 200 200 at at warm warm too too
K K 3-4 3-4 typically typically are are temperatures temperatures satellite-derived satellite-derived The The Antarctica, Antarctica, eastern eastern
over over stratosphere stratosphere lower lower and and troposphere troposphere upper upper the the in in found found are are ferences ferences
dif systematic systematic large large Unexpectedly Unexpectedly 1973. 1973. September September - 6 6 - July July 1 1 period period the the
during during stations stations antarctic antarctic 15 15 from from data data radiosonde radiosonde with with compared compared are are data data
radiance radiance Nimbus-5 Nimbus-5 of of inversions inversions from from derived derived fields fields temperature temperature Atmospheric Atmospheric : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
50011 50011 Iowa Iowa Ames, Ames, University, University, State State Iowa Iowa Department, Department, Physics Physics : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Stanford Stanford L. L. John John and and Asgeirsson Asgeirsson Vigfus Vigfus : : Authors Authors 4. 4.
English English available available is is paper paper 3. 3. the the which which in in Language Language
445-448 445-448 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Oct. Oct. 10, 10, No. No. 4, 4, Vol. Vol. Letters, Letters, Research Research Geophysical Geophysical 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
Antarctic Antarctic winter winter the the over over data data radiosonde radiosonde from from fields fields
temperature temperature atmospheric atmospheric Nimbus-5 Nimbus-5 of of deviations deviations Systematic Systematic paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
3 3 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 4 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Digital satellite imagery in industrial meteorology
2. Name of publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 58, No. 6, June 1977, pp. 480-487
3. Language in which the paper is available English
1 2 4. Authors C,L. Bristor and W.L. Raynore
1 5. Affiliation certified Consulting Meteorologist, 309 N. Manchester Street, Arlington, Va. 22203 2 consultant, 127 Temple Circle, Lynchburg, Va. 24502
6. Abstract Digital imagery is currently available from geostationary satellites and will be available from new polar arbiters in the near future. Stable, wide-range responses in two or more channels, all in digital form, present opportunity for the extraction of quantitative information in support of the operational industrial meteorologist. A relatively low-cost acqui sition and manipulating facility is discussed by which the private user may promptly acquire and treat limited data arrays for times and locations of his own choosing, The proposed starting configuration has limited but powerful capabilities and is focused on geostationary satellite data acqui sition. Realistic resource estimates are provided for both hardware and software so that a prospective user may judge the economic feasibility of such a system for his application.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108
8. Cost. if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. Cost, Cost, 8. 8. if if
02108 02108 Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological availabilitz availabilitz American American of of Source Source
pattern. pattern. cloud cloud the the of of explanations explanations
possible possible of of source source a a as as presented presented also also is is dissipation dissipation cloud cloud and and formation formation
eddy eddy this this of of occurrence occurrence the the during during situation situation synoptic synoptic The The clouds. clouds. form form
strata of of movement movement or or dissipation dissipation the the display display vividly vividly pictures pictures the the vortex, vortex,
cloud cloud low low the the to to addition addition In In Simeon. Simeon. San San of of west west waters waters coastal coastal California California
over over eddy eddy well-defined well-defined a a depicting depicting presented presented is is imagery imagery satellite satellite visual visual
km) km) (0.62 (0.62 resolution resolution high high very very noontime noontime and and morning morning early early of of example example unique unique A A Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
93237 93237 Calif. Calif.
Base, Base, Force Force Air Air Vandenberg Vandenberg Squadron, Squadron, Weather Weather 2nd 2nd 30, 30, 3netachment 3netachment
32937 32937 Fla. Fla. Beach, Beach, satellite satellite
2
01742 01742
Mass. Mass. Concord, Concord, & & Inc., Inc., Technology, Technology, Research Research 5. 5. Environmental Environmental : : Affiliation Affiliation
1
Guiberson3 Guiberson3 1. 1. Francis Francis and and Orndorff W. W. John John , , Brandli W. W. Henry Henry : : Authors Authors 4. 4.
2 2 1
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
233-234 233-234 1977, 1977, March March pp, pp,
3, 3, No. No. 58, 58, Vol. Vol. Society, Society, Meteorological Meteorological American American the the of of Bulletin Bulletin publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
Simeon Simeon San San near near formation formation Eddy Eddy paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
5 5 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
02108 02108 Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society Society 7. 7. Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
made. made. are are causality causality of of Inferences Inferences oscillation. oscillation. daily daily the the on on imposed imposed
super is is oscillation oscillation period period shorter shorter time-dependent, time-dependent, a a 2) 2) and and storm, storm, the the
of of intensity intensity the the to to proportional proportional inversely inversely apparently apparently is is oscillation oscillation area area
the the of of amplitude amplitude the the 1) 1) observed: observed: also also were were phenomena phenomena related related other other Two Two
detected. detected. oscillation oscillation storm storm the the support support tests tests these these of of results results
The The SMS-II. SMS-II. and and SMS-I SMS-I by by obtained obtained measurements measurements area area simultaneous simultaneous compared compared
test test second second The The temperature. temperature. ocean ocean constant constant a a detected detected sensor sensor the the whether whether
determine determine to to SMS-I SMS-I with with made made was was temperature temperature surface surface ocean ocean the the of of ment ment
Measure processing. processing. image image to to or or sensor sensor satellite satellite the the to to either either due due being being
oscillation oscillation the the of of possibility possibility the the out out rule rule to to performed performed were were tests tests Two Two
K. K. 223 223 and and 239 239 253, 253, thresholds: thresholds: ture ture
tempera three three hat hat 1.1/2 1.1/2 every every approximately approximately made made were were measurements measurements These These
storms. storms. the the with with as.sociated as.sociated cloudiness cloudiness the the of of measurements measurements area area obtain obtain to to
densitome·ter densitome·ter false-color false-color scanning scanning a a with with analyzed analyzed was was imagery imagery infrared infrared SMS SMS
1.65. 1.65.
is is area area minimum minimum the the to to area area maximum maximum the the of of ratio ratio average average The The time. time. solar solar
mean mean local local 0300 0300 at at area area minimum minimum a a and and time time solar solar mean mean local local 1700 1700 imately imately
approx at at area area maximum maximum a a shows shows oscillation oscillation The The cover. cover. cloud cloud cirrus cirrus storm storm
tropical tropical of of oscillation oscillation diurnal diurnal suspected suspected a a quantified quantified objectively objectively 1975, 1975,
in in six six and and 1974 1974 in in two two storms, storms, Atlantic Atlantic eight eight from from days days 16 16 of of analysis analysis An An : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
33124 33124 Fla. Fla. Gables, Gables, Coral Coral
NOAA, NOAA, Laboratory, Laboratory, Meteorology Meteorology Experimental Experimental and and Hurricane Hurricane National National 5. 5. : : Affiliation Affiliation
Griffith Griffith G. G. Cecilia Cecilia and and Woodley Woodley L. L. William William Browner, Browner, P. P. Stephanie Stephanie : : Authors Authors 4. 4.
available available is is English English 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
856-864 856-864 1977, 1977, July July pp. pp. 7, 7, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
storms storms tropical tropical
with with associated associated cloudiness cloudiness of of area area the the of of oscillation oscillation Diurnal Diurnal paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 6 6
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
...•.. ...•.. · ·
02108 02108 Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society Society 7. 7. Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
location. location. this this at at K K expected expected be be to to are are 2 2 than than
greater greater of of differences differences rms rms km, km, 200 200 approaches approaches observation observation satellite satellite and and
radiosonde radiosonde the the between between distance distance separation separation the the When When comparisons. comparisons. such such
between between K K disagreement disagreement rms rms 1 1 approximately approximately contribute contribute area area observed observed cally cally
radiometri the the over over variations variations temperature temperature horizontal horizontal that that was was conclusion conclusion
The The observations. observations. radiometric radiometric satellite satellite from from derived derived measurements measurements ing ing
correspond with with measurements measurements temperature temperature radiosonde radiosonde comparing comparing when when expect expect
should should one one disagreement disagreement of of amount amount the the assess assess to to used used were were results results The The
N.M. N.M. Range, Range, Missile Missile Sands Sands White White at at collected collected set set
data data a a from from km, km, 175 175 to to up up distances distances horizontal horizontal to to applicable applicable are are and and km km 15 15
to to surface surface the the from from altitudes altitudes at at several several -determined -determined were were estimates estimates These These
distance. distance. of of function function a a as as variability variability temperature temperature horizontal horizontal estimate estimate
to to analyzed analyzed statistically statistically was was observations observations temperature temperature of of sample sample large large A A Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Paso Paso El El at at Texas Texas of of 3university 3university
88002 88002 N.M. N.M. Range, Range, Missile Missile Sands Sands White White
Command, Command, Electronics Electronics Army Army U.S. U.S. Laboratory, Laboratory, Sciences Sciences Atmospheric Atmospheric
2
Paso Paso El El at at Texas Texas of of University University 5. 5. : : Affiliation Affiliation
1
Pierluissi3 Pierluissi3 H. H. Joseph Joseph and and Duncan D. D. Louis Louis , , Bruce E. E. Rufus Rufus : : Authors Authors 4. 4.
2 2 1
English English available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
493-496 493-496 1977, 1977, April April pp, pp, 4, 4, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
temperatures temperatures satellite-derived satellite-derived and and temperatures temperatures
radiosonde radiosonde between between relationship relationship the the of of study study Experimental Experimental paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
7 7
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 8 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Observations of isolated mesoscale cellular convection cells
2, Name of publication Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 105, No. 11, Nov. 1977, pp. 1478-1480
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Wayne V. Burt
5. Affiliation : School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
6, Abstract : What appeared to be isolated mesoscale convection cells embedded in an otherwise solid deck of strata-cumulus clouds were observed from a com mercial air liner as it approached the coast of the state of Washington on a flight from Tokyo. The presence of cells of the correct dimensions was confirmed by a satellite photograph of the area.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108
B. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
02108 02108 Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society· Society· 7. 7. Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
VHRR VHRR the the by by satellite satellite 3 3 NOAA NOAA the the aboard aboard measured measured
radiance radiance and and Ocean Ocean Atlantic Atlantic tropical tropical eastern eastern the the over over dust dust Saharan Saharan for for
depth depth optical optical aerosol aerosol between between described described is is relationship relationship near-linear near-linear A A Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
80302 80302 Co1o. Co1o.
Boulder, Boulder, NOAA, NOAA, Laboratory, Laboratory, Chemistry Chemistry and and Physics Physics Atmospheric Atmospheric
2
16802 16802 Park Park University University
University, University, State State Pennsylvania Pennsylvania The The 5. 5. Meteorology, Meteorology, of of Department Department Affiliation Affiliation
1
4. 4. Wendling Peter Peter and and Carlson N. N. Toby Toby Authors Authors
2 2 1 1
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1368-1371 1368-1371 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Dec. Dec. 12, 12, No. No. 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Meteorology, Meteorology, Applied Applied of of Journal Journal publication publication 2. 2. of of Name Name
dust dust Saharan Saharan for for depth depth optical optical
of of function function a a as as VHRR VHRR 3 3 NOAA NOAA measured measured by by Reflected radiance radiance Reflected paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
9 9
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 10 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Potential application of satellite temperature measurements in the analysis of land use over urban areas
2. Name of publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 58, No. 12, Dec. 1977, pp. 1301-1303
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : T.N. Carlson, J.A. Augustine and F.E. Boland
5. Affiliation : Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Fa, 16802
6. Abstract : Satellite-derived surface temperature maps of Los Angeles are presented for a day-night pair of orbits as an illustration of how the satellite may be used to study urban heating patterns, which are strongly influenced by human use of the land,
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108
8, Cost. if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological availability availability American American of of Source Source
view. view. of of fields fields the the
in in layers layers cloud cloud three three to to up up of of presence presence the the in in atmosphere, atmosphere, terrestrial terrestrial
the the in in bands bands C02 C02 15 15 and and 4.3 4.3 the the from from ~m ~m data, data, radiance radiance simulated simulated using using
method method the the of of accuracy accuracy and and stability stability the the illustrate illustrate to to out out carried carried are are
verifications verifications Numerical Numerical conditions. conditions. cloudless cloudless under under permitted permitted resolution resolution
vertical vertical and and accuracy accuracy of of degree degree same same the the with with profiles profiles temperature temperature pheric pheric
atmos clear-column clear-column the the of of determination determination the the to to leads leads and and view view of of fields fields
adjacent adjacent over over measurements measurements requires requires solution solution of of method method The The view. view. of of fields fields
the the in in layers layers cloud cloud of of number number the the or or clouds clouds the the of of properties properties spectral spectral
the the of of knowledge knowledge priori priori a a no no requires requires approach approach The The formations. formations. cloud cloud
multiple multiple of of case case the the to to here here extended extended is is layer layer cloud cloud single single a a of of presence presence
the the in in profiles profiles temperature temperature atmospheric atmospheric of of sounding sounding remote remote infrared infrared for for
1974) 1974) (Chahine, (Chahine, I I Part Part In In developed developed principle principle frequency-range frequency-range dual dual The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
91103 91103 Pasadena Pasadena
Technology, Technology, of of Institute Institute California California Laboratory, Laboratory, Propulsion Propulsion 5. 5. Jet Jet : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Chahine Chahine T. T. Moustafa Moustafa Author Author
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
744-757 744-757 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, May, May, 5, 5, No. No. 34, 34, Vol. Vol. Sciences, Sciences, Atmospheric Atmospheric of of Journal Journal publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
formations formations
cloud cloud
Multiple Multiple II. II. atmospheres. atmospheres. cloudy cloudy of of sounding sounding Remote Remote paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
ll ll AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paner Remote sounding of cloudy atmospheres. III. Experimental verifications
2. Name of publication Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Volo 34, No. 5, May, 1977, pp. 758-765
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : M.T. Chahine, H.H. Aumann, F.W. Taylor
5. Affiliation : Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103
6. Abstract : The cloud-filtering technique developed in Parts I and II of this study is experimentally verified in this paper. The verification is based on radiance data measured in the 4.3 and 15~ C02 bands using a multi detector sounder mounted on an aircraft. The results presented here show that, from the aircraft height of 7.6 km and in the presence of multiple cloud formations, it is possible to recover simultaneously: 1) The clear-column atmospheric temperature profile with an rms error of 1 K with respect to radiosondes. 2) The land and sea surface temperature at all sun zenith angles. The accuracy of the recovered sea-surface temperature is 0.5-1 K with respect to measured bucket temperatures. 3) The humidity profile (water vapor mixing ratio) with a precision of 10~ The fractional covers and heights of up to three cloud formations. tl The types of clouds, i.e., whether convective or nonconvective.
7· Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon. Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost. if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 22151, 22151, Virginia Virginia Springfield, Springfield,
Road Road Royal Royal Port Port 5285 5285
Building Building Sills Sills
Commerce Commerce of of Department Department U.S. U.S.
Service Service Information Information 7. 7. Technical Technical National National availability availability of of Source Source
reference. reference. quick quick for for chapter chapter this this of of
end end the the at at found found be be can can products products of of table table summary summary a a given; given; are are product product
the the of of example example an an and and users, users, primary primary of of list list a a applicable), applicable), (when (when
accuracies accuracies known known its its product, product, the the of of description description brief brief A A tape. tape. and and disk disk
computer computer on on available available data data alphanumeric alphanumeric raw raw the the to to messages messages teletype teletype
and and charts, charts, displays, displays, photographic photographic from from range range These These sciences. sciences. mental mental
environ the the within within applications applications for for available available and and produced produced routinely routinely
item item any any as as defined defined is is product product A A (1974). (1974). Products Products Satellite Satellite ational ational
Oper of of Catalog Catalog the the to to update update an an also also is is It It (NESS). (NESS). Service Service Satellite Satellite
Environmental Environmental National National the the of of products products operational operational available available currently currently
the the all all of of description description a a with with users users provide provide to to compiled compiled been been has has Services Services
and and
Products Products
Prediction Prediction and and Monitoring Monitoring Environmental Environmental NOAA NOAA of of volume volume This This : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
NOAA, NOAA,
Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National Compiler, Compiler, and and Editor Editor : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Dismachek Dismachek C. C. Dennis Dennis Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper 3. 3. the the which which in in Language Language
pp. pp. 102 102
1977, 1977,
June, June,
C., C., D. D.
