European Conference of Ministers Responsible for Regional Planning I Nt Er Go Ve R M E N Tal Commissions for Co-Operation in Frontier Regions
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EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGIONAL PLANNING I NT ER GO VE R M E N TAL COMMISSIONS FOR CO-OPERATION IN FRONTIER REGIONS A SURVEY Council of Europe Strasbourg 1973 This document is published as a background paper on Theme No. IV FRONTIER REGIONS of the Second European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning. It constitutes an inventory of commissions, both existing or envisaged, for co-operation in frontier regions. The information was supplied by national Delegations to the Committee of Senior Officials preparing the Second Ministerial Conference. The following reports are published in the same series : TRANS-FRONT1ER CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE - CONFERENCE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE BELGIAN DELEGATION / “CEMAT (73) 4_7 EUROPEAN CO-OPERATION IN FRONTIER REGIONS - STUDY BY JEAN-MARIE QUINTIN / “CEMAT (73) BP 9J FRONTIER REGIONS IN EUROPE - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BY R. STRASSOLDO / “CEMAT (73) BP 10_7 THE CO-OPERATION OF EUROPEAN FRONTIER REGIONS - A STUDY OF THE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIER REGIONS BY V. von MALCHUS /ÄS/Coll/Front. (72) CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY REPORT ON THE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIER REGIONS. RAPPORTEUR KARL AHRENS / “Doc 3228J. 30.942 CEMAT (73) BP 11 09.4 Table of contents Page INTRODUCTION 3 BILA.TERAL COMMISSIONS AND AGREEMENTS AT INTERGOVERNMENTAL LEVEL 7 2.1 AUSTRIA - ITALY 7 2.1.1 The "Accordino" 7 2.1.2 Italo-Austrian Sub-Commissions on regional problems and the Port of Trieste .7 2.2 AUSTRIA - SWITZERLAND 7 2.3 BELGIUM - FRANCE 8 2.3.1 Franco-Belgian Plenary Commission for Regional Planning in Frontier Regions 8 2.4 BELGIUM - FEDERAL'REPUBLIC OF GERMANY • ■ ; . - 9 2.5 DENMARK - SWEDEN 9 2.5.1 The Öresund region 9 2.5 .2 Specific developments since 1971 10 2.6 FINLAND - SWEDEN ' ■ 10 2.6 .1 Specific developments since 1971 10 2.7 FRANCE - ITALY 10 2.7.1 Water supply for the town of Menton 10 2.7.2 Alpine national parks: Gran Paradiso and La Vanoise 11 2.7.3 Coni-Breil-Ventimiglia-Nice rail link 11 2.7.4 Ramoge pro.ject 11 2.7.5 Relations between Sardinia and Corsica 12 2.8 FRANCE - SPAIN 12 2.8.1 Frontier Commission of the Pyrenees 12 2.8.1.1, Terms- of reference of the Commission 12 2.8.1.2 Composition and operation of the Frontier Commission 13 2.8.1.3 Summary of activities 13 2.9 FRANCE - SWITZERLAND 14 2.9.1 Existing Commissions 14 2.9.2 Commissions envisaged 15 2.10 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - LUXEMBOURG 15 2.11 FEDERAL, REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - NETHERLANDS 15 2.12 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - SWITZERLAND 15 2.13 ITALY 16 2.13.1 Central Office for Problems of Frontier Regions 16 2.14 ITALY - SWITZERLAND 16 2.14.1 Erontier workers 16 2.14.2 Protection of Italo-Swiss waters against pollution 17 2.14.3 Other .joint Commissions 17 2.15 ITALY - YUGOSLAVIA 18 2.15.1 London Agreement 18 2.15.2 Agreements on the movement of persons and goods 18 2.15.2.1 Udine Agreement 18 2.15.2.2 Agreement of 31 March 1955 19 .2.15.2.3 "Alps-Adria" 19 2.15.2.4 Italo-Yugoslav Pishing Agreement 19 2.15.2.5 Italo-Yugoslav talks on the protection of the Adriatic against pollution 20 2.16 SPAIN - ANDORRA 20 2.17 SPAIN - PORTUGAL 20 2.17.1 Plenary Commission for Economic Co-operation 20 2.17.2 Erontier Commission 20 2.18 YUGOSLAVIA 21 MULTILATERAL COMMISSIONS AND AGREEMENTS AT INTERGOVERNMENTAL LEVEL . 25 3.1 AUSTRIA - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OE GERMANY - SWITZERLAND 25 3.2 BELGIUM - FRANCE - NETHERLANDS - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OP GERMANY - SWITZERLAND - UNITED KINGDOM 25 3.3 - BENELUX 25 3.4 FINLAND - NORWAY - SWEDEN 26 3.4.1 The Arctic regions 26 3.4.2 Further frontier co-operation between Sweden, Norway and Finland 28 3.4.3 The region comprising Stockholm county- Aland/Finland 28 3.4.4 The future of regional frontier co-operation 28 3.4.5 Specific developments since 1971 29 3.5 FRANCE - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - SWITZERLAND 29 3.5.1 Tripartite Commission of the "Regio11 29 3.6 FRANCE - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - LUXEMBOURG - •• NETHERLANDS-- SWITZERLAND 29 3.7 COUNTRIES OF THE NORDIC COUNCIL 29 3.7.1 Development since 1971 29 3.7.2 The future of regional frontier co-operation 30 BILATERAL COMMISSIONS AND AGREEMENTS AT LOCAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL ' 33 4.1 AUSTRIA - ITALY 53 4.2 DENMARK'.- FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY . 33 4.3 DENMARK - SWEDEN 34 ' 4* 5.1 The ÖresuncL region - 34 4.3.2 Specific developments since 1971 35 4.4 FINLAND - SWEDEN 35 4.4.1 Specific developments since 1971 35 4.5 FRANCE - ITALY 35 4.5.1 ; Relations between Sardinia and Corsica 35 4.5.2 . Standing Conference of French and Italian .Chambers of Commerce in Frontier Regions 35 4.6 IRELAND - UNITED KINGDOM 36 4.6.1 Local Authorities' co-operation accross .the border in Ireland 36 4.7 ITALY - SWITZERLAND 37 4.7.1 Relations between the Swise cantonal authorities and the Italian préfectoral authorities in the border areas 37 4.7.2 Standing Conference of Italian and Swiss Chambers of Commerce 38 4.8 ITALY - YUGOSLAVIA 38 4.8.1 Italo-Slovene Joint Committee 38 4.8.2 Other contacts at regional level 38 4.9 LUXEMBOURG 4.10 NORWAY - SWEDEN 39 4.10.1 The region comprising Göteborg and Bohus counties and Ostfold county 39 4.10.2 The region comprising lkershus-Hed.mark-0st.fold 40 4.10.3 The Koppaberg-Hedmark region 40 4.10.4 The Jämtland-Tröndelag region 40 4.10.5 Specific developments since..1971 ■ 41 5. MULTILATERAL COMMISSIONS AND AGREEMENTS AT LOCAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL ... 45 5.1 AUSTRIA - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OP GERMANY - ITALY -■ SWITZERLAND 45 5.1.1 Land of Bavaria - Region of Lombardy - Autonomous Province of Salzburg - Land of Tyrol - Autonomous Province of Trento - Land of Vorarlberg 45 5.2 AUSTRIA - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - SWITZERLAND 45 5.2.1 "Region Bodanica" . ' 45 5.3- AUSTRIA - ITALY - SWITZERLAND 45 5.3.1 Conference of.Alpine Regions 45 5.4 AUSTRIA - ITALY - YUGOSLAVIA *+5 5.4.1 Co-operation between four provinces : Friuli (Italy), Slovenia and Croation (Yugoslavia) and Carinthia/Kärnten (Austria) (The "Trigon")' : 71 ^5 5.5 FRANCE - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - SWITZERLAND ^7 5.5.1 The Middle Alsace - Breisgau region - CIMAB *+7 5.5.2 Tripartite Commission of the "Regio" 48 5.6 COUNTRIES OF THE NORDIC COUNCIL • 48 6. AN EXAMPIE OF AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMISSION IN ACTION - NORD/PAS-DE-CALAIS - WEST-FLANDERS/HAINAUT 5I 6.1 NORD/PAS-DE-CÂLAIS - WESI-FLANDERS/HAINAUT 51 6.1.1 Introduction - 51 6.1.2 Demarcation of the co-operation sectors 52 6.1.3 Sector-by-sector survey of common proLlems and - questions for study 53 6.1.3.1 The coast 53 6.1.3.2 Les Moeres 53 6.1.3.3 The "Hills of Flanders" 54 6.1.3.4 The central urban area.around the Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing metropolis 54. 6.1.3.4.I Harmonisation of detailed plans around the enlarged metropolitan area 54 6 .1.3.4.2 Relations between Belgian and French towns within the central urban area 55 6.1.3.5 The Tournai region and the Révèle 56 6.1.3.6 The Franco-Belgian mining area 57 6.1.3.7 The Sambre Valley 58 6.1.3.8 The Avesnois and South Hainaut 59 6.1.4 Competent agencies and bodies in each sector 59 6 .1.4.1 Coastal area 60 6 .1.4.2 Flanders (inland) 60 6.1.4.3 Central urban area 60 6 .1.4.3.1 "Belgian side of the metropolis" 60 6.1.4.3.2 Organisation of the central urban area 6l 6.1.4.4 The Révèle 61 6.1.4.5 Wooded belt comprising the Saint- Amandpark, Péronnes and Beloeil 61 6.1.4.6 'The Scheldt valley and the mining basin 6l 6.1.4.7 Haut-Rays du Borinage and the Bavay region 62 6.1.4.8 Sambre valley 62 6.1.4.9 The Avesnois and the "Botte du Hainaut" 6.1.5 Cenerai suggestions 62 7. MODELS OF LEGISLATION 67 7.1 BELGIUM - FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY . 67 7.2 THE LAND OF NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN - THE LAND OF RHEINLAND-PFALZ - BELGIUM 69 7.3 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY - LUXEMBOURG 73 7.4 BENELUX ' ‘ 77 INTRODUCTION As the process of West European integration deepens it is inevitable that the function of frontiers should be questioned and modified. In human terms the most immediately affected by trans frontier co-operation are the inhabitants of historic or natural regions which for decades or centuries have been bisected by political boundaries. So long as the delimitation of the European Nation-State tended to cut across regions once characterised by affinities of geography, language, economy and culture, the populations of these "transfrontier regions" were subject to the centrifugal attraction of national power centres, . Now that the tide is turning again in favour of regional development - in a socio-cultural as well as economic sense - both central and local government have grown more aware of thé need.to co-operate in' regions divided by frontiers. In some instances this co-operation has been institutionalised in the form of intergovernmental commissions, in other instances by'intergovernmental or intermunicipal agreements in specific sectors. At European level a number of bodiés have addressed themselves to the problems and opportunities of co-operation in trans-frontier regions'.