DOCSLIB.ORG

The Inca Civilization Inca Do Now: Based on This Image What Info Can You Give About This Civilization? I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Inca Civilization Inca Do Now: Based on This Image What Info Can You Give About This Civilization? I The Inca Civilization Inca Do Now: Based on this image what info can you give about this civilization? I. Inca Empire (1200-1535) A Geography 1. Located on the west coast of S. America in the Andes Mts. 2. Largest of all the Mesoamerican civilizations Based on the location of the Inca Empire what would their climate be like? Macchu Picchu ⦿ https://www.biguniverse.com/signin ⦿ What resources did the Incas have to build Machu Picchu? ⦿ Why did the Incas terrace the mountain side, why couldn’t they farm without terracing? Machu Picchu History of Machu Picchu ⦿ http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/201 1/04/inca-empire/sidebar-text Incan Ruins ⦿ http://www.peru-machu-picchu.com/ind ex.php ⦿ After seeing these pictures of Machu Picchu what do you think about the Incas? Explain your answer. Government Ruled by an emperor a descendent of the Sun God called the Sapa Inca. Relatives were put in position of power. Supreme Council – 4 of them each controlled ¼ of empire Governors Officials Tax Collectors Workers ⦿ Based on this information what type of government do you think the Incas had? ⦿ What characteristics tell you this? The Incas carved flat terraces into the mountainous terrain in order to grow crops. WHAT IS TERRACE Terrace Farming FARMING? ⦿ A farming practice invented by the Incas used to grow crops on steep sides of mountains ⦿ Farmers would cut parts of the mountains out and level it for growing crops. Terrace Farming Benefits ⦿ Terrace Farming turned otherwise unusable land, such as the sides of the Andes Mountains where the Incas lived, into land to grow crops like corn (maize), potatoes and quinoa. ⦿ Terraces also collected and distributed water throughout reducing soil erosion. ⦿ Terraces also prevented flooding and excessive runoff. They developed an extensive system of irrigation to water crops and roads to encourage trade. Panpipes Freeze-Dried Food ⦿ The Inca grew an abundance of food for their communities and would store it in temples they created. They invented the freeze-drying method to help store their food. ⦿ They left their food out in the cold to freeze. Then they stamped on the frozen food to squeeze out the water. They left their stamped food in the sun to dry. Inca Bridges and Roads ⦿ http://blog.wsd.net/mmlarsen/files/2008 /04/inca-roads-and-bridges.pdf Quipus ⦿ Quipu means knot in Inca Language. ⦿ It is a series of colored knotted strips of wool tied around a main string. ⦿ Type of knot, placement of knot and color had a meaning to the Incas. ⦿ The people who knew what the quipus meant and could read them were called ‘rememberers’. ⦿ No one today knows for sure the meaning of a quipu, the code has not been broken. ⦿ Some guesses are that yellow might have represented corn. ⦿ Used to record the wealth of the Empire http://incas.mrdonn.org/llamalegends.htmlLlama Legends Inca Religion Inca Religion ⬜ Polytheists: Believing in and worshipping many gods. ⬜ Two of the main gods that the Inca worshipped was Viracocha (believed to be the creator of the Inca) and Inti, the sun god. Inti the Sun God ⬜ Inti was also known as the Giver of Life. Mostly farmers would worship Inti because they needed the sun for good harvests. ⬜ The Sapa Inca (emperor) claimed to be a direct descendent of the Sun God. Inti the Sun God Inca Priests ⬜ The Inca Priests were considered an important rule in the Inca society. Most of the time, Priests were members of the royal family. ⬜ Each morning, a Priest would sacrifice a Llama for the Sun God Inti, thanking it for the sunlight each day. Religious Beliefs ⦿ The Inca had many religious festivals that continued for days. ⦿ Worshipped huacas, sacred places or objects. ⦿ Gods & Goddesses worshipped gods of nature, sun god, Inti, most powerful, gods of thunder, moon, rainbows, stars and many more. ⦿ Polytheist, believed in more than one god Other Inca Ruins ⦿ http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/tra vel/peru/machu-picchu/inca-ruins-photo s/ Travel Plans ⦿ http://www.peruforless.com/how-to-get- to-machu-picchu.php Reflection ⦿ Summarize what you learned about the Incas. ⦿ What do you feel is the most impressive characteristic that you learned about the Incas? • Why? ⦿ How does their location determine how they live? ⦿ What resources to the Incas use in their culture that contributed to their success as a culture?.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Viracocha 1 Viracocha
