METROPOLITAN DADE COUNTY
Stephen P. Clark Mayor Neal F. Adams County Commissioner Harry P. Cain County Commissioner Sidney Levin County Commissioner Clara Oesterle County Commissioner Beverly Phillips County Commissioner James F. Redford County Commissioner Sandy Rubenstein County Commissioner Harvey Ruvin County Commissioner
R. Ray Goode County Manager May 17, 1976
Mr. A I f 0. Barth Chief Architect Metropolitan Dade County 140 West Flagler Street Miami, Florida 33130
Dear Mr. Barth:
We take pleasure in submitting this Master Plan for Dade County's Downtown Government Center. The Master Plan has been prepared for us by Connel I Metcalf & Eddy and is submitted in accordance with our contract.
This report is the last of three Milestone Reports and presents the DGC Program, its physical Design Plan, an Implementation Process and the Monual of Planning and Design Criteria. It is the blueprint for the next 25 years of development for this essential project which is already under construction.
As part of our contract, a model of the DGC Design Plan has been bui It. We urge everyone who has not yet seen it, to make a point of doing so, for the mode I best i I I ustrates the essent i a I concepts of the Design Plan.
Several actions by Dade County are recommended to bring the DGC Design Plan into being. These actions are presented in Section 6.0 dealing with the Implementation Process.
This assignment could not have been completed without the cooperation and assistance of many County, City and other pub I ic officials who have provided ~alued guidance.
Respectfu I I y submitted,
CONNELL, PIERCE CONNELL METCALF & EDDY, INC. 1320 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY ~c~ CORAL ABLES, FLA. 33134 Stephen C. Little, AIA Partner 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 TABLE 2.0 INTRODUCTION 6 2.1 GENERAL 6 OF 2.2 HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT SPACE NEEDS 6 CONTENTS 2.3 HISTORY OF PROJECT 8 3.0 PROGRAM 12 3.1 PROGRAM SUMMARY 12 3.2 SPACE REQUIREMENTS 17 4.0 SITE 28 4.1 GENERAL 28 4.2 ACCESS 30 4.3 ACQUISITION STATUS 32 4.4 RECENT SITE PROPOSALS 34 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 38 5.0 DESIGN PLAN 42 5.1 GENERAL 42 5.2 CITY OF MIAMI 47 5.3 DADE COUNTY 49 5.4 MIAMI-DADE COMMISSION CHAMBERS 55 5.5 STATE OF FLORIDA 56 5.6 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 57 5.7 LIBRARY 58 5.8 MUSEUM FOR THE VISUAL ARTS 59 5.9 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES 60 5.10 TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING 61 5.11 OPEN SPACE 66 5.12 UTILITIES 67 5.13 ADJACENT FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 71 5.14 ILLUSTRATIVE PLANS 73 6.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 93 6.1 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS 93 6.2 FUNDING STRATEGY 95
TECHNICAL APPENDIX TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING
MANUAL OF PLANNING AND DESIGN CRITERIA
This document contains the Master 1.0 Plan for the proposed Downtown Government Center in Miami, Florida.
EXECUTIVE The Master Plan for the Downtown Government Center consists of the SUMMARY fol lowing basic elements: • Program of proposed tenants and their projected space requirements.
e Design Plan
• Implementation Strategy
• Manual of Planning and Design Criteria
The DGC site consists of approxi mately 30 acres of land in downtown Miami, which is presently being acquired by Metropolitan Dade County. The site is bounded on the south by Flagler Street, on the west by N.W. Third Avenue and lnterstate-95, on the north by N.W. Fifth Street and on the east by the Florida East Coast Rai I road.
Program
The DGC Program consists of a com pilation and analysis of current and projected space needs for participating governments through the year 2000. Government Center tenants are planned to include the to I I owing:
e City of Miami Legislative and Administrative Faci I ities • City of Miami Pol ice Headquarters e Dade County Legislative and Administrative Faci I ities • Dade County Courts e State of Florida Regional Service Center • Federal Government e Miscellaneous Community Agencies • Dade County Library • Dade County Museum for the Visual Arts • Proposed Rapid Transit faci I ities e Supporting Commercial faci I ities
2 Objectives The DGC Design Plan wi 11 produce a unique Government Center environ- The DGC Master Plan seeks to accom ment in downtown Miami by providing p I i sh the to I Im-1 i ng genera I objec efficient circulation to and between tives: government functions while incorporat ing the visual and physical amenities Create a consolidated Govern of a natural tropical landscape • menta I Seat for the various combined with open spaces. pub I ic agencies in one central area. The major concepts of the Design Plan include the fol lowing: Create a unified organization • of components so as to effectuate AI I government tenants are a harmonious and wel I-functioning • located between N.W. First and plan. Fifth Streets and are Ii nked by an elevated People Mover Create a pub I ic-use environ system which connects these • ment true to the principle of faci I ities with one another, democratic government. the proposed transit station and DGC parking garages. Create a symbolic pub I ic • center in downtown Miami. The new County Library and Art • Museum are situated on the Create a Plan that wi 11 be a blocks between Flagler Street • catalyst to enhance the qua I ity and N.W. First Street to form of downtown Miami. a unified downtown cultural center, Ii nk i ng the unique char Develop a Plan that is integral acteristics of Flagler Street • with the overal I development with the Government Center plans for downtown Miami. administrative functions.
Develop a Plan that encourages A major downtown park is , • the use of mass transit and • proposed at grade I eve I in the modes of transportation other heart of the DGC to introduce than the private automobile. extensive natural landscape into an otherwise urban set Develop a Plan that has flexi ting . • bi I ity and al lows for modifica tion if the spatial requirements Existing east-west streets change. • between N.W. First and Fifth Streets through the Government Develop a Plan that provides Center are proposed to be • economies by efficiently closed for private vehicles in combining common faci I ities order to provide the major and functions. auto-free pedestrian zone within the site. Design Plan The proposed Miami-Dade Commis To achieve these objectives, a • sion Chambers, where the citizen Design Plan has been prepared which directly participates in his physically assigns projected space government, is situated near needs to bui I dings and faci I ities the center of the government on the DGC site. administrative functions. The Commission Chambers is planned
3 to be the ground level focal point for the government complex. e A raised people mover system I inks and unifies the various government tenants with one another, the proposed transit station and the parking garages. The peop I e mover structure wi I I also be utilized to house certain necessary Government Center uti I ity systems.
Manual of Planning and Design Criteria
As an integral component of the Master Plan, this Manual wi I I assist in guiding the final design and implementation of the various faci I ities and bui I dings in the DGC.
Recommended County Actions Proposals for an orderly imple mentation of the Design Plan are part of the essential process to bring the DGC to fruition. Certain necessary actions are required by Dade County to implement the Plan. They are I isted below:
I. Initiate a continuing program of pub I ic information and participation to encourage and obtain pub I ic acceptance of the project.
2. Take formal action endorsing the DGC Master Plan.
3. Initiate a commitment by the City of Miami to accept the DGC Master Plan.
4. Appoint a ful I time DGC Project Coordinator who would report directly to the County Manager and who would devote full time on implementing the project.
5. Select a General Consultant to coordinate the implementation of the Design Plan.
4
2.0 2.1 GENERAL Dade County, in cooperation with the City of Miami, the State of INTRODUCTION Florida and the Federal Government plans to bui Id a Government Center on the western edge of downtown Miami, near the existing Dade County Courthouse. The need for this combined faci I ity, which has been proposed since 1960 is wel I documented.
2.2 HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT SPACE NEEDS
Dade County government has con tinuous I y expanded since the late ISOO's, when the County seat was moved south from Juno to Miami. Para I I e I i ng this growth, the need for additional bui I ding space has similarly kept pace and remained a foremost problem for the last 75 years.
The first government offices in Dade County were housed in a ware house on the north side of the Miami River at South Miami Avenue, where they remained unti I 1904. In that year, a 2-story domed court house was erected on the same Flagler Street site as the present courthouse. County operations continued to expand and in 1925 the present 28-story courthouse was bui It around the old courthouse, leaving government operations virtually uninterrupted during the construction period. When com pleted, the new courthouse was the tallest bui I ding south of Baltimore. The courthouse appeared to have plenty of room for expansion; so much room, that space was leased to the City of Miami for its off ice needs. By 1954, however, County expansion had outstripped avai I able faci I ities. To alleviate the situation, the City of Miami moved its offices to quarters at Dinner Key. Only two years later, lack of space for County government was again er it i ca I .
6 A new County office bu i Id i ng at the the proposal to county voters. Miami Civic Center was planned. However, this use of the provision The Justice Bui I ding, which was to sti 11 must be approved by the be the centra I government bu i Id i ng Circuit Court of Florida and the in the new complex was financed out Florida Supreme Court. After of proceeds of a $15.5mi11 ion bond Florida's new constitution was issue which received approval in approved in 1968, an attempt to use 1956. Issued under the "courthouse it to finance a new Youth Hall statute", the I aw a I Iows the County failed. A new courthouse was to construct faci I ities for judicial inc I uded in a $ 70. 9 mi I I ion bond use without holding a pub I ic refer- issue for pub I ic bui I dings, which endum. However, it is stipulated voters rejected in November 1972. that the bui I ding must be used only for courts, and only judicial The City of Miami government has functions were planned in the experienced growing pains similar bui !ding. The County Attorney, to those of County government. however, ruled that until all When first incorporated as a City space is required by the courts, in 1896, Miami's offices were the County Commission has the casua I I y scattered on 2nd f I oors of authority to assign space on a buildings, in back storerooms, and temporary basis to any County in merchant quarters. The first department or agency. City Hal I was not erected unti I I 908. Containing the po I ice sta By the time the bui I ding was opened, tion, it was a 3-story high rock in 1962, space and its use was once bui I ding that remained in use unti I again an issue in County government, 1928, when City officials moved and the Metro Justice Building their off ices to the County Court became a matter of controversy. house. City government was situated The bui !ding had cost $8.5 mi 11 ion, there unti I 1954, when the Dinner and the pub I i c had never voted on Key faci I ity became the home for it. Judges actively fought over City government. space al location and courtrooms, and parking became a problem when Dinner Key was chosen as a temporary employees began to rope off parking site for City off ices unti I better areas, leaving the pub I ic no place arrangements could be made. There to park. Also, it was noted that was talk of buying an existing space needs were not properly downtown structure, or bu i Id i ng a accommodated in the County Court new City Hal I, which taxpayers house, even though some judicial rejected on a proposed bond issue. functions were moved to the Metro Bui It originally as Pan American Justice Bui !ding and the new County Airways terminal for flying boats J a i I • in 1934, the faci I ity was abandoned in 1945. Since then, three tenants The acute lack of space and con have tried operating restaurants in tinued dissatisfaction with the the faci I ity, and failed. It inadequacies and inefficiencies of became a "white elephant" for the the old courthouse prompted the City. However, its appearance in County to try to bui Id a new court a marine setting was thought to be house. Officials tried to use the representative of the area. What provision of Florida's old 1898 was orig i na I I y viewed as temporary constitution to levy $15-$19 housing in 1954 is today the City mi I I ion in property taxes to bu i Id government offices, for in 1956 a new courthouse without submitting voters defeated a proposed bond
7 issue of $3.5 mi 11 ion for a new together centra I I y. First, it City Hal I. In 1970, the voters pointed out the advantage of daily said no again to a $10.5mi11 ion contact between government person City Ha I I inc I uded in a bond ne I of various levels; second, proposa I; in 1974 when effort citizen convenience was shown to be was made to give the mayor and maximized with most government commissioners better off ices, buildings in the same locale; the cost was found prohibitive third, such a center would foster and the idea was again dropped. citizen pride in the community and government; and lastly, a Downtown Historically, there is a seemingly Government Center purportedly would endless problem of pub I ic space strengthen an already fai I ing Miami needs outstripping intended facil CBD. Asimilar plan was revital ities. Government growth in Dade ized in 1968 when Doxiades Asso County is no exception. For the ciates, contracted by the Downtown past two decades, Dade County has Development Authority, recommended experienced one of the largest a downtown government center com- population increases in the Country. p I ex to be located in the CBD of Because Metro government is com Miami. The merits of the two mitted to provide essential pub I ic proposals prompted the Dade County services for its growing population, Manager to appoint a Government the acute growth and space problems Center Advisory Staff Committee to are a result of pub I ic demands and "recommend program approaches and expectations for government services. qua I ified consultants for the planning and programming of the At present, with over a million proposed City, County, State and pub I ic dollars being spent each Federal government complex to be year on County leased space, and located in downtown Miami". with City, County, State and Federal office buildings spread The Committee retained the firm of al I over, government housing Cresap, McCormick and f"aget, Inc. needs within Dade County can to assist with over-a I I management we I I be termed acute. of ensuing studies and by 1969 tour other consultants were also working 2.3 HISTORY OF PROJECT on study components concerning transportation and parking require In 1960, the "Magic City Center ments, space requirements, esti Plan" documented the dramatic mated construction costs, site population growth in Dade County, analysis, and financial planning. the consequent growth of govern Foreseeing the need for a more menta I services and the serious formal pol icy-making body, the inefficiencies of operation and Downtown Miami-Dade Government inconvenience to the pub I i c of Center Pol icy Committee was formed overcrowded and widely scattered in 1969 by the City, County and governmental offices. The "Magic State, with the respons i bi I i ty of City Center Plan", which was "guiding staff and consultants in developed by the City of Miami their work and providing pol icy and Dade County, proposed that a dee is ions on a I I aspects of the government center be located in the government center, of evaluating general area of the courthouse. and approving the work of con The plan presented several reasons sultants". for bringing various governmental units (which included City, County, By 1970, the consultants' work was schoo I district, State, and Fed era I ) comp I eh~d. Eva I uat ion by the
8 consultants of the Doxiades pro State are for each government to posed site for the government bui Id and operate its own bui I dings center raised many questions. in the government center. In fact, Specifically, the Doxiades site was the City of Miami's Modern Pol ice located in Downtown Miami along the Station is already under construc FEC rai I road right-of-way west and tion in the northwest corner of the north of the existing County Court site and a State Regional Service house and Federal Building. How Center comprising more than 670,000 ever, fol lowing evaluation of square feet of offices is being alternative sites, a new site for designed for the northeast corner the center was selected and approved of the site. by the Pol icy Committee. This site was evaluated and approved by the In March 1975, the County's agree City of Miami and Dade County at a ment with Connel I, Pierce, Garland meeting held on May 4, 1970. The and Friedman was modified and site selected, consisting of 30 development of the Master Plan for acres is bounded by the FEC rai 1- Dade County's Downtown Government road on the east, Flagler Street on Center had been completed by the the south, 1-95 Expressway on the consultants and their companion west, and 5th Street on the north. firm Conne I I Metca If & Eddy. The The Pol icy Committee then recommended consultant prepared three reports that the City and County create a for the Downtown Government Center. 5-member Center Board, which first met in August, 1971. Milestone Report One
Dade County started to acquire land Comp I eted in June, 1975, Mi Iestone within the selected site area, Report One contained a verif i while the Center Board concerned cation, elaboration and revision of itself with alternative methods of space requirements, an analysis of financing the center. During this the Downtown Government Center period, the Board resolved to have site, an analysis of the previous the Government Center Master Plan Government Center p Ian, comp I e'ted updated, and contracted Conne I I, in 1973, known as the Interim Pierce, Garland and Friedman in Master Plan. 1972 for this assignment. A draft manual of planning and In November 1972 a bond issue con design criteria to serve as gu~de- taining $70.9 mi I I ion for govern 1 ines and design parameters was ment bui !dings was placed before also developed in Milestone One. voters, who rejected it. A financ The purpose of the manua I is to ing alternative then suggested was direct the master site planning in the establishment of a non-profit a unified way to help evaluate the corporation which would construct formulation of the Master Plan and the bui I ding with tax-free bonds the design of individual bui Idings. and lease space to the governments This draft Manual has been revised on a lease-purchase approach. and expanded in Milestone Report Two and is included in the Master In 1973 Connel I, Pierce, Garland, Plan. and Friedman completed an Interim Master Plan for the Downtown Govern Milestone Report Two ment Center. This plan which was based on the concept of single Completed in January, 1976, Mi le ownership, is now obsolete. The stone Report Two contained a recom current plans of County, City and mended Pre I iminary design Plan for
9 the Downtown Government Center government tenants with one which synthesized various concep another as we I I as with the tual design alternatives. proposed transit station and the parking garage; the people The most important design concepts mover structure wi I I a I so be of the Pre I iminary Design Plan uti I ized to house certain included the fol lowing: necessary DGC ut i I i ty systems.
A I I government tenants a re Master Plan • located between N.W. First and Fifth Streets and are I inked This report is the last of the by an elevated People Mover three Government Center Milestone which connects these fac i I i- reports. It contains the DGC t i es with one another, the Design Plans including appropriate proposed transit station and drawings, photographs of the design DGC parking garages. model, the Manual of Planning and Design Criteria and recommendations The new County Library and Art for an orderly implementation of • Museum are situated on the the Plan. blocks between Flagler Street and N.W. First Street to form During the course of Milestone a unified downtown cultural Three, the Pre I iminary Design Plan center, I inking the features has been briefly described and of Flagler Street with the Gov presented to the Dade County and ernment Center administra- City of Miami Commissions and has tive functions. been modified, improved and further elaborated. Modifications to the A major downtown park is pro Preliminary Plan include the fol low • posed at grade I eve I in the i ng: heart of the DGC to introduce extensive natural landscape The Commission Chambers has into an otherwise urban setting. • been redesigned so it is' hetter integrated into the Existing east-west streets design of the DGC park. Exist • between N.W. First and Fifth ing grades around the Commission Streets through the Government Chambers are planned to be Center are proposed to be raised, so the naturally land closed to private vehicles in scaped park wi I I become a order to provide the major more important element in the auto-free pedestrian zone Plan. The roof of the Com within the site. mission Chambers is planned as an outdoor amphitheater, The Miami-Dade Commission to further encourage weekend • Chambers, where the citizen and evening site events. directly participates in his government, is situated in the center of the proposed The shape of Parking Garage C, park; the Commission Chambers • located between Fifth and is planned to be the ground Fourth Streets, has been level focal point for the modified to a I I ow a better government complex. view into the planned DGC Park from the Police Headquarters A raised People Mover System building. • I inks and unifies the various
10 e The City of Miami administrative faci I ities have been modified to provide more "high pub I ic access" space on the lower levels.
• Commercial faci I ities have been relocated for better site distribution.
• The shape of the proposed Art Museum has been simplified to faci I itate greater final design flexibi I ity.
• Expansion plans have been incorporated for the Library and Pol ice Headquarters.
Several essential recommendations have been developed dealing with implementation. These recommenda tions appear both in the Executive Summary and Section 6.0, Implemen tation.
This report is organized to present the DGC Program first (Section 3.0l; then a description of the site and many of the physical factors affect ing the physical design of the DGC are presented (Section 4.0l; next, the Physical Plan is described in Section 5.0. Al I of the Design Plans and Sections are contained at the end of this section. Sec tion 6.0 deals with the essential implementation strategy and recom mendations. This is fol lowed by the Technical Appendix on Traffic and Transportation and the Manual of Planning and Design Criter~a.
11 3.0 3.1 PROGRAM SUMMARY A I isting of proposed Downtown PROGRAM Government Center tenants fol lows: City of Miami Legislative and Administrative Faci I ities City of Miami Pol ice Headquar ters Dade County Legislative and Administrative Faci I ities Dade County Courts State of Florida Federal Government Miscellaneous Community Agencies Dade County Library Dade County Musuem for the Visual Arts Commercial Faci I ities
A summary of current and projected space needs for DGC tenants, inc I ud i ng visitor and employee require ments, is provided on the next pages.