Wash., Wash.,
88, 88, NESS NESS Memorandum Memorandum Technical Technical NOAA NOAA publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
Products Products of of Catalog Catalog
Service Service Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
13 13
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 14 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Pattern recognition of LANDSAT data based upon temporal trend analysis
2. Name of publication Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol,6, No, 4, 1977, pp. 303-314
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : John 1, Engvall, Jack D. Tubbs, Quentin A. Holmes
5. Affiliation : Mission Planning & Analysis Division, NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058
6, Abstract : The problem of deciding whether or not a classification of a Landsat agricultural scene is acceptable when no ground truth is available was addressed, The approach taken was to examine temporal trends of the Landsat mean vectors of crops, A procedure for agricultural crop clas sification was developed using a time series (multitemporal) of Landsat mean vectors for selected agricultural fields in Montana and Kansas for which ground truth was known. This procedure using the temporal trend of mean vectors (the temporal trend procedure) was then applied to the individual Landsat pixels in more than one hundred multitemporal data sets collec·bed throughout the wheat growing regions of the United States. The resulting classifications have compared favorably to ground truth es·timates for proportion of wheat in those cases where ground truth was available. This temporal trend procedure has been found to give estimates of the wheat proportion that are comparable to the b€st results obtained using maximum likelihood classification with photo-interpreter defined training fields. This classification scheme utilizing a temporal trend procedure is referred to as the 'Delta Classifier'. It is currently being used as an independent, end-of-the-growing-season check on the reasonable ness of maximum likelihood results in a quasi-operational Large Scale experiment (MacDonald et al., 1975).
1· Source of availability Subscription Department, Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide any. any. to to if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
fires. fires. the the from from resulting resulting patterns patterns smoke smoke the the of of images images
satellite satellite the the of of interpretation interpretation from from obtained obtained is is information information significant significant
Meteorologically Meteorologically satellite. satellite. polar-orbiting polar-orbiting NOAA-5 NOAA-5 the the of of perspective perspective the the
from from discussed discussed are are fires fires Alaskan Alaskan lightning-caused lightning-caused large-scale large-scale recent recent The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
20233 20233 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington, NOAA, NOAA, Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental
National National Group, Group, Sciences Sciences Environmental Environmental Group, Group, Oceanography Oceanography Spacecraft Spacecraft : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Matson Matson Michael Michael Ernst, Ernst, A. A. Authors Authors John John
available available 3. 3. English English is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1074-1076 1074-1076 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, October October 10, 10, No. No.
58, 58, Vol. Vol. Society, Society, Meteorological Meteorological American American the the of of Bulletin Bulletin publication publication of of Name Name 2, 2,
patterns patterns smoke smoke Alaskan Alaskan of of view view NOAA-5 NOAA-5 A A paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
15 15 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any. any. to to provide provide the the material material
Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. 20006 20006
1909 1909 K K Street, Street, N.W. N.W.
7-
Source Source of of availability availability American American Geophysical Geophysical Union Union
channels. channels.
of of cloud cloud parameter parameter determination determination using using the the combination combination of of infrared infrared
from from the the NOAA NOAA 4 4 satellite satellite are are compared, compared, the the case case study study shows shows some some promise promise
analyses analyses has has been been carried carried out. out. When When infrared infrared and and visible visible cloud cloud pictures pictures
mination mination of of the the cloud cloud thickness thickness based based on on the the theoretical theoretical sensitivity sensitivity
radiance. radiance. By By utilizing utilizing the the actual actual HIRS HIRS data data a a case case study study for for the the deter
is is minimized minimized by by dividing dividing the the clear clear column column radiance radiance into into the the cloudy cloudy
channels. channels. We We show show that that the the effect effect of of the the atmospheric atmospheric temperature temperature profile profile
have have a a greater greater sensitivity sensitivity to to changes changes in in cloud cloud scenes scenes than than longwave longwave C02 C02
present present in in the the C02 C02 channels. channels. Shortwave Shortwave C02 C02 channels channels are are further further shown shown to to
noted noted between between window window and and water water vapor vapor channel channel upwelling upwelling radiances radiances than than is is
functions functions peak peak in in or or above above the the thin thin middle middle cloud. cloud. More More variability variability is is
cirrus cirrus and and thick thick middle middle clouds clouds in in C02 C02 channels channels where where the the wighting wighting
show show a a greater greater decrease decrease in in the the upwelling upwelling radiance radiance in in comparison comparison with with thin thin
in in both both single single and and multicloud multicloud cases. cases. Thin- cirrus cirrus and and thin thin middle middle clouds clouds
results results show show that that thick thick cirrus cirrus cloud cloud reduces reduces the the upwelling upwelling radiance radiance most most
Nimbus Nimbus 6 6 high-resolution high-resolution infrared infrared sounder sounder (HIRS) (HIRS) channels. channels. Computational Computational
carried carried out out for for the the upwelling upwelling radiance radiance in in the the presence presence of of olouds olouds in in the the
high high clouds clouds and and for for multilayered multilayered clouds. clouds. Sensitivity Sensitivity analyses analyses are are
calculations calculations of of the the upwelling upwelling radiance radiance for for single single layers layers of of middle middle or or
atmosphere atmosphere for for a a range range of of satellite satellite scan scan angles. angles. The The model model allows allows the the
effects effects of of clouds clouds on on satellite satellite upwelling upwelling radiances radiances at at the the top top of of the the
An An 6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : infrared infrared radiative radiative transfer transfer model model is is developed developed that that can can simulate simulate the the
Utah Utah 84112 84112
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : Department Department of of Meteorology, Meteorology, University University of of Utah, Utah, City, City, Salt Salt Lake Lake
4. 4. Authors Authors Robert Robert G. G. Feddes, Feddes, Kuo-Nan Kuo-Nan Lieu Lieu
3· 3·
Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
1977. 1977. 5977-5989 5977-5989 pp. pp.
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Journal Journal of of Geophysical Geophysical 37, 37, Research, Research, Vol. Vol. 82, 82, No. No. December, December,
to to multilayered multilayered clouds clouds
1. 1. Title Title of of the the paper paper Sensitivity Sensitivity of of upwelling upwelling radiance radiance in in Nimbus Nimbus 6 6 HIRS HIRS channels channels
16 16 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES AMERICA AMERICA OF OF
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
20006 20006 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, K K 1909 1909
7. 7. Union Union Geophysical Geophysical American American availability availability of of Source Source
season. season. spring spring ihe ihe during during
area area that that for for prevalent prevalent interface interface density density the the along along forced forced tidally tidally are are
waves waves the the that that suggesting suggesting presented presented are are Arguments Arguments Sea. Sea. China China South South the the
in in Islands Islands ·Pratas ·Pratas the the around around refracting refracting waves waves internal internal of of occurrence occurrence the the
suggests suggests satellite satellite DMSP DMSP the the from from obtained obtained 1973 1973 May May 21 21 for for image image visible visible : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
93940 93940 California California Monterey, Monterey,
Facility Facility Research Research Prediction Prediction Environmental Environmental Naval Naval : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Rabe Rabe Kevin Kevin Fett, Fett, Robert Robert Authors Authors
English English 3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
189-191 189-191 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, May, May, 5, 5, No. No. 4, 4, Vol. Vol. Letters, Letters, Research Research Geophysical Geophysical publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
Sea Sea China China South South
the the in in refraction refraction wave wave internal internal of of observation observation Satellite Satellite pap·er pap·er the the 1. 1. of of Title Title
17 17 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
20009 20009 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, 19th 19th 1613 1613
7- America America of of Society Society Optical Optical availability availability of of Source Source
0.0038. 0.0038. within within to to
calculations calculations line-by-line line-by-line with with agree agree transmittances transmittances 40°, 40°, to to oo oo from from ranging ranging
angles angles zenith zenith For For 0.0031. 0.0031. of of accuracy accuracy an an with with angle angle zenith zenith zero zero at at
transmittamBs transmittamBs calculating calculating of of capable capable method method a a with with evaluated evaluated was was technique technique
This This constant. constant. is is ratio ratio mixing mixing the the provided provided profiles, profiles, temperature temperature
and and angles angles zenith zenith arbitrary arbitrary at at paths paths slant slant for for transmittances transmittances culate culate
cal to to possible possible is is it it angle, angle, fixed fixed a a at at transmittances transmittances calculating calculating for for
procedure procedure a a with with combined combined is is technique technique this this When When provided. provided. are are ficients ficients
coef expansion expansion the the calculating calculating for for Details Details used. used. are are operations operations metic metic
arith four four the the only only because because fast fast computationally computationally is is model model This This given. given. is is
dependence dependence angular angular the the calculating calculating for for model model accurate accurate and and fast, fast, simple, simple, A A
angles. angles. zenith zenith several several at at transmittances transmittances requir-e requir-e applications applications many many However, However,
ratio. ratio. mixing mixing constant constant a a with with gas gas absorbing absorbing an an for for angle angle zenith zenith given given a a
at at transmittance transmittance atmospheric atmospheric of of calculation calculation the the allow allow which which exist exist Models Models : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
20233 20233 C. C. D-._ D-._ Washington, Washington, Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National NOAA, NOAA, : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4- McMillin McMillin M. M. Larry Larry Fleming, Fleming, Authors Authors E. E. Henry Henry
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1366-1370 1366-1370 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, May, May, 5, 5, •. •. No No 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Optics, Optics, Applied Applied publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
angles angles zenith zenith different different at at
paths paths slant slant for for model model transmittance transmittance accurate accurate and and fast fast tionally tionally
gas. gas. absorbing absorbing computa an an of of A A 2: 2: transmittance transmittance Atmospheric Atmospheric paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 18 18
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
10017 10017 York, York, NY NY New New
Avenue Avenue 52 52 Vanderbi1t Vanderbi1t
Inc. Inc. North-Holland, North-Holland, 7- Elsevier Elsevier Department, Department, Subscription Subscription availability availability of of Source Source
one. one. reaches reaches sets sets test test and and training training the the
between between turbidity turbidity in in difference difference the the whenever whenever developed developed be be to to
has has set set ing ing
%, %,
train 15 15 new new a a exceed exceed to to not not are are areas areas rural rural of of errors errors classification classification
if if Hence, Hence, set. set. unmodified unmodified the the than than classification classification different different a a
have have
% %
pixels pixels the the of of 3 3 Only Only set. set. idependent idependent an an as as reclassified reclassified then then are are tions tions
observa modified modified The The modification. modification. the the of of result result a a as as changes changes pixels pixels
22% 22% the the of of of of classification classification The The turbidity. turbidity. atmospheric atmospheric in in 1.3 1.3 decrease decrease
a a with with associated associated be be can can changes changes These These 1. 1. Landsat Landsat by by measured measured amounts amounts
by by changed changed then then are are bands bands spectral spectral four four the the of of each each in in radiances radiances measured measured
The The algorithm. algorithm. likelihood likelihood maximum maximum a a of of use use for for set set training training a a as as serve serve
clusters clusters These These technique. technique. clustering clustering unsupervised unsupervised an an by by classified classified are are
observations observations The The presented. presented. is is scene scene rural rural a a of of observations observations 1 1 Landsat Landsat of of
classification classification
the the on on turbidity turbidity atmospheric atmospheric in in differences differences of of effect effect The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Iraq Iraq Baghdad, Baghdad, Alwiya, Alwiya, 2330, 2330, Box Box P.O. P.O. Minerals, Minerals, of of Organization Organization State State
20910 20910 Md. Md. Spring, Spring, Silver Silver Corporation, Corporation, Sciences Sciences Computer Computer
20771 20771 Md. Md. Greenbe1t, Greenbe1t,
Division, Division, Applications Applications Hydrospheric Hydrospheric and and Atmospheric Atmospheric Center, Center,
Flight Flight
Space Space
Goddard Goddard Administration, Administration, Space Space and and Aeronautics Aeronautics National National : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Al-Abbas Al-Abbas A.H. A.H. Bahethi, Bahethi, P. P. OM OM 4. 4. Fraser, Fraser, S. S. Robert Robert Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper 3. 3. the the which which in in Language Language
229-249 229-249 pp. pp.
1977, 1977,
3, 3,
No. No. 6, 6, Vol. Vol. Environment, Environment, of of Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
features features surface surface identify identify to to observations observations satellite satellite
of of
classification classification the the on on atmosphere atmosphere the the of of effect effect The The paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
19 19 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 20 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Temperature retrievals from satellite radiance measurements - An empirical method
2. Name of publication Journal of applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 2, Feb., 1977, pp. 172-176
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4· Author Sigmund Fritz
5. Affiliation Meteorology Program, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
6. Abstract This paper presents a method for using satellite measurements t.o inter polate vertical temperature soundings between radiosonde stations. The calculations presented show that especially in the 1000-·800 mb layer, where linear methods. of temperature retrieval usually contain large errors, the proposed method reduces the errors substantially. The method finds a set of coefficients, which when multiplied by cor responding measured radiance quantities, yield zero temperature error at a radiosonde station. This derived set of coefficients is then applied to satellite radiance measurements at places between the radiosonde stations. The computations show, for example, that the average absolute error in the layer 1000-800 rob is only 0.3 K when the corresponding 11 minimum-information11 method error was 2. 9 K. The method may be most applicable to measurements from geostationary satellites, but should also be applicable to measurements from polar orbiting satellites under certain conditions.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 22151, 22151, Virginia Virginia Springfield, Springfield,
Road Road Royal Royal Port Port 5285 5285
Building Building Sills Sills
Commerce Commerce of of Department Department U.S. U.S.
Service Service 7· 7· Information Information Technical Technical National National availability availability of of Source Source
system. system. satellite satellite
operational operational
present present the the of of capability capability the the of of assessment assessment an an with with together together
presented presented are are information information other other and and results results These These 9 9 knots. knots. about about of of
deviation deviation
standard standard a a and and knots, knots, 4 4 minus minus of of difference difference algebraic algebraic average average an an
knots, knots, 8 8
about about of of difference difference absolute absolute average average an an showed showed wind wind sustained sustained
maximum maximum
the the estimating estimating in in accuracy accuracy The The miles. miles. nautical nautical 14 14 about about of of
deviation deviation
standard standard a a with with miles miles nautical nautical 17 17 approximately approximately was was locations locations
track track
best best
and and locations locations satellite satellite between between difference difference average average The The able. able.
avail
also also
was was reconnaissance reconnaissance aerial aerial when when periods periods during during only only made made were were
comparisons comparisons
however, however, estimates; estimates; satellite satellite the the from from partly partly determined determined are are
themselves themselves tracks'' tracks''
best best the the because because
independent independent completely completely not not are are
data data
11
These These
achieved. achieved.
accuracy accuracy of of measure measure the the
establish establish to to data data tracks' "best "best
1 1
Center's Center's
Hurricane Hurricane National National the the with with compared compared were were estimates estimates The The 1. 1. No. No.
Satellite Satellite
Environmental Environmental Operational Operational Geostationary Geostationary the the from from pictures pictures
to to
applied applied were were
techniques techniques The The 1976). 1976). (l975o (l975o Poteat Poteat and and Hebert Hebert and and (1975) (1975)
Dvorak Dvorak
by by
developed developed techniques techniques using using made made were were Mexico Mexico of of Gulf Gulf the the
and and
Sea, Sea,
Caribbean Caribbean the the Ocean, Ocean, Atlantic Atlantic North North the the in in cyclones cyclones subtropical subtropical and and
tropical tropical
all all
of of winds winds
sustained sustained maximum maximum and and locations locations the the of of Estimates Estimates : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Florida Florida Miami, Miami, NOAA, NOAA, Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National
Station Station Services Services Field Field Satellite Satellite : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Torres Torres F.E. F.E.
Poteat, Poteat,
r~.O. r~.O.
Pearce, Pearce, S.C. S.C. Mayfield, Mayfield, B.M. B.M. Lushine, Lushine, J.B. J.B. Gaby, Gaby, 4. 4. D.C. D.C. Authors Authors
English English available available is is the the paper paper which which in in 3. 3. Language Language
33 33 PP• PP•
1977, 1977,
April, April,
C., C., D. D.