    ווירָאקוצֱ'ה http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=37&ved=0COYCEBYwJA&url=http %3A%2F%2Fxa.yimg.com%2Fkq%2Fgroups%2F35127479%2F1278251593%2Fname%2F14_Ollantaytam bo_South_Peru.ppsx&ei=TZQaVK- 1HpavyASW14IY&usg=AFQjCNEHlXgmJslFl2wTClYsRMKzECmYCQ&sig2=rgfzPgv5EqG-IYhL5ZNvDA ויראקוצ'ה http://klasky-csupo.livejournal.com/354414.html https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99 ווירקוצ'ה فيراكوتشا http://www.startimes.com/?t=20560975 Viracocha 1 Viracocha Viracocha Great creator god in Inca mythology Offspring (according to some legends) Inti, Killa, Pachamama This article is about the Andean deity. For other uses, see Wiraqucha (disambiguation). Viracocha is the great creator god in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. Full name and some spelling alternatives are Wiracocha, Apu Qun Tiqsi Wiraqutra, and Con-Tici (also spelled Kon-Tiki) Viracocha. Viracocha was one of the most important deities in the Inca pantheon and seen as the creator of all things, or the substance from which all things are created, and intimately associated with the sea.[1] Viracocha created the universe, sun, moon, and stars, time (by commanding the sun to move over the sky) and civilization itself. Viracocha was worshipped as god of the sun and of storms. He was represented as wearing the sun for a crown, with thunderbolts in his hands, and tears descending from his eyes as rain. Cosmogony according to Spanish accounts According to a myth recorded by Juan de Betanzos,[2] Viracocha rose from Lake Titicaca (or sometimes the cave of Paqariq Tampu) during the time of darkness to bring forth light.
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes a Complex Society Complex?
    What Makes a Complex Society Complex? The Dresden Codex. Public domain. Supporting Questions 1. How did the Maya use writing to represent activities in their culture? 2. What did the Aztecs do to master their watery environment? 3. Why were roads important to the Inca Empire? Supporting Question 1 Featured Source Source A: Mark Pitts, book exploring Maya writing, Book 1: Writing in Maya Glyphs: Names, Places & Simple Sentences—A Non-Technical Introduction to Maya Glyphs (excerpt), 2008 THE BASICS OF ANCIENT MAYA WRITING Maya writing is composed of various signs and symbol. These signs and symbols are often called ‘hieroglyphs,’ or more simply ‘glyphs.’ To most of us, these glyphs look like pictures, but it is often hard to say what they are pictures of…. Unlike European languages, like English and Spanish, the ancient Maya writing did not use letters to spell words. Instead, they used a combination of glyphs that stood either for syllables, or for whole words. We will call the glyphs that stood for syllables ‘syllable glyphs,’ and we’ll call the glyphs that stood for whole words ‘logos.’ (The technically correct terms are ‘syllabogram’ and ‘logogram.’) It may seem complicated to use a combination of sounds and signs to make words, but we do the very same thing all the time. For example, you have seen this sign: ©iStock/©jswinborne Everyone knows that this sign means “one way to the right.” The “one way” part is spelled out in letters, as usual. But the “to the right” part is given only by the arrow pointing to the right.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CONQUEST of the INCAS Grade Levels: 8-13+ 30 Minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1995
    #3593 THE CONQUEST OF THE INCAS Grade Levels: 8-13+ 30 minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1995 DESCRIPTION In 1532, Francisco Pizarro and a band of 170 conquistadors, searching for gold, embarked on the conquest of the Incan empire. Though badly outnumbered, they kidnapped Atahualpa, the god-king, and held him captive for nine months before murdering him. Reenactments and graphics help describe Incan civilization and its destruction. ACADEMIC STANDARDS Subject Area: World History ¨ Standard: Understands major global trends from 1000 to 1500 CE · Benchmark: Understands differences and similarities between the Inca and Aztec empires and empires of Afro-Eurasia (e.g., political institutions, warfare, social organizations, cultural achievements) ¨ Standard: Understands how the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world between 1450 and 1600 