A unique faci I ity planned in the DGC is the Miami-Dade Commission Cham bers. This is a new faci I ity that combines the legislative space re quirements for both the City and County. Although part of orig- inal program, it is proposed that this faci I ity be owned jointly by both the City of Miami and Dade County governments. A descrip- tion of the proposed Commission Chambers is provided in the sec tion of the report that describes the pre I iminary Master Site Plan.
TOTAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS in square feet
5.000,000
4.100.000
OTHER J 213 .000 3.000,000 2.467.000 OTHER FEDERAL
OTHER FEDERAL - STATE FEDERAL ST ATE
STATE COUNTY 1,000,000 COUNTY COUNTY
COUNTY COURTS COUNTY COURTS 0 c I Cl y CITY 19 80 19 90 2000
12
PROJECTED SPACE REQUIREMENTS 1980-2000 IN SQUARE FEET
FACILITY 1980 1990 2000
City of Miami (Administration) Probab i I i ty I 139,000 149,000 157,000 Probabi I ity I I 196,000 206,000 214,000 I City of Miami Pol ice Headquarters 140,000 140,000 200,000 Dade County (Administration) Probab i I i ty I 681,000 862,000 I ,085,000 Probabi I ity I I 752,000 938,000 I, 167,000
Miami-Dade Commission Chambers 28,000 28,000 28,000
Dade County Courts 293,000 436,000 506,000
State of Florida2 337,000 531,000 676,000
Federa I Government 353,000 523,000 703,000
Mi see I I aneous Agencies 83,000 106,000 126,000
Library 200,000 200,000 300,000
Art Museum 45,000 45,000 100,000
Commercial Fae i Ii ti es 40,000 60,000 80,000
Total A3 2,339,000 3,080,000 3, 961, 000 Total A4 2,396,000 3, 137,000 4,018,000 Total AS 2,410,000 3, I 56, 000 4,043,000 Total A6 2,467,000 3,213,000 4, I 00, 000
Under Construction 2 167,000 Sq. Ft. wi 11 be completed in 1976 3 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabl I ity I only 4 Incl. City of Miami Probabi I ity 11 and Dade County Probabi I ity 5 Incl. City of Miami Probability I and Dade County Probability II 6 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabi I ity 11 only
14 DAYTIME EMPLOYEE POPULATION 1980-2000
FACILITY 1980 1990 2000
City of Miami (Administration) Prob ab i I i ty I 519 554 581 Probab i I i ty I I 709 746 777 1 City of Mi am i Po I ice Headquarters 350 400 450
Dade County (Administration) Probabi I ity I 2,665 3,255 3,756 Probab i I i ty I I 2,739 3,342 3,867
Miami-Dade Commission Chambers 42 42 42
Dade County Courts 367 417 467 2 State of Florida I, 176 I, 769 2,215
Federal Government I, 176 I, 743 2,343
Miscellaneous Agencies 347 443 529
Library 300 300 400
Art Museum 50 50 75
Commercial Faci I ities 40 60 80
Total A3 7,032 9,033 10,938 Total s4 7,222 9,225 I I, 134 Total c5 7, I 06 9' 120 I I ,049 Total D6 7 ,296 9,312 I I, 245
I Under Construction 2 613 Employees in 1976 3 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabi I ity I only 4 Incl. City of Miami Probabi I ity I I and Dade County Probabi I ity I 5 Incl. City of Miami Probabi I ity I and Dade County Probabi I ity 11 6 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabi I ity I I only
15 DAYTIME VISITOR POPULATION 1980-2000
FACILITY 1980 1990 2000
City of Miami (Administration) Prob ab i I i ty I 650 700 750 Probabi I ity I I 725 800 850
City of Miami Pol ice Headquarters' 200 225 250
Dade County (Administration) Probabi I ity I 3, 175 3,900 4,600 Probabi I ity I I 3,225 3,975 4,675
Miami-Dade Commission Chambers 400 450 500
Dade County Courts 900 I, 025 I, 450 2 State of Florida 3,200 4,500 5,200
Federal Government I, 175 I, 750 2,350
Mi see I I aneous Agencies 225 300 375
Library 2,400 2,750 ,3,600
Art Museum I ,000 I, 200 2,000
Commercial Fae i I it i es
Total A3 13,325 16,800 21,075 Total 84 13,400 16,900 21' 175 Total c5 13,375 16,875 21' 150 Total D6 13,450 16,975 21'250
I Under Construction 2 1700 Visitors in 1976 4 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabi I ity I only 4 Incl. City of Miami Probabi I ity 11 and Dade County Probabi I ity I 5 Incl. City of Miami Probabi I ity I and Dade County Probabi I ity 11 6 Incl. City of Miami and Dade County Probabi I ity I I only
16 3.2 SPACE PROGRAM
A more detailed I ist of current and projected space requirements for each DGC tenant by individual agency and department is presented on the fol lowing pages. See Mi le stone Report One and Milestone Report One Addendum for data sources and spatial projection methodology.
17 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTION IN SQUARE FEET
1975 1980 1990 2000
CITY OF MIAMI PROBABILITY I
DEPARTMENT
City Manager 4,200 5,750 7,000 8,250 City Manager-Budget I, 200 I, 800 I, 800 I, 800 City Manager-Employee Services 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Department of Administration Planning and Zoning 2,500 4,400 4,400 4,400 Bui I ding and Zoning 10,864 21 '250 22,250 23,250 City Clerk I, 600 I ,600 I, 600 I, 600 Computer Fae i I i ty I, 000 I, 000 I, 000 Finance I I, 757 16,200 16,200 16,200 Fire Administration 3' 189 4,000 4,600 5,200 Prevention 5,809 8,000 9,000 9,600 Fi re Co I I ege 280 280 280 280 Rescue 225 400 400 400
I nterna I Audit I, 320 I, 320 I, 320 I, 320 Law 6,475 6,600 7,200 7,600 Parks and Recreation I, 800 2,800 3,600 Planning 3,200 8,750 I I, 250 12,500 Pub I ic Works 17,500 25,800 26,000 26,200
Net Total 72, I 19 110,950 I 19, I 00 125,200
x I .25 = Gross Total I 90, 148 139,oool 149,000 1 157,000 1
Commission Offices 3,500 4,250 4,250 4,250 x I .25 = Gross Total 4,375 5,3002 5,3002 5,3002 Commission Chambers 3,700 9,000 9,000 9,000 Chamber Total 8,075 14,3002 14,3002 14,3002
!Rounded off to nearest thousand. 2Rounded off to nearest hundred.
18 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
CITY OF MIAMI PROBABILITY I I
DEPARTMENT
Ci vi I Service 4,238 6,038 6,050 6,050 Communications 9' 145 10,000 10,000 10,000 Medical 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Pub I ic Faci I ities I, 800 I, 800 I, 800 I, 800 Pub/ ic Properties 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 Pub I icity and Tourism 3,500 10,000 10,000 10,000 Sanitation 2,600 5,600 5' 775 5,950
l\Jet Subtota I 33,283 45,438 45,625 45,800
I X I .25 = Gross Subtotal 41'604 57,ooo 1 57,ooo 57,ooo' Gross Tota I I 90, 148 139,000I 149,000 1 157,000 1 Gross Tota I I I (exc I. 131,752 196,000' 206,000' 214,000I Chambers)
CITY OF MIAMI POLICE HEADQUARTERS 140,000 140,000 ,200,000
DADE COUNTY PROBABILITY I
DEPARTMENT
County Manager
County Manager's Office 4,600 5,250 6,250 7,250 Affirmative Action Program 225 2,000 2,400 2,800 Consumer Protection 2,676 8,000 10,000 12,000 Consumer Services-Citizen 2,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 I n format ion Criminal Justice Planning 2,600 3,600 4,400 5,200 Unit Latin AffiJirs 2,450 2,400 4,000 5,200 Manpower Planning Counci I 5,717 22,000 26,000 30,000
1Rounded off to nearest thousand.
19 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
DADE COUNTY PROBABILITY I (continued)
DEPARTMENT
Office of Transportation 7,000 40,000 40,000 42,000 Coordinator Bui I ding and Zoning 22,400 50,000 60,000 70,000 Community Relations Board 2, I 00 3,000 4,200 5,400
Fair Housing and Employment I, 439 3,000 4,000 5,000 Commission
Credit Union 2,598 3,600 4,800 6,000 Elections-Administration 10,408 16,000 18,000 22,000 Environmental Resources 5,608 10,000 I I, 400 12,800 Finance
Accounting 20,700 23,000 28,600 34,200 Administration 2,750 2,500 4,500 6,500 Tax Collection 18,461 28,400 36,800 45,200
General Services Administration
Office of Director I, 200 I , 600 2,000 Architecture 5,000 6,000 7,600 9,200 Telecommunications 2,800 I, 000 I ,800 2,600 Insurance Mgt. 3,400 3,600 3,800 Purchasing 4,700 5,600 6,800 8,000 Energy Office 300 800 I, 200 I, 600
Human Resources
Office of Director I , 480 14,000 24,000 30,000 Addiction Treatment Div. 16,977 15,000 15,400 15,800 Chi Id Deve I opment Div. 4,892 3,800 5,000 6,200 Community Action 10,473 18,000 22,000 26,000 Comprehensive Offender Rehab. 840 2,400 3,600 4,800 Elderly Services 2,300 2,400 4,400 6,400 Health Services 2,800 7,600 10,400 13,200 Manpower Administration 5' 723 4,250 5,250 6,250 Model Cities 9,900 I I, 400 12,600 13,800 Veterans Services I, 500 I ,600 2,400 3,200
20 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
DADE COUNTY PROBABILITY I (continued)
DEPARTMENT
Internal Auditing I, 645 4,500 6,000 7,500 Law 4,500 5,000 6,000 7,000 Management and Budget
Aid to Victims of Crime 2,078 2,000 2,400 2,800 Budget (Capital Improvements, 4,700 7,000 8,600 10,200 Labor Relations, Municipal Liaison) Community Analysis 3,450 4,600 5,000 5,400 Office of Economic Devel. I ,200 3,000 4,000 5,000
Personnel Division 17,900 16,500 19,500 22,500 Planning Department 12,500 20,000 26,000 32,000 Pre-trial Services Intervention 4, 725 8,000 9,200 10,800 Program Property Appraisal 25,000 54,250 54,600 55,300 Pub I ic Works Department 34,238 43,800 68,000 76,000 Waste Administration 4,380 9,000 I I ,000 13,000 Rape Awareness-Pub I ic Education I, 138 I ,600 2,000 2,400 Traffic and Transportation I I ,800 21, 000 23,000 25,000 Water and Sewer Board I ,060 I ,600 2,000 2,400 Youth Services 8,500 7,000 9,500 12,000 Future Departments 25,000 100,000 Cafeteria 10,000 10,000 10,000
Net Total 322,231 544,550 689, 300 868,200
X 1.25 ==Gross Total I 402,789 681 ,000 I 862,000 1 I ,085, 000 I
Commission Off ices 5,000 7,875 7, 875 7,875 X I .25 - Gross Total 6,250 9,8002 9,8002 9,8002 Commission Chambers 4,500 7,000 7,000 7,000 Chamber Total 10,750 16,8002 16,8002 16,8002
IRounded off to nearest thousand. 2Rounded off to ~earest hundred.
21 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
DADE COUNTY PROBABILITY I I
DEPARTMENT
Cooperative Extension Program 5' 124 5,600 6,600 7,400
Microfi Im, Records 28,919 50,000 54,000 58,000
Net Total 34,043 56,600 60,600 65,400
X I .25 =Gross Subtotal 42,554 71, 000 I 76,oool 82,000' Gross Tota I I 402,789 681'000 862,000 I, 085, 000 Gross Tota I I I (exc I. 445,343 752,000 938,000 I, 167, 000 Chambers)
MIAMI-DADE COMMISSION CHAMBERS
City of Miami Commission Offices 5,300 5,300 5,300 Dade County Commission Off ices 9,900 9,900 9,900 Miami-Dade Commission! 12,800 12,800 12,800
Gross Tota I 28,000 28,000 28,000
DADE COUNTY COURTS
FUNCTION
Judge's Chamber (Office) 14,850 22,950 36,315 40,500 Judge's Chamber 2,250 2,925 3,600 Separate from Office for Probate Judges Judge's Secretary's Office 6,600 9, 100 13,700 15,750 Judge's Bai I iff's Area I , 950 2,663 3,375 Judge's Waiting Room I ,650 5,200 8,500 9,000 Court Reporter's Room 720 3,000 4,800 5,400 Courtroom 6-Man Jury Box 15,000 46,000 70,000 82,000 Courtroom 12-Man Jury Box 6,750 I I, 250 17,000 22,500 Court Lobby 5,400 16,800 23,000 30,000 Jury Room 6-Man 3,080 12,750 20,000 22,500 Jury Room 12-Man 900 I ,850 3,200 3,700 I Ho I d i ng Ce I I 450 2,400 3, 100 3,600
IRounded off to nearest thousand. 2Rounded off to nearest hundred.
22 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
DADE COUNTY COURTS (continued)
FUNCTION
I Prisoner Circulation Area 200 2,800 3,800 4,200 Pub I ic Men's Toi let Rooms 800 4,500 5,900 6,750 Pub I ic Women's Toi let Rooms 800 5,000 6,600 7,500 Juror's Compound 4,800 7,200 9,600 Pub I ic Eating Faci I ities I ,600 2,400 3,200 Cafeteria 8,000 9' 150 Press Room 2,400 3,000 3,600 Grand Jury - Courtroom 900 2,250 2,250 2,250 Grand Jury - Office Space I, 350 I , 500 2, I 00 3,000 Attorney's Conference Room I, 600 2,000 2,400 Employee Lounges 400 I , 800 2,500 3,000 Records Room 400 2,000 3,600 4,000 Storage Room 600 3,000 3,900 4,500
Subtotal 60,850 168,750 258,453 305,075
Court Clerks (Inc. Chief Deputies) 675 I , 500 I, 500 I, 500 Circuit - General Offices 24, 112 34,000 46,000 50,000 Ci vi I - General Offices 2,640 3,750 5, I 00 6,250 Smal I Claims - General Offices 1,300 6,000 9,000 10,000 County Judges 5,714 6,000 9,000 10,000 Lounges (Employee) 900 2,000 2, 700 3,000
Subtotal 35,341 53,250 73' 300 80,750
Ci vi I Processing Bureau-Pub I ic· 4,062 8,000 I I ,000 12,000 Safety State Attorney's Non-Support Div. 2, 160 3,000 4,300 5,000 Records (Interim Storage) Center I ,000 I, 500 2,000
Subtotal 6,222 12,000 16,800 19,000 l\Jet Tota I 102,413 234,000 348,553 404,825
X I .25 =Gross Total 128,016 293,oool 436,000 1 506,000 1
IRounded off to nearest thousand.
23 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000 1 STATE OF FLORIDA 167,oool 337,000 531 , 000 I 676,000I FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
GENERAL PURPOSE LEASED SPACE
AGENCY
U.S. Attorney I 0, 161 IRS Regional Inspection Div. I, 860 Office of Minority Bus. Enterprise 600 Air Force-Veterinarian Food 536 Inspection Bureau of Prisons 352 Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs 800 Agency for International Develop. 3,500 Defense Investigation Service I, 408 Food and Drug Administration I , 552 APHIS-Veterinary Services 5,075 Interstate Commerce Comm. 750 Social Security Administration 186 Food and Nutrition 805 Rai I road Retirement Board 655 Extension Service 5, I 24 Ci vi I Aeronautics Board 363 Federal Highway Administration 165 Ci vi I Service Commission 4,610 Commerce-District Off ice 2,000 DOD Recruiting 2,885 Coast Guard Recruiting 660 Coast Guard Marine Inspection 3,500 Station Division Defense 3,700 Navy Recruiting Main Station 5,958 Army Recruiting Main Station 4,550 Equal Employment Opportunity Comm. 4,475 Social Security Administration 5,888 Hearings and Appeals Social Security Administration 14,700 Federal Housing Administration 18,730 Geological Survey 10,563 Drug Enforcement Adm.-Task Force 9,460 Drug Enforcement Administration 14,385 Savings Bond Division 325
1Rounded off to nearest thousand. 24 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PROJECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (continued)
GENERAL PURPOSE LEASED SPACE
AGENCY
Immigration and Naturalization 6,800 Services Cuban Process Unit Labor Management Service 4, I 00 National Labor Relations Board 3,491 Securities and Exchange Comm. 2,874 Smal I Business Administration 9, 125 Bureau of Customs-District Off ice 21'966 Bureau of Customs-Regional Comm. 15,834 Bureau of Customs-Investigation 12,208 Bureau of Customs-Field Audit 3,320 Comptroller of the Currency I, 503
Net Total 221'502
X I .25 =Gross Total 2n,0001 353,oool 523,oool 703,oool
MISCELLANEOUS AGENCIES
United Way of Dade County 40,000 54,000 68,000 80,000 Health Planning Counci I Commerce 4,000 5,845 9' 185 12,525 Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce 5,510 5,460 6,450 7,200 Downtown Development Authority I ,000 I ,000 I ,000 I ,000
Net Tota I 50,510 66,305 84,635 100,725
X I .25 =Gross Total 63, 138 83,ooo 1 106,000I 126,000I
DADE COUNTY LIBRARY 200,000 200,000 300,000
IRounded off to nearest thousand.
25 DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SPACE PRO .. IECTIONS IN SQUARE FEET (continued)
1975 1980 1990 2000
DADE COUNTY ART MUSEUM
FUNCTION
Gallery and Exhibit Areas 11, 500 I I, 500 31'500 Pub I ic Non-Display Areas 4,500 4,500 9,500 Members Areas I, 500 I, 500 I, 500 Administration, Service & Maint. 6,000 6,000 21'000 Receiving, Preparation & Storage 21 '500 21 '500 36,500
Gross Total 45,000 45,000 100,000
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES 40,000 60,000 80,000
26
4.0 4.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Site tor the Government Center is situated in downtown Miami, west SITE and north of the existing Dade County Courthouse. It is bordered by 1-95 and N.W. 3rd Avenue on the west, N.W. 5th Street on the north, the Florida East Coast Rai I road Right-of-Way on the east, and Flagler Street to the South.
The site is in an area of downtown that has traditionally contained mixed land uses, including whole saling, warehousing, I ight manu facturing and residential. At Flagler Street, on the southern perimeter, several retai I outlets exist. These stores are imme diately west of Flagler Street, downtown Miami's "Main Street", which extends from Biscayne Boulevard in the east, to the Courthouse in the West. Most of the DGC site presently consists of relatively smal I 2 and 3 story structures and surface parking lots. The DGC site is traversed by two north-south streets, N.W. 2nd Avenue and N.W. 1st Court; each having right-of-way widths of 50 feet. N.W. 2nd Avenue, the more important of the two, crosses the Miami River to the south, and carries some through traffic. N.W. 1st Court does not traverse the entire Government Center Site, but stops at N.W. 1st Street. To the north the street ends at N.W. 8th Street. This street is a local street and does not carry through traffic.
Four east-west streets cross the site, N.W. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Streets. Al I these streets extend eastward to Biscayne Boulevard, although the pavement for N.W. 4th Street doesn't cross the F.E.C. tracks. Al I east-west streets cross under 1-95 and extend to North River Drive.