\·lash., \·lash., 87, 87,
NESS NESS Memorandum Memorandum Technical Technical NOAA NOAA publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
1976 1976 for for
classifications classifications
cyclone cyclone
subtropical subtropical and and
tropical tropical Atlantic Atlantic paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
21 21 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STA'rE:S STA'rE:S UNITED UNITED 22 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Synoptic-scale studies using the Nimbus 6 scanning microwave spectrometer
2, Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol.l6, No. B, Aug., 1977, pp. 816-826
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Norman C. Grody, Paul P. Pellegrino
5. Affiliation : National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C.20233
6. Abstract : Several frontal systems over Europe in August 1975 and January and Feb- ruary 1976 are examined using scanning micr"owave spectrometer (SCAMS) data. Comparisons are made with thermal fields constructed from radiosonde temperatures. Because of the cloud penetrating property of microwave radiation, together with the high stability and sensitivity of the SCAMS instrument, many of the problems encountered with infrared remote sensing instruments are absent in the SCAMS measurements. Synoptic-scale fea tures displayed by the SCAMS retrievals are comparable with radiosonde temperature analyses under both clear and cloudy conditions. Results from the synoptic-scale studies confirm the theoretical expectations of standard error, which are 2.2, 2.3, 2.9 and 3.6 Kat the 700, 500, 300 and lOO mb levels, respectively. These SCAMS results were obtained using ''theoretical" temperature retrieval coefficients, which are based on the simulated SCAMS response to a historical sample of independent temper ature statistics and as such are unbiased toward any particular meteoro logical situation. The independence of SCAMS results is substantiated by the small differences found at pressures greater than 300 mb using "derived" temperature retrieval coefficients based on SCAMS measured response to a set of dependent radiosonde temperatures. At pressures less than 300mb the lack of better weighting functions necessitates the use of improved statistical information in the theoretical coefficients.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
B. Cost. if any, to provide the material
1 1 material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost B. B.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 22151, 22151, Virginia Virginia Springfield, Springfield,
Road Road Royal Royal Port Port 5285 5285
Building Building Sills Sills
Commerce Commerce of of Department Department U.S. U.S.
7· 7· Service Service Information Information Technical Technical National National availability availability of of Source Source
W·m-2, W·m-2, 248 248
as as longwave longwave outgoing outgoing the the and and 32.3% 32.3% as as calculated calculated was was albedo albedo global global The The
radiation. radiation. net net and and
9 9
radiation absorbed absorbed radiation, radiation, longwave longwave outgoing outgoing albedo, albedo, i.e., i.e., parameters, parameters,
balance balance radiation radiation the the of of maps maps annual annual and and averages averages global global and and zonal zonal monthly monthly
mean mean as as such such results, results, averaged averaged temporally temporally and and spatial spatial broad broad the the on on placed placed
been been has has Emphasis Emphasis 1975. 1975. May May through through 1974 1974 June June period period annual annual the the for for
presented presented are are Results Results data. data. operational operational the the from from budget budget radiation radiation the the
estimating estimating in in used used approximations approximations and and methods methods the the describes describes report report This This
tinuing. tinuing.
con are are and and 1974 1974 June June since since made made
been been have have balance balance radiation radiation atmosphere atmosphere
1
Earth the the of of Calculations Calculations um). um). 12.5 to to (10.5 (10.5 window window atmospheric atmospheric the the
in in radiation radiation longwave longwave emitted emitted and and Alffi) Alffi) 0.7 0.7 to to (0.5 (0.5 range range visible visible the the in in
radiation radiation reflected reflected observed observed channels channels two two The The satellites. satellites. operational operational
NOAA NOAA the the aboard aboard radiometer radiometer scanning scanning two-channel two-channel the the by by obtained obtained vations vations
obser using using calculated calculated been been has has budget budget radiation radiation Earth-atmosphere Earth-atmosphere The The Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
NOAA NOAA Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National
Laboratory, Laboratory, Satellite Satellite 5. 5. Meteorological Meteorological Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Gruber Gruber Arnold Arnold Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in ). ). Language Language
pp. pp. 28 28 1977, 1977, Nov. Nov.
C., C., D. D.
Wash., Wash., 76, 76, NESS NESS Report Report Technical Technical NOAA NOAA publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
data data satellite satellite NOAA NOAA
from from
budget budget
radiation radiation earth-atmosphere earth-atmosphere the the of of Determination Determination paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
23 23
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 24 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976
2. Name of publication Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 105, No. 4, April, 1977, pp. 508-522
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4- Author Emil B. Gunther
5. Affiliation : Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center, National Weather Service, NOAA, Redwood City, California 94063
6. Abstract : A summary of the 1976 season is presented. Included are seasonal statistics, storm tracks and comparisons with activity in recent years.
7- Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
1 1 material material the the provide provide to to any! any! if if Cost Cost 8. 8.
20006 20006 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, K K 1909 1909
Union Union Geophysical Geophysical American American 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
area. area. that that in in geoids geoids metric metric
gravi
with with agreement agreement good good shows shows area area calibration calibration GEOS-3 GEOS-3 the the in in geoid geoid
recovered recovered
The The
reductionsa reductionsa SARRA SARRA AFGL AFGL the the for for requirement requirement stringent stringent a a not not
are are orbits orbits
reference reference accurate accurate highly highly that that indicate indicate results results Preliminary Preliminary
program. program.
SARRA SARRA the the with with processed processed been been have have Atlantic Atlantic North North the the of of
portion portion
a a
and and
Oceans Oceans Pacific Pacific South South and and Indian Indian the the of of areas areas adjacent adjacent over over data data
Altimetric Altimetric
reductions. reductions. the the in in adjustment adjustment orbital orbital the the of of virtue virtue by by tions tions
determina
geoid geoid precise precise for for adequate adequate are are meters meters 20 20 approximately approximately to to good good
Orbits Orbits
analysis. analysis. function function kernel kernel the the by by defined defined as as coefficients coefficients surface surface
the the and and
parameters parameters orbit orbit the the of of recovery recovery simultaneous simultaneous the the is is
of of SARRA SARRA
feature feature
unique unique A A satellite. satellite. GEOS-3 GEOS-3 the the from from observations observations altimetric altimetric with with
determination determination geoid geoid for for used used been been has has Altimetry) Altimetry) Radar Radar of of Reduction Reduction Arc Arc
(Short (Short
SARRA SARRA
program program computer computer (AFGL) (AFGL) Laboratory Laboratory Geophysics Geophysics Force Force Air Air The The Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
32901 32901 Florida Florida Melbourne, Melbourne, Inc., Inc., Systems, Systems, DBA DBA
01731 01731 Massachusetts Massachusetts Bedford, Bedford, AFB, AFB, Hanscom Hanscom
Division, Division,
Sciences Sciences Terrestrial Terrestrial Laboratory, Laboratory, Geophysics Geophysics 5. 5. Force Force Air Air Affiliation Affiliation
Trotter Trotter E. E. Jerry Jerry Hadgigeorge, Hadgigeorge, George George Authors: Authors: 4. 4.
English English available available is is paper paper 3. 3. the the which which in in Language Language
223-226 223-226 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, June, June,
6, 6,
.. .. No No
4, 4, Vol. Vol.
Letters, Letters, Research Research Geophysical Geophysical publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
data data
altimetric altimetric GEOS-3 GEOS-3 of of reductions reductions arc arc Short Short paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
25 25
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 26 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Stationary planetary waves in the southern hemisphere
2. Name of publication Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 31, Oct., 1977, pp. 4930-4934
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Dennis 1. Hartmann
5. Affiliation : National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307
6. Abstract : Zonal cross sections of the monthly means of zonal wind and of the phase and amplitude of the planetary waves in the southern hemisphere for the region from the surface to 0.2 mbar are presented for the months of July and August 1973. The data used include satellite-based observations of temperature, and the results compare well with operational height analyses in the troposphere. Large amplitudes are found for zonal wave numbers 1, 2, and 3. Simultaneous zonal wind and wave structure changes appear to be qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions.
7. Source of availability American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
Kingdom Kingdom
United United IBX, IBX, RG12 RG12 1 1 Berkshire Berkshire Bracknell
Place Place Greenville Greenville
House House Glaisher Glaisher James James
Society Society
Meteorological Meteorological Royal Royal availability availability 7. 7. of of Source Source
equator. equator.
the the of of
south south
the the
to to
immediately immediately
tongue tongue
water water cold cold
the the in in
and and coasts coasts
west west
the the
off off
currents currents cold cold
the the of of
realm realm the the
in in
conspicuous conspicuous particularly particularly is is
export export
heat heat
Oceanic Oceanic
atmosphere. atmosphere.
the the of of
top top
the the at at
system system the the to to
input input
radiative radiative net net the the
of of
% %
(import) (import)
120 120
- to to % %
(export) (export)
82 82 + + from from ranges ranges
body body water water
oceanic oceanic
the the
within within
transport transport
heat heat of of
divergence divergence the the squares, squares,
Marsden Marsden
individual individual
For For
column. column.
atmospheric atmospheric
the the
v. v. body body
water water oceanic oceanic
the the
by by performed performed
export export
heat heat of of
partitioning partitioning
a a permit permit
atmosphere, atmosphere, the the
of of
top top the the at at
radiation radiation
net net of of
measurements measurements
satellite satellite with with
conjunction conjunction in in
Pacific, Pacific,
eastern eastern
and and
Atlantic Atlantic
tropical tropical the the for for
budget budget heat heat
oceanic oceanic the the
of of Calculations Calculations : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Wisconsin, Wisconsin, of of University University : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Hastenrath Hastenrath Stefan Stefan 4. 4. Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in 3. 3. Language Language
519-526 519-526
pp. pp. 1977, 1977, July July
103, 103,
Vol. Vol.
Society, Society,
Meteorological Meteorological Royal Royal the the
of of
Journal Journal
Quarterly Quarterly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
Pacific Pacific eastern eastern and and
Atlantic Atlantic
tropical tropical
budget: budget:
heat heat
global global the the
in in ocean ocean
and and
atmosphere atmosphere of of
role role Relative Relative paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
27 27
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, B. B.
10017 10017 NY NY York, York, New New
Avenue Avenue Vanderbilt Vanderbilt 52 52
Inc. Inc. North-Holland, North-Holland, Elsevier Elsevier 7. 7. Subscription-Department, Subscription-Department, availability availability of of Source Source
ton/ha. ton/ha. metric metric 2.9 2.9 to to 1.0 1.0 from from ranged ranged region region five-state five-state in in
yields yields Estimated Estimated Panhandle, Panhandle, Texas Texas the the and and Colorado, Colorado, south-eastern south-eastern Kansas, Kansas,
south-western south-western Panhandle, Panhandle, Nebraska Nebraska the the for for high high were were depletions depletions soil-water soil-water
Estimated Estimated growth. growth. crop crop -in -in changes changes to to responded responded model model ET ET the the input, input, an an
as as used used was was LAI LAI Because Because (1977). (1977). al. al. et et Kanemasu Kanemasu by by described described model model (ET) (ET)
evapotranspiration evapotranspiration an an and and (LAI) (LAI) index index area area leaf leaf of of estimates estimates (Landsat) (Landsat)
satellite satellite using using Plains Plains Great Great the the of of region region five-state five-state a a for for yields yields
winter-wheat winter-wheat and and conditions conditions soil-moisture soil-moisture evaluated evaluated we we season, season, growing growing
1975-76 1975-76 the the In In ba-sis. ba-sis. regional regional a a on on yields yields winter-wheat winter-wheat estimating estimating for for
important important
is is
growth growth crop crop to to limiting limiting is is moisture moisture soil soil where where areas areas Locating Locating : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
66506 66506 KS KS Manhattan, Manhattan,
UniVersity, UniVersity,
State State Kansas Kansas Annex, Annex, Waters Waters Laboratory, Laboratory, Evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
Rasmussen Rasmussen V.P. V.P. Bagley, Bagley, J.O. J.O. Kanemasu, Kanemasu, 4. 4. E.T. E.T. Heilman, Heilman, J.L. J.L. Authors Authors
3· 3· English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
315-326 315-326 pp. pp.
4, 4,
1977, 1977, No. No. 6, 6, Vol. Vol. Environment, Environment, of of Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
data data Landsat Landsat using using Plains Plains Great Great
the the
in in
wheat wheat winter winter of of yield yield and and moisture moisture soil soil Evaluating Evaluating paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 28 28 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 29
l. Title of the paper Deriving me so scale temp.erature and moisture fields from satellite radiance measurements over the United States
2. Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol.l6, No. 7, July, 1977, pp. 715-726
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Donald W. Hillger, Thomas H. Vender Haar
5. Affiliation : Department of Atmos-pheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
6. Abstract : The ability to provide mesoscale temperature and moisture fields from operational satellite infrared sounding radianoes over the United States is explored. High-resolution sounding information for mesoscale analysis and forecasting is shown to be obtainable in mostly clear areas. An iterative retrieval algorithm applied to NOAA-'lTPR radiances uses a mean radiosonde sounding as a best initial guess profile. Temperature soundings are then retrieved at a horizontal resolution of___. 70 km, as is an indication of the precipitable water content of the vertical sounding columns. Derived temperature values may be biased in general by the initial guess sounding, or in certain areas by the cloud correction technique, but the resulting relative temperature changes across the field when not contaminated by clouds will be useful for mesosoale forecasting and models. The derived moisture, however, since affected only by high clouds, proves to be reliable to within 0.5 cm of precipitable water and contains valuable horizontal information. Present day applications from polar orbiting satellites as well as possibilities from upcoming temperature and moisture sounders on geostationary satellites are noted.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
B. Cost, if any. to provide the material 30 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Remote sensing of ocean calor
2. Name of publication Optical Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1977, pp. 158-166
3- Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors W.A. Hovis, K.C. Leung
5. Affiliation National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environ mental Satellite Service, Washington, D.C. 20233 Computer Sciences Corporation, 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
6. Abstract Remote sensing of ocean color offers the potential of monitoring some of the characteristics of the upper layer of the ocean, on a global basis, by use of sensors on satellites or aircraft. Calor sensing has been shown to be of use for parameters such as chlorophyll and sediment con centration and the location and motion of pollutants due to ocean dumping. A major obstacle to remote sensing of ocean calor from satellites or high altitude aircraft is backscatter of sunlight by the atmosphere. This backscatter, consisting of reasonably predictable Rayleigh scattering and unpredictable Mie scattering, will constitute the majority of the signal seen by a high altitude sensor. In addition, some of the sunlight scattered from the ocean is scattered out of the sensor field of view by the atmosphere. The result is a low contrast signal with the oceano graphic information contained in 20 % or less of the total detectable signal. Aircraft flight tests, with concurrent surface truth measurements have been carried out at altitudes up to 19.8 km with spectrometers and multi spectral imagers. Analysis techniques have been developed that allow meaningful, quantitative calculation of ocean water content to be made from the remotely sensed calor. The results have led to a satellite sensor, the Coastal Zone Calor Scanner, to be flown on Nimbus G in 1978.
7. Source of availability : Journal o-f the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Box 10 Bellingham, Washington 98225
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
10017 10017 NY NY York, York, New New
Avenue Avenue Vanderbilt Vanderbilt 52 52
Inc. Inc.
North-Holland, North-Holland,
Elsevier Elsevier
Department, Department, Subscription Subscription 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
glitter. glitter. sun sun with with
data data
the the
taminate taminate
con
not not
do do
boundary boundary the the
of of sides sides both both on on states states
sea sea
the the that that
confirm confirm
first first
must must
waters waters
boundary boundary of of
analysis analysis colour colour water water
that that
establishes establishes study study
this this
0.54.)Lm, 0.54.)Lm,
and and
MID MID 0.485 0.485 at at
centered centered bands bands visible visible the the
Using Using
boundary. boundary.
the the at at
locally locally exists exists 67 67
meters meters per per l°C l°C of of gradient gradient
a a
(10.2-12.5)LID); (10.2-12.5)LID);
band band
thermal thermal
the the in in
defined defined
sharply sharply is is currents currents two two the the
between between
boundary boundary
The The
Argentina. Argentina. of of
coast coast
east east the the off off currents currents Brazil Brazil
the the
and and
Falkland Falkland
the the
of of
confluence confluence
the the
at at
water water the the of of
signature signature
spectral spectral
the the study study to to
used used
were were
1973, 1973, 2, 2,
September September
on on
acquired acquired data data
scanner scanner multispectral multispectral SKYLAB SKYLAB Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
Texas Texas
Houston, Houston,
Administration, Administration, Space Space and and Aeronautics Aeronautics National National
Texas Texas
Houston, Houston,
Company, Company, Electronics Electronics Lockheed Lockheed 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
Norris Norris R. R. Dean Dean Johnson, Johnson, R. R. 4. 4. William William Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
271-288 271-288
pp. pp. 1977, 1977, 4, 4,
No. No. 6, 6, Vol. Vol.
Environment, Environment, of of
Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
SKYLAB SKYLAB from from currents currents Falkland Falkland the the
and and
Brazil Brazil the the
between between
interface interface
the the
of of analysis analysis multispectral multispectral A A paper paper the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
31 31
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. Cost. Cost. if if 8. 8.
20009 20009 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, 19th 19th 1613 1613
America America of of 7. 7. Society Society Optical Optical availability availability of of Source Source
clouds. clouds. broken broken
of of presence presence the the in in even even temperatures, temperatures, top top cloud cloud and and surface surface as as well well as as
distribution, distribution, vapor vapor water water and and temperature temperature of of retrievals retrievals resolution resolution high high
obtaining obtaining for for presented presented is is system system complete complete a a of of concept concept The The troposphere. troposphere.
the the in in resolution resolution vertical vertical 2-km 2-km about about yielding yielding of of capable capable is is that that region region
4.2-)LID 4.2-)LID the the in in found found been been has has channels channels of of set set A A temperature. temperature. and and pressure pressure
with with functions, functions, weighting weighting the the thereby thereby and and
coefficients, coefficients,
absorption absorption the the of of
2 2
variation variation
the the of of co advantage advantage taking taking by by of of band band the the in in 4.3-~ 4.3-~ rements rements
measu band-pass band-pass narrow narrow chosen chosen carefully carefully from from obtained obtained be be can can resolution resolution
vertical vertical
improved improved significantly significantly with with soundings soundings temperature temperature Atmospheric Atmospheric : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
10025 10025 N.Y. N.Y. York, York, New New
Studies Studies Space Space for for Institute Institute Center, Center, Flight Flight Space Space Goddard Goddard NASA NASA
91103 91103 California California Pasadena, Pasadena,
Laboratory Laboratory Propulsion Propulsion Jet Jet Technology, Technology, of of Institute Institute California California
60637 60637 Illinois Illinois Chicago, Chicago,
Sciences Sciences
Geophysical Geophysical of of Department Department Chicago, Chicago, of of University University : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Searl Searl E. E. James James Susskind, Susskind, Joel Joel 4. 4. Chahine, Chahine, T. T. Moustafa Moustafa Kaplan, Kaplan, D. D. Authors Authors Lewis Lewis
English English available available 3. 3. is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
322-325 322-325 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, Feb., Feb., 2, 2, No, No, 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Optics, Optics, Applied Applied publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
sounder sounder satellite satellite precision precision high high a a for for passes passes band band paper paper Spectral Spectral the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES 32 32 UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
7· 7·
Society Society Meteorological Meteorological availability availability of of American American Source Source
ely. ely.
respectiv
sources, sources,
data data program program DNEPH DNEPH 3 3 and and reports reports pilot pilot
by by for for
counted counted
ac
varianoes varianoes
the the
%of %of 55 55 %and %and 88 88 with with brightness brightness and and thickness thickness
cloud cloud
between between
correlation correlation
the the in in increases increases reveal reveal analyses analyses
regression regression
these these
of of
Results Results
mass. mass.
air air
tropical tropical maritime maritime unstable unstable an an is is origin origin
whose whose
cases cases
those those
excluding excluding
sources sources
data data thickness thickness both both on on performed performed are are
analyses analyses sion sion
regres
brightness, brightness, cloud cloud
the the on on compositions compositions cloud cloud of of effect effect
the the of of
view view
in in
Moreover, Moreover,
thickness. thickness. cloud cloud the the in in variance variance the the of of % % 46 46
for for counting counting
ac
brightness brightness
and and
thicknesses thicknesses DNEPH DNEPH 3 3 relating relating curve curve regression regression
the the and and
thickness, thickness, cloud cloud the the
in in
variance variance the the of of % % 66 66 for for accounting accounting brightness brightness and and
thicknesses thicknesses
report report pilot pilot
relating relating curve curve regression regression the the by by
shown shown
are are results results
The The
data. data.
radiometer radiometer
scanning scanning the the with with conjunction conjunction in in used used
sources sources
data data
thickness thickness both both
on on
performed performed are are analyses analyses Regression Regression radiometer. radiometer.
scanning scanning
satellite satellite
NOAA-4 NOAA-4 the the
from from obtained obtained are are values values Brightness Brightness layers. layers.
cumulus cumulus
strata and and stratus stratus
single single of of cases cases for for (3DNEPR) (3DNEPR) program program nephanalysis nephanalysis
three-dimensional three-dimensional
the the
and and reports reports pilot pilot sources; sources; two two from from obtained obtained
are are
thicknesses thicknesses Cloud Cloud
method. method. least-square least-square the the using using analyses analyses
regression regression by by
shown shown is is
brightness brightness
and and
thickness thickness
cloud cloud
between between correlation correlation statistical statistical : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
84112 84112
City City Lake Lake
Salt Salt
Utah, Utah, of of
University University Mete_orology, Mete_orology, of of Department Department : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
Kuo-Nan-Liou Kuo-Nan-Liou Feddes, Feddes, G. G. Robert Robert Kaveney, Kaveney, 4. 4. John John William William Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
99-107 99-107 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Jan., Jan., 1, 1, No. No.
105, 105,
Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
data data radiometer radiometer
scanning scanning
4 4
NOAA NOAA
from from thickness thickness
cloud cloud of of inference inference Statistical Statistical paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
33 33
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 34 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Ti t.le of the paper 'Seasonal oceanic precipitation frequencies from Nimbus 5 microwave data
2. Name of publication Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 15, May, 1977, PP• 2083-2086
3. Language i-n which the paper is available English
4. Authors Stanl-ey Q. Kidder, Thomas H. Vende-r Haar
5. Affiliation : Department ·of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University., Fort Collins, Color-ado 80523
6.. Abstract : Microwave brightness temperature data rrom the Nimbus 5 satellite have been analysed by using threshold brightness temperatures to yield tropi cal oceanic precipitation frequencies for several classes of rainfall rates during the season Dece.mber 1972 through February 1973. Data taken near local noon and near local midnight were analysed. The overall results are consistent with both climatological precipitation frequency and with concurrent satellite-de-rived frequency of highly reflective clouds. The difference between the local noon and the local midnight frequency is small, but the heavier rainfall rates tend to occur more frequently near local noon. The ratios of the frequencies of light, moderate, and heavy rain were observed to be relatively constant over the tropical oceans. Passive microwave measurements from space seem to be an important step toward accurate measurement of oceanic precipitation.
7. Source of availability American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the s. s. provide provide to to any, any, Cost, Cost, if if
10017 10017 NY NY York, York, New New
Avenue Avenue 52 52 Vanderbilt Vanderbilt
Inc. Inc.
North-Holland, North-Holland, Elsevier Elsevier Department, Department, 7- Subscription Subscription availability availability of of Source Source
predictions. predictions. model model and and measurements measurements boat boat with with agreed agreed side side Delaware Delaware
the the on on fronts fronts ebb-associated ebb-associated and and Bay Bay the the of of side side Jersey Jersey New New the the on on fronts fronts
flood-associated flood-associated of of observations observations Satellite Satellite cycle. cycle. tidal tidal the the of of tions tions
por all all over over systems systems frontal frontal of of extent extent and and location location the the determining determining of of
means means effective effective most most the the provided provided satellites satellites LANDSAT LANDSAT model. model. spreading spreading
and and drift drift oil oil an an improving improving for for basis basis a a provide provide to to order order in in pollutants pollutants on on
effect effect their their and and Bay Bay Delaware Delaware in in fronts fronts of of types types different different of of behavior behavior
the the study study to to used used were were boats boats and and aircraft aircraft Satellites, Satellites, column. column. water water
the the into into down down them them drawing drawing and and films films surface surface in in concentrated concentrated lutants lutants
pol other other and and slicks slicks oil oil capturing capturing by by dispersion, dispersion, pollutant pollutant influence influence
strongly strongly fronts fronts Such Such fields. fields. density density and and velocity velocity water water the the being being
important important most most the the interest, interest, physical physical of of parameters parameters various various in in tinuity tinuity
discon or or
gradient gradient high high extremely extremely of of regions regions represent represent fronts fronts Density Density Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
19711 19711 Delaware Delaware
Newark, Newark, Delaware, Delaware, of of University University Studies, Studies, Marine Marine of of College College 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
4- Polis Polis D.F. D.F. Klemas, Klemas, V. V. Authors Authors
English English available available 3. 3. is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
95-126 95-126 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, 2, 2, No. No. 6, 6, Vol. Vol. Environment, Environment, of of Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
pollutants pollutants
coastal coastal on on effects effects their their and and fronts fronts density density of of study study A A paper paper the the of of l. l. Title Title
35 35
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
45 45 Street Street Beacon Beacon
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological availability availability American American of of Source Source
significant. significant. be be to to found found and and discussed discussed are are
observations, observations, radiance radiance infrared infrared inverting inverting in in emissivity emissivity surface surface correct correct
in an an of of use use to to due due temperatures temperatures atmospheric atmospheric and and surface surface retrieved retrieved in in
error error resultant resultant the the and and land, land, over over emissivity emissivity surface surface of of variability variability The The : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
10025 10025 N.Y. N.Y. York, York, New New
Center, Center, Space Space Goddard Goddard Studies, Studies, Space Space for for Institute Institute NASA, NASA, 5. 5. : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Susskind Susskind J. J. Authors Authors J. J. Kornfield, Kornfield,
3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the English English which which in in Language Language
1605-1608 1605-1608 PP• PP•
1977, 1977, Dec., Dec., 12, 12, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather publication publication of of Monthly Monthly Name Name 2. 2.
retrievals retrievals temperature temperature on on emissivity emissivity surface surface of of effect effect the the On On paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES 36 36 UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society Society Meteorological Meteorological 7. 7. American American availability availability of of Source Source
landfall. landfall. to to prior prior period period h h 24 24 the the during during cally cally
dramati
weakening weakening after after Island Island Long Long struck struck Belle Belle Hurricane Hurricane latitudes. latitudes.
low low
unusually unusually at at east east the the toward toward recurved recurved Atlantic Atlantic north north and and central central
the the
in in
storms storms Two Two Sea, Sea, Caribbean Caribbean or or Mexico Mexico of of Gulf Gulf the the either either in in
storms storms
named named any any of of
absence absence the the include include season season 1976 1976 the the of of aspects aspects Interesting Interesting
storms. storms. individual individual of of accounts accounts
detailed detailed
with with
along along
presented presented is is
season season
hurricane hurricane Atlantic Atlantic 1976 1976 the the of of summary summary : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
33124 33124 Fla. Fla. Miami, Miami,
NOAA, NOAA,
Service, Service,
\Veather \Veather National National Center, Center, Hurricane Hurricane National National : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Lawrence Lawrence B. B. Miles Miles Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
497-507 497-507 pp. pp.
4, 4, 1977, 1977,
Apr., Apr.,
No. No.
105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
1976 1976 of of season season hurricane hurricane Atlantic Atlantic paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
37 37
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 38 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Satellite observations of trochoidal motion during hurricane Belle 1976
2. Name of publication Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 105, No. 11, Nov., 1977 pp. 1458-1461
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Miles B. Lawrence, Britt Max Mayfield
5. Affiliation : NOAA, NWS, National Hurricane Center, Miami, Fla. 33124 NOAA, NESS Satellite Field Services Station, Miami, Fla. 33124
6. Abstract : A series of satellite pictures is composited to illustrate that small- scale trochoidal motion of a hurricane is detectable by satellite.
1· Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 39
1. Title of the paper Long waves in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean A view from a geostationary satellite
2. Name of publication Science, Vol. 197, Sep. 1977, pp. 1179-1181
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Richard Legeckis
5. Affiliation National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20233
6. Abstract During 1975, westward-moving long waves with a period of about 25 days and a wavelength of 1000 kilometers were observed at a sea surface temperature front in the equatorial Pacific on infrared images obtained by a geostationary environmental satellite system. The absence of these waves during 1976, and the above-average equatorial sea surface temper atures during 1976, may be related to a decrease in the southeasterly trade winds during that year.
7. Source of availability Science 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005
B. Cost, if any. to provide the material 40 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Analysis of 1.4 GHz radiometric measurements from SKYLAB
2. Name of publication Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1977, pp. 251-269
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Robert M. Lerner, James P. Hollinger
5. Affiliation : Advanced Spaced Sensing Applications Branch, Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375
6. Abstract : Results from the 1.4 GHz, S-194, microwave radiometer located on the SKYLAB satellite are presented. The objective of the investigation is to establish the degree to which quantitative measurements of sea surface temperature, salinity and related marine wind fields can be made using the S-194 radiometer. The analysis of the S-194 data demonstrates that it is possible to make measurements of the brightness temperature of open ocean areas with an RMS absolute accuracy of± 1.3 K over a wide range of environmental conditions. The S-194 is relatively insensitive to sea surface temperature changes and, even though measurements are available over a range in sea surface temperature of 30°C, no significant change in the measured antenna temperature was detected. However, S-194 is relatively sensitive to changes in surface salinity; and the analysis of data taken over the open ocean shows that salinity can be determined to an accuracy of~ 2 parts per thousand. Further, it is shown that it is possible to accurately model complex regions such as lakes and bays, where a significant portion of the antenna beam is filled by land, and obtain excellent agreement between calculated and measured antenna tem peratures. Open ocean measurements, obtained over the wide range in winds speeds of from 0 to 48 knots, show the antenna temperature to be weakly, but unambiguously, correlated with wind speed, The wind speed dependence determined, of 0.16 K/knot, indicates that surface wind speed can be measured to an accuracy of~S knots using the S-194.
7· Source of availability Subscription Department, Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material : UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 41
l. Title of the paper Remote sensing of the thickness and composition of cirrus clouds from satellites
2. Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan., 1977, pp. 91-99
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Kuo-Nan Liou
5. Affiliation : Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112
6. Abstract : A retrieval technique is presented for the determination of the surface temperature, the thickness and transmissivity of cirrus clouds, and the fraction of the cirrus cloudiness by means of four observed upwelling radiances in the 10~ window region. On the basis of radiative transfer calculations for mean wavenumbers of 900, 950, 1100 and 1150 cm-1, assump tions are made in the theoretical retrieval analyses that water vapor effects above cirrus clouds are negligible and that ratios of the trans missivities are linear functions of the cloud thickness. Error analyses employing climatological data reveal that independent random errors in temperature and humidity profiles introduce insignificant errors in the four resulting parameters. The resulting errors caused by random errors in the expected upwelling radiances, however, depend upon their standard deviations. Once the thickness and the transmissivity at a given wave number of a cirrus cloud have been determined, we illustrate that the vertical ice content may be estimated assuming that ice particles are randomly oriented in a horizontal plane.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 ]eaoon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material 42 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Satellite observations of the global distribution of stratospheric ozone
2. Name of publication Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82., No. 18, June, 1977, pp. 2543-2556
3· Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Julius London, John E. Frederick, Gail P. Anderson
5. Affiliation : Department of Astro-Geophysics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Astro-Geophysios -University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
6. Abstract : Observations of backscattered radiation from an orbiting geophysical observatory (Ogo) satellite for the period September 1967 to February 1968 have been used to determine the global distribution of ozone at different levels in the middle and upper stratosphere (30-55 km). The derived distributions show significant seasonal and geographic variations with important differences indicated between winter and summer hemisphere distributions. The Ogo-derived distributions are compared with other observations (rocket and satellite) and with photochemical calculations. It is suggested that the increased ozone mixing ratio in the high-latitude winter hemisphere can be accounted for by transport processes up to about 40-45 km and by temperature-sensitive chemistry above.
7· Source of availability American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. B. B. if if Cost, Cost,
U.S.A. U.S.A. 22151, 22151, Virginia Virginia Springfield, Springfield,
Road Road Royal Royal Port Port 5285 5285
Building Building Sills Sills
Commerce Commerce of of Department Department U.S. U.S.