led to global transformations · Benchmark: Understands features of Spanish exploration and conquest (e.g., why the Spanish wanted to invade the Incan and Aztec empires, and why these empires collapsed after the conflict with the Spanish; interaction between the Spanish and indigenous populations such as the Inca and the Aztec; different perspectives on Cortes' journey into Mexico) · Benchmark: Understands cultural interaction between various societies in the late 15th and 16th centuries (e.g., how the Church helped administer Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas; reasons for the fall of the Incan empire to Pizarro; how the Portuguese dominated seaborne trade in the Indian Ocean basin in the 16th century; the relations between pilgrims and indigenous populations in North and South America, and the role different religious sects played in these relations; how the presence of Spanish conquerors affected the daily lives of Aztec, Maya, and Inca peoples) INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inca's Triumph Over Geography
    ___________________ Date ____ Class _____ Latin America Geography and History Activity The Inca's Triumph Over Geography In 1438 the Inca ruler Pachacuti began the scorching coastal deserts, over moun­ building a powerful empire in what is tains more than 20,000 feet high, through today Peru. By the end of the 1400s, the tangled masses of tropical rain forest, and Incas controlled the largest empire ever across raging torrents of rivers hundreds established in the Americas. It encom­ of feet wide. Totaling nearly 15,525 miles passed nearly 12 million people in Peru, (25,000 km), the roads were used to tie southern Colombia, Ecuador, northern the vast empire's people together, and to Chile, western Bolivia, and part of north­ allow quicker movement of soldiers and ern Argentina. goods. Llamas carried loads of agricul­ tural products or textiles along its length. Three Distinct Regions Storehouses and barracks were placed at Three physical regions-deserts, moun­ regular intervals. The Inca living nearby tains, and rain forests-made up the Inca maintained each length of road. Empire. Deserts run along the Pacific The highway system also served as a coast. The Atacama Desert in northern communication network for the govern­ Chile is one of the driest places on Earth. ment and military. Relay runners con­ Fertile areas can be found, however, where stantly carried messages long distances­ small rivers and streams run from the often up to 250 miles (403 km) per day. Andes highlands to the sea. That same distance took the Spanish East of the coastal deserts, the Andes colonial post nearly two weeks to cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Inca Civilization 1425 A.D - 1532 A.D
    Inca Civilization 1425 A.D - 1532 A.D The Inca first appeared in the Andes region during the 12th century A.D. and gradually built a massive kingdom through the military strength of their emperors. Known as Tawantinsuyu, the Incan empire spanned the distance of northern Ecuador to central Chile and consisted of 12 million inhabitants from more than 100 different ethnic (cultural) groups at its peak. Well-devised agricultural and roadway systems, along with a centralized religion and language, helped maintain a cohesive (solid) state. Despite their power, the Inca were quickly overwhelmed by the diseases and superior weaponry of Spanish invaders, the last bastion of their immense empire overtaken in 1572. The Inca first appeared in what is today southeastern Peru during the 12th century A.D (1100’s). According to some versions of their origin myths, they were created by the sun god, Inti, who sent his son Manco Capac to Earth through the middle of three caves in the village of Paccari Tampu. After killing his brothers, Manco Capac led his sisters and their followers through the wilderness before settling in the fertile valley near Cusco circa 1200. The expanding reach of the Inca state, lead to the need for information and people to travel quickly throughout the empire. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui is believed to have been the first Inca emperor to order forced resettlement to squash the possibility of an uprising from one ethnic (cultural) group. In addition, he established the practice in which rulers were prevented from inheriting the possessions of their fathers, thereby making sure that new leaders would conquer new lands and accumulate new wealth of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths of Survival and Heritage in Incan Religion
    Viva Los Incas: Myths of Survival and Heritage in Incan Religion Emily Scarbrough ___________________________________________________________ Religion has taken on many forms throughout history, each revealing much about those who believed in them. In the Incan empire, religion was embraced as an explanation for natural phenomena and the formation of society. Religion served an important purpose as it developed into a complex set of myths that governed the empire. Their polytheistic religion had several deities who controlled how the world functioned, with most important of these gods controlling the sun. Looking at the mythology that developed in the Incan empire reveals unrelenting dedication to surviving as individuals and as a united society. Incan mythology seems to enshrine, above all else, a belief in preservation; the mythology suggests a belief in preserving the societal hierarchy, livelihood, and the lineage of the Inca leader. Standing as the cornerstone of Incan religion was Inti, the sun god. As the expression of the sun and light, Inti was responsible for the success of the harvest season. The sun gave life to maize, potatoes, and quinoa, which in turn ensured a steady food supply. While he did not create the Incas, he ensured their livelihood. To thank Inti, temples of the sun were built, prayers spoke, and tribute paid through the sacrifice of crops, llamas, and, in extreme cases, young children.1 Inti was also the subject of the most important of the many Incan festivals, Inti Raymi. Despite centuries of Spanish influence, the festival is still celebrated in modern day Peru, as a reminder of their Incan heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social and Cultural Values of Caral-Supe, the Oldest Civilization of Peru and the Americas, and Their Role in Integrated Sustainable Development
    The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development Ruth Shady Solís 1 Research team director: Dr. Ruth Shady Solís. Archaeological research: In Caral: Marco Machacuay, Jorge Aching, Marco Bezares, Oliver Huamán, Luis Miranda, David Palomino, Edwin Rivera, Carlos Robles, Gonzalo Rodríguez, Rulfer Vicente and Gustavo Espinoza. In Áspero: Daniel Cáceda, Miguel Castillo, Nancy Gutiérrez, Kati Huamán and Luis Huertas. In Vichama: Aldemar Crispín, Norka Gamarra, Greta Valderrama, Tatiana Abad, Carlos Barrientos and Marco Valderrama. Monument preservation: Víctor Pimentel (advisor), Sergio Anchi, Juan Ruíz and Geraldine Ramírez. Technical support: Workers from surrounding villages (Caral, Llamahuaca, Supe Puerto and Végueta). In Lima: Laboratory team: Pedro Novoa, Giuliano Ardito, Dolores Buitrón, Manuel Gorriti, Daysi Manosalva and Giancarlo Ubillús. Edition coordinator: Edna Quispe. English translation: Patricia Courtney de Haro and Erick Delgado. 3D graphics: Christián Magallanes and Estela Vásquez. Geographical Information System: Karin Ramírez. Graphic design and layout: Marco Chacón and Nadia Cruz. Drawings: María Teresa Ganoza and PEACS archives. The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development. Copyright registered at Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, Nº 2008-02193 ISBN: 978-603-45179-0-5 © Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC. Av. Las Lomas de La Molina Nº 327. Urb. Las Lomas de La Molina Vieja, Lima 12, Peru. Phone: 495-1515 / 260-4598 www.caralperu.gob.pe All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Shamanism and Hegemony: a Gramscian Approach to the Chavin Staff God
    Shamanism and Hegemony: A Gramscian Approach to the Chavin Staff God Sharon E. Small Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past. Karl Marx The art ofthe past no longer exists as it once did. Its authority is lost. In its place there is a language of images. What matters is who uses that language and for what purpose. John Berger Around 500 BC a staff-bearing feline anthropomorph arrives on the archaeological terrain at Chavin de Huantar, an Early Horizon ceremonial site located in the central Andes and type site for the Chavin Horizon. Designated the Staff God, this icon is found on ceramics, textiles, and sculpture throughout lowland, highland, and coastal zones. Its diffusion over such a vast area is generally attributed to a peaceful feline cult whose rituals centered on the shaman's transformation into an animal spirit. Early theories that the Staff God was this cult's supreme