28
4.2 SITE ACCESS location of Flagler and 1st Streets which provide for relatively heavy Vehicular east-west traffic movements to and from the site. The inabi I ity of There is generally good vehicular traffic from western Dade County, access and egress from the site to using the East-West Expressway to the north. For areas north of 1-395 interchange at 1-95 to the ramps in access and egress is provided via 1-95. the project vicinity, is again a For the area south of 1-395 and east problem. Vehicles seeking access of 1-95 access is provided via N.W. or egress to or from the west may 2nd Avenue, N.W. 1st Avenue and Miami have to use the local street system Avenue. For the area south of 1-395 to get to or from parking spaces. and west of 1-95 access is provided via the local street system. Existing Public Transit:
Access and egress from the south Miami's Central Business District are also relatively direct and can is wel I served by existing MTA bus be made without much difficulty via routes. The Downtown Government 1-95. Good site access is also Center site is, however, not presently avai I able via N.W. 2nd Avenue. wel I served. Service to the DGC wi I I have to be improved once the Vehicular access and egress to the project supports a large number of east is somewhat I imited; however, employees and visitors. This demand for travel to and from this shoul~ not create a problem because direction is not as great as from the site is situated close to the north and south. Although good existing routes. local street access is available, access from Miami Beach is provided The new rapid transit system which via 1-95, then Biscayne Boulevard, has been proposed for Dade County, then the local street system, wi I I, on the other hand, make the principally Flagler Street, N.W. DGC site one of the most accessible 1st Street and N.W. 3rd Street. sites in the region since these Going from the site to Miami Beach, major transit I ines are planned to one would use Flagler Street and interface adjacent to the DGC site. other local streets north of the A general description of the rapid site. The major problem for access transit system and DGC station is and egress to and from the east is presented in Section 4.4. inabi I ity of traffic using 1-395 to connect to 1-95 permitting east Pedestrian bound traffic to get to the local street system in the vicinity of The main existing pedestrian route the site. The arrangement of the between the DGC and the remainder ramps at the existing interchange of downtown Miami is to and from currently precludes these movements. Flagler Street and the Flagler Modification of the existing inter Street syndrome to the south-east change may be possible. of the site. Other important existing pedestrian routes are The same problems which hamper along many of the sidewalk continua access and egress to the east also tions of the existing street grid. plague western movements. The The more important of these are problem to the west is considered from First, Second, Third and less, however, because of the Fourth Streets in the east, Second Avenue in the north and Lummus Park in the west.
30
When the proposed DGC transit pub I ic ownership. It is not known, station is bui It, (see Recent at this time, when acquisition wi 11 Proposals Section 4.4) the points be completed. at which the pedestrian enters and leaves the station are expected to Two blocks, in the northwest corner be the sources of greatest pedes of the site (75N&88N) were sold to trian access and egress. the City of Miami. The modern Miami Pol ice Headquarters and its 4.3 ACQUISITION STATUS parking garage are presently under construction on one of them. The In 1974 Dade County began acqu1r1ng State of Florida has acquired two land within the boundaries of the blocks in the northeast corner of site. More than two-thirds of the the site (76N&76E) from Dade County. property within the Downtown Govern The State wi I I construct its regional ment Center site is already in service center on this property.
DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER SITE AREA
BLOCK NO. SQ.FT. ACRES
75N 146,000 3.35 88N 150,000 3.44 76N 87,000 2.00 76E 43,500 I .00 87N 90,000 2.07 87E 45,000 I .03 95N 150,000 3.44 96N 90,000 2.07 96E 45,000 I .03 107E 45,000 I .03 107N 90,000 2.07 I 14N 145,000 3.33 I I 3N 75,495 I. 73 108N 126,000 2.89
I ,327,995 TOTAL (SQ.FT.) 30.48 TOTAL ACRES
Street Areas = 335,795 Sq. Ft. 7.71 Acres
32
4.4 RECENT SITE PROPOSALS is planned to be fully operational by 1985. Severa I important proposa Is have recently been made within or adja The Downtown Government Center Site cent to the Downtown Government wi I I be served by the I -95 bu sway Center. Many of these proposals system, the north-south and the east affect the design of the site. A west I i ne. The I -95 bu sway route summary is provided below: which begins at the Golden Glades Interchange terminates on the west Dade County Rapid Transit System side of the Downtown Government Center site. The busway which is already completed on most of 1-95 In 1972 the voters in Dade County is planned to turn east from 1-95 approved a bond issue authorizing an onto the airport expressway. From integrated transportation system for there, it proceeds south along the the County. Since that time, plans existing FEC right-of-way to a for the Dade County Rapid Transit terminal on the east side of the System have been progressing rapidly. Downtown Government Center Site. Horizontal and vertical alignments The proposed north-south route is for most of the grade separated planned to run from Cutler Ridge in structures have been completed for the south to Hialeah and Opa-locka specific routes. Tentative property in the north. This I ine is planned acquisition maps have also been to be an elevated fixed guideway, prepared. carrying steel wheel trains. More than half of this route is planned The major components of the system to ut i I i ze the FEC Right-of-Way. It are the fixed guideway rai I routes is anticipated that this route wi I I and the exclusive busway routes. carry the highest number of transit Both of the major rai I routes users. The proposed East-West I ine (north-south and east-west) converge is planned to run from Miami Inter at stations on the eastern side of national Airport to Miami Beach via the Downtown Government Center Site. Downtown Miami. The probability of The exclusive 1-95 busway has its this I i ne being constructed in its southern terminal in the same area, present alignment is slim. making the Government Center Site, the hub of the proposed rapid transit Schematic architectural plans for system, readily accessible to the the proposed Downtown Government residents of Dade County. Center Station have been prepared. The station is designed to accom Due to the DGC's accessibi I ity to modate passengers from al I three the proposed rapid transit system, major components of the system - the the construction and operational north-south busway, the north-south staging of the system may be of route and the east-west route. particular importance to the staging Approximately 94,000 daily passen of the Government Center. gers are expected to have their origins or destinations at this It is anticipated that the rapid station. In addition, approximately transit system wi I I be bui It in 90,000 daily transfers are projected three stages. in this station for 1985.
Stage I faci I ities are scheduled for completion in 5 years, Stage 11, I- Dade County has recently received I /2 years I ater and Stage I I I, 1-1 /2 initial final design funding from years thereafter. The entire system UMTA for Stage I Engineering.
34
According to the County's Office of off-peak periods. Emergency vehicles Transportation Coordination, no would be able to use the pedestrian horizontal alignment changes in the transitway as required. DGC area are expected for the 1-95 busway and north-south rapid transit The pedestrian transitway would I ines; although additional studies accommodate two-way bus traffic in may be required on vertical align the two through lanes. Pockets of ments. However, both the horizontal sufficient length to accommodate and vertical alignments of the loading and unloading of mini-buses proposed east-west I ine may be and those I ine-haul buses remaining restudied and changed. The geometry after the core rapid transit system of this proposed I ine and its station is operable would be provided at platform adversely impact the DGC strategic locations along the site. In order to undertake the pedestrian transitway; sidewalks Design Plan for the DGC, within the would also be widened to suit this allowable schedule, it is assumed arrangement. Pedestrian amenities that none of these proposed transit would include widened, landscaped improvements wi I I be altered. The sidewalks, sitting areas, informa most recent transit alignments and tion displays, and improved pub I ic plans have been accepted as proposed signing. Mai I boxes, telephones, and therefore integrated into the and pub I ic safety equipment would Design PI an. be consolidated near the bus stops and at other convenient locations. ~ In order to support the rapid transit An environment upgraded for pedes- system, seven new downtown mini-bus trian comfort would be conducive loops have been proposed for Miami. to strol I ing, thereby acting as a They wi I I genera I I y serve as feeder catalyst for shopping in the many bus routes to the rapid transit sta business establishments I ining the tions and as feeder-bus routes to a Street. proposed Flagler Street Pedestrian Transitway, while also serving intra State Regional Service Center district trip demands for key areas within the downtown sector. A site has been selected and archi tectural plans for State of Florida Flagler Street Pedestrian Transitway Regional Service Center have been completed. The first of four bui I dings wi 11 be under construc One of the most significant develop tion in early 1976. ments affecting the design of the Downtown Government Center is the Parking proposal to convert Flagler Street into a pedestrian transitway between Parking is a major part of the the FEC RR and Biscayne Boulevard. program requirements in the Down Originally suggested as part of the town Government Center. Criteria 1960 Magic City Center Plan, this on the number of parking spaces is proposal has again been activated by therefore of paramount importance. the Kaiser Engineering team as part Regulations affecting the required of their rapid transit studies. It number of parking spaces are con is proposed that Flagler Street be tained in the City of Miami Zoning exclusively dedicated to pedestrian Ordinance. One parking space for movement and mass transit. Auto each 400 square feet of gross floor mobile and truck traffic would be area of bu i Id i ng is present I y prohibited except for delivery required for business, professional vehicles which would be I imited to or government administrative certain hours of the day during the office use.
36 The City of Miami is, however, of I space per 1000 square feet conside1ing revisions to the existing with a maximum of 1200 spaces per zoning ordinance in downtown. block. Since short-term parking Although the proposed zoning ordi demand wi I I meet or exceed 1200 nance contains no special parking spaces, the I space per 1000 square requirements it does contain some feet shou Id be a mini mum as we I I . relevant sections dealing with parking. One of the purposes of Since it is recommended that only the new regulations is "To imple 30% of parking demand need be ment a parking pol icy which is satisfied on site, additional off based on the traffic capacity of site parking areas have been pro the street system and which wi I I posed to supply parking spaces for accommodate the growth and develop the remainder of the demand. One ment of the City's central business of the locations identified to district ... " Fo I I owing are excerpts contain off-site parking for down from the proposed ordinance. town is within the Government Center site. It is a I so suggested "For the purpose of requiring and that people movers may be required regulating the provision of off to connect these parking con street parking faci I ities by develo centrations to the rest of down pers a Parking Pol icy and Guide I ines town since they are beyond walk may be adopted by the City Commis ing distance to other downtown sion fol lowing the same procedure office sites. required for amendments to the Zoning Ordinance as set forth in With as much as 70% of the parking ARTICLE XXX. The Parking Pol icy demand to be met off-site, the and Gui de I i nes sha I I be concerned public will have to institute a among other things with the impact monitoring program to evaluate each of parking faci I ities, existing and new development and to recommend proposed, on the capacity of the specific locations for garages to street system, with off-street properly serve the increasing ,off parking demand and need generated site parking demands. by development of enlargements, and with the compatibi I ity of such Because of the possible change in faci I ities, considering their the City of Miami parking require amount as wel I as location, with ments, the DGC parking needs will the optimum future use and develop be based upon projected parking ment of surrounding areas." demand and parking garage loca tions. Both on and off-site wi I I The proposed ordinance does not be considered. specify maximum and minimum parking requirements for the G-U zone, but A major parking concentration instead indicates that the City serving downtown Miami has been Commission may set up parking proposed for the DGC site. ( Wa I I ace, policies and guide I ines. Some McHarg, Roberts & Todd "Downtown insights to these parking policies Miami 1973-1985") and guide I ines are contained in a report titled "Urban Development A reduction in on-site parking and Zoning Plan" ... the on-site requirements, from 3.3 cars to I .0 parking guideline is that for any cars per thousand square feet of new office development in the core office space, has been proposed in area a maximum of 30% of total downtown Miami . (Proposed modi f i - demand should be permitted on site. cation to Zoning Ordinance, City This translates into a requirement of Miami.)
37 Street Closings e. The scale of the develop ment in relation to N.W. 2nd Street between N.W. 1st adjacent properties, Avenue and N. W. I st Court has been neighborhood and com proposed to be closed. (Kaiser munity. Engineers "Mi Ies tone 8 Report") f. The design of the faci I ity including landscaping and N.W. 4th Street between FEC Right other amenities. of-Way and N.W. 2nd Avenue has been g. Whether the use is essen proposed to be c I osed. (Russe I I - tial for the subject Wooster, Architects for State site, neighborhood, Regional Service Center) community, city or county.
N.W. First Court between N.W. First The G-U district has no yard, and Second Streets has been proposed height, or F.A.R. I imitations and to be closed. (Kaiser Engineers wi I I a I Iow the design of the Down "Milestone 8 Report") town Government Center along the principles of P.A.D. (Planned Area Zoning Development).
The site for the Downtown Govern Miscellaneous Design Constraints: ment Center presently contains two It has been proposed that bui I ding zoning districts, C-4 and R-4. The wal Is be control led to fol low street City of Miami intends to rezone I ines adjacent to Flagler Street blocks within the Government Center (we believe this proposed con Site to G-U (Government Use) as straint adversely affects the they become acquired by the City or design of the Government Center County. Developments in the G-U and it's neither necessary nor district require the recommendation beneficial) and the vehicular ac of the Planning Advisory Board and cess from Flagler between N.W. 2nd approval by the City Commission. Avenue and the FEC Right-of-W~y be In approving the establishment of a restricted. (Proposed modification governmental use in this district, to zoning ordinance, City of Miami) the Planning Advisory Board and City Commission shal I take into Arcades and Pedways: A system of account the fo I I owing factors: covered pedestrian arcades and upper level pedways has been pro a. Compatibi I ity with sur posed for the DGC site, providing rounding area and neigh pedestrian connections to Flagler borhood. Street (Wal lace, McHarg, Roberts & b. Conformity or conflict Todd, "Downtown Miami 1973-1985"). with adopted plans or portions thereof. 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS c. The traffic patterns and circulation of the area, Existing Utilities neighborhood and com munity. Water: Existing water I i nes pro d. The effect upon drainage, vide complete capacity for al I I ight and air to adjacent structures anticipated for the properties, property site. Primary water mains along values of the adjacent N.W. 3rd Ave. ( 16" W.M. ), N.W. 2nd area or any other adverse Ave. (30" W.M.) and N.W. 1st Court effect upon adjacent (20" W.M.) provide an adequate properties. perimeter I ine around the Downtown
38 Government Center development site. 1st Ave. Even if extended, this A 36" water main along N.W. 6th source seems inadequate for emer Street interconnects the north gency generators or heating require south primary mains just north of ments. the development site. Water mains in the streets between N.W. Electricity: Florida Power and 6th Street and S.W. 2nd Street Light Co. has stated that elec are smaller mains ranging from trica I service can be provided for 1-1/4" to 6" pipe. The capacity the anticipated development. can be increased by adding a hypo Pre I iminary meetings with FP&L Co. thetical 20" water main along N.W. have indicated that a transmission 1st Street, or W. Flagler Street, I ine should be extended from the between N.W. 3rd Ave., and S.W. downtown faci I ities to a sub 1st Ave. This proposed water station located at the development main would complete two primary site. water main loops underlying the entire development site. The Telephone: N.W. 2nd Avenue and two primary loops would then N.W. 2nd Street contain major increase the capacity of the arteries for Southern Bel I Tele existing water mains by reducing phone Company in the downtown area. hydraulic friction losses within The Southern Be I I Te I ephone Company the pipe I ines at peak demand flows. has indicated that they are com mitted to provide requested tele Water main pressure for the 36" main phone service to any area. along S.W. 2nd Ave. is maintained at 55 psi by a pressure sensor located Drainage: The Government Center at S.W. 2nd Ave. site is presently served by a combination of several positive Sewage: Existing sewers in the out fa I I type systems, most of which area of the site are at or near are more than 50 years old. These capacity at the present time. The systems consist of approximataly street system of sanitary sewers 5,000 I inear feet of various sized consists of 8 11 gravity lateral pipe and box-type sewers. They sewers with slopes much less than were designed to drain the street that required by State Code. rights-of-way in this area, as wel Consequently, these laterals have as several adjacent areas, through capacities much less than could be four major outfal Is to the Miami achieved if they were constructed River - three of which are inter at proper gravity slopes. The 8" connected. Design criteria for the laterals are connected to a 12" and existing street drainage system is 15" gravity sewer in N.W. 2nd Ave. believed to be based upon a 1-1/2 The City of Miami proposes to inch rain with one hour ponding. alleviate the "at-capacity" condition by constructing an 18" gravity Sol id Waste: The existing Dade sewer along N.W. 2nd Ave. County sol id waste faci I ity located at N.W. 58th Street and 77th Avenue Gas: Natural gas is avai Iable in wil I be phased out of service with I imited quantities and pressure the completion of the Sol id Waste from Florida Gas Company. A 4" Resources Recovery Faci I ity planned high-pressure I ine along Miami for 1978- 1979. Avenue could be extended along N.W. 5th Street to N.W. 2nd Ave., invol Air Quality: This aspect of the ving a rai I road crossing at N.W. site is of major concern as planned parking garages in the DGC may be considered a "Complex Air Source"
39 by the State and County Departments of Po I I ut ion Contro I . Si nee Decem ber 15, 1973, the Department of Pollution Control (or another autho rized government agency) requires the review, approval and issuance of a permit for the construction of any Complex Air Source. "Complex Air Source" means any faci I ity, or group of faci I ities, which is a source of air pollution by reason that it causes, directly or indi rectly, significant increases or emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere or which reasonably can be expected to cause an increase in the ambient air concentrations of pollutants, either by itself or in association with mobile sources ... "any multi-level unenclosed parking facility with a design or use of 750 cars or more, or any modifi cation which wi 11 increase a multi level unenclosed faci I ity to a design or use capacity of 750 cars or more."
In the case of the DGC, proposod parking garages may have to conform to Department of Pollution Control criteria which may dictate that parking garages be tota I I y enc Iosed. This may necessitate the design of either:
e Conventional type parking ramps with air induction exhaust systems and central chimneys, or
e Mechanical garages
It should be noted, however, that the close proximity of parking garages to the expressway ramps wi 11 reduce vehicular travel time thereby reducing emissions and po I I utants which wou Id otherwise be released in the downtown area.
40
5.0 5.1 GENERAL The Design Plan for the Downtown Government Center is described in DESIGN this section. The various elements of the Design Plan are addressed in PLAN logical sequence by first des cribing the major design concepts and unifying elements of the plan and then describing the rela tionship of the plan's components to both the overal I plan and to one another. Larger elements affect ing the entire plan are circulation, traffic, and parking. A general description of the proposed circu lation, traffic and parking plan is presented in this section while the more detailed technical information on transportation and parking is presented in the Technical Appendix.
Objectives
The Design Plan presents an orderly physical arrangement of major program components on the DGC site. The fol lowing general objectives were developed to guide the design of the Government Center:
e Create a consolidated Govern-' menta I Seat tor the various pub I ic agencies in one central area.
e Create a unified organization of components so as to ef fectu ate a harmonious and a wel 1- tunctioning plan.
e Create a pub I ic-use environ ment true to the principle of democratic government .
• Create a symbolic pub I ic center in downtown Miami. e Create a Plan that wi I I be a catalyst to enhance the qua I ity of downtown Miami.
e Develop a Plan that is integral with the overal I development plans for downtown Miami.
42 Develop a Plan that encourages pride for al I Dade Countians. The • the use of mass transit and DGC would be an integrated environ modes of transportation other ment of various governmental agencies, than the private automobile. and civic amenities.