7. 7. Service Service Information Information Technical Technical National National availability availability of of Source Source
hours. hours. 12 12 to to reduced reduced be be use use in in currently currently speed speed wind wind surface surface mum mum
maxi estimated estimated the the of of lessening lessening the the and and weakening weakening pattern pattern cloud cloud between between
hours hours 24 24 of of delay delay the the that that recommended recommended is is It It modified. modified. be be cyclones cyclones
tropical tropical in in winds winds surface surface maximum maximum estimating estimating for for technique technique Dvorak Dvorak
the the that that suggest suggest results results These These cyclones. cyclones. these these of of stages stages weakening weakening the the
in in occurs occurs imagery imagery satellite satellite in in patterns patterns cloud cloud from from estimated estimated those those and and
data data reconnaissance reconnaissance from from estimated estimated speeds speeds wind wind between between hours hours 6.5 6.5 mately mately
approxi of of lag lag A A compared. compared. being being data data of of types types the the upon upon depending depending to to 22 22
13 13 from from ranged ranged made made comparisons comparisons of of number number The The 1975. 1975. and and 1974 1974 for for Mexico Mexico
of of Gulf Gulf and and Sea, Sea, Caribbean Caribbean Ocean, Ocean, Atlantic Atlantic north north the the in in systems systems tropical tropical
all all for for made made was was photographs photographs satellite satellite from from and and data data reconnaissance reconnaissance
airborne airborne from from estimates estimates intensity intensity cyclone cyclone tropical tropical between between comparison comparison A A 6. 6. Abstract Abstract
Florida Florida Miami, Miami, NOAA, NOAA, 5. 5. Station, Station, Services Services Field Field Satellite Satellite NESS NESS Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. B. B. Lushine Lushine James James Author Author
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
PP• PP• 12 12
1977 1977 March, March, C., C., D. D. Vlash., Vlash., 85, 85, NESS NESS Memorandum Memorandum Technical Technical NOAA NOAA 2. 2. publication publication of of Name Name
speed speed wind wind of of lessening lessening and and patterns patterns
cloud cloud cyclone cyclone tropical tropical of of weakening weakening between between relationship relationship A A paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
43 43 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide B. B. to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost,
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
45, 45, Street Street Beacon Beacon
7. 7. Society Society availability availability of of Meteorological Meteorological Source Source American American
data. data. mesonetwork mesonetwork of of interpretation interpretation and and analysis analysis the the in in value value significant significant
of of be be can can data data satellite satellite geosynchronous geosynchronous that that shown shown is is It It phenomena. phenomena.
observed observed the the for for responsible responsible likely likely were were that that features features scale scale km) km) 20-200 20-200
of of wavelengths wavelengths having having systems systems (weather (weather meso-,B meso-,B revealed revealed imagery imagery GOES-1 GOES-1
However, However, passages. passages. frontal frontal summertime summertime of of typical typical characteristics characteristics played played
dis variations variations These These speed. speed. wind wind and and temperature temperature dewpoint dewpoint temperature, temperature,
the the in in time time with with fluctuations fluctuations significant significant revealed revealed 1976 1976 July July 31 31 on on taken taken
data data mesoscale mesoscale (NHRE) (NHRE) Experiment Experiment Research Research Hail Hail National National of of Examination Examination : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
80302 80302 Cola. Cola. Boulder, Boulder, NOAA, NOAA, Laboratories, Laboratories,
Research Research Laboratory, Laboratory, Chemistry Chemistry and and Environ~ental Environ~ental Physics Physics Atmospheric Atmospheric : : Affiliation Affiliation 5. 5.
4. 4. Maddox Maddox A. A. Robert Robert Author Author
available available is is English English paper paper the the which which in in Language Language ). ).
1056-1059 1056-1059 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Aug., Aug., 8, 8, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather 2. 2. Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name
data data
satellite satellite and and network network surface surface in in observed observed features features f3scale f3scale so- Me Me paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
44 44 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 22151, 22151, Virginia Virginia Springfie1d, Springfie1d,
Road Road Royal Royal Port Port 5285 5285
Building Building Sills Sills
Commerce Commerce of of Department Department U.S. U.S.
Service Service Information Information Technical Technical National National 7. 7. availability availability of of Source Source
data. data. of of years years ten ten all all of of analysis analysis
month-by-month month-by-month a a is is map map snow-cover snow-cover winter winter mean mean monthly monthly each each on on Included Included
prepared. prepared. was was also also month month winter winter each each for for map map snow-cover snow-cover mean mean A A ten-year ten-year
1966-67. 1966-67. March March through through December December of of months months the the for for Eurasia Eurasia and and America America North North
of of maps maps snow-cover snow-cover mean mean monthly monthly create create to to averaged averaged were were data data satellite satellite
on on based based
Hemisphere Hemisphere Northern Northern the the of of Charts Charts Cover Cover Ice Ice and and Snow Snow Weekly Weekly : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington, NOAA, NOAA, Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental 5. 5. National National : : Affiliation Affiliation
4· 4· Matson Matson Michael Michael Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
pp. pp. 28 28
1977, 1977,
Mar., Mar., C., C.,
D. D. Wash., Wash., 84, 84, NESS NESS Memorandum Memorandum Technical Technical NOAA NOAA publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
1966-1976 1966-1976 records, records, satellite satellite
from from Eurasia Eurasia and and America America North North of of maps maps snow-cover snow-cover Winter Winter paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
45 45
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF sucrES sucrES UNITED UNITED 46 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Observations of medium-scale features along the seasonal ice edge in the Bering Sea
2. Name of publication Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 7, No. 4, July, 1977, pp. 602-606
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4· Authors R.D. Muench, R.L. Charnel!
5. Affiliation : Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Environmental Research Laboratories, NOAA, Seattle, Wash. 98105
6. Abstract : During winter 1974-75, band-like ice features were observed via satellite in the Bering Sea water-ice transition zone during periods of off-ice winds. These were several tens of kilometers long, spaced from 6-12 km apart, and were generally oriented from 40-90° left of the surface wind direction. Formation of these features appears to be related to atmos pheric convective processes; such features may be significant indicators of transition zone ice dynamics.
7· Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A. e. Cost, if any, to provide the material UNIT~I' STA~'ES OF J..:t>IT:C:"ICA L7
l. Title of the paper A comparative study of cloud classification techniques
2. Name of publication Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1977, pp. 67-81
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Joann Parikh
5. Affiliation : Computer Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
6. Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of infrared vs. visual features, textural vs. spectral features, hierarchical vs. single stage decision logic, and quadratic vs. linear discriminant functions for classification of NOAA~l visible and infrared tropical cloud data. Both 11 a four-class problem 9 in which cloud types were grouped into (l) nlow , 11 11 (2) 11 mixn, (3) 11 cirrus , and (4) cumulonimbusn classes, and a three class problem, in which the 11 mixn class was excluded, were analysed, The addition of at least one visual spectral feature to infrared spectral features improved the ability of the classifier to recognize all cloud 11 11 classes except low • Combining textural features with spectral features did not significantly improve classification results achieved using only spectral features. For the four-class problem, a classification accuracy of 91 %was obtained by using a two-stage variation of a single-stage, maximum likelihood classifier. For the three-class problem, classifica tion accuracies of 98% were obtained using either single-stage or hier archical decision logic and either quadratic or linear discriminant functions.
7· Source of availability Subscription Department, Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
B. B. Cost, Cost, any, any, if if to to provide provide the the material material
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts 02108, 02108, U.S.A. U.S.A.
45 45 Beacon Beacon Street Street
7. 7.
Source Source of of availability availability American American Meteorological Meteorological Society Society
tion tion just just behind behind the the ridge ridge before before termination. termination.
twice twice wave wave phase phase speed, speed, most most moving moving forward forward through through the the wave wave to to a a posi
most most prevalent prevalent ahead ahead of of the the trough. trough. They They were were found found to to move move at at about about
wave wave at at slightly slightly less less than than wave wave phase phase speed. speed. Squall Squall clusters clusters were were also also
These These clusters clusters tended tended to to be be the the longest longest lived lived and and to to move move along along with with the the
Most Most large large cloud cloud clusters clusters were were found found to to be be located located ahead ahead of of the the trough. trough.
occurred occurred along along the the path path of of the the center center of of the the 700 700 rnb rnb disturbance. disturbance.
ridge ridge axis. axis. Greatest Greatest fluctations fluctations of of wave-related wave-related convective convective activity activity
Similarly, Similarly, convection convection was was shown shown to to be be most most suppressed suppressed at at and and ahead ahead of of the the
However, However, convection convection was was distributed distributed to to some some extent extent throughout throughout the the wave. wave.
dicate dicate that that convection convection was was most most enhanced enhanced at at and and ahead ahead of of the the trough trough axis. axis.
the the wave wave phase phase location location of of maximum maximum filtered filtered convective convective cloud cloud coverage coverage in
trough trough and and ridge ridge positions positions inferred inferred from from the the wind wind data. data. Histograms Histograms of of
wind wind data data indicates indicates a a correspondence correspondence of of convective convective activity activity to to wave wave
ity ity was was observed. observed. A A comparison comparison of of this this pattern pattern with with time-filtered time-filtered 700mb 700mb
A A progressive progressive pattern pattern 3-4 3-4 of of day day period period fluctuations fluctuations in in convective convective activ
tracked tracked on on a 3 h h 3 a basis. basis.
special special type type of of "squall
cluster, cluster, were were identified identified
in in the the IR IR images images and and
11 11
lations. lations. In In addition, addition, over over 160 160 individual individual cloud cloud clusters, clusters, including including a a
tered tered with with respect respect to to time time to to isolate isolate 3-4 3-4 day day period period wave-related wave-related oscil
clouds clouds was was then then computed computed for for 3° 3° on on a a s~uares s~uares side. side. The The data data were were fil
of of convective convective origin. origin. The The percentage percentage of of area area covered covered by by category category 2 2
with with tops tops at at middle middle heights; heights; or or 2, 2, clouds clouds with with coldest coldest tops tops - presumably presumably
brightness brightness categories: categories: 0, 0, no no clouds clouds or or clouds clouds with with low low tops; tops; 1, 1, clouds clouds
6 6 h h intervals. intervals. Each Each grid grid square square was was assigned assigned one one of of the the following following
longitude longitude for for Phase Phase III III of of GATE GATE and and the the previous previous interphase interphase period period at at
for for the the area area from from the the equator equator to to 20°N 20°N latitude latitude and and from from 10°E 10°E to to 30ow 30ow
6. 6.
Abstract Abstract : : SMS-1 SMS-1 infrared infrared brightness brightness was was estimated estimated subjectively subjectively for for each each 1° 1° square square
Seatt1e Seatt1e 98195 98195
5. 5.
Affiliation Affiliation : : Department Department of of Atmospheric Atmospheric Sciences, Sciences, University University of of Washington, Washington,
4· 4·
Authors Authors Steven Steven W. W. Payne, Payne, Mary Mary M. M. McGarry McGarry
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
413-420 413-420 pp. pp.
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Monthly Monthly Weather Weather Review, Review, Vol. Vol. 105, 105, No. No. 4, 4, April April 1977, 1977,
Phase Phase II II of of GATE GATE
easterly easterly waves waves over over West West Africa Africa and and the the adjacent adjacent ocean ocean
during during
l. l.
Title Title of of the the paper paper The The relationship relationship of of satellite satellite inferred inferred convective convective activity activity to to
48 48 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 49
1. Title of the paper An evaluation of 500 mb height and geostrophic wind fields derived from NIMBUS-6 soundings
2. Name of publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 58, No. 11, Nov., 1977, pp, 1195-1201
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Ralph A. Petersen, Lyle H. Horn
5. Affiliation : Department of Meteorology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis. 53706
6. Abstract : Temperature profiles obtained from Nimbus-6 radiance measurements and sea level pressures are used to construct 500 mb height and geostrophic wind fields over northeastern North America for the 3-day period 18-20 August 1975. These satellite-derived fields, obtained at about 1600 GMT daily, are compared with bracketing 1200 and 0000 GMT analyses prepared by the National Meteorological Canter. The results indicate that care fully screened satellite soundings are very capable of delineating the location and intensity of a closed 500mb low. The implications of this study to the First GARP Global Experiment are briefly considered.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
8. 8. Cost, Cost, if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts 02108, 02108, U.S.A. U.S.A.
45 45 Beacon Beacon Street Street
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability American American Meteorological Meteorological Society Society
clouds clouds also also caused caused anomalously anomalously low low estimates estimates of of precipitable precipitable water. water.
cultural cultural areas areas that that are are remote remote from from urban urban pollution pollution sources. sources. Cirrus Cirrus
They They appear appear to to be be the the largest largest deleterious deleterious atmospheric atmospheric effect effect over over agri
clouds clouds caused caused large large changes changes in in optical optical depth depth over over short short time time periods. periods.
evident evident in in the the autotracker autotracker data data than than in in the the visibility visibility data. data. Cirrus Cirrus
Weather Weather Service Service Station Station data. data. However, However, much much more more temporal temporal structure structure was was
using using the the autotracker autotracker and and visibility visibility determined determined from from nearby nearby National National
presented. presented. There There was was good good correlation correlation between between the the optical optical depth depth mea~ mea~
water water and and 1 1 atmospheric atmospheric optical optical depth depth at at 0.610 0.8730 0.8730 and and l.04)Lm l.04)Lm are are
is is discussed. discussed. Studies Studies of of the the temporal temporal variability variability of of precipitable precipitable
able able water water from from the the ratio ratio of of a a water water band band to to a a nearby nearby nonabsorbing nonabsorbing band band
construction construction by by the the reader. reader. A A technique technique for for calculating calculating the the precipit
The The design design of of this this autotracking autotracking solar solar radiometer radiometer is is presented presented to to allow allow
used used to to continuously continuously measure measure optical optical depth depth and and atmospheric atmospheric water water vapor. vapor.
6, 6, Abstract Abstract : : By By automatically automatically tracking tracking the the sun, sun, a a four-channel four-channel solar solar radiometer radiometer was was
Lookheed Lookheed ElectrOnics ElectrOnics Company, Company, Houston, Houston, Tex. Tex. 77058 77058
National National Severe Severe Storm Storm Laboratory, Laboratory, NOAA, NOAA, Norman, Norman, Okla. Okla. 73069 73069
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : Lyndon Lyndon B. B. Johnson Johnson Space Space Center, Center, NASA, NASA, Houston, Houston, Tex. Tex. 77058 77058
Dan Dan Al Al Morgan, Morgan, de de Monbrun, Monbrun, John John Potter Potter
4. 4. Authors Authors David David E. E. Pi Pi W.E. W.E. tts, tts, McAllum, McAllum, Michael Michael J.T. J.T. Lee, Lee, Heidt, Heidt, Keith Keith Jeske, Jeske,
3. 3. Language Language in in which which paper paper the the is is available available English English
PP• PP• 1)12-1321 1)12-1321
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Journal Journal of of Applied Applied Meteorology, Meteorology, Vol. Vol. 16, 16, No. No. 12, 12, Dec., Dec., 1977, 1977,
optical optical depth depth determined determined remote remote sensing sensing by by
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Temporal Temporal variations variations in in atmospheric atmospheric water water vapor vapor and and aerosol aerosol
50 50 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA UNITED S1l 1A'l'ES OF AM.EEICA 51
l. Title of the paper Thermal inertia mapping A new view of the earth
2. Name of publication Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 18, June, 1977, pp. 2582-2590
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author John C. Price
5. Affiliation Atmospheric and Hydrospherio Applications Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
6. Abstract The thermal response of a substance to a time-varying surface power in put is determined by its thermal inertia. Remote sensing (e.g., from satellites) can be utilized to measure this property, which is related to surface composition or to near-surface soil moisture. An algorithm is developed which relates thermal inertia to remote measurements of surface temperature and reflectance. Application to geosynchronous satellite data illustrates the contrast bet,Heen irrigated and desert areas in the region north of the Gulf of California. The effect of local weather conditions (latent and sensible heat transfer to the atmosphere) must be estimated before precise values for thermal inertia can be specified.
7. Source of availability American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006
8, Cost, if any, to provide the waterial
8. 8. Cost. Cost. if if any, any, to to provide provide the the material material
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts 02108, 02108, U.S.A. U.S.A.
45 45 Beacon Beacon Street Street
7. 7.
Source Source of of availability availability American American Meteorological Meteorological Society Society
These These interesting interesting features features are are discussed. discussed.
Ocean, Ocean, and and 4) 4) the the large large interannual interannual variability variability in in oceanic oceanic rainfall. rainfall.
South South Atlantic, Atlantic, 3) 3) the the bimodal bimodal behaviour behaviour of of rain rain belts belts in in the the Indian Indian
Zone Zone in in the the Pacific, Pacific, 2) 2) a a previously previously unrecognized unrecognized rain rain area area in in the the
The The main main ones ones are are : : 1) 1) the the forking forking of of the the Intertropioal Intertropioal Convergence Convergence
distinctive distinctive characteristics characteristics of of global global patterns patterns for for the the years years 1973-74. 1973-74.
6. 6.
Abstract Abstract : : Analysis Analysis of of satellite-derived satellite-derived oceanic oceanic rainfall rainfall maps maps reveals reveals certain certain
NASA, NASA, Goddard Goddard Space Space Flight Flight Center, Center, Greenbelt, Greenbelt,
Md. Md. 20771 20771
5. 5.
Affiliation Affiliation & & : : Systems Systems Applied Applied Sciences Sciences Corp., Corp., Riverdale, Riverdale, Md. Md. 20840 20840
4. 4. Authors Authors M.S.V. M.S.V. Rao, Rao, J.S. J.S. Theon Theon
3· 3·
Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
No. No. 12, 12, Dec., Dec., 1977, 1977, 1285-1288 1285-1288 pp, pp,
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Bulletin Bulletin of of the the American American Meteorological Meteorological Society, Society, Vol. Vol. 58, 58,
derived derived oceanic oceanic rainfall rainfall maps maps
1. 1.
Title Title of of the the paper paper New New features features of of global global climatology climatology revealed revealed satellite by by
52 52 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street 45 45 Beacon Beacon
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
budgets. budgets. energy energy earth earth global global and and operations operations
aircraft aircraft studies, studies, energy energy solar solar sounders, sounders, temperature temperature vertical vertical for for meters meters
para cloud cloud determining determining include include method method bispectral bispectral the the of of Applications Applications
km. km. 1.1 1.1 of of error error rms rms an an to to km km 1.5 1.5 by by
height height cloud cloud in in error error rms rms the the in in reduction reduction a a showing showing cases cases cirrus cirrus few few
a a on on tested tested successfully successfully was was method method modified modified The The cirrus. cirrus. with with ciated ciated
asso problems problems emissivity emissivity and and depth depth optical optical the the for for account account which which tions tions
solu alternate alternate developed developed have have we we case case this this For For cirrus. cirrus. except except types types
cloud cloud all all for for area area km km 75 75 x x km km 75 75 a a for for km km 0.5 0.5 of of height height cloud cloud in in and and 0.2 0.2
of of amount amount cloud cloud in in error error rills rills an an show show Results Results available. available. are are vations vations
obser cloud cloud ground-based ground-based where where seasons seasons several several during during locations locations ical ical
geograph specific specific three three for for run run and and technique technique the the into into input input are are (SR) (SR)
Radiometer Radiometer Scanning Scanning NOAA NOAA the the from from taken taken measurements measurements satellite satellite Actual Actual
required. required. assumptions assumptions the the in in
and and radiances radiances infrared infrared and and visible visible measured measured the the in in exist exist uncertainties uncertainties
when when Aeld Aeld and and Teld Teld in in obtained obtained be be can can that that accuracy accuracy the the showing showing sented sented
pre also also is is analysis analysis error error An An soundings. soundings. air air upper upper to to Teld Teld comparing comparing
by by determined determined is is height height cloud cloud The The sensor. sensor. the the of of view view of of field field metric metric
geo the the within within (Aeld) (Aeld) amount amount cloud cloud and and (Teld) (Teld) temperature temperature cloud-top cloud-top
for for solve solve which which developed developed are are equations equations simultaneous simultaneous of of set set A A data. data.
radiance radiance satellite satellite visible visible and and infrared infrared simultaneous simultaneous of of use use the the through through
amounts amounts and and heights heights cloud cloud determining determining for for presented presented is is technique technique : A A : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
80523 80523 Collins Collins Fort Fort
University, University, State State Colorado Colorado Science, Science, 5. 5. Atmospheric Atmospheric of of Department Department : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Haar Haar Vender Vender H. H. Thomas Thomas Reynolds, Reynolds, W. W. David David Authors Authors
3. 3. English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
446-457 446-457 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Apr., Apr., 4, 4, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
determination determination parameter parameter cloud cloud for for method method bispeotral bispeotral A A paper paper the the of of Title Title l, l,
53 53
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF S'rATF.S S'rATF.S UNITED UNITED
e. e. Cost, Cost, any, any, to to provide provide the the material material if if
Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. 20016 20016
4000 4000 Albemarle Albemarle Street, Street, N.W. N.W.
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability Heldref Heldref Publications Publications
growth growth of of these these systems systems into into the the 1980s. 1980s.
payloads payloads currently currently under under development development to to assure assure a a continued continued and and orderly orderly
Included Included are are descriptions descriptions of of both both the the TIROS TIROS and and the the SMS/GOES SMS/GOES future future
operational operational polar-orbiting polar-orbiting and and geostationary geostationary satellites satellites is is discussed. discussed.
of of the the Nimbus Nimbus and and ATS ATS technology technology satellites satellites to to the the development development of of the the
third-generation third-generation operational operational system) system) is is summarized. summarized. The The contribution contribution
lites, lites, including including TIROS, TIROS, ESSA, ESSA, ITOS/NOAA, ITOS/NOAA, and and the the future future TIROS-N TIROS-N (the (the
and and early early 1980s. 1980s. The The development development of of the the TIROS TIROS family family of of weather weather satel
systems systems that that are are scheduled scheduled to to be be placed placed into into service service in in the the late late 1970s 1970s
views views plans plans for for th9 th9 future future meteorological meteorological and and environmental environmental satellite satellite
satellite satellite programs programs that that have have evolved evolved from from 1958 1958 to to the the present present and and re
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : This This article article presents presents an an overview overview of of the the United United States States meteorological meteorological
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : RCA RCA Astro-Electronics, Astro-Electronics, Princeton, Princeton, New New Jersey Jersey
4· 4· Author Author A. A. Schnapf Schnapf
3. 3. Language Language in in which which paper paper the the is is available available English English
2. 2. Weatherwise, Weatherwise, Vol. Vol. 30, 30, Name Name No. No. of of 5, 5, publication publication Oct., Oct., 1977, 1977, 181-191 181-191 pp. pp.
1. 1. Title Title of of the the paper paper A A survey survey of of the the United United States States meteorological meteorological satellite satellite program program
54 54 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA
s. s. material material the the provide provide to to any. any. Cost, Cost, if if
10017 10017 NY NY York, York, New New
52 52 Avenue Avenue Vanderbilt Vanderbilt
7. 7. Inc. Inc. North-Holland, North-Holland, Elsevier Elsevier Department, Department, availability availability Subscription Subscription of of Source Source
device. device. rectification rectification optical optical an an and and viewer, viewer,
additive additive color color a a slicer, slicer, density density of of a a use use the the through through accomplished accomplished was was
data data satellite satellite the the of of Reduction Reduction watersheds. watersheds. elevation elevation high high in in 1:2 1:2 of of
high high to to a a watersheds watersheds elevation elevation low low in in 1:9 1:9 of of low low a a from from ranged ranged Nevadas Nevadas
Sierra Sierra the the of of basins basins individual individual for for snowcover snowcover 1975 1975 to to 1977 1977 of of Ratios Ratios
1975. 1975. in in date date comparable comparable a a at at present present was was that that snowcover snowcover the the third third one one
than than less less have have to to range range mountain mountain entire entire the the reveal reveal imagery imagery satellite satellite
April April late late from from derived derived measurements measurements snowcover snowcover Areal Areal year. year. drought drought
1977 1977 the the during during range range mountain mountain Nevada Nevada Sierra Sierra the the in in snowcover snowcover of of extent extent
the the assess assess to to used used are are satellites satellites orbiting orbiting polar polar NOAA NOAA the the 6. 6. from from Images Images : : Abstract Abstract
20233 20233 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington, 810, 810, Room Room
Building, Building, Weather Weather 5. 5. World World Service, Service, Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental NOAA/National NOAA/National : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Matson Matson Michael Michael Schneider, Schneider, Stan Stan Authors Authors
'· '·
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
327-334 327-334 pp. pp.
4, 4, 1977, 1977, No. No. 6, 6, Vol. Vol. Environment, Environment, of of Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
drought drought California California great great the the during during
Nevadas Nevadas Sierra Sierra the the in in snowcover snowcover of of observations observations Satellite Satellite paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
55 55 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 56 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper A scheme for estimating convective rainfall from satellite imagery
2. Name of publication NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 86, Wash., D. C., Apr., 1977, 47 pp.
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4- Authors Roderick A. Scofield, Vincent J, Oliver
5. Affiliation : Applications Group, National Environmental Satellite Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D,C,
6. Abstract : During the past two years, the improvements in processing satellite infrared (IR) data from synchronous weather satellites have made possi ble a quantitative evaluation of cloud heights. Using these new data and prior research on estimating rainfall from visible satellite data, we have deVeloped a simple, quick method for obtaining rainfall esti mates from enhanced IR satellite images. Starting with the simple empirical relationship that the higher the top of the cloud (cumulonimbus) 'the heavier the rain, we have added factors which greatly improve the initial relationship. The two most important factors are rate of anvil growth and pasition of the cumul onimbus under the spreading anvil. Adding to these the importance of merging cells, merging convective cloud lines, and overshooting tops, we have the information needed to describe where and how much rain has fallen. These factors are put together in the form of a flow diagram (decision tree) which lead·s the user to the box containing the appro priate answer for a particular point.
7- Source of availability National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Sills Building 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22151, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any 2 to provide the material UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 57
1. Title of the paper A report on the Chesapeake Bay region NOWCASTING experiment
2. Name of publication NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 94, Wash., D. C., Dec., 1977, 52 pp.
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Roderick A. Scofield, Carl E. Weiss
5. Affiliation : Applications Group, National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C.
6. Abstract : A short-range forecasting experiment called NOWCASTING was conducted for the northern Chesapeake Bay during the summers from 1974 through 1976. NOWCASTS were designed to give timely and detailed weather information to the Bay community. High-resolution (1 km) satellite imagery, infra red satellite data, WBRR radar data, and a mesonetwork of surface ob servations around the Bay provided data for the experiment. The NOW CASTING experiment demonstrated the feasibility of preparing and dis seminating hourly updated weather information via VHF and AM/FM radio. Schematic models of Chesapeake Bay low-level winds under various prevail ing wind directions were developed using the cumulus distribution as seen in the high-resolution satellite imagery. Critical land-to water infra-red temperature gradients along the western Bay shore prior to the onset of onshore flow were determined. The effect of the surface gradient wind on the timing of onshore flow development was examined. The influence of other local effects on the Bay weather was also noted.
7. Source of availability National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Sills Building 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22151, U.S.A. a. Cost, if any, to provide the material 58 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper In-orbit storage of NOAA-NESS standby satellites
2. Name of publication NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 91, Wash., D.C., Sep., 1977, 4 pp.
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Bruce Sharts, Chris Dunker
5. Affiliation : National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C.
6. Abstract : This paper presents an operational proposal for the orderly storage, in-orbit, of NOAA-NESS satellites that are in some degree of Standby condition. This scheme would reduce to a reasonable minimum the monitoring of these satellites by the NESS ground system. This con cept might be useful to others who face the problem of in-orbit storage of standby satellites.
7. Source of availability National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Sills Building 5282 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22151, U.S.A.
8, Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
10017 10017 NY NY York, York, New New
52 52 Avenue Avenue Vanderbilt Vanderbilt
Inc. Inc. North-Holland, North-Holland, Elsevier Elsevier 7. 7. Department, Department, Subscription Subscription availability availability of of Source Source
buoys. buoys. the the by by generated generated base base data data entire entire the the utilizes utilizes it it
because because promise promise great great showed showed application application series series time time the the hand, hand, other other the the
On On platforms, platforms, collection collection data data of of use use the the justify justify necessarily necessarily cannot cannot
days, days, 18 18 every every once once only only data data requires requires which which application, application, truth truth sea sea
the the that that suggest suggest results results The The studies. studies. characterization characterization environmental environmental
for for data data series series time time as as and and imagery imagery ERTS-1 ERTS-1 support support to to data data truth truth sea sea
as as
utilized utilized 7 7 were were period, period, month month a a over over taken taken data, data, hydrographic hydrographic Surface Surface
out. out. carried carried was was platforms, platforms, collection collection data data ERTS-1 ERTS-1 as as functioning functioning
buoys, buoys,
instrumented instrumented two two of of performance performance scientific scientific the the of of evaluation evaluation An An : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
Alabama Alabama
Island, Island, Dauphin Dauphin Alabama, Alabama, of of University University Programs, Programs, Science Science Marine Marine 5. 5. : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Schroeder Schroeder W. W. William William Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
27-43 27-43 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, 1, 1, No, No, 6, 6, Vol. Vol. Environment, Environment, of of Sensing Sensing Remote Remote publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
platforms platforms
collection collection data data ERTS-1, ERTS-1, utilizing utilizing Alabama, Alabama, Bay, Bay, Mobile Mobile
of of studies studies characterization characterization environmental environmental and and Sea Sea tr~th tr~th paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
59 59
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 60 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Nimbus-6 earth radiation budget experiment
2. Name of publication Applied Optics, Vol. 16, No. 2, Feb., 1977, pp. 306-318
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors : W.L. Smith, J. Hickey, H.B. Howell, H. Jacobowitz, D.T. Hilleary, A.J. Drummond
5. Affiliation : When this work was done J. Hickey and A.J. Drummond were both with Eppley Laboratory, Inc., Newport, Rhode Island; the other authors were with NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service, Washington, D.C. 20011,
6. Abstract : This paper describes the Nimbus-6 earth radiation budget experiment in cluding its prelaunch calibration and in-flight performance. A prelim inary assessment of the data shows the ERB measurement of the solar con stant to be 1392 W/m2 which is 1.6% higher than the expected value of 1370 W/m2. Both values are traceable to the cavity radiometer scale. There is a disagreement between the fixed wide-angle and scanning narrow angle measurements of planetary outgoing longwave radiation flux. Since the scanning channels are calibrated in-flight and show good agreement with previous observations of the Nimbus-3 satellite, the discrepancy is believed to be due to erroneous wide-angle flux estimates. The erroneous estimates may be caused by the misinterpretation of the transfer function for the wide-angle-earth-flux sensing thermopile detectors when viewing the earth which, unlike the prelaunch calibration source, does not fill the field of view of the detector and is not an isotropic radiation source. A field of view factor for the wide-angle channels is determined using an in-flight calibration procedure using the night-time scanning channel longwave radiation flux measurements as the absolute standard. The planetary global albedoes longwave radiation fluxes, and net radia tion are about 30 %, 240 W/m2, and -4 W/m2 for the months of July and August 1975, which is in good agreement with previous Nimbus-3 estimates.
7. Source of availability Optical Society of America 1613 19th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 61
l. Title of the paper A radiative heating model derived from the GATE MSR Experiment
2. Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 4, Apr., 1977, PP• 384-392
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4· Authors W.L. Smith, W.C. Shen, H.B. Howell
5. Affiliation : National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, 1dashington, D.C.20233
6. Abstract : A seven-channel Multi-spectral Scanning Radiometer (MSR) was flown aboard the NASA Convair-990 aircraft during the GAHP Atlantic Tropical Experi ment (GATE) from June-September 1974. The radiometer measures the total shortwave (0.2-5;tm) and longvave (5-50~) components of radiation and the radiation in specific absorption band and window regions that modUlate the total radiation flux. Measurements of the angular distribution of radiation, including the upward and downward components, were obtained. The principal scientific objective of the MSR experiment was to obtain the atmospheric absorption data required for precise computations of radiative heating profiles from atmospheric state parameters, The method used to construct the infrared radiation heating computational model based on in situ GATE MSR observations is described. Radiative heating profiles computed with this model for both cloudy and cloudless atmosphe res were compared with direct observations by flux radiometers and with profiles computed with the Rodgers and Walshaw model. The results indi cate that the empirically based computational model should provide tropo spheric radiative heating profiles sufficiently accurate for diagnostic and prognostic applications of GATE data.
7. Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
B. Cost. if any. to provide the material 62 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper A laser method of observing surface pressure and pressure altitude and temperature profiles of the troposphere from satellites
2. Name of publication NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 89, Wash., D.C., July, 1977, 38 pp.
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors William L. Smith, C.M.R. Platt
5. Affiliation : National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C. Division of Atmospheric Physics, C.S.I.R.O., Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
6. Abstract : A technique is developed for obtaining surface pressure and the pressure altitude and temperature profile of the troposphere from satellite meas urements of back-scattered laser radiation. The laser system emits and receives surface and atmospheric backscattered radiation in two spectral channels near 0.76}lm in the oxygen 1 A1 band. Since the abundance of oxygen between any altitude and the satellite is a unique function of the pressure, the pressure-altitude profile can be determined from the oxygen transmittance profile defined by the observed backscatter. The altitude profile of oxygen transmittance and pressure is defined by the return time of the laser-emitted radiation. And the temperature profile is specified from the vertical derivative of the pressure-height profile. The vertical resolution achieved with practical laser systems appears to be sufficient for defining mesoscale weather phenomena. In regionswhere the lower troposphere is obscured by cloud, the pressure-altitude of the cloud is still easily determined by laser techniques. In such cases, the laser pressure-altitude measurements and sounding above the cloud could be incorporated with satellite temperature soundings obtained by other techniques to define the complete sounding. A 11 state of the art" laser observing system could be used to test this sounding concept from a man ned skylab space observatory.
7. Source of availability National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Sills Building 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22151, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8, 8,
20009 20009 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, 19th 19th 1613 1613
7. 7. America America of of Society Society Optical Optical availability availability of of Source Source
employed. employed. are are inversions inversions co-ordinate co-ordinate when when resolution resolution ping ping
map obtainable obtainable for for relations relations develop develop to to used used are are methods methods Probabilistic Probabilistic
reference. reference. of of frames frames satellite satellite and and earth earth between between transformations transformations metric metric
geo of of terms terms in in formulated formulated are are distortions distortions these these for for correct correct to to sions sions
inver co-ordinate co-ordinate and and distortions distortions Mapping Mapping examined. examined. are are satellite satellite ary ary
geostation spin-scan spin-scan a a to to system system reference reference earth earth an an from from imagery imagery visual visual
scanned scanned
of of mapping mapping (frequency) (frequency) rate rate spatial spatial and and spatial spatial the the of of Abstract Abstract Measures Measures 6, 6,
22101 22101 Virginia Virginia McLean McLean Corporation, Corporation, Mitre Mitre
53706 53706 Wisconsin Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Engineering, Engineering,
& & Computer Computer Electrical Electrical of of Department Department Wisconsin, Wisconsin, 5. 5. of of University University Affiliation Affiliation
Khalil Khalil A. A. Mohsen Mohsen
J. J. Parent Parent 4. 4. Robert Robert Stremler, Stremler, G. G. Ferrel Ferrel Authors Authors
English English 3. 3. available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1619-1627 1619-1627 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, June, June, 6, 6, No. No. 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Optics, Optics, Applied Applied publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
satellite satellite geostationary geostationary a a from from
radiometer radiometer scanning scanning a a of of accuracy accuracy resolution resolution mapping mapping Ground Ground paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
63 63
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF UNITED UNITED STAT~S STAT~S 64 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Satellite observations of mesosoale eddy .dynamics in the easterntropical Pacific Ocean
2. Name of publication Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 7, No. 5, Sep., 1977, pp. 648-658
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors Harry G. Stumpf, Richard V. Legeckis
5. Affiliation : National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20233
6. Abstract : Active mesoscale (300 km diameter) eddy formation off the Pacific coast of Central America was observed during February 1976 by a thermal infra red sensor aboard the NOAA-4 satellite. These anticyclonic eddies, closely associated with wind-induced upwellings, propagate westward at an average speed of 13 km day-1, which is approximately the speed of nondispersive baroclinic Rossby waves at latitude 12°N.
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material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society Society 7. 7. Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
intensity. intensity. and and position position in in changes changes reflecting reflecting
even even pictures, pictures, satellite satellite the the in in activity activity convective convective to to matched matched well well
were were transport transport mass mass upward upward and and divergence divergence of of Centers Centers cluster. cluster. the the into into
mass mass of of transport transport tropospheric tropospheric middle middle large large a a implying implying negative negative slightly slightly
became became which which clusters, clusters, GATE GATE the the of of mature mature more more the the for for transport transport level level
inflow inflow was was exception exception An An • • h- mb mb
35 35 almost almost to to 15 15 from from ranged ranged transports transports
1
mass mass Cluster-scale Cluster-scale clusters. clusters. the the outside outside mass mass of of transport transport up,'iard up,'iard large large
rather rather to to leading leading positive positive still still but but scale, scale, circulation circulation cluster cluster larger larger
the the on on smaller smaller was was velocity velocity Vertical Vertical levels. levels. high high at at than than levels levels low low at at
earlier earlier hours hours several several occur occur to to appeared appeared ascent ascent maximum maximum clusters, clusters, GATE GATE both both
For For layer. layer. outflow outflow 1 1 the the in in values values highest highest with with s-1 cm cm 2-18 2-18 averaged averaged ters ters
clus the the of of scale scale the the on on velocities velocities Vertical Vertical intervals, intervals, 3 h h 3 at at times, times,
three three for for estimated estimated were were transports transports mass mass and and velocities velocities Vertical Vertical (GATE). (GATE).
Experiment Experiment Tropical Tropical Atlantic Atlantic GARP GARP (GARP), (GARP), Programme Programme Research Research Atmospheric Atmospheric
Global Global the the from from disturbances disturbances mature mature two two to to applied applied is is model model simple simple This This
immediately. immediately. follow follow transports transports mass mass vertical vertical
layer; layer; outflow outflow the the of of bottom bottom the the and and layer, layer, inflow inflow the the of of top top the the through through
calculated calculated are are velocities velocities vertical vertical winds, winds, satellite satellite the the from from computed computed
field field divergence divergence the the Using Using passive). passive). be be to to considered considered is is it it sense sense that that in in
observed; observed; not not is is layer layer intermediate intermediate (The (The layers, layers, active active two two the the for for flow flow
define define winds winds tracer tracer cloud cloud satellite satellite High-density High-density anvil. anvil. cumulonimbus cumulonimbus the the
of of depth depth the the through through extends extends layer layer outflow outflow an an inversion; inversion; trade trade the the of of
top top the the to to surface surface sea sea the the from from extends extends layer layer inflow inflow An An passive, passive, one one and and
active active two two - layers layers three three of of terms terms in in convection convection deep deep we we model model (1972), (1972),
Suomi Suomi and and Sikdar Sikdar Following Following tropics. tropics. the the in in clusters clusters cloud cloud around around and and
within within
circulations circulations mass mass vertical vertical inferring inferring for for described described is is technique technique A A Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
53201 53201 Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin, Wisconsin, of of University University Department, Department, Sciences Sciences Geological Geological
53706 53706 Madison Madison
Wisconsin, Wisconsin, of of University University Center, Center, Engineering Engineering and and Science Science 5. 5. Space Space : : Affiliation Affiliation
Sikdar Sikdar N. N. Dhirendra Dhirendra
4. 4. Martin Martin \'l. \'l. David David Suchman, Suchman, David David : : Authors Authors
English English available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
943-955 943-955 pp. pp.
1977, 1977,
Aug., Aug., 8, 8, No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2, 2,
satellite satellite stationary stationary
gee a a from from estimate estimate An An transports: transports: mass mass convective convective Deep Deep paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
65 65 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
B. B. Cost. Cost. if if any. any. to to provide provide the the material material
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts 02108, 02108, U.S.A. U.S.A.
45 45 Beacon Beacon Street Street
?. ?. Source Source of of availability availability American American Meteorological Meteorological Society Society
biases. biases.
spectral spectral radiances radiances is is shown shown to to have have some some power power for for correcting correcting these these
pause pause detection detection which which makes makes use use of of certain certain selected selected ratios ratios of of measured measured
vertical vertical resolving resolving power power of of such such schemes. schemes. A A nonlinear nonlinear approach approach to to tropo
correct correct Shape'' Shape'' errors errors in in the the first first guess guess field, field, owing owing
to to the the rather rather low low 11
linear linear satellite-based satellite-based temperature temperature retrieval retrieval schemes schemes to to substantially substantially
as as first first guess guess fields. fields. This This bias bias follows follows from from the the general general inability inability of of
measured measured spectral spectral infrared infrared radiances radiances and and forecast forecast temperature temperature profiles profiles
(specifically, (specifically, the the ''minimum ''minimum information'' information'' method) method) operating operating on on satellite
systematic systematic bias bias in in temperature temperature profile profile estimates estimates which which use use an an algorithm algorithm
is is found found that that incorrect incorrect forecasting forecasting of of the the tropopause tropopause height height yields yields a a
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : This This study study deals deals with with atmospheric atmospheric tropopause tropopause detection detection satellite. satellite. It It by by
Meteorology Meteorology Program, Program, University University of of Maryland, Maryland, College College Park Park 20740 20740
5. 5. Affiliation: Affiliation: IBM IBM Thomas Thomas Watson Watson Research Research Center, Center, Yorktown Yorktown Heights, Heights, N.Y. N.Y. 10598 10598
4· 4·
Authors Authors Owen Owen E. E. J. J. Thompson, Thompson, Richard Richard Wolski Wolski
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
pp. pp. 281-289 281-289
Name Name 2. 2. of of publication publication Journal Journal of of Applied Applied Meteorology, Meteorology, Vol. Vol. 16, 16, No. No. 3, 3, Mar., Mar., 1977, 1977,
as as estimators estimators of of tropopause tropopause height height
l. l. Title Title of of the the paper paper Nonlinear Nonlinear functions functions of of satellite-measured satellite-measured spectral spectral radiance radiance
66 66 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
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discussed. discussed. are are impact impact of of lack lack the the for for reasons reasons
possible possible and and reviewed, reviewed, briefly briefly are are tests tests The The Hemisphere. Hemisphere. Northern Northern
the the in in impact impact significant significant little little indicate indicate far far thus thus Results Results tion. tion.
predic weather weather numerical numerical operational operational upon upon data data remote-sounding remote-sounding derived derived
radiance of of impact impact the the ascertain ascertain to to Center Center Meteorological Meteorological National National
the the at at years years several several past past the the over over conducted conducted been been have have tests tests of of series series : A A : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
20233 20233 Md. Md. Springs, Springs, Camp Camp NOAA, NOAA, Service, Service, Weather Weather National National
Center, Center, Meteorological Meteorological National National Division, Division, 5. 5. Development Development : : Affiliation Affiliation
4· 4· McPherson McPherson D. D. Ronald Ronald Tracton, Tracton, Steven Steven M. M. Authors Authors
English English available available is is 3. 3. paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
1201-1209 1201-1209 pp. pp. 1977, 1977, Nov., Nov., 11, 11, No. No.
58, 58, Vol. Vol. Society, Society, Meteorological Meteorological American American the the of of Bulletin Bulletin publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
NMC NMC at at prediction prediction weather weather numerical numerical
operational operational upon upon data data sounding sounding radiometric radiometric of of impact impact the the paper paper On On the the of of Title Title 1. 1.
67 67 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 68 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper Lake Erie ice Winter 1975-76
2. Name of publication NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 90, Wash., D. C., Aug., 1977, 68 pp.
3- Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Jenifer H. Wartha
5. Affiliation National Environmental Satellite Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C.
6. Abstract Ice conditions on Lake Erie depicted mainly from satellite imagery were observed during the winter of 1975-76. TCle formation, movement, and decay of lake ice were traced at intervals of about 3 days from Decem ber 28, 1975, to April 19, 1976. Wind speeds and directions were cor related with ice movement, and air temperatures were related to ice formation and dissipation. Ice conditions were generally normal; how ever, ice persisted in the eastern end of the lake until mid-April. This unusually late date for clearing was caused more by winds concen trating the ice than by very cold weather.
7- Source of availability National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Sills Building 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22151, U.S.A.
s. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to anY. anY. if if Cost. Cost. 8. 8.
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Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
Society Society 7. 7. Meteorological Meteorological American American availabilitY availabilitY of of Source Source
Alma. Alma.
Storm Storm Tropical Tropical into into developed developed ultimately ultimately that that easterlies easterlies tropical tropical the the in in
disturbance disturbance a a with with connection connection in in 1974 1974 August August 10 10 on on observed observed was was clouds clouds
cumulonimbus cumulonimbus growing growing rapidly rapidly of of number number large large A A regions. regions. continental continental and and
oceanic oceanic tropical tropical between between observed observed is is that that cloudiness cloudiness high high of of variation variation
diurnal diurnal in in difference difference the the of of some some for for account account storms storms These These s-1. s-1. kton kton
100-200 100-200 is is outflow outflow mass mass the the and and l-3xlo-4s-l l-3xlo-4s-l is is anvil anvil the the in in divergence divergence
velocity velocity The The h. h. 3 3 another another in in dissipates dissipates then then h, h, 4 4 about about in in km km 7000 7000 ~ ~
extent extent areal areal an an to to grows grows cloud cloud anvil anvil this this cases, cases, most most In In near near midni~ht. midni~ht.
frequencies frequencies maximum maximum with with development development initial initial of of times times the the in in found found is is
variation variation diurnal diurnal pronounced pronounced a a Also Also storms. storms. these these of of frequency frequency greatest greatest
the the experiences experiences lOON lOON along along region region The The clouds. clouds. cumulonimbus cumulonimbus growing, growing,
rapidly rapidly large, large, of of existence existence the the to to point point array array A/B A/B GATE GATE the the around around and and
within within regions regions oceanic oceanic tropical tropical the the of of photographs photographs Infrared·satellite Infrared·satellite Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
80302 80302 Cola. Cola. Boulder, Boulder,
NOAA, NOAA, Laboratory, Laboratory, Cnemistry Cnemistry 5. 5. and and Physics Physics Atmospheric Atmospheric Affiliation Affiliation
Hoxit Hoxit Ray Ray 1. 1. Long, Long, B. B. 4. 4. Alexis Alexis Weickmann, Weickmann, K. K. Helmut Helmut Authors Authors
3· 3· English English available available is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
469-476 469-476 pp. pp.
4, 4, 1977, 1977, Apr., Apr., No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of 2. 2. Name Name
clouds clouds cumulonimbus cumulonimbus oceanic oceanic growing growing rapidly rapidly of of examples examples Some Some paper paper 1. 1. the the of of Title Title
69 69 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 70 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Determination of rainfall distributions from microwave radiation measured by the Nimbus 6 ESMR
2. Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 4, Apr., 1977f pp. 437-442
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors J.A. Weinman, P.J. Guetter
5. Affiliation : Department of Meteorology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
6. Abstract : The polarization of 37 GHz microwave radiances emerging from rain clouds above land, rough and calm water surfaces was computed from the equation of radiative transfer. Scattering was assumed to be characterized by a Rayleigh phase matrix. The radiative transfer equation was solved by means of a Neumann solution. It was found that the brightness tempera tures of the upward directed radiances emerging from rain clouds were relatively independent of polarization. The weak polarization of radia tion emitted by rain clouds can be used to discriminate between cool brightness temperatures emerging from rain clouds and open water. The brightness temperatures of radiances emerging from rain clouds over water can be transformed into a single-valued function of the rainfall rate if polarization effects are considered. A sample of Nimbus 6 data is analyzed in accord with the results of the theoretical analysis.
7- Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any, to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
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Street Street 45 45 Beacon Beacon
Society Society Meteorological Meteorological 7. 7. American American availability availability of of Source Source
Center. Center. Meteorological Meteorological National National the the of of forecasts forecasts the the in in already already
that that over over information information new new little little provide provide they they that that so so troposphere troposphere low low
the the in in temperature temperature for for solutions solutions the the degrade degrade ratio ratio mixing mixing of of estimates estimates
available available in in found found errors errors that that predict predict simulations simulations The The ratio. ratio. mixing mixing
in in errors errors to to satellite satellite 2 2 NOAA NOAA the the from from soundings soundings temperature temperature of of lection lection
col a a in in errors errors rms rms the the of of sensitivity sensitivity the the establishes establishes simulation simulation in in
and and temperature, temperature, for for solutions solutions these these into into propagate propagate ratio ratio mixing mixing vapor vapor
water water of of estimates estimates in in errors errors how how shows shows paper paper This This satellites. satellites. orbiting orbiting
2 2 at at measured measured radiances radiances from from temperatures temperatures tropospheric tropospheric derive derive to to band band C0
Am Am
15 15 the the in in equation equation transfer transfer radiative radiative the the solve solve to to needed needed are are vapor vapor
•vater •vater
tropospheric tropospheric of of distribution distribution vertical vertical the the of of estimates estimates priori priori A A : : Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
20233 20233 C. C. D. D. Washington, Washington, NOA.A, NOA.A, Service, Service, Satellite Satellite 5. 5. Environmental Environmental National. National. : : Aff'iliation Aff'iliation
4. 4. Weinreb Weinreb P. P. Michael Michael Author Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the 3. 3. which which in in Language Language
605-613 605-613 pp. pp.
1977, 1977,
June, June, 6, 6, No. No. 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Meteorology, Meteorology, Applied Applied of of Journal Journal publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
vapor vapor water water tropospheric tropospheric of of estimates estimates in in
errors errors to to temperature temperature of of retrievals retrievals satellite satellite of of Sensivity Sensivity paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
71 71
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF S'rATES S'rATES UNITED UNITED
B. B. Cost. Cost. if if any! any! to to provide provide the the material material
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts 02108, 02108, U.S.A. U.S.A.
45 45 Beacon Beacon Street Street
7. 7. Source Source of of availability availability American American Meteorological Meteorological Society Society
profiles. profiles.
uniform uniform 2 K K 2 bias bias was was introduced introduced into into the the estimates estimates of of the the temperature temperature
% % % % averaging averaging 13 13 of of the the true true value. value. This This number number increased increased to to 26 26 when when a a
profiles profiles and and total total precipitable precipitable water, water, the the absolute absolute error error in in the the latter latter
simulation, simulation, this this method method produced produced accurate accurate solutions solutions for for mixing-ratio mixing-ratio
a a solution solution of of the the radiative radiative transfer transfer equation equation by by Newton's Newton's method. method. In In
profile, profile, The The unknown unknown coefficient coefficient in in this this solution solution is is determined determined through through
this this eigenfunction eigenfunction and and the the regression regression estimate estimate of of the the mixing-ratio mixing-ratio
for for the the mixing-ratio mixing-ratio profile profile is is assumed assumed to to be be a a linear linear combination combination of of
is is estimated estimated and and its its principal principal eigenfunction eigenfunction is is derived, derived, The The solution solution
to to reduce reduce these these errors, errors, as as follows: follows: The The covariance covariance matrix matrix of of the the errors errors
are are residual residual errors. errors. In In the the second second step step the the measured measured radiance radiance is is used used
from from the the retrieved retrieved temperature temperature profile. profile. Associated Associated with with this this estimate estimate
on on the the saturation saturation mixing-ratio mixing-ratio profile, profile, the the latter latter having having been been computed computed
to to estimate estimate the the mixing-ratio mixing-ratio profile profile by by linear linear least-squares least-squares regression regression
vapor vapor mixing mixing ratio? ratio? Our Our proposed proposed solution solution has has two two steps. steps. The The first first is is
active active species, species, how how can can we we estimate estimate the the atmospheric atmospheric profile profile of of water water
spectral spectral interval interval (535 (535 cm- ) ) where where water water vapor vapor
is is the the principal principal optically optically 1
a a measurement measurement of of radiance radiance from from the the earth's earth's atmosphere atmosphere in in a a single single
given given a a satellite satellite retrieval retrieval of of the the atmospheric atmospheric temperature temperature profile profile and and
Radiometers Radiometers aboard aboard the the NOAA NOAA satellites, satellites, following following problem problem arose: arose: th~ th~
6. 6. Abstract Abstract : : In In interpreting interpreting radiation radiation data data from from the the Vertical Vertical Temperature Temperature Profile Profile
The The American American University, University, Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. 20016 20016
5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation : : National National Environmental Environmental Satellite Satellite Service, Service, NOAA, NOAA, Washington Washington D,C, D,C, 20233 20233
4. 4. Authors Authors Michael Michael P. P. Weinreb, Weinreb, David David S. S. Crosby Crosby
3. 3. Language Language in in which which the the paper paper is is available available English English
pp. pp. 1214-1218 1214-1218
2. 2. Name Name of of publication publication Journal Journal of of Applied Applied Meteorology, Meteorology, Vol. Vol. 16, 16, No. No. 11, 11, Nov., Nov., 1977, 1977,
from from satellite satellite measurements measurements
1. 1. Title Title of of the the paper paper A A technique technique for for estimating estimating atmospheric atmospheric moisture moisture profiles profiles
72 72 UNITED UNITED STATES STATES OF OF AMERICA AMERICA
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if B. B. Cost. Cost.
U.S.A. U.S.A. 02108, 02108, Massachusetts Massachusetts Boston, Boston,
Street Street Beacon Beacon 45 45
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological availability availability American American of of Source Source
axis. axis. jet jet the the of of south south the the to to able able
unfavor but but north north the the to to storms storms severe severe for for favorable favorable environment environment an an to to
contribute contribute to to heating heating surface surface even even and and stability stability divergence, divergence, influence influence
might might jet jet subtropical subtropical the the how how suggest suggest which which presented presented are are Speculations Speculations
configuration. configuration. synoptic synoptic this this in in weather weather severe severe produce produce rarely rarely
but but jet jet subtropical subtropical the the of of south south occur occur do do Thunderstorms Thunderstorms jet. jet. tropical tropical
sub the the of of south south the the to to and and at at inhibited inhibited sharply sharply are are weather weather severe severe
and and lines lines squall squall vigorous vigorous of of growth growth the the that that is is observation observation central central
The The front. front. surface surface the the of of ahead ahead and and streams streams jet jet the the between between occur occur to to
shown shown are are tornadoes, tornadoes, particularly particularly storms, storms, Severe Severe trough. trough. advancing advancing an an of of
east east the the to to configuration configuration diffluent diffluent a a in in are are streams streams jet jet subtropical subtropical and and
polar polar the the cases, cases, these these In In storms. storms. local local severe severe on on stream stream jet jet subtropical subtropical
the the of of effect effect apparent apparent the the illustrates illustrates histories histories case case five five of of 6. 6. series series : A A : Abstract Abstract
20233 20233 C. C. D. D. Washington, Washington, NOAA, NOAA, Service, Service, 5. 5. Satellite Satellite Environmental Environmental National National : : Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Jr. Jr. Whitney, Whitney, F. F. Linwood Linwood Author Author
3. 3. available available English English is is paper paper the the which which in in Language Language
398-412 398-412 pp. pp.
4, 4, 1977, 1977, Apr., Apr., No. No. 105, 105, Vol. Vol. Review, Review, Weather Weather Monthly Monthly publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
storms storms local local
severe severe to to stream stream jet jet subtropical subtropical the the of of Relationship Relationship paper paper the the of of 1. 1. Title Title
73 73 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 74 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
l. Title of the paper A satellite technique for quantitatively mapping rainfall rates over the oceans
2. Name of publication Journal of Applied Meteorol-ogy, Vol. 16, No. 5·~ May, 1977, pp. 551-560
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Authors T.T. Wilheit, A.T.C. Chang, M.S.V. Rao, E.B. Rodgers, J.S. Theon
5. Affiliation : Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771 Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. Concord, Mass. 01742
6. Abstract : A theoretical model for calculating microwave radiative transfer in rain ing atmopsheres is developed. These calculations are compared with microwave brightness temperatures at a wavelength of 1.55 cm measured by the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) on the Nimbus 5 satellite and rain rates derived from WSR-57 meteorological radar measu rements. A specially designed ground-based verification experiment was also performed, wherein upward viewing microwave brightness temperature measurements at wavelengths of 1.55 and 0.81 cm were compared with directly measured rain rates. It is shown that over ocean areas, brightness temperature measurements from ESMR may be interpreted in terms of rain rate with about an accuracy of a factor of 2 over the range l-25 mm h-1 rain rate.
7- Source of availability American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon Stre-et Boston, Massachusetts 02108, U.S.A.
8. Cost, if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any. any. if if Cost, Cost, 8. 8.
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Street Street 45 45 Beacon Beacon
7. 7. Society Society Meteorological Meteorological American American availability availability of of Source Source
models. models. prediction prediction ical ical
numer to to input input for for or or studies, studies, research research certain certain for for vectors vectors motion motion cloud cloud
obtain obtain to to data data satellite satellite process process can can system system the the that that indicates indicates experience experience
Our Our methods. methods. automatic automatic using using previously previously achieved achieved we we that that those those to to rior rior
supe considerably considerably are are results results overall overall the the obtained, obtained, vectors vectors motion motion cloud cloud
of of number number and and accuracy accuracy the the of of terms terms In In was was reverse reverse the the clouds, clouds, tr~e. tr~e.
low low For For data. data. visible visible than than rather rather infrared infrared on on based based was was clustering clustering
when when obtained obtained were were results results superior superior clouds, clouds, high high and and middle middle For For fields. fields.
motion motion computed computed the the in in accuracy accuracy and and detail detail some some sacrificing sacrificing thereby thereby data, data,
resolution resolution lower lower use use to to necessary necessary is is it it otherwise otherwise observations; observations; quent quent
fre more more or or motion motion the the of of guess guess first first a a have have to to desirable desirable found found was was it it
flow, flow, speed speed high high For For speeds. speeds. moderate moderate or or low low at at moving moving clouds clouds for for vectors vectors
motion motion accurate accurate determine determine to to able able was was system system the the motions, motions, expected expected the the
about about information information initial initial no no with with and and intervals, intervals, hour hour one-half one-half at at data data
resolution resolution mi mi 4 4 Using Using cirrus. cirrus. and and clouds clouds convective convective clouds, clouds, low low cluding cluding
in clouds, clouds, of of types types different different several several for for channels channels infrared infrared and and visible visible
both both in in data data SMS-GOES SMS-GOES used used tests tests These These illustrated. illustrated. and and described described are are
method method the the of of tests tests recent recent Some Some functions. functions. tracking tracking and and grouping grouping matic matic
auto the the on on is is emphasis emphasis the the paper, paper, this this In In coordinates. coordinates. earth earth to to data data
recorded recorded of of coordinates coordinates column column and and row row the the from from motions motions of of conversion conversion
and and vectors; vectors; motion motion cloud cloud give give to to times times different different two two at at groups groups matching matching
group: group: each each of of values values infrared infrared and and brightness brightness size, size, location, location, the the of of
computation computation tracers); tracers); potential potential are are (which (which groups groups into into data data cloud cloud the the of of
subdivision subdivision background; background; from from clouds clouds of of separation separation functions: functions: following following
the the perform perform programs programs component component The The satellites, satellites, weather weather geostationary geostationary
obtained obtained pictures pictures by by of of sequences sequences by by shown shown clouds clouds tracking tracking automatically automatically
for for system system computer computer a a of of parts parts component component the the of of given given is is description description A A Abstract Abstract 6. 6.
94025 94025 Calif. Calif. 5. 5. Park, Park, Menlo Menlo International, International, SRI SRI Affiliation Affiliation
4. 4. Endlich Endlich R.M. R.M. Hall, Hall, D.J. D.J. Wolf, Wolf, D.E. D.E. Authors Authors
English English available available is is paper paper the the ). ). which which in in Language Language
1219-1230 1219-1230 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Nov., Nov., 11, 11, No. No. 16, 16, Vol. Vol. Meteorology, Meteorology, Applied Applied of of Journal Journal publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
data data SMS-GOES SMS-GOES using using tracking tracking cloud cloud automatic automatic in in Experiments Experiments paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
75 75 AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED 76 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Title of the paper Advection in the Peru current as observed by satellite
2. Name of publication Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No, 27, Sep., 1977, pp. 3939-3943
3. Language in which the paper is available English
4. Author Klaus Wyrtki
5. Affiliation Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
6. Abstract Two years of satellite-derived maps of sea surface temperature are used to evaluate their oceanographic applications and to study advection in the eastern part of the subtropical gyre of the South Pacific Ocean, The advance and retreat of a tongue of cool water stretching from the coast of Chile to the northwest under the southeast trade winds are analysed and explained as advection. The time history of the develop ment of this cool tongue is described, and its different behaviour during the two years is related to the 1976 El Nillo event. During 1976, adveotion in the subtropical gyre was much weaker than during the year before. It is concluded that satellite-derived surface temperature maps form an important new tool in the analysis and monitoring of the time changes of large-scale thermal features at the surface of the ocean.
7. Source of availability American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006
e. Cost. if any. to provide the material
material material the the provide provide to to any, any, if if Cost, Cost, B. B.
20009 20009 D.C. D.C. Washington, Washington,
N.W. N.W. Street, Street, 19th 19th 1613 1613
America America of of Society Society Optical Optical availability availability 7. 7. of of Source Source
improved. improved. be be
can can they they
degree degree what what to to and and how how estimating estimating on on
emphasis emphasis
specific specific
with with
discussed discussed
be be will will accuracy accuracy and and
methods methods
calibration calibration
as as
well well as as
absolute, absolute, and and
spectral spectral
both both stability, stability,
Instrument Instrument
acceptable. acceptable. be be
will will
quantity, quantity,
either either of of
value value absolute absolute an an than than measured measured
easily easily
more more
is is
which which
ratio, ratio,
this this
constant, constant,
reasonably reasonably indeed indeed is is constant constant
solar solar the the If If
instruments. instruments.
calibrated calibrated
to to
recourse recourse without without
measurement measurement to to
amenable amenable is is
which which
number number
dimensionless dimensionless a a
is is albedo, albedo, like like outflow, outflow,
to to input input of of
ratio ratio
The The
discussed. discussed. are are
balance balance
radiation radiation net net in in improvements improvements
achieving achieving to to
considerations considerations
instrumental instrumental
The The two. two. the the between between
differences differences
spectral spectral
the the
by by
compounded compounded
and and
difficult difficult quite quite is is - space space to to
radiation radiation
earth earth the the
and and
earth earth
the the to to input input
the the -
numbers numbers large large two two between between
difference difference small small
a a
Measuring Measuring
meteorologically. meteorologically. meaningful meaningful really really be be to to
stability stability
and and
precision, precision,
accuracy, accuracy,
sufficient sufficient achieved achieved not not have have
They They
them. them.
implement implement
to to
made made been been
have have
efforts efforts
serious serious and and spacecraft, spacecraft,
orbiting orbiting
earth earth
from from
only only
possible possible
are are measurements measurements
mesoscale mesoscale and and synoptic synoptic Both Both phenomena. phenomena.
meteorological meteorological local local
on on
force force
driving driving strong strong a a is is it it because because
level level
scale scale
mesa
the the at at
important important is is It It
trends. trends. climatic climatic long-term long-term
and and
models models
scale scale
synoptic synoptic for for
globally globally
important important
is is earth earth
the the of of balance balance
radiation radiation net net The The : : Abstract Abstract 6, 6,
20233 20233 D.C. D.C.
Washington, Washington,
Service, Service,
Satellite Satellite
Environmental Environmental National National NOAA, NOAA, : : 5. 5. Affiliation Affiliation
Yates Yates W. W. Harold Harold 4. 4. .Author .Author
English English available available is is paper paper the the which which 3. 3. in in Language Language
297-299 297-299 pp. pp.
1977, 1977, Feb., Feb., 2, 2,
No. No.
16, 16,
Vol. Vol.
Optics, Optics, Applied Applied publication publication of of Name Name 2. 2.
problem problem design design
instrument instrument an an as as
balance balance
radiation radiation
earth earth the the of of Measurement Measurement paper paper the the of of Title Title l. l.
77 77
AMERICA AMERICA OF OF STATES STATES UNITED UNITED
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