or chiefdeity whose staffs balanced the universe and whose rituals helped to unify diverse peoples around shared beliefs and practices continue to appear in Chavin studies (Rowe 1967:86, 1992:196, 199). Lacking evidence of large-scale warfare and fortifications, Andeanists describe the Staff God's rituals as noncoercive and its culture as a harmonious and tranquil one. This emphasis on the Chavin as a religious polity and not a political one, which was pioneered in the 1940's, continues to inform interpretations of Chavin rituals and iconography (Rowe 1967:86, Lumbreras 1974:70, Moseley 1992:159, Burger and Miller 1988:111,Willey 1948:10,15, in Keatinge 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • As the Psychoactive Plant Utilized at Chavín De Huántar
    Ñawpa Pacha Journal of Andean Archaeology ISSN: 0077-6297 (Print) 2051-6207 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ynaw20 What kind of hallucinogenic snuff was used at Chavín de Huántar? An iconographic identification Richard Burger To cite this article: Richard Burger (2011) What kind of hallucinogenic snuff was used at Chavín de Huántar? An iconographic identification, Ñawpa Pacha, 31:2, 123-140, DOI: 10.1179/ naw.2011.31.2.123 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1179/naw.2011.31.2.123 Published online: 19 Jul 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 196 Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ynaw20 What kind of hallucinogenic snuff was used at Chavín de Huántar? An iconographic identification Richard L. Burger Iconography and artifacts from Chavín de Huántar attest to the importance of psychoactive substances consumed na- sally as snuff, and consequently hallucinogens other than San Pedro cactus must have been utilized. This article presents iconographic evidence from a Chavín de Huántar sculpture demonstrating the religious significance of Anadenanthera sp. (vilca), a plant containing the vision-producing bufotenine. Andenanthera colubrina var. Cebil is found east of the Peruvian Andes and consequently it is the most likely source of the psychoactive snuff ingested in the rituals at Chavín de Huántar and related ceremonial centers such as Kuntur Wasi. Aunque la utilización de substancias alucinógenas en el templo de Chavín de Huántar durante el fin del Período Inicial y el Horizonte Temprano (1000–300 a.C.) ha recibido la amplia aceptación de los arqueólogos, la única identificación de una droga alucinógena ha sido el San Pedro (Trichocereus pachanoi), un cactus rico en mescalina que hoy se encuentra en la costa y la sierra, incluyendo los alrededores de Chavín de Huántar.
    [Show full text]
  • Was the Inca Empire a Socialist State? A
    INCA EMPIRE 55 WAS THE INCA EMPIRE A SOCIALIST STATE? A HISTORICAL DISCUSSION meadow, and they tilled in common a portion of the agricultural land for the support of the chief, the cult 2 Kevin R. Harris and the aged. However, not all land was used for communal purposes all Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas in the fifteenth and the time. Sometimes individual members of the community used sixteenth centuries, the Inca Empire spread down much of the the land for a period of time for personal use. Llamas and modern South American coast in the Andes Mountains. The alpacas also grazed on the land. These large animals were used empire consisted of more than ten million inhabitants and had, for work and their wool was used to make clothing in the Inca 3 at the time, a very unique political and economic system. The State. When a common couple was married the community 4 government divided land and animals amongst members of the built them a modest house. It was a custom in Incan society for nation, not necessarily equally, and a system was in place to take people to help others in the community who were in need. care of the elderly and sick. Social scientists have been debating “People were expected to lend their labor to cultivate neighbors’ how to classify the Inca Empire for centuries. Arguments have land, and expected that neighbors would help them in due been made which classified the Inca Empire as a socialist state. course. All capable people were collaborated to support the Many elements of socialism existed in the Inca Empire, but can incapable—orphans, widows, the sick—with food and 5 the state really be classified as socialistic? housing.” Inca commoners expected this courtesy from their The Incas moved into the area which is now known as the neighbors.
    [Show full text]
  • Inti Raymi, the Sun Ceremony Travel Tags
    Peru Inti Raymi, the Sun Ceremony Travel TAGs Cultural Immersion | Special Events | Nature | Local Cuisine | Archaeology Details 03 Nights in Cusco 01 Nights in Aguascalientes 02 Nights in Lima Fixed Departure Start of the program: 21st June 2020 Inti Raymi, the Sun Ceremony Inclusions / Exclusions Inclusions Transfers o Transfers Airport – Hotel – Airport in each city. Excursions o Cusco City Tour. o Full day tour to the Sacred Valley: Awanacancha + Pisac + Ollantaytambo. o Entrance fee to the preferential area for the Inti Raymi ceremony on 24/June. o Expedition train ticket: Ollataytambo/Aguascalientes/ Ollataytambo. o RT Bus service to the archaeological center of Machu Picchu*. o Visit to the sacred visit of Machu Picchu. o Half day Lima City Tour. Meals o Daily breakfast at the hotel. o 01 buffet lunch during the tour to the Sacred Valley. No drinks included. o 01 buffet lunch in Aguas Calientes. No drinks included. o 01 box lunch during the Inti Raymi. Others o Accommodation in the detailed hotels or similar. o Meals according to the itinerary. o Permanent assistance in each destination. Exclusions International or domestic air fares. Services and non-mentioned meals in the itinerary. Drinks. Early check-in, late check-out and hotel extras. Personal expenses. Tips for guides and hotel staff. Inti Raymi, the Sun Ceremony Hotels Hotels in Cusco Economy Category: Imperial Hotel – Standard Room Economy Superior Category: Amerinka Boutique – Standard Room Superior Category: C. Andina Standard Catedral – Standard Room Executive
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Digital Open-Access Latin American Literature and Art •Fi INTI
    Inti: Revista de literatura hispánica Volume 1 Number 93 Article 37 2021 Creating Digital Open-Access Latin American Literature and Art – INTI Project Collaboration Donald Russell Bailey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/inti Citas recomendadas Bailey, Donald Russell (April 2021) "Creating Digital Open-Access Latin American Literature and Art – INTI Project Collaboration," Inti: Revista de literatura hispánica: No. 93, Article 37. Available at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/inti/vol1/iss93/37 This Digital Humanities – Transatlantic Literature is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in Inti: Revista de literatura hispánica by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIGITAL HUMANITIES – TRANSATLANTIC LITERATURE In Memory of Donald Russell Bailey International Digital Academic Library Scholar and Digital Humanist CREATING DIGITAL OPEN-ACCESS LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE AND ART – INTI PROJECT COLLABORATION Donald Russell Bailey Providence College, USA Abstract: Since the middle of the 1990’s, higher education teaching, learning and research have evolved to include an ever greater digital presence. These digital developments in the humanities have lagged most other areas in academia, retaining a preference for the physical print. A team of Latin American scholars, faculty and digital librarians at a US institution of higher education has successfully collaborated since 2008 to publish the INTI: Revista de Literatura Hispánica journal’s original, peer- reviewed literature and art as open-access digital resources for teaching, learning and research. What began as a collaborative digitization project has in 7 years evolved into a full-scale digital publishing enterprise including print-on-demand for INTI’s 350 continuing print-subscription libraries.
    [Show full text]