Develop a Plan that has The first concept of the plan is to • flexibility and allows for unify the project by closing many modification if the spatial of the existing local streets, requirements change. creating a major auto-free zone. The historic County courthouse and Develop a Plan that provides the proposed I ibrary and art museum, • cost savings by efficiently together, form the cultural center combining common faci I ities for downtown Miami that would serve and functions. as the pedestrian forecourt between the DGC and Flagler Street. A major factor affecting the Design Plan deals with the planned imple The DGC wi I I become a I andmark and mentation of the project. Individ a major determinant of the new ual bui I dings and faci I ities Miami Sky I ine. Driving on 1-95, planned in the Government Center the motorist wi I I get a spectacular wi 11 be constructed, operated and vista of the DGC with the County owned by the various individual tower serving as the focal point. participating governments. The Patrons on the proposed east-west Design Plan is, therefore, con transit I ine wi 11 be provided with ceived so each participating an equally dramatic view of the DGC government or tenant may proceed as the train curves down into the with the implementation of its DGC station. Similarly, north faci I ity without having to wait for south transit patrons wf I I get a construction by any other govern spectacular view of downtown Miami, ment. The Master Plan, however, accentuated by the DGC bui I dings. recommends a continued coordination among a I I governments, in addition The planned Commission Chambers bui Id to the centralization of certain ing in the middle of the DGC park uti I ities. brings government into the open in the spirit of Florida's unique Another essential factor affecting "Government in the Sunshine" law. the Design Plan is the problem of Additionally, the Commission.Chambers growth and the continual demands incorporates an open amphitheater, for increasing physical space which encourages cultural activities needs. The Design Plan has been and political forums during lunch prepared to accommodate space needs hour, in the evenings and on weekends. for DGC tenants unti I the year Surrounding the park is an elevated 2000. The Design Plan also provides People Mover System connecting al I an appropriate staging plan for the the DGC bui I dings. The system individual participants that al lows provides for both an efficient con the Government Center to be gradua I I y nection between bui I dings, and a implemented in an orderly fashion good view into the DGC park. To over a 25-year period. encourage varied urban excitement, open commercial stal Is and street Design Philosophy vendors are encouraged, selling everything from jewelry to popcorn When complete, the DGC wi I I be a and handmade crafts. unique urban complex in downtown Miami, that ge~erates a symbolic Individually, the bui I ding precincts
43 contain internal atrium spaces, by an elevated People Mover which covered v/ i th I i ghh1e i ght, transparent connects these faci I ities with space frames. These atrium spaces one another, with the proposed are essential to the central park transit station and with the DGC concept for they are extensions of parking garages. the DGC park. The new County Library and Art The atrium spaces serve as receiving • Museum are situated between points for visitors, who are directed Flagler Street and N.W. First to the appropriate agency with the Street to form a unified down help of guided instructions and an tmm cu I tura I center, Ii nki ng integrated graphic system. Flagler Street's unique charac teristics with the government Major Design Concepts functions.
The Design Plan for the DGC is the City of Miami Pol ice Headquar product of a snythesis of several • ters and its parking garage alternative concepts that were have been integrated into the generated for the project during plan. Aerial connections from Mi I es tone T1Ho. The Design PI an is the People ~over System connects essentially the elaboration and the Pol ice Bui I ding with the development of Concept Plan B-1, rest of the DG C. which was presented to Dade County officials in October, 1975, and the The designs of the Droposed Preliminary Design Plan v1hich was • Regional Service Center tor presented to Dade County in January, the State of Florida have been 1976. The major concepts of the incorporated in the Master P lan. Desi gn P lan incl ude the follmving: A main grade level co nnection from the west and a ma in second • A I I gove r nment tenants are leve ~ connec tion fr o~ the south located between N.W. rirst and h ve been provided from the F i fth Street s a nd are I inked People Move r Sy stem.
44 Gro und- level pedestri a n conn ec Ce nte r a re proposed to be • t io ns between the Gove rnment c losed to pr ivate veh ic les i n Center and downtown a re empha order to prov ide t he major s ized and certa in connections, pedestrian prec inc t within the namely those f rom Fl ag le r Street, project. Mini-buses and Lu mm us Pa r k, and t he proposed emergency veh i c I es wi I I be Ii nea r park un de r the tran s it a l lowed to pass through the structures , a re re i nforced . Governme nt Ce nter s it e north sout h, but Second Ave nu e a nd A major v is t a i nto the Gover n N. W. First Court wi I I be • me nt Center f r om 1-95 i s pro c losed t o pri vate vehi c le s . v id ed as this route i s con s idered the pri ma r y veh icular Although the ex i s ting Da de e ntrance t o downt own Miami. • County Courthouse is obsolet e and inef f ic ie nt t o r its pr sent Pa r k ing t ac i I it i es a re strate use a s pub I ic oft ice space , • g i ca I ly locat e d i n and a round the bu i Id i ng is somR1t1hat of an the DGC s it e so tra f fi c impact h i st ori c la ndmark and is not on the ex i sti ng downtow n str eet expected o be de o l ished in system wi I I be mi n imi zed . the near f t ure .
A maj o r down t own pa rk is pro The p r eposed 1i ami - Dade Corm. i ss ion • oo sed at grade I eve I i n the • Ch ambers , whe re the ci t izen direct hea rt of t he DGC t o int roduce ly part ic i pates i n h is go vernment, e xtensi ve nat ura I I and scape is s ituated near the center o' the int o an othe r wi se ur an sett i ng . gove r nme nt adm i n i str - ive func ions ; the Comm is s ion Chambers is pr rned Ex is t i ng east- west streets t o be t he g rou nd leve l focal oo i n • bet ween . W. First and Fifth fo r the gove r nment complex . Streets through the Go vernment
45 Plan Description People ~ove r Syste approxi - mate I y 20 fee-'- above x i s ·r i ng Ire pr oposed s ite p I an fo r i h(-= Ll~~C g rade . The Peo p le ove r System is mo s t eas il y described in tw o 1•1 i I I a I so serve as an impo r ta nt pa rts - the gove r nme nt adm ini s tr- sc; cor1dary f unct ion . It 1,1i 1 1 house t ive func ti on s nd cou r ts no r th ot t he Center ' s pr o osed common N. W. First Str eet , and t he lt ura l ut i I i -:- ic?s . comp I ex e r e ted by t he Li bra r y a ncj Ar t useurn e nsemb le sou th o f N. W. Library-Art Museum Fi r st Stree t . Locat ed beh·wer: I ag I e r St reet and Government Functions J . ~ . Fi r s t S t ree t i s Dad e County ' s new M i n Libra r y and proposed use um t or the Vi s ua l Arts. Th i s Th e ba s ic de s iqn concept i n the cu ltural e nsemb le is proposed as a Gov e rnment Center is to group and pede s rian fo r ecourt between Flag ler i nte r connec · a I I Gover nment Center St r eet and the government offi ces tenant s around a ma jor dow ntown to t he no rth . par k. Exist i ng streets t hat pre sen t ly cross th rou h the DG C s ite One a t it s ess ent ia l desi gn func a r e proposeu to bL0 c I c:ic,ed . Dm;n tions i s to gr ad ua ll y ra i se the tovm t hrou. h t r aff ic wi 11 move pedestr ia n leve l from ex i st ing around t h i s pe destr ian pr ec inc t [)y street grade at F lagler St reet to the proposed pe ri me ter s t r e et the proposed 20 foot Peop le ~ove r system . A uni quo drn-rn tO\\ln env i ro11 - I eve I that interco nnec ts wi th a I I ment i s c r eated , provid i ng ~f f i t he governm ent f unc ti ons t o tho c ient c i rcu lation to and be ~ee n nor th . Th is r a i sr; r>dnst r i :i11 l(' VOI Governme nt Cen t e r fu nct ions a nd t he wi 11 a lso 01 10 1.·1 pedcs· r i2rn s --o visua l a nd phys ica l ameniti e s of s afE-.: ly cross over ~L " . Fi r st Str eet, nat ura I I and scape a nd open s pac es. wh ich i s expected t o ca rry re la The proposed government bui l di ngs tively high futur e ~raff ic volumes . are t o be connect ed by a raised
46 5.2 CITY OF MIAMI Administrative Functions
Three major fac i I it i es for the City The new administrative faci I ity for of Miami are planned in the Govern the City of Miami is planned to ment Center. One of these fac i I it i es, house most of the current City the Miami-Dade Commission Chambers, faci I ities at Dinner Key. This nevi is proposed to be jointly owned by fac i Ii ty is p I anned near the center both the City and County. The Com of the Government Center site, west mission Chambers, which is planned of Second Avenue, between Second as the ground level focal point for and Third Streets. Although pro the Government Center, wi I I house jections for the City's current and the City's pub I ic meeting events future space needs are relatively and provide office space for City smal I compared to Dade County, the Commissioners and their staffs. State of Florida and the Federal This faci I ity is described in more Government, the visibi I ity of this deta i I in a fo I IO\'i i ng section of faci I ity and its physical presence this report. The two other major within the Government Center is City of Miami faci I ities are the considered essential. The selected Administrative Center and the site and proposed bui I ding mass Police Headquarters. contain these qua I it i es and achieve these objectives. The The City of Miami currently owns building \viii be visible from 1-95 two blocks in the Government Center. and the remainder of the Government They are situated in the northeast Center. corner of the site, east of Second Avenue and north of Third Street. From inside the bu i Id i ng, emp Ioyees The Modern Miami Pol ice Headquarters and visitors wi 11 have a good view and its employee parking garage are of the Miami River, Lummus Pa rk, presently under construction on the downtown Miami and the remainder of northern City block. the Governme nt Center.
47 The building is planned on the west quarters (on the City owned block end of the east-west axis formed by to the north), the block to the the transit station, the County north is considered to be uniquely precinct, the Commission Chambers situated as a site for a major OGC and the City's administrative build parking garage. Therefore the i ng. A I I of these tac i I it i es w i I I administrative off ices for the City be connected to one another by the of Miami are planned to be bui It on elevated People Mover System. The land that is owned by Dade County; bu i Id i ng wi I I a I so be connected to it is assumed that a land swap the adjacent parking structure, the between the City and County can be Po I ice Headquarters, the federa I easily arranged. precinct and the State Regional Service Center by the People Mover Projected space needs for the System, which connects all of the City's administrative functions are DGC faci I ities. The pedestrian expected to be relatively stable wi 11 enter the bu i Id i ng from the through the year 2000. This people mover level, which is tac i I i ty shou Id therefore be bu i It planned to be twenty feet above in one stage. grade. Service access to the bui I ding Those City administrative functions is planned from N.W. Third Avenue. that require high pub I ic contact It wil I be at grace on the north are planned to occupy the lower side of the building. I eve Is of the bu i Id i ng. The higher levels wi 11 accommodate City func tions requiring less public contact. Although it may be desirable to I ocate this major C dy tac i I i ty adjacent to the City's Pol ice Head-
48 City of Miami Police Headquarters portation and also attain a neces sary physical prominence within the A new City of Miami Pol ice Headquarters site. consisting of 140,000 square feet of offices and administrative space and Dade County faci I ities include the a 395-car, six-story, employee park projected space needs of the Legis ing structure is presently under lative and Administrative functions, construction in the northwest corner and the Dade County Courts through of the DGC site. The bui I ding has the year 2000. In addition, the been designed to expand to the north space needs of certain miscel if required in the future. Service laneous agencies and commercial wi 11 be provided on the west side of needs are included in the County the building, between the Head faci I ities to form the Dade County quarters bui I ding and the parking Precinct. garage. The site for the County Precinct is Forty on-grade visitor parking planned in the area south of the spaces wi I I be provided for this State of Florida Regional Service faci I ity when construction is Center, on the east side of exist completed on the City-owned block ing N.W. Second Avenue. The main immediately south of the pol ice concourse of the oroposed rapid building. The Master Site Plan for transit is immediately southeast of the DGC ca I Is for the e I i mi nation of this precinct. The DGC rapid this on-grade visitor parking lot transit station is planned to and replacement by a major parking handle up to 194,000 daily trips, structure serving the entire DGC. which would make this site the most This block is considered excellently highly accessible in Dade County. situated for this large DGC parking The County faci I ities wou Id be fac i I i ty and the proposed on-grade easily accessible to the Dade visitor parking lot is not con County population. In addition, it sidered to be a good uti I ization of has been proposed that the 1-95 land in the DGC. busway extension and north-south rapid transit station be bui It in The Po Ii ce Headquarters wi I I be con the initial construction stage of nected to the other DGC tenants, the the transit system. A mini-con parking garages and the rapid transit course, therefore, immediately east station by extensions of the People of the Dade County precinct and Mover System, making the faci I ity an under the 1-95 busway extension integral component of the overal I platform would make this area plan. accessible even in the initial stages. 5.3 DADE COUNTY Because of this proximity, the Dade The faci I ities for Dade County are County faci I ities naturally gain a major component of the Downtown a location of physical prominence Government Center. The projections The ground level focal point of the for the County space requirements DGC is planned to be the Miami are the highest of any single DGC Dade Commission Chambers. The tenant. Because of these high chambers bui I ding, containing requirements and also because of both the County's and City's high pub I ic contact requirements Legislative functions, is physical for these faci I ities, it is es ly connected to and is sited sential that the County precinct be between the City of Miami faci Ii easily accessibl~ by mass trans- ties and the Dade County precinct.
49 The elevated People Mov er System Commissioners and t he Chambers are passes through the Dade Co unty inc luded in the Commission Chamb e rs precinct connec ting the main co n bu i Id i ng. course of the r a pid trans it station, the State o f Fl orida Regional Th i s r equirement generates a ne Serv ice Ce nter, the C ity of Miami for 845 , 000 sq . ft. for a co c; t r c Poli ce Headquarters and the parking ti on ph ase end i ng 1980 . Dade fac ility on the western end o f t he Coun t y Ad mi n i si r ati on is pr 0_jec ted DGC site. Additional DGC par k; ng t o have 3,867 em ploye e s a nd qone te faci I ities are proposed off-si t e in up to 4, ·75 visi t ors a da y y n0 the no rtheast cor ner of t he Co unt y year 2000 . prec inct. Th ese tw o parking locations would orov ide the park i g Dade County Courts space no eds fo t ho emn 1o yees and visitors of t h is area. S a e r equ ireme nt s f o r the [) · Je Cou nty Co urts are projected to be J 06 , 000 Dade County Administrative Functions sq. ft. by i he year 2000. These i n lude t h o ffices of the Co unty The space requi r emen s t or ade CI e rk, J udqes' Cha , ber:; , Courtroo 1:; , Count y's Admin i strative f un c tions and J1 ry Room areas . Ph ase One are projected to be I, 167 , 00 sq . con:; t ruct ion i :; pl an ned t o co.moJ~t1 t . by 2000 . These incl ud e t he a bou t 3u5,000 sq. ft. Co untv .anager' s of f ice , Bu i I d i ng nd Zon i ng , F i na nee , CS A, H man D de Co unty Cou r · s are p ro j~ct eu to Resou r ces , f nageme nt and Budget, h ve 4 ~7 p loyees uy the year 2000 . P ia ni , P bl ic ':Jorks, \'1 te an The Co ur t t iv iti s w u ld ~ e neratc Sewe r nd o ff ices o f he Dade more iha n ti rri es - s many ( 11\ '.SO l Co un t y OH ice of Tr ns oo rtai ion Co- v is i o r s comi n in eve r y day . Til e ard i nat ion . he of ices of t he
50 amou nt of t ime s pent by eac h v i s itor • CHAMBER 0 · COi -1MERCE . Tlie Gre ter a nd the f r e ue ncy of vi sits d ic t a te ~ i a i C ,-mb r o f Commerc e, a t ha1 the ~ o nt y C ur ts s o ul d be p iva t8 agenc y, i s pro,je ::: ted accommodated in low bu i I di ngs , wh ich to need a out 9 , 000 s . f t. by le nd themse lves o r e effi c ient ly t o 2000 . hi gh - pub I ic contac t. UNITED 1, AY OF DAD E COUrJ TY . Thi e, Miscellaneous Agencies • non-prot it o rga n i za ti o n i s pr o j ec ted t o nee d I 00, 000 sq. f . i n Ce r ta in other qua s i pub I i c a ge nci es t he year 2000 tor 400 emp loyees have been ide nt ifi ed a s su it b le for a nd 148 daily v isitors. r elocation to the Do wn ow n Go vernme nt Center . Th ese inc lude t hr ee agenc ies Commercial Facilities that t oget he r gene r a ie a spac e need fo r 125 , 000 sq . f t . by t he yea r 2000 . The large nu mbe r o+ em p loyee s and These fac i I iti e s a re p la nn e in t he v isitors in t e GC a r e a wi 1 I t al I bui I d ings since t hey are gene r ate a ne ed or ce rta in re " a i I , expec t ed to gene rate o n ly 373 visitors se r-vice an d ·esta ur an t faci I it ies a day for a tot a I s t a ft of ')23 wi~hin a s hort wa lki ng di stan ce emp loyees . These agenc ies inc lude the of the off ices . Mo st o f these fo I I owing: wou ld be located between the ansit concourse s and The oft ice "Ju i id ir,qs . • HEATH LA J ING CO UNC IL OF SOUTH The Co unty p ec inc· w i I I h- e a rna jor FLOR I DA. Th i s p! a n. i ng ci rga n i po rti o n f t ese f ac i I it ie s . T h ~ s e zati on f un de d by t he Co. Jn t y , fac i I it ies i nclude ~ 5 , 00 0 sq . ft. o t State and the Fed: ral 3o vern r :::sta r a nt f c i I ities , 20 , 000 sq .ft. me nts is project ed to need of 1 ui I ding B is a ve rtical tov1er wi t h Bu i I ding S i s the g r ou d f loo r· 2 4 floors, t ho first fl oor starts at level under ihe p l a1 de veloprne ni 11 a '1 () i ght o f 45 '-0 • Each floor is in t he D de C' ount y Pree i net . l iie 125'xl 2 5'. Thi s bu i I ding wi 1 1 t wo equi va l e nt mo du l e s are for ultimately house Co u nty adr.1i·,istra Da de Coun t y Adm i n i s trati ve fu nc t i on s . ti ve func ti o ns o n 22 modules an t. o s t o f thi s area 1·1 o uld be used f or mi se e I I aneo u s agencies o n t he se r v i c e mo veme nt nd o ther related remaining 2. This bu i I d i ng w i I I fu nc ti ons. be con necte d a r i a l l y 1'1ith a b r i dge to To "e r A at a heigh t o f 232 '-6" . Bu i I d i ng B c o n a i ns mo s I· I y I ow pub I i c cont c t a r e a s and i s p ropose d t o be bu i I t in Phase I I . Bu il di n.r ·.: i •, cJ V<)i ""l i c d l towe r with 16 f l oor s , the fi r s t fl oor s t a r s a t a height of 4 5 '-0 ". Each + l oo i s I 2 5 ' x I 2 5 ' . Th i s b u i I d i n 1-1 i I I ti I I i he Cou n ty Cou r t s ' space ne ds in t he e qui va l nt o f 16 mod ! e s . Bu i I di ng C wi 11 c o nta in -- he l ower pub I i c ~o n ta c t nee s o f t e Count y Co u r t s . Bu i ! ding C i s propoJeu t o Le bu i lt entire l y in Ph se I . 52 The design of the Dade County Pre convenient pedestrian connection to cinct is based on the concept the legislati ve faci I ity . The Miami of an internal urban atrium space. Dad e Commission Chambers sited The main level plaza is designed between the City of Miami and Dade as an extension of the People County tower creates a powerful Mo ver System spine which is at a relationship for this ensemble. leve l of 20 feet. The plaza opens to the east to accommodate pedes The main plaza level is entered trians walking from the transit from the south by pedestrians system through the ground level coming from the rapid transit m1n1-concourse. Certain commercial system, and from the north through faci I ities are located at the ground the State complex. Peo ple going to level to serve the employees and the State Regional Center would visitors as they go about their pass through this atrium and arrive business. County Court faci I ities at the second level ~ain entrance are accessible to the north and to of the State bu i Id i ngs. A I I bu i Id the south through the ground leve l ings in the County Precinct are plaza. The pedestrians are gradual accessible from the main rlu 1. a ly raised to the main plaza level. level which wi I I be attractively The plaza on the east side opens to landscaped. It should be oo s sible, the DGC park with the main Dade in the future, to cover the entire County Administrati ve tower located atrium with a s pace frame roo f at this end. covered with tra nsparent mate rial to provide a use f u I, a I I -weather The main administrative tower environment in the County preci nc t. connects physically with the IVliami Dade Commission Cham bers t o prov id e Te Cou nt y pr ; i nct ope ns out towards dow t own Miami on t he east 53 side . An urban form has been recommend ed by u i I i z i ng fu t re a i r - r i g hts deve lopment over he transit l ine i n t hat a ea . The hor izo - 1 e lement s in the Coun · y prec i c n he air - r ights deve lopme t ove the t ns i t are i ntegrated i ni o , n inf r a - str uctur e of or i zo t 1 co.courses . Aron tin ous conco rse is p opo se t t he 70 '-0" l e vel wh ich func tionall y c on nects I I t e ui I d i ngs i n he are wi th t he p id t r nsit s tion . lo urt e r- strengt e n ft ncl i ona l elaTions i ps cert in e ial connec tlo ,s are proposed . A j - Je ve l aer i a l connection un ifi s th . t~o -1 lest b i ldin s i n t1e Lo t y 1· eci11c . Th i s 2:1er i I connect i on wou I c reate a sky I O'.ll} y fo r ·hose bu i Id i n s a th t I eve I • !n order o segregaTe se rvi ce mo ve - 1ne t f rom pe estrian moveme t , al I service r eo i r ements int e D e Co nty precinct a re p oposed o be ha n led at ground l eve l . T he ser v ice I ane e nt ry is from I . \ . F i f h S t r eet i mme d i at ely east of t he s·ate Regiona l Serv ice Cent er . Th is l ane ext nd s i nto a se v i e y ard between ·he Co nty pr-ec i net and t he State bu i I dings which al s o houses the DGC centr I ut i I ity plant . 20 '-wi e 16 ' hi h - s p i ne nns nJer he Co nty p I az conn ect i , ' w i h tie verti cal c irc ulati on i n e ac h bui l din Te commerci a l fa c ilit i es i n th-• p r ec i nct are a l so served f r om the s me sp i e . A I I u · i I i t i es in -t h u i I i t y sp ine , al o ng vi i h ex i s ti ng ut i Ii-t i es under 1 . I . Fi r s-!- Court wi 1 1 be access i b l e from this serv i ce s pine. 54 5.4 MIAMI-DADE COMMISSION CHAMBERS ground- I eve I foca I point in the Downtown Government Center Desion Both the City and County governments Plan. If designed 1vell, a uniq~e presently have Commission Chambers. public center v10uld be created Ind iv i dua I I y, these chambers a re in downtown Miami, convenient often too sma I I and inadequate for to the pub I ic as wel I as City large pub I ic hearings or meetings. and County employees. Both of these chambers require press coverage and are centers for the dissemination of information to Becaus,e the proposed Cornmic;sion the pub I ic. Both chambers are also Chambers wi 11 be primari I y the places where the private citizen uti Ii zed by both 1-he City and or tax payer directly participates County, it is planned to be" in his government. located in the middle of the park, between the City of Miami's It is our recommendation that a AdminisTrative Offices to the Central Commission Chambers and Com west, and Dade County's Administra munication Center be bui It in the tive Offices to the east. It is Downtown Government Center, with proposed that the Commission Cham joint ownership by the City and the bers be made avd i Iab I e to other County governments. With a Central pub I ic agencies, boards and com Chambers Ha I I as its major component, missions, such as the School this faci I ity could be designed with Boa rd , for p u b I i c rne e I i n g s and flexible dividing partitions that forums. I ts centra I I occ:it ion is would permit independent commission eas i I y 1eached from a I I parts of meetings for both the City and the City and County. County Governments. The Hal I cou ~ d also open to permit joint Tr1e tac i I i ty occupies t he mos t commission meetings and larger prominent site in t ne Downtow n pub I ic hear[ ngs. The advantages of a sing 11 e I a rge Ha I I a 1e enor mous. Communications faci I ities can also be provided in the build- i n g , wh i ch may i n c I u de pub I i c i n - formation areas, press interview rooms, radio and T.V. broadcasting tac i I it i es, a videotape I i brary, etc. This combined faci I ity may also cost less than separate faci I ities bui It by both the City and County, for common faci I ities and functions would be combined in the proposed structure. This recommendation is consistent with the general objectives of the Government Center which inc ~ ude the development of a plan that p1ovides cost savings oy efficiently combining commo n faci I ities and functio ns. The proposed Miami-Dad e Commi s sion Chambers is planned as the 55 Government Center and wi I I contain a public. First s tage construction i s large pub I ic chamber with sloping expected to begin during early 19 76 f Ioor and fixed seats. It wi I I be f or~ t he south\vest bu i Id i ng. Th e uniquel y designed to accommodate r c· 11 ~ inin g throo b uil 5.5 STATE OF FLORIDA A Reg i. ona I Servi C r:. r .un i·er tor the State of Florida ha s a l ready been de s igne d or -the nori heas 1- corner o f t he DGC s i i e . Th i s f a c i I i I y con - s i s ts ot fo ur ten- story Stat e ofti co lJu i Id in s i nterconnecied by t hree I eve Is of t erraces tha1 I ink hi gh p b I i c access State a ge ne : cs . The ':>even upper I eve Is of each ti i Id i ng wi 11 hou se those ar nc ies rha t r equ ire less d ~y -to-d ay coniac · wi th "he 56 parking for this fa ci 1I ity i s pro vide d for in the DGC De s ign in two locations - the proposed ga rage sou th of t he new Pol ice Hea dqu arters , and the proposed off-site garage betwee n N.W. Fourth and Fi fth Str eet s . Pa rking requireme nts for t he Reg ional Service Center ha ve been esti mated by consulta nts for the State of Flo r ida at 7:10 spaces i n Stage I, 1350 spaces in S t a ~ e I ! , 1900 space s in Stage I I I and 2075 spaces in Stage IV. Stag i ng plans for the DGC park i ng garages wi I I be provide d in t h is r epo r t and wi I I com p ly with projec t ed pa r k i ng deman ds for the entire DGC. 5.6 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT The Federal Government Precinct is planned in the southwest portion o f the DGC site between N.W. First Street and the proposed east-west transit structure. Projected general purpose space needs for the at rium e nclosure is created, wh ic h Federal Government indicate a is oriented t o the greenery of the growing need for a bout 700,000 DGC park. Th e vert ica l t over he l ps square feet of office space in the enclose the federal atrium and also DGC by the year 2000, v1h i ch vii I I not provides a visual focal point for be housed in federal l1y-ovmed bui Id the complex. ings. The Federal Governme nt is projected to need about 350,000 Genera I I y, the I ov1er hor i 1ont a I e I e square feet of general purpose ment is planned to hou se the hi gh office space in 1980, and about pub I ic acces s federal agencies; 525,000 squ are f eet of space in the ta l' ler s t ructure is planned to 1990. Because of the continuing house the low pub I ic access and high expansion demands of federal, general security agencies . With the Federal service space needs, the federal precinct located in the southwest faci I ity is planned to be bui It in corner of the proposed People Mov e r several stages. System, visitors and employees wi I I enter the fac i I ity from the Peop I e The Design Plan provides staged con Mover level, which 1vi 11 be raised struction In two major increments. The above the park level and \'Ii 11 pass federal precinct is best described by through the interior atrium of the its four bas ic components, a vertical federal plaza level. This may be tower, a horizontal structure, a cov enclosed by glass on the north side. ered service and storage level and an Service veh i c I es ,,, i I I have secure in t ernal atrium. access to the federal precinct from N.W. Third Avenue and can The I ov1 bu i Id i ng, containing about eas i I y maneuver under the raised ha If of the federa I space needs, is plaza. Storage is also p lanned on designed to enclose the southwest this Ieve I . corner of the DGC site; an i nternal 57 5.7 DADE COUNTY LIBRARY zone, int o the rai sed Library en try fo recourt, and ultima tel y over N . ~ . The s ite sel ect ed tor Dade Co unt y ' s First Str eet i nto t he Gove r nme nt new Ma in Li br a ry i s at the southern Cen ter. On a mi c ro- sca le, the end o f the Government Center, between Museum with its rai sed piaza serves Flag ler Street and N.W. First Av enue . as an entry f orecourt to t he Libra ry Thi s locati on affor ds hi gh access i at the uppe r p laza leve l. b i I ity and v i s i b i I ity to both dmm t own Miami and a l I of Dade Co unty The new Library is conceived as a wh i I e meeting accepted I ocat i ona I e r i - s quare pl an , about e ight stori es t er ia for ma jor urban Li braries. Th e high and i s s ited on a 45 degree new Li brary is plann ed t o cons ist of ang le tor two maj or r easons ; f irst , abou t 20 0 , 000 squa re f e et a nd i s thi s o ri entat io n accentuates the expected t o att r act more than 2, 000 des ira b le d iagonal connecti on be tween aaily v isitors . eastern Flagler St reet an d the proposed Government Cen ter off ices; The Li brary site is conce ived as ha l f and second , the or i e ntation a l lows of a Li brary- Ar t Museum e nsemb le room for f uture expans ion in a ny one forming a pedes t r i an gateway between of tour d irecti ons . the rem a inder of the DGC an d F lagl er Street . The Li bra ry i s des igned t o The mas sing of the Library contrasts encourage di agona l ped estri an flow sha rpl y wi th the 4 seum to e s t abl i sh f rom Fl ag le r Stree t into t he mu seum an acti ve- pass ive r e lati onsh ip be t ween t he two plaza fu nc ti ons ; the Ar Mus e um i s planned a s active e ntry experience, whi le t he Lib r ary is conce ived a s a more pa ss ive de st i na· ion . The new Li bra y i s p la nn e d to ha ve t ~o major p b l ic entr ances . One entrance i s located o n the southeast faca e a nd i s access i b le from str eet gr ade at Fla ler Str eet. A seco d e ntr ance i s located at t he upper p laza leve l on t e no r h s faca de of the buil d i ng . Th i s en r anee i s p lanned to be ut i I i Led by ped stria ns walkin from the north , from the pro pose trans it st t ions an d from the proposed ad jacent pa rki ng ga r age io the west. The r lag le r Stree t entrance wi I I e t he i n itia l major pub l ic e n.tr nee , i t t he new Li brary i s construct ed pr io r to t he a jacenr Art iVlu s Ee um. Serv ice fo r the ne w Li rary a n Art use m i s p lanned t s t r ee· grad under the ra i sed Ar t useum laza . Ser- vice ve h icl es wi 11 e nter a d exit from r . \·'I . F i r s t S reet. 58 5.8 MUSEUM FOR THE VISUAL ARTS tenants are located along walking routes to major department stores, Another of the ur1ique faci I ities which draw the most people. proposed in the Downtown Government Center is the Dade County Art Museum, ihe vi sua l and sp ~ t ial de sign of the a major cultural faci I ity for th,) Art Museum bu i Id i ngs emp hasize a visual arts. Although this faci l ity horizontal terracing effect in order would be an asset in any one of to maximize pedestrian sky exposure numerous locations in the County, it a nd view. Access to the control led is particularly beneficial to the vi urban space connecting Flagler ta I ity of downtovrn Miami. It shou Id Street and the government bui I dings he ~ p make downtown Miami and the Gov originates at the southwest Court ernment Center more of a truly urban house corner on F lagler Street. rhe exp e r i enc e , vi i t h c u 11 t u r a I f a c i I it i e s axis shifts diagonally northward at and events that wou ~ d otherwise not approximately 45 degrees t hrough the be avai I able, rather than just a 9 use of a gradua I ramp, s Iopes up, to 5 office environment. In 1973, and terminates at the raised plaza the voters of Dade County approved level. The arriving pedestriar1 is a major bond issue making this fac 1 1- presented with a vista of the Govcrn ity possible. men r Center bu i Id i ngs to tr1e north, access to t he Library and entry into An opportunity exists to design the the Art useum. Art Museum in close coordination with the Dade County Li brary to create a unified cultural complex with common courts, service areas, security and pub I ic entrances . Th is concept w i I I e ncourage greater use of both tac i I it i es by more peop I e . With this concept i n mind, Da de County's new Art Museum is planne d to be located on the south end of the Government Center adjacent to and east of the new Main Library, between Flagler Street and N.W. First Avenue. It is the second ha lf of the Library/Museum ensemble. Although the Art Museum is expected to attract visitors from al I parts of Dade County, it is not expected to attract as many visitors as the Government Center offices or even the Library. Therefore, to permit maximum enjoyment of the Museum's outdoor sculpture courts, the faci I ity is planned as a "non- bu i Id i ng" that permits peop I e to walk through it and over it to get to other destinations such as the various Government Center offices and the Library. The concept is similar to the design of Mal I shopping centers, where sma I I er 59 The Art Museum is planned to have within convenient walking distance. its main pub I ic entrance on the raised plaza level. The main The pre I iminary Master Site Plan central Museum space is planned as a accommodates 80,000 square feet of large urban plaza containing land such commercial faci I ities. The scaping, fountains, public benches, commercial faci I ities should be and appropriate outdoor sculptures. provided as fol lows: This plaza should not need to be closed down at night for security. Restaurant Facilities: Additionally, the Art Museum is expected to have several sculpture 45,000 square feet of space should gardens that would contain permanent be provided for eating and drinking or changing displays of outdoor establishments within the bounds of scu I ptu re. These gardens wi I I be an the DGC. These places should integral part of the museum itself incorporate a large number of their and wi I I require security. Museum total 3500 seats in the form of visitors wi 11 arrive from Flagler outdoor cafes and table service, Street on foot, from the proposed with some of them providing inci rapid transit concourse between the denta I musical entertainment as Museum and the Courthouse, and from wel I. the new parking structure, west of the Library. These faci I ities are extremely important to gen8:--ate an a I I -day Service requirements for the Art environment (rather than just a Museum wi I I be accommodated by a 9 to 5 office environment). The street level service court that restaurant faci I ities should would also be uti I ized by the new generally be in the high pub I ic Main Library. The proposed service contact plaza areas where other court is situated between the commercial faci I ities are pro Library and the Museum and is posed. These include commercial entered and exited from N.W. First areas in the City and County Street. Stage One construction, precincts and in the plaza areas consisting of about 45,000 square close to the Rapid Transit Station. feet, is planned to include: gal Some restaurant faci I ities should lery and exhibit areas, pub I ic non be in the penthouse areas of the display area, member areas, adminis high-rise structures to provide tration service and maintenance, and the patrons an aerial view of receiving, preparation and storage downtown Miami . areas. Ultimately, the proposed Art Museum is expected to more than Service and Retail Facilities: double in size to 100,000 square feet. Criteria prepared by the National Retai I Merchants Association suggests a need for about 20,000 square feet 5.9 COMMERCIAL of new general merchandising space The DGC with its projected employee in the DGC. In addition, about popu I at ion of more than I I, 000 15,000 square feet would be required would attract more than 21,000 for various service establishments. daily visitors to the governmental functions. This large number of Generally, the kinds of service and people, coupled with tourists and retai I establishments that should be other pass-through pedestrians, created in DGC are the ones that are requires certain necessary retai I, a I I owed in the proposed C-3C Zoning service and restaurant faci I ities Districr of the City of Miami. These include the following: 60 Bakery goods, Beauty parlors, Candy e To provide for safety of all or Ice Cream, Tobacco, Clothing, the employees and visitors to, Drug, Florists, Gifts, Jewelry, from, or through the Govern Newstands - open or enclosed and rT,ent '.;ente r. bookstores, Optical, Liquor, Photo graphic, Shoe, Sporting Goods, and e To estab Ii sh traffic pa tte rns such other service establishments that wi 11 al low convenient, as postal services, tourist infor rapid pedestrian and vehicular mation, walk-up banking, etc. movement. These faci I ities are best located e To provide easy access to, and in the pedestrian movement arteries. egress from the parking faci Ii The planned locations are in the ties. County precinct, in the plaza areas near the Rapid Transit Station, at e To make every major fac i I i ty the city administrative office in the DGC area closely acces bui I ding and near the major parking sible from the movement systems. f ac i I i ty. e To provide as far as possible Design of al I the commercial faci Ii for the uninterrupted movement ties should be well coordinated of service vehicles. with the implementation of the Design Plan. Servicing of these e To promote the use of mass faci I ities is of critical impor transit systems and modes of tance. It is planned that service transportation other than the movement for these areas would not private automobile. interfere with pedestrian movement. Generally, service access would be Traffic from the service yard i n the County precinct at the grade level. A traffic distribution system has been designed that maintains rela 5.10 TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING tively stable traffic flows around the site while minimizing conges The DGC has been designed to accom tion and vehicle conflicts. Several p I ish the fol lowing transportation different traffic and parking plans objectives: were tested before arriving at the proposed plan. Traffic has been assigned accord i ng to direc tiona I distribuiion, the planned locations of the various employee an d visitor ori g ins and desti nations, and the planned locations fo r ma j o r pa r k i n g g a r a g es . ( Pro - jected traffic flows for 1985 AM and PM peak hours are shown on the fo I I owing pages). A modified one way loop system is proposed around mo st of the DG C site, creati ng a large auto-free zone. The modified one-way l1oop system uti I izes i\J.VI. Fifth Street (ea stbound), N.W. First Avenue (two lanes southbound and one lane northbound), N.W. First Street (westbound), the planned exte nsion of N.W. Third Aven ue (northbound), 61 and ex ist i N. W. Th i r Ave nue ( northbo nd ) . Al rho ~h i ts a li ~r 1 - en is od i f i , N. b . Sec on Av e nue wi I I be o en , b t on ly to bus and eme rgency ve hi c les ; priva i c veh ic le s wi 1 1 no be pe r mi1 "" to c ross t he s ite nor lh of ~ . j . Fi r st St reet . Each of t he clock is o n e - ~ a y str ets that s rroun d lhe no r t her n l part of t e s it e are pa i red wit . oppos it e one - way streets t ha c ~r v ... t ra f f ic i n a counter- c !ock» ise ···•···· .... J i r-ect ion . .: ···.. The s i te p la n for t he DGL assumes .. that Fl g le r Si-reet wi 1 1 even ual iv :. ~ ~ ...... ecorne a ede st r ian a ll 1·1 iih, i n i bu ses . In o r de r t o provi de fo the s t ety of drnv n m m ed stri ;:i ns , PROJECTED TiRAFFIC VOLUMES ...... AM PEAK HOUR 1985 111·•- 1' gr ade separate ped est 1 co n nect ion s are provi de ove r ma jor fro f ie ar t e r i_s suc h as N. W. Fi r st Slreet . Add i io a l r a · sed P Ps- r i- n conne ct ions a r roposed to conn ect i·o off - s i e dev lop me1 1l s . The se a r e ov 0 r I ~ . It . T i d .v enue (to L •m us P rk ) an d ove r N . ~ . Fif t h Street (from St le Reg iona ! Ser v ice Ce nte r ) . Buses f ~ i le s t one ~ p ot 0 1° scr i bcc he seven min i- bus rou tes t hat - ve . bee n pr oposed by t he Ka iser - n ~ i . nee r s io serve down t wn Miami . . Sev r a l are propose o pa ss hrough . t e DGC to serve it s eecs an he .. nee s of he proposed r a id .. ns it ······ ······. s ystem . Fo ur of the seven r ou us we r e ! ...: p lanned to pass thrnugh t he [)\C ...... :· ...... l :::::::::::-:: f r om sout h o no r t h . Th r o s pro posed by tne Ka i ser En_ inee r s were VI E:~;tbound Ort i\ . . F i r s t ',trcei to Second Avenue no r thboun o Soco n S l reet ea s ~ boun d t o N. W. PROJECTED TRAFFIC VOLUMES •••••••• r· i r st Cour nori"hbou d . f\ ,us s lo i.; P.M PEAK HOUR 1985 111•- 1·1as p I an 11ed f or · he tr s i sys· , 62 station on Second Street and First When feasible, the system can have Court. moving sidewalks and be covered for protection of the pedestrians from This proposed mini-bus route has inclement weather. been modified by the DGC Master Site Plan. The new mini-bus route Service is westbound on First Street, then northbound to a bus stop under the Service access for each tenant is proposed east-west transit station described in the various individual then west to Second Avenue, then sections of the Plan. Generally, north to Fifth Street. Most of the service access is provided for each route through the DGC is planned to precinct from the planned periphery pass through the DGC park on a one-way street system, freeing the narrow roadway that is one lane remainder of the DGC from trucks wide except for drop-off areas. and service vehicles. This route wi I I also provide an Bicycles ideal internal distributor for the proposed mini-bus system. This The bicycle is an inexpensive, system should also be used to dis efficient mode of transportation tribute persons arriving at one of that has been vastly increasing in the proposed parking locations or popularity. Dade County has been the rapid transit station through increasing its bicycle path system out the center. In addition, mini since the pub I ic approved the bus service should be extended Decade of Progress bond issue in throughout the downtown area to 1972. enhance the accessibi I ity of the site. There are current plans for In order to achieve the objective this type of system to enhance the of providing good alternative modes accessibi I ity of the rapid transit of transportation to downtown, system. Any service of this type other than the private automobile, has to be carefu I I y coordinated a bikeway system is planned to with the design of the proposed serve the DGC by passing along the transit system. underside of the proposed north south rapid transit structures. On People Mover System the south, the bikeway system would connect to the River walk; on ~he One of the essential unifying ele north, the intended bikeway is ments in the DGC is the planned planned to connect to the proposed People Mover System. The purpose new community at about Ninth Street, of the People Mover is to effi in the northeast sector of Miami's ciently and safely move pedestrians downtown and swing east to Bicenten within the DGC. The system directly nia I Park on Biscayne Bay. connects with al I of the planned faci I ities in the project includ Proposed Rapid Transit System ing the major parking garages and the proposed rapid transit station. An extensive rapid transit system Pedestrians wl I I be able to effi has been recently planned for Dade ciently move about on the system County. A major interface between when enjoying the natura I I and scape the proposed north-south I i ne and of the DGC park. east-west I ine has been proposed on the DGC site. An analysis of this The People Mover System may ini system and the proposed DGC station tially be nothing more than an and its impact upon the DGC site elevated sideway. has been presented in Milestone Report One. 63 The DGC Master Site Plan contains parking faci I ities. the fol lowing recommendations for modification of the proposed DGC Three major new parking garages are transit station: planned in the DGC. Two are located within the DGC site while the third Minor alignment change in the is off-site. The fol lowing criteria • east-west transit I ine to was used to determine their loca provide a safer pedestrian tions: interface at N.W. First Street and First Avenue. e Parking garages should be located conveniently to the Uti I ization of air-rights over arterial system so traffic • the north-south rapid transit impact on the existing local station for commercial/office downtown streets wi I I be faci I ities that would comple minimized. ment the planned Dade County f ac i I it i es. e Parking garages in the DGC should be designed so construc A new mini-concourse is tion can be easily staged . • planned under the proposed 1- 95 busway, to better distri e Parking garages should be con bute transit patrons to the veniently lo~ated to provide northern end of the DGC. good access to DGC pedestrian locations. e An additional mini-concourse is planned at the southern end The description of the DGC park of the north-south station • ing garages fol low: platform. It would better serve the planned cultural center at Existing Garage - Located next the southern end of the DGC and • to the new Pol ice Headquarters Flagler Street by uti I izing the at the corner of Fifth Street platform to provide an elevated and Third Avenue; this faci I ity street crossing over N.W. is presently under construc First Street. tion. It is assumed that this faci I ity ~ould serve only the Parking employees of the Pol ice Head quarters. I ts design capacity Provision for car storage is essen is 395 vehicles. tial to al I Government Center tenants while at the same time it Garage A - Located on Third is a major consumer of space. • Avenue, between Third and Every DGC function needs a certain Fourth Streets; this faci I ity amount of parking spaces. Though wi I I genera I I y serve emp I oyees it is ideal that parking provisions from the Federal precinct, for every bui I ding be integral with City and County Courts and the the building itself, consideration visitors for Federal, City and has to be given to easy access and County faci I ities. Its ulti egress to and from the major vehi mate capacity is planned for cular routes, and also to the 2000 vehicles. advantages and efficiencies of shared faci I ities. Based upon Because this site has excel these and other considerations, it lent access to and from the is proposed that a single authority 1-95 entrance and exit ramps representing a I I the major users and is closely situated to many bui Id, operate and maintain the DGC of the major DGC destin~tions, 64 t 11i s 00 r aje 1~i 1 1 be t e r ost Ga rage B - l ocated between des i r ed pa r k ing est i nat ion i n • Fi r st and Fl ag le r Streets just the DGC . est of Second Avenue ; · h i s fac i I it y vi i 11 serve the pa ki ng In planni ng t h is f ac i I i t y, needs of the l i br ary and Art caref ul consi derat ion was use It s p lanned capaci y given to its ma ss so a majo r is 600 veh ic les . vist a f r om 1- 95 i nto t he DGC is pr eserved. Because th is tac i ! i t y is designed for les s t a n 750 Because cur rent State environ ca r s , it may no t have t o be menta I I aws ma y require t ha t enclosed a nd rie c h- nical ly t his fac i I ity be t ot ally ve nt i I ated . Therefore , t his e nclosed a nd me c ha n icall y faci I ity is planneu as a ven t ilat ed Csee i lestone convent i ona I na tu r a I I y vent i - Report One) con s ideration lat ed garage . shou ld be given to designing this fac ility as a mechanical Ga rage C - Located be tween ga rage . Mechan ica l vent i l- • Fi fth a nd Fou r t h Streets imme at ion may no t t hen be requ ired , diate ly east of t he OGC si te ; and this may prove to be the this faci I ity wi 11 serve mos t feas ible des ign. County a nd State em ployees as wel I as State and some Co un t y Addit iona ll y, a mecha ni cal visitors. Th is fac i I ity is garage wi 11 res u It i n a some no t within the Government wha t sma I I er structur-e than a Ce nt er s ite but is located on convent i ona I garage, I eav i ng an existing at-grade parking more open space in the DGC. f aci I ity , Mun icipal Pa rking Lot Number 10, owned by the The Master Si t e P lan has , City of Miami. Its p lan ned therefore, been des igned to u lti mate capaci t y is 3000 accommodate both a mechani ca l cars . If park in g demand drops and convent iona l garage in for the DGC , a s project ed, t his locati on . The mechanical (assumi ng the proposed t rans it garage i s , howeve r, pre ferred . system is implemented) this 65 tac i Ii ty cou Id house some These ope n s paces '-'1 i I I prov ide c:: employee and v i s itor pa r k i ng des irab le cont r ast wi t the p lannet demand t or ne w private deve lop i ntense deve lopmen t and man - ace ments that an; I i ke I y t o be e nv ironment surroun d in g hem. bui It immed iatel y t o t he sourh. The ~as t e r S ite Plan of the DGC e s tab Ii sh es a h i erar·chy o f urbcn The oft - s it e ~1a ra gc 1v i 11 hel p open spaces . Fi r st i n the h ier d i stribute major pa r k ing con a r chy is the proposa I o f a I a r l;e centr ation s a r ou nd the OGC so park in the center of t he comolex . a I I a r ea 66 between Lummus Park to the west and plazas, landscaped terraces and the assumed FI ag Ier Street ma I I in feature areas. the southeast corner. This park connects with the proposed I inear The landscape plan for thG open park under the Rapid Transit Line. spaces in the DGC has been designed These connections help create a to meet the landscaping criteria pedestrian infra-structure in the developed in the Appendix, Section downtown area I inking such features I I. Existing site vegetation is as the Miami River Walk, Bayfront relatively sparse with a few signi Park and Miami-Dade Community ficant oak trees scattered through College. out the site. Implementation of DGC master plan encourages preservation It is proposed that the Miami-Dade of these trees when possible. When Commission Chambers be the main not possible, they should be trans ground level focus of the central planted to the large planned park park. Besides generating consid space within the site. erable pub I ic activity, the bui I ding could become a sculptural Addi ti ona I I y, severa I feature a re as feature in the park. The park can to accommodate special uses and be used for such additional activ activities have been planned in the ities as art shows, international DGC. fairs and festivals, music shows, bike races, soap box for political 5.12 UTILITIES candidates, etc. The park should be informally designed with natural, An inventory of existing uti I ities trop i ca I I andscape. and pre I iminary proposals for future uti I ities needs were presented The internal open spaces in the in Milestone Report One. Milestone individual government precincts are Two presents the recommended methods smal !er urban spaces formed mainly for hand I ing future uti I ities in at plaza levels. These spaces the DGC. Careful consideration has create a central precinct space, been given to minimize I ifetime providing access to various func costs and conserve energy resources. tions. These spaces may be covered In some instances recommendations by a high space-frame type roof are made to centralize uti I ities, structure with plastic coverings to and a central plant is proposed in create an al I-weather environment. the Master Site Plan. The advan tages and disadvantages of uti I ity These internal spaces open onto centralization are presented the large park forming a minor within the ind iv id ua I ut i I i ty. major relationship. Open spaces should be wel I landscaped and· Utility Spine also accommodate certain amounts of commercial activity. The concept of the elevated People Mover as a connecting spine that The transitional open spaces are I inks al I bui I dings together, used to create an urban space close readily lends itself as the basis to a building. In the Library and for a common uti I ity corridor. Museum area these open spaces wi I I Although the primary function of be a~ extension of the Flagler the spine is to efficiently move Street syndrome in the southeast people from one destination to corner and the major park towards another, it is proposed that the the north. Landscaping in these lower portion of this structure be areas wi I I be a.composite of urban reserved for certain uti I ities. 67 This raised uti I ity spine has three proposed. Th is structure houses major advantages. It e I i mi nates the proposed central air condi the need t o disturb existing und er ti oning plant, centra l dom esti c hot ground uti I iti es ; new uti I ities can \\later system , centra I fire Ioo p be r emoved from the delete rious pumps, and central emergency power und e rground environment; and access generati on . It is I ocated near the for maintenance is more conve n FEC ri gh t-o f-way, between the ientl y provided. Co unty a nd State bui !dings . Fa c i Ii ties planned within t he central Bui Id i ngs that need to be bu i It plant can be staged as demand before the construction of the dictates. spine can be directly connected to the existing s ub-s urface system; The location for thi s plant is near however, these early bui I di ngs t he centroid of planned off ice should be planned in a manner that s pace in the OGC. Its site allows can readily accept future uti I ity conveni ent truck service without connections from the uti I ity spi ne. an adverse v i sua I imp act up on the A I I fac i I it i es that w i I I be com- JGC Plan. p I eted after or conc urrent with the ut i Ii ty spine must be connected to Water the uti I ity spine . Inte l I igent construction s t ag ing shoul d mini Based upon projections f o r off ice mize the need for connections t o space and populat;on for the year ox is ting sub-surface sy s t ems . 2000, the OGC 'll i 11 deman d approx i ria tely 478,000 gall on s of dome s tic Central Plant water per day , with a n average f low rate of 990 gpm dur ing an 8-hour A ce ntral plant for the hou s ing of work day , and a pea k dema nd of certain centra l uti I ity systems is 2, 500 gp m. Ex i s i nc wa ter ma i ns ca n provide comp I et e capacity fo r domesti c wa ter demand; however, existing pressure i s i nadequat e for the DGC ta I I bu i Id i ng s . Ne ve r t he I ess , pre ssure can be easi ly i ncreased for these i a I I bu i Id i nsis by the use of boo st er pump s . r 1ow r equirements for f ire dema nd a re based on the mos t stri ngent expected cond ition within the oc;c Ordinary HCJz ard, Group I I. Demand is estimated at 2500 gpm fe r s tandpipes, and 1500 gprn for s pri nK ler systems , or 0000 gpm at 55 ps i r esidual pressure. Whi le ex i s ting water ma i ns have adequate capac i ry for f i r-e f I ow, t hey do not pr ovide s f f ici nt pressure. Two sol ut ions a r e cons iJ e red here. On e me ho d is to i ns a l I fire pu mps i n eac h u i ld i nc t o mee : t he s pec i i c requ ir rnent- s of e c •. 68 The second and preferred solution heating units can also be provided is to centralize this faci I ity and that would uti I ize heat recovery provide a high pressure fire main from return air conditioning condenser to al I DGC tenants in the uti I ity water to pre-heat domestic water. spine. This system would provide A system of this type would result adequate pressure, convenient in significant energy savings. Al I locations for the fire department interconnecting pipes would be to connect pumpers, and the flexi housed in the uti I ity spine. bi I ity to expand. The completed air conditioning Three diesel drive fire pumps, each system may uti I ize four 3,500 ton delivering 2000 gpm, should be in chi I lers. Each chi I !er could be the central plant. This system i nsta I I ed as needed according to could have one pump inoperative construction phasing. Similarly, while sti I I maintaining required domestic hot water heating systems protection. A sma I I aux i I i ary could also be phased as needed. electric "jockey pump" can also be provided to maintain pressure in Power the system without having to operate one of the large pumps. The proposed electrical system, providing power to al I DGC bui I dings Two of the Dade County towers and wi I I be a loop system. A switching the federal tower wi I I require station and uti I ity connections to additional fire pumps located power company subsurface feeders is within them. proposed in the central uti I ity area between the State bui I dings Irr i gat i_on demand is expected to and County precinct. Selective require an hourly flow rate of 1500 switching can be provided to select gpm. A total demand of 90,000 gal one of the power company feeders lons per day is therefore pro capable of serving the project and jected. Because surrounding ground should be arranged for automatic water has a high saline content, operation. From this switchi~g irrigation water must be supplied station, a loop system can be by potable water mains. Existing i nsta I I ed in the ut i I i ty spine so water mains are adequate to supply that power could be provided in the required flow and pressure. either direction along the loop; Separate water meters should, isolation switches can be located however, be provided for irrigation at each bui I ding to I imit the area water because sewer charges are affected by a failure to the system. based on domestic water meter readings. Emergency Power Air Conditioning and Domestic Emergency power for each DGC pre Hot Water cinct is planned to be generated in the central uti I ity plant. The two In order to provide economical air most important advantages of this conditioning for the DGC tenants, central system are that the single it is recommended air conditioning faci I ity wi I I have a better chance be handled by the common central of training and keeping a qua I ified uti I ity. Central chi Iler units and staff to maintain the faci I ity so cooling towers can be constructed it can be ready when needed, and integrally with the central plant. initial total installation costs In conjunction with the chi I !er wi I I be lower. The disadvantages units, central dvmestic hot water of a central emergency power genera- 69 tion system are that the size of the ment; security networks can be fac i I i ty and the somewhat di st ant established; telegraph and teletype location from many of the indivi systems can also be established to dual users wi I I add to the increased connect agencies to one another on risk of system failure. The most an as-needed basis. Raceways sha I I reliable method may in fact be be provided in the uti I ity spine individual units located in the for each system. individual OGC bui I dings. But because the success of the system Solid Waste depends to such a large degree on the abi I ity to support a ful I-time By the year 2000, the OGC is expected staff who wi I I maintain the faci I ity, to produce sol id waste at approxi a single centralized faci I ity mately I .0 pound per 100 square appears to be the better solution feet per day or about 20 tons per here. day. This volume is considered inadequate to justify central Communications hand I ing or waste recovery on site. Southern Bel I Telephone Company is It is recommended that sol id waste committed to provide requested tele be co I I ected at each bu i Id i ng or phone service to the DGC. It is bui I ding group by a private hauling proposed that service trunk I ines contractor. Sol id waste hand I ing be distributed through the uti I ity faci I ities at each bui I ding should spine from the point of interface be ta i I ored to the needs of the with existing underground faci Ii hauling contractor. ties. Each building can then have a private system or telephone The use of paper shredders in company system within it. office bui I dings could signifi cantly assist in reducing the Future use of the unique television volume of sol id waste and should media makes this system one which therefore be considered for these should be endowed with maximum bu i Id i ngs. flexibi I ity in the DGC. A closed circuit cable system is proposed in It may become feasible in the the uti I ity spine, which would future to move sol id waste from the connect to each bui I ding. It wi 11 DGC to an area of the transit provide for remote camera locations station, where it can be loaded that feed into a studio control onto special early ~orning trains. area. Each bui I ding can be equipped These special trains would then with an extension of this system as move the waste to a central off needed. Security channels can also site disposal or recovery facl I ity. be provided to visually monitor critical areas. Sewage The majority of intercommunication Based upon projections for office systems are localized within build space and population for the year i ngs and groups of bui I dings; how 2000, the project will generate ever, raceways can be provided approximately 478,000 gal Ions of between bui I dings in the uti I ity sewage per day. This quantity is spine to faci I itate wired systems. expected to be generated in an eight-hour day with an average flow Direct computer ties to building rate of 1.42 rngd (million gallons metering can also be used to control per day) and a peak flow rate of central heating and cooling equip- 3.55 mgd. 70 Treatment of projected wastewater the planned development to Miami can be adequately achieved by the River out fa I Is. It is recommended recent expansion of the Virginia that Dade County initiate a study Key Sewage Treatment Plant or other of the existing drainage system to planned regional wastewater treat determine its expected useful I ife ment plants. and capabi I ities. Much of the existing street rights-of-way are The City of Miami has tentative planned as landscaped areas, thus plans to construct an 18" gravity increasing inti ltration, and reducing relief sewer along N.W. 2nd Avenue the amount of future DGC surface running north-south from the N.W. runoff. 2nd Avenue - N.E. 6th Street inter section to relieve the overloaded 5.13 ADJACENT FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS flow condition in this area. This relief I ine would para I lel existing Implementation of the DGC would sewers to direct hydraulically natura I Iy inf I uence deve Iopment in proportioned flows to Pump Station the adjacent areas. It is impor No. 10 and to the N.W. River Drive tant that these developments be Pump Station. Consideration should coordinated with the implementation be given to constructing a 24" of the DGC Master Site Plan. The gravity pipe south of the stated deve I opment in the to I Iowing areas intersection along N.W. 2nd Avenue wl I I need close coordination with and N.W. 3rd Street to the Miami the DGC plan: Dade Water & Sewer Authority N.W. River Drive pump station trunk Rapid Transit System and its main. • development impact. Storm Drainage The proposed rapid transit station in the DGC vicinity Storm water in the DGC wi I I be dis has influenced the DGC Master posed of by direct ground recharge Site Plan siqnificantlv. Anv in the large natural areas. A changes in the plans of this I iberal use of pervious paving system may have great impact on blocks in hard surface areas are the DGC Master Site Plan. In planned. In areas of greater run addition, the location of the off, soakage pits or drainage wel Is Rapid Transit Station in this are proposed, depending on the area makes this location water volume to be disposed of. highly accessible by mass transportation. Therefore, it Drainage wel Is should be 15 inches is recommended that some of in diameter and should accommodate the air-rights of the proposed 150 percent of design flow. A rapid transit station be used detention tank should be installed for private office develop ahead of each wel I to remove pol lu ment. This development should tants that could clog the wel I. be, as recommended in the Provision should be made for a Master Site Plan, an exten future wel I at each detention tank sion of the Dade County pre in the event that the initial wel I cinct. becomes inoperable. Parking Garage in the block The integrity of the existing • between N.W. Fourth and Fifth drainage system, however, must be Streets east of First Avenue. partially maintained because it conveys stormwater from outside The proposal for a major 71 parking faci I ity in this block Area west of 1-95 . is described in the Section • under PARKING GARAGES. The location of Lummus Park is considered significant to the Area between N.W. First and DGC Master Site Plan and • Fourth Streets east of First therefore a grade-separated Avenue. pedestrian connection between the park and the DGC is recom These locations are oppor mended. It is probab I e that tunity sites for future private intense residential develop office development. ~ent would occur in this area, providing living quarters for It is recommended that the some of the DGC employees. east-west aerial pedestrian arteries in the DGC area be continued to connect to these future developments. e Area south of Flagler Street. This location is also expected to become an opportunity area for intense private off ice development. Development in this area should also be co ordinated with the implemen tation of DGC Master Site Plan. Special attention should be given to the proposal for a pedestrian mal I along Flagler Street resulting in shopping arcades at pedestrian levels. Extension of the proposed Ii near park under the Rapid Transit System guideway should be extended to the Miami River Walk. e Area north of N.W. Fifth Street. Besides being a prime location for downtown housing, this area is also a good location for future parking structures (to serve as off-site parking for other downtown Miami developments) because of its excel lent accessibi I ity to 1- 95. It is recommended that an aerial pedestrian connection from the State Regional Service Center be considered to connect to future development in this area. 72 1 Illustrative Site Plan, Stage 1 5.14 2 Illustrative Site Plan, Stage 2 3 Illustrative Site Plan, Year 2000 ILLUSTRATIVE 4 Ground Level Plan, Year 2000 5 Main Level Plan +20' 6 Aerial Concourse Level Plan + 70' PLANS 7 Sky Lobby Level Plan +245' 8 Utility Plan 9 Landscape Plan 1O Parcel Plan 11 E/W Section Through Site 12 N/S Section Through Site 13 E/W Section Through Library 14 N/S Section Through Site 73 Implementation of the Downtown 6.0 Government Center Master Plan wi I I bring to the site a unique environ ment, visual order and an effective IMPLEMENTATION coordination of many varied govern ment services and activities. PROCESS However, the effort to achieve this goal wi I I involve major commitments by various tenants to finance and construct their faci I ities within the framework of the Design Plan. Without these commitments, the Plan cannot be implemented. Since Dade County is the major tenant and land owner in the DGC, it should naturally take the lead in the implementation process. Dade County should under take the fol lowing actions to bring the DGC into being: 6.1 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS e Initiate a continuing program of pub I ic information and participation to encourage and obtain pub I ic acceptance of the project. e Take formal action endorsing the DGC Master Plan. • Initiate a commitment by \he City of Miami to accept the DGC Master Plan. e Appoint a ful I time DGC Project Coordinator who wil I report directly to the County Manager and who wi I I devote ful I time on implementing the project. e Engage a General Consultant to coordinate the implementation of the Design Plan. Public Information Program Because pub I ic funds wi 11 be used to implement much of the DGC, pub I ic support is considered essential, and a program of pub I ic information and participation is recommended. This can be accom plished by widely distributing this 93 report throughout Dade County so Project Coordinator that interested citizens wi I I have an opportunity to acquaint them It is recommended that a Project selves with the project and the DGC Coordinator be appointed by the Design Plan. Additionally, the DGC County Manager to direct County model should be displayed in several implementation efforts for the DGC. prominent pub I ic locations in Dade The Project Coordinator wi I I repre County so the pub I ic may further sent Dade County in the daily acquaint themselves with the DGC inter-government relations that are Design Plan. necessary for the successful coordi nation and implementation of the County Plan Endorsement Design Plans. He wi 11 be the prime mover in seeking federal and/or The next step in the implementation private funds for County-owned and process is the formal action endorsing private faci I ities. the Master Plan by the Metro Commis sion. Such action should be pre He wi I I be res pons i b I e for deve I op ceded by pub I ic hearings. ing the financial formulas by which certain common faci I ity or main The endorsement of the Plan wi I I tenance costs can be shared by al I achieve several important objec DGC tenants. tives. Besides initiating fruition of the Design Plan, it wi 11 make He wi I I a I so be respons i b I e for certain common components of the approving al I DGC faci I ity plans of Plan eligible for federal financial the DGC proposed tenants, for the aid. County Manager, and directing the work of the General Consultant. City Plan Endorsement General Consultant The County should urge formal action by the City of Miami endorsing In comp I iance with existing regula the Master Plan. Particular atten tions relating to competitive, tion needs to be given to the site selection procedures for engaging selected for the City of Miami consultants, all of the planned administrative faci I ities and those faci I ities in the DGC wi I I be elements of the Design Plan that designed by separate architects, ca I I for City-owned or shared engineers, landscape architects, faci I ities. etc. who wi 11 be individually selected by the participating There should be a clear understand governments. The need exists to ing and pub I ic discussion about closely coordinate the design of the planned Commission Chambers. the individual faci I ities with the Both the City and County need to DGC Design Plan. decide whether the shared faci I ity is to be bui It or not bui It. In order to assure coordinated Neither the City of Miami nor Dade implementation of the DGC Design County can be expected to proceed Plan, it is recommended that Dade with its faci I ity unti I there is a County engage a General Consultant. mutual commitment to share the cost The Genera I Consu I tant wi I I review and operation of the Commission faci I ity plans in the DGC for their Chambers. comp I iance with the DGC Design Plan and make approval recommendations to the DGC Project Coordinator. 94 Some of the duties and responsi 6.2 FUNDING STRATEGIES bi I ities of the General Consultant are out I ined below: The area of greatest importance concerning implementation of the • Distribute Design Plans and Design Plan is the unresolved issue Manual of Planning and Design of funding for certain of the major Criteria to Dade County and to DGC faci I ities. Although several the fac i I i ty designers. of the Government Center faci I ities already have been funded, such as e Review plans of proposed the Dade County Library; City of faci I ities for comp I iance with Miami Pol ice Headquarters, and Design Plan and Planning and State Regional Service Center, Design Criteria. others have not. Those that have not yet been funded include certain e Modify and maintain Design common faci I ities such as the Plans to reflect final faci I ity parking garages, the People Mover design plans. System, the DGC Park, and the proposed Centra I Ut i I i ty PI ant and e Maintain CPM schedule, System. Individual faci I ities that copies of current Design Plans, have not yet been funded include approved faci I ity plans and as the City and County Precincts, the b u i I t fa c i I i ty p I ans . Commission Chambers and the Federal Faci I ities. Although a bond issue e Provide architectural, engi has been authorized for the Art neering and other services for Museum, the DGC site has not yet certain central faci I ities as been selected for this faci I ity. requested. DOWNTOWN GOVERNMENT CENTER IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION Public User Dade Government County Commission Citizens Committee Chamber of Commerce Downtown Development County Authority Manager User approval D G C Agency Coordinator Planning Dept. advise Architectural Dept. Dept. of Public Works Traffic & Transportation South Florida Regional Planning Council Consultant General Parks & Recreation architect review Other engineer Consulting landscape architect Team 95 Although federal construction People Mover System funding has not yet been secured for the proposed transit system, An essential unifying element in the system is proceeding on sche the DGC Design Plan is the People dule as final design money has been Mover System, which is a unique provided by UMTA. development of the pub I ic right-of way. Design and construction. of the People Mover System should Common Facilities commence at the same time as the Dade County Precinct and should be The construction, operation and pub I i c I y owned. If the Dade funding of the common faci I ities County Precinct is bui It by a should be pursued by Dade County. private developer, the People Mover The cost and feasibi I ity of each of System can also be bui It by the the common faci I ities needs to be same private developer, but because separately determined. Addition it functions similar to a sidewalk, ally, the operational costs and the system of elevated walkways management of each of these common shou Id be owned by the pub I i c. faci I ities needs to be determined, along with a recommended formula If the Dade County Precinct is that equitably assigns construction owned by Metro, Dade County could and operating costs to al I DGC bui Id the entire DGC People Mover tenants. System and be reimbursed for its costs by other DGC tenants, accord ing to a predetermined formula. Parking Garages Another method of implementing the planned People Mover System is for DGC parking garages should be con each DGC tenant to individually structed and operated by the Depart bui Id its own segment of the ment of Offstreet Parking which is planned system. This method is an independent agency authorized by recommended if construction of al I the State of Florida to construct planned faci I ities begins at about and operate parking faci I ities in the same time. Otherwise, most of Dade County. Upon completion of a the system should be bui It by Dade satisfactory feasibi I ity study, the County when construction of the Department of Offstreet Parking wl I I Dade County Precinct is commenced. sel I revenue bonds for the design, construction and operation of the It may be possible to secure federal DGC garages. No land purchase is funds to implement the People Mover necessary for the planned off-site System. Demonstration Grants are garage because the Department of available through UMTA to develop, Offstreet Parking owns this parcel. test, and demonstrate new faci Ii Land wi I I have to be purchased from ties, equipment, techniques, and Dade County and the City of Miami methods that wi I I improve urban for the two planned on-site garages. transportation. Addi ti ona I I y, the Because City of Miami Pol ice Head federal Community Development Block quarters bond money has been used Grant Program provides construction to purchase block 88N, the City's funds for pedestrian mal Is and parcel, these bonds may have to be walkways. In order to be eligible retired before the land is purchased. for either of these programs, the It is expected that the parking Master Plan must be endorsed by garages wil I be financially self Dade County and reviewed and approved sufficient and provided as needs by the South Florida Regional arise. 96 Planning Council. Applications for Block Grant Program. This program federal funds can be made by the contains construction grants for DGC Coordinator with assistance pub I ic works and site improvements from the General Consultant. for streets, street I i ghts, street furniture, trees, parks and other DGC Park faci I ities for recreational partici pation, and the beautification of One of the most important features urban land. Again, in order to be of the DGC Design Plan is the large eligible for this aid, the Master auto-free zone and park, planned in Plan must be endorsed by Dade the heart of the DGC site. This County and reviewed and approved by tac i I i ty, inc I ud i ng the amph i - the South Florida Regional Planning theater, plantings, berms, mini Counc i I. bus, roadways, pedestrian paths, etc., shou Id be bu i It by Dade Additionally, a portion of the County. An amenity such as this, Decade of Progress Bond monies for which serves a I I residents of Dade parks and recreation may be avai 1- County, should be bui It and owned able tor the DGC Park implemen by the pub I ic. tation. If so, the DGC park can be one of the first tac i I it i es bu i It Nearly al I of the land planned as in the DGC. It is considered Park wi I I be owned by Dade County desirable to implement a large once acquisition is completed. segment of the park as early as Exceptions are the streets, which possible to quickly create the are owned by the City of Miami, and planned environmental amenities. the southeast corner of block 88N, which has been purchased with City Central Utility Plant and System of Miami Pol ice Headquarters bonding monies. The Central Uti I ity Plant and System should be bui It at the same It is recommended that the entire time as the Dade County Precinct. Park be designed and bui It by Dade The Centra I Ut i I i ty System show Id County when construction of the also be owned by the same entity County Precinct begins. Because that w i I I own the County Pree i net. the Park is the most important If the County Precinct is bui It and unifying element in the Design owned by Metro, then the Central Plan, a piecemeal design or con Plant should also be bui It and· struction of this faci I ity may not owned by the County. If, however, result in the most desirable environ the County Precinct is bui It and ment . Ag a i n , the cost of bu i I d i ng owned by a private developer, and the park can be passed onto other rented to Metro, the Central Plant DGC tenants according to an equit should be owned by the same private able formula. It is also recom developer. The Central Plant mended that the maintenance of the should be designed for expansion, Park be undertaken by the Dade so other tenants can also uti I ize County Department of Parks and the facility. Recreation, or if mutually agree able, the park can be maintained by An early commitment to construct the City of Miami's Department of the planned central uti I ity plant Parks and Recreation. in the DGC is es sent i a I in order for the tac i I i ty to be vi ab I e. The Federal funds may be avai I able tor architects tor the individual DGC implementation of the DGC Park bu i Id i ngs wi I I need to know whether through the Community Development this tac i I i ty wi I I be bu i It prior 97 to the design of their bui I dings. to begin in late 1978. The land is Before this commitment can be made, scheduled to have been acquired by however, a feasibi I ity study should that time and no delays are antici be undertaken and the to I I owing pated. questions should be answered: Dade County Art Museum e How much wi I I it cost to design and bui Id? Also, as part of the Decade of Progress Bond Issue $75,800,000 was • How much wi I I it cost to approved by the citizens of the operate? County for Parks Recreation and Cultural Faci I ities. Of this e Who should own the central amount, $2,000,000 was designated uti I ity faci I ity? for a multi-purpose Arts Building. Although this faci I ity was originally If publicly owned, planned to be bui It at the existing County faci I ity at Viscaya, later How wi 11 it be financed? studies found that it was not • feasible to construct the Art How wi 11 it be managed? Museum at Viscaya, and several new • sites were considered for the Art How wi 11 operating costs Museum. In March, 1975, Harold • be distributed to DGC Lewis Malt and Associates pub I ished users? a report on the proposed "Dade County Art Museum". This report In the final analysis, the critical out I ined the type of activities and teas i bi I i ty factor wi I I be the programs to be accommodated in the scheduling of connections to the new faci I ity, the .kind of faci I ity Central Plant from individual DGC best suited for these activities, facilities. where the faci I ity should be located, and what form of governance is Dade County Facilities appropriate. Dade County Library The County Commission is presently appointing an Arts and Science The next bui I ding to be constructed Counci I. Once the Downtown Govern in the DGC, after the State Regional ment Center site has been accepted Service Center, wi I I be Dade County's by this Counci I and the Dade County new Main Library. In November, Commission, then Museum design and 1972, the citizens of Dade County construction bonds can be sold. approved the issuance of $553, 100,000 Assuming this can be accomplished in County Bonds to support funding by the end of 1976, then program for a Decade of Progress. Of this ming and design of the Art Museum amount, $11,925,000 was approved can commence in late 1977 and for the new Main Library which is construction can begin in 1978. to be bui It in the DGC. According It is desirable to design both the to most recent plans, Dade County Museum and Library together as a plans to sell the Library bonds in unified cultural complex; there two i nsta I I men ts. The in it i a I sa I e fore, early action by the County wi I I be in October, 1977, for Commission endorsing the DGC Master design funds; in October, 1978, PI an, which wi I I a I so serve to construction bonds wi I I be sold. select the DGC site for the Art Therefore, construction of the New Museum, is of paramount importance. Main Dade County Library is scheduled 98 Dade County Precinct Establish the cost of • bu i Id i ng the fac i I i ty. The Dade County Precinct is essen tia I ly comprised of faci I ities for Identify, analyze and the Dade County Courts and Dade • recommend the most favor County Administrative faci I ities. a b I e (to the taxpayer) Since the physical needs of each funding plan for the are somewhat different, imp I emen court faci I ity. These tat ion funding for the Courts and include the fol lowing: Administrative faci I ities are discussed separately below. General Obi igation Bonds County Courts Non-Profit Corporation Florida State law requires Dade Private Developer County to provide adequate physical faci I ities for the County Courts. Investment of pub I ic Due to its unique physical require employee pension funds. ments, however, it is uni ikely that adequate faci I ities for the Courts e Initiate a pub I ic infor can be rented. Typical rental mation program to inform office space that is avai I able in the residents of Dade the marketplace, is not designed County as to the most and is not suitable for the unique efficient method of physical requirements of the Courts. financing the proposed In order to comply with State law, court facility. therefore, new court faci I ities for the Ci vi I and Probate Divisions of e Hold pub I ic hearings and the Circuit Court and Civi I Divi take formal action to sion of the County Court wi I I have proceed with the funding to be bui It, since present faci Ii for the fac i I i ty. ties are overcrowded and inadequate. Furthermore, the recent Justice County Administration Facilities Reform Bi I I passed by the elec torate requires changes and expan The residents of Dade County are sion of the entire Courts System. not eager to assume the financial burden for government bui I dings as The fact that voters rejected a demonstrated by the history of bond issue in 1972 that included pub I ic referendums for government new court faci I ities should not bui !dings. Yet Metro pays an annual rule out future bonding possibi 1- rent in excess of $1 mi Ii ion to ities for the County Courts.· In the rent office space for adminis rejected issue were many projects trative use. This money comes from that were rint related to tl1c court the County's general operating faci I ities. Properly promoted to fund, which is passed on to taxpayers an informed pub I ic, the court in rea I estate taxes. If Metro faci I ities, by themselves, might does not bui Id its planned faci Ii be accepted by the voting pub I ic as ties in the DGC, Dade County tax a legitimate general obi igation. payers wi I I sti I I have to bear the However, the acceptance by the increasing burden of renting private voting pub I ic is not predictable, office space. Un I i ke the courts, and alternative funding plans should County administrative functions be prepared and kept in reserve. have no unusual physical require The recommended· funding strategy for ments and normally require general the Courts is I isted below: 99 office space, which is readily General Obi igation Bonds avai I able for rent in Dade County. • There are two issues here. • Non-Profit Corporation The first issue is whether certain Private Developer County administrative functions • should be centralized in the DGC. Investment of pub I ic • employee pension funds. This issue has been resolved by numerous County pol icy decisions, Based upon the above, the since 1960, to relocate County • County Commission should administrative faci I ities to the initiate a program of DGC. pub I ic support for the preferred financial plan. The second issue is whether the rental of privately developed off ice Careful consideration should be space in the DGC is more costly to given to another attempt at a Dade County residents than the General Obi igation Bond; however, pub I ic ownership of such faci Ii because of the risk of failure, a ties. GOB is not recommended unless three conditions are satisfied: I) It The issue is clearly not whether it 1s clearly demonstrated that this should be bui It, but how it should type of funding for County adminis be funded. There are several ways trative facilities will result in to fund the County administrative significant savings to the tax faci I ities. Some, such as a non payer; 2) the concept of savings profit corporation or lease-back can be adequately promoted to the agreement with a private developer, voter; and 3) t~ere is a good have previously been proposed. The chance that the voter wi I I approve I imited number of such proposals to the bond sale. date has not provided sufficient choice upon which to base a decision One of the implementation considera and take positive action. tions for the Dade County Precinct is the establishment of a DGC The fol lowing analysis should be Authority or non-profit corporation undertaken before the County decides by the State of Florida, which upon a funding plan: wou Id have the ab i I i ty to se I I revenue bonds, and construct faci Ii e A necessary first step in ties in the DGC. These faci I ities the determination process would be rented to tenants, such as is to establish the cost Dade County for their use as adminis of bui I ding the faci Ii trative office space. The finan ties. cial advantages and disadvantages of the non-profit corporation need e Identify, analyze and to be weighed against other finan recommend the most favor cial plans to determine the best ab I e (to the taxpayer) plan. Again, this is beyond the ownership, operating and scope of this report. financial plan for the fac i I i ty. County administrative bui I dings in the DGC can be bui It by private These include the fol lowing: developers and rented to Metro. This owner-tenant relationship is identical to the current procedure 100 by which the County uti I izes and City of Miami rents private office space; this procedure wi I I not require approval Like Dade County, the City of Miami by County voters. is faced with a funding di lemma. Although existing City offices at One of the features of the DGC Dinner Key were supposed to be Design Plan is that the plan for temporary quarters when they were the Dade County Precinct lends moved there in 1954, the off ices itself to implementation by several are sti I I there more than twenty developers. Similar to an Urban years later. Additionally, City Renewal project, Dade County can residents time and again turned prepare and distribute design down bond issues to construct packages for the County precinct new City offices. Uni ike Dade and solicit proposals from developers County, the City of Miami owns to bu i Id and I ease back office the bui I dings it occupies at space to Dade County over a 30 year Dinner Key and is not burdened period. Afterward, the bui I dings with annual rental costs for ad may revert to County ownership. By ministrative office space. However, subordinating land costs to the in June, 1972, the City endorsed a developers, the rent that the Master Plan for Dinner Key, which County pays wi 11 be substantially cal Is for the relocation of al I I ower. Again, the I ega I imp I i- City administrative functions from cat ions need study and are beyond Dinner Key to the Government Center. the scope of this report. Because of the apparent similar Other funding plans need to be pub I ic sentiment of both City and ca refu I I y considered first, however, County residents towards pub I ic because County residents may achieve bui I dings, we recommend that the significant cost savings by one of City of Miami consider joining with the other funding alternatives. Dade County in the fol lowing: Recent federa I I aws encourage the Initiation of program of investment of pension funds in • pub I i c information and certain real estate ventures. participation to encou Because this financial resource may rage and obtain pub I ic be larger than other resources, and acceptance of the pro it may be possible for Metro's ject. pub I ic employee pension funds to be invested in this project, this Endorsement of DGC Master source of financing should not be • Plan. overlooked. • Joint exploration of Once the financial issue is resolved, avai I able funding alter final programming and design of DGC natives such as the common faci I ities and the County investment of employee Precinct can commence. Assuming pension funds in City programming and design can begin in owned DGC faci I ities. 1978, first stage construction can begin in 1979. Because first stage State of Florida construction of the County faci Ii ties is expected to take about two The first stage of the Regional years, the initial County occupancy Service Center is under construction; date could be 1981. although money has not yet been a I located for Stages Two through 101 Four, there is no reason to believe they wi I I not be funded on schedu I e. The Federal Precinct The General Services Administration of the Federal Government cannot at this time make commitments to bui Id federal office space in the DGC. They do, however, view the project favorably and can be expected to fol low suit by bui I ding new GSA faci I ities in the DGC. Funding for federal office faci I ities requires an act of Congress, which is usually achieved when justification is demonstrated. The formula that GSA uses to eva luate long-term leases in private bui I dings vs. outright construction and ownership of its own bui I dings, has been recently changed. The new formula favors GSA ownership. Hence, GSA wi I I be looking more favorably to constructing and owning its own bu i Id i ngs in the future and the I ikel ihood of relocating existing federal agencies, that presently rent space in Dade County, to the Downtown Government Center is high. The establishment and maintenance of a I iaison with the Regional Commissioner of Pub I ic Bui I ding Service and Florida members of Congress is recommended. Rapid Transit System Although funding has been secured for the final design of Phase I, the need exists to coordinate the transit final design with the design of the DGC. This vital design coordination wi I I be under taken by the General Consultant. 102 TECHNICAL Mode of Access To project the percentage of people using various modes of transportation, APPENDIX previous studies by Alan M. Voorhees and Associates were used as a base. TRANSPORTATION Because the impact of the proposed rapid transit system is I ikely to significantly alter the mode of AND access splits, two cases are studied. First, modal splits are determined by PARKING assuming that rapid transit wi I I not be in operation during the study period. Then, the modal split assumes implementation of the rapid transit system as planned. Severa I important assumptions a re made regarding future attitudes toward the use of private auto mobiles. These assumptions have a direct bearing on modal split projections to the year 2000. They are I isted below: The cost of operation of the • private autornobi le wi I I con tinue to increase. Future automobiles wi I I tend to • be smaller, on the average, than today's fu I 1-s i zed automqb i Ies. Carpooling wi I I become more • widespread, especially with the consolidation of destina tions such as the Government Center wi I I achieve. Economic constraints, government action and environmental awareness wi I I also provide some stimulus to increased carpooling. • Technical advances in pollution control systems and more economical propulsion systems wi I I a I I ow the automob i I e to remain a viable means of transportation. • Some form of improved trans portation feeder system wi I I be implemented to enhance the current bus system even if the hard transit system is not constructed. 1 Based on these assumptions, mode of The projected increasing percentage access summaries are presented. The of visitor trips by other modes is first deals with employee trips the result of multiple destination while the second deals with visitors. trips where the Government Center In al I cases where there is more may be a secondary destination to than one probabi I ity of employee or another close-by faci I ity. visitor population, that probabi- 1 ity which results in the larger The projected decreasing percentage population is used. So long as of auto trips by visitors, compared the services in the Government to employees, is the result of an Center are used by a I I residents assumption that there wi I I be a of Dade County with somewhat slightly higher use of Government equal frequency, the projections Center faci I ities by the old and for mod a I sp I it as shown shou Id poor, who may be transit captive, be realistic. Should Government than those who regularly travel by Center services favor any special automobile. Since carpooling is ethnic or regional group, less I ikely for visitor trips, car however, the transportation occupancy projections for visitors characteristics of that group are anticipated to be less than could seriously alter the those for employees. modal splits, particularly for visitor trips. EMPLOYEE AND VISITOR TRIPS NO RAPID TRANSIT Employees Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 % Auto 70 67 63 59 55 % Transit 20 23 27 31 35 % Other 10 10 10 10 10 Car Occupancy I .20 I .24 I .28 I. 32 I. 35 Visitors Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 % Auto 68 62 58 54 50 % Transit 15 18 20 23 26 % Other 17 20 22 23 24 Car Occupancy I. I 0 I. 12 I. 15 I . 17 I. 20 2 The percentage changes shown on the patterns is expected, pr inc i pa I I y previous page are based on I inear adjacent to stations, which will projections. These changes, however, tend to increase population density are I ikely to be step functions re a I ong the system segments. It is lating to specific events, such as assumed that the design and con the introduction of improved transit struction period for the transit service, etc. For the purpose of this system wi I I al low sufficient time study, it is assumed that the I inear for these patterns to begin to shift projection wi I I approximate the step so that a relatively constant growth function since the timing of those rate in transit ridership wi 11 be specific events wi I I probably be established shortly after the ful I demand related. system is in operation. The fol lowing tables show projected modal Effect of the Rapid Transit sp I it percentages with the rapid transit system in operation. According to current rapid transit plans, al I stages of the proposed rapid transit system wi I I be com plete and in ful I operation by 1985. The initial patronage of the system is expected to be approximately twelve percent of the daily automotive trips in Dade County. As the system operates over a period of time, a change in Dade County development VISITOR AND EMPLOYEE TRIPS RAPID TRANSIT IN OPERATION Visitors Mode 1985 1990 1995 2000 % Auto 52 46 40 34 % Transit 28 32 37 42 % Other 20 22 23 24 Car Occupancy I. 12 I. 15 I. 17 I .20 Employees Mode 1985 1990 1995 2000 % Auto 55 49 43 37 % Transit 35 41 47 53 % Other 10 10 10 10 Car Occupancy I .24 I .28 I .32 I .35 3 The effect of the rapid transit ANTICIPATED TRIP system is expected to be greater on visitors than employees since the DISTRIBUTION larger number of transit riders is Assume Space Needs Are Provided projected to be visitors, including as Required the old and the poor who may have more reason to uti I ize the Govern 15.000 ment Center faci I ities. These pro ~ jections represent a 16.7 percent ,~<;, , trip shift to transit (from auto) in 13,000 "\(\ ... 1985 increasing to nearly 33 percent ~e(:~ in the year 2000. Since the shift o.~'-J.· I 60.-, 11,000 ~ .,t.O - l..--- from auto to transit wi I I be higher o~"~ for centra I I ocat ions, rather than 9 suburban areas, these percentages .,,,,, ~~ I ~·pill' 9,000 "(I'•" appear reasonable...... "'l••"si\ \0\1\0'1 '-'ass I 7,000 Trip Distribution occupancy factor ...... - car L---·I ---- The gross number of daily trips, by - Rapid Transit Shill mode, is derived from the projected 5,000 daytime population and the projected modal distribution. The opposite 3,000 chart projects the total number of No. of Car Spaces da i I y trips, by mode, that wi I I be generated by the Downtown Govern 1,000 ment Center. 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 The tables on the fol lowing page project the total number of daily trips, by mode, under both rapid transit and non-rapid transit con ditions throughout the planning period. Without the rapid transit system, the growth of the auto trips increases at a much lower percentage than the total trips, principally because of the projected increase in mass transit ridership. With the rapid transit system in opera tion, the projected number of auto trips actually decreases because the percentage shift from auto to rapid transit is greater than the percentage increase in total trips. The most significant evidence of this projection is to occur in 1985 when the rapid transit system first goes into operation. The incremental shift of modes after 1985 is projected to be less than initial shift, when the system is planned to be operational. 4 • TOTAL DAILY EMPLOYEE TRIPS Without Transit Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Auto 8,754 9,398 9,795 10,217 10,497 Transit 2,501 3,226 4, 198 5,368 6,680 Other I ,250 I ,403 I, 555 I, 732 I, 909 Total 12,505 14,027 15,548 17,317 19,086 With Transit Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Auto 8,754 7,715 7,618 7,446 7,061 Transit 2,501 4,909 6,375 8, 139 I 0, I 16 Other I ,250 I ,403 I, 555 I, 732 I, 909 Total 12,505 14,027 15,548 17,317 19,086 TOTAL DAILY VISITOR TRIPS Without Transit Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Auto 18,292 18,864 19,691 20,642 21'250 Transit 4,035 5,477 6,790 8,792 I I ,050 Other 4,573 6,085 7,469 8,792 10,200 Total 26,900 30,426 33,950 38,226 42,500 With Transit Mode 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Auto 18,292 15,822 15,617 15,290 14,450 Transit 4,035 8,519 10,864 14' 144 17,850 Other 4,573 6,085 7,469 8,792 10,200 Total 26,900 30,426 33,950 38,226 42,500 5 GENERATED AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC Without Transit Year Employee Visitor Total 1980 7,295 16,629 23,924 1985 7,579 16,843 24,422 1990 7,730 17' 123 24,853 1995 7,740 17,643 25,383 2000 7 '776 17,708 25,484 With Transit Year Employee Visitor Total % Reduction 1980 7,295 16,629 23,924 0 1985 6,222 14, 127 20,349 16.7 1990 5,952 13,580 19,532 21 .4 1995 5,641 13,068 18,709 26.3 2000 5,230 12,042 17 ,272 32.2 The number of trips is reduced to The distribution of the DHV to the auto movements on a daily basis to proposed roadway system is projected give a relative measure of the on page 7. The directional dis:tTibution traffic. developed earlier by Alan M. Voorhees and Associates was reviewed and It is apparent that the relatively adjusted for the deletion of the smal I yearly growth in auto traffic lnterama Expressway. without the proposed transit system is a result of a lower projected percentage of people using this mode and of the projected increase in car occupancy. The yearly decrease in ADT with the proposed transit system is the result of the same factors with the addition of the major shift of mode (auto to transit). Peak hour traffic is derived by assuming that 60 percent of al I employee trips and 15 percent of all visitor trips would occur during the peak hour. The table on page 8 i I lustrates the projected Design Hourly Volume (DHV) using the above assumptions for both transit conditions. 6 DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION Direction Via Percent of Total Trips North 1-95 43 North 3rd. Ave. 7 North 2nd. Ave. 7 East N.E. 5th and 6th St. 3 East N. E. 2nd St. 2 South 1-95 25 South 2nd Ave. 7 West N.W. 3rd & 6th St. 3 West N.W. 1st St. 3 A major problem with the existing street system is the large volume of motorists wishing to use 1-95 Northbound at the PM peak hour. Currently, the best avai I able access to Northbound 1-95, close to the site, is the N. W. 8th Street single lane entry ramp, currently heavily used and difficult to expand. An apparent alternative is to assign a relatively large percentage of projected traffic volumes eastbound via 5th Street to N. E. I st Avenue, and then northbound to 1-395 where other existing connections to 1-95 north bound exist. This routing is rather indirect for a large percentage of Govern ment Center traffic. Because of the current capacity and expansion constraints on the 8th Street ramp, this routing appears realistic for a portion of the northbound traffic. It should be noted that should. the rapid transit system be implemented, as planned, it would provide a very good alternative to the indirect auto movements and would make transit use more desirable as it becomes avai I able. The proposed traffic p I an wi I I re quire some modification to the existing street system. The chart on page 9 indicates proposed modifica tions to existing streets in and around the Government Center 5ite. 7 DESIGN HOURLY VOLUME With Transit Year Employee Visitor Total 1980 2, 189 I ,247 3,436 1985 I, 867 I ,059 2,926 1990 I , 786 I , 0 19 2,805 1995 I, 692 980 2,672 2000 I , 569 903 2,472 Without Transit Year Employee Visitor Total 1980 2, I 89 I , 24 7 3,436 1985 2,274 I , 263 3,537 1990 2,319 I , 284 3,603 1995 2,322 I , 323 3,645 2000 2' 333 I , 328 3,661 8 PROPOSED STREET MODIFICATIONS ROADWAY EXISTING PROPOSED N.W. I st Street Two moving lanes, one way Three lanes, one way westbound from westbound except for one N.W. I Avenue. Existing two way block between N.W. Miami section and street parking to be Court and N.W. I Avenue. e I i mi nated. N.W. 2nd Street Two lanes, one way east- Closed through DGC site. bound; two parking lanes. N.W. 3rd Street Two lanes, one way west- Closed through DGC site. bound; two parking lanes. N.W. 4th Street Two lanes, one way east- Closed through DGC site. bound; two parking lanes. N.W. 5th Street Two moving lanes, one way Three lanes, one way eastbound east eastbound east of N.W. 3rd of N.W. 3rd Avenue; no street parking. Avenue; two parking lanes. N.W. 6th Street Two moving lanes; two way; Three lanes, one way westbound east parking on both sides. of N.W. 3rd Avenue; no street parking. N.W. 1st Avenue Two moving lanes, two way Three lanes; one lane southbound, one between N.W. 5th faci I ity; parking on both left turn storage lane southbound, Street and !st sides. one lane northbound from N.W. 5th Street Street to N.W. 1st Street; no street parking. N.W. 1st Avenue Two moving lanes, one way Two bus lanes, one way, for ea~h between N.W. !st for each divided roadway; divided roadway; c I osed to a I I other and Flagler St. parking on all sides. traffic; no street parking. N.W. 1st Court Two lanes, one way north Closed through DGC site. bound; two parking lanes. N.W. 2nd Avenue Four lanes, two way; no Closed to traffic between N.W. 1st street parking. Street and N.W. 5th Street; new align ment, one way, open to bus and emer gency vehicles only. N.W. 3rd Avenue Three moving lanes, one way Extend two lanes to N.W. 1st Street northbound east of 1-95, from N.W. 2nd Street to N.W. 5th three moving lanes, one way Street, four lanes, one way north southbound west of 1-95. bound, three lanes one way south bound; no street parking. Flagler Street Two moving lanes, one way Pedestrian ma I I; open to buses and westbound east of N.W. 1st emergency vehicles only during nor Avenue, two way west of N.W. mal working hours. Open to service 1st Street. vehicles during other hours. 9 Parking Parking demand in the Government Center is directly related to the number of employees and visitors that are projected to utilize the taci I ities. The fol lowing table i I lustrates the projected demand for parking spaces for the Government Center throughout the planning period: PARKING DEMAND With Transit Year Long Term Short Term Total 1980 3,648 2,079 5, 727 1985 3, I I I I, 766 4' 877 1990 2,976 I , 698 4,674 1995 2,820 I, 634 4,454 2000 2,615 1,505 4' 120 Without Rapid Transit Year Long Term Short Term Total 1980 3,648 2,079 5, --:n 1985 3,790 2, I 05 5,895 1990 3,826 2, 140 5' 966 1995 3,870 2,205 6,075 2000 3,888 2,214 6, I 02 10 Anticipated parking demand for long • It may be impractical to provide term spaces is based upon projec on-site parking at a large tions of the total number of number of adjacent development vehicles used by employees com sites. muting to work. Short term • Land for off-site parking for spaces represent the projected these future adjacent develop automotive visitor trips with ments may not be readily an assumed stay of two hours for avai I able. each trip purpose. • Additional parking areas, which wi I I themse Ives become traffic Implementation of the transit generators, may disrupt traffic system wi I I significantly reduce flow patterns in downtown and the required number of spaces around the DGC site causing for both employees and visitors. congestion. If the system is implemented, there is still an early demand Relative projected parking demands ( 1980) for s I i ght I y more than with and without the transit system 5,700 spaces. It is apparent and planned on and off-site DGC that if I ) the DGC is bu i It at a parking distribution are i I lustrated rate equal to projected space on the charts below. demands; 2) parking structures are bui It to serve Government Center needs, and 3) the rapid transit ANTICIPATED PARKING DEMAND system is bu i It by 1985, there Assume Space Needs Are Provided as Required may be a substantial excess of 7.000 WITHOUT RAPID TRANSIT : parking spaces on the site as 5,966 v_~gr,s.L.---~02 6,000 5.895 ear I y as I 986 . 5.727 ,- I --~ llWITH RAPID TRANSIT I 5.000 4,877 The proposed zoning ordinance for '""-- I l.d,674 .. to- I 4,454 4,120 downtown Miami requires that no more 4.000 I than one-third of the potential 3.000 : parking demand for any development ...... ASSUME RAPID TRANSIT in downtown (excepting DGC-Special j.,...... IN OPERATION 2.000 District) be provided on site. The ! remaining two-thirds of the demand 1,000 i should be provided in the City ~ designated off-site sate I I ite 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 parking locations. Further, the Downtown Government Center area was PARKING DISTRIBUTION identified as one of such potential Assume Space Needs Are Provided as Required sites. LONG TERM SHORT TERM DEMAND DEMAND 7,000 (::.:..::.-::.-::.-::.-:.1 Wffd3I It would, therefore, be realistic to assume that excess parking provided 6,000 in connection with DGC could house these off-site parking demands. 5,000 4,000 For the fo I I owing reasons, con sideration was given to I ikely 3.000 future off-site developments in determining the best locations 2,000 for DGC parking garages: 1,000 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 11 The fol lowing i I lustrations show projected traffic distribution on the modified DGC street system in the A.M. and P.M. 1985 peak hours. Assuming Government Center space needs are fi I led according to projected demand, and the pro posed transit system for Dade County wi I I be operational in 1985, then peak parking demand for the Government Center is expected to occur just prior to the opening of the transit system. Peak demand is project ed to be about 5,900 parking spaces. Even though the daily visitor and employee population in the DGC is expected to con tinue to increase to the year 2000, parking demand is expect ed to decrease. This is caused by the assumed increase in future car occupancy, the assumed extensive improvements in the pub I ic bus systems and the shift that wi I I be caused by the proposed transit system. If the proposed transit system is not bui It, peak parking demand is expected to occur when the Government Center is completed in the year 2000. With no rapid transit system, peak parking demand is expect ed to be about 6, 100 spaces. It is therefore proposed that D G C off-site DGC parking structures be bui It to partially house the ~nitial oarking demand of DGC tenants. When DGC parking demand drops off as projected, excess parking in these structures should be made available to demands elsewhere in downtown Miami. immmmE Parking Garage P.M. PEAK HOUR 1985 ~ l!!!!e~ 12 Plan Evaluation M.U.A.T.S. data does not include the development of a Government The planned one-way loop system Center and its associated redis around the Government Center is tribution of employee and visitor capable of efficiently moving traffic trips. Secondly, the modification in the area. Left turn conflicts, to the M.U.A.T.S. data to delete which cause delay and congestion, the lnterama Expressway could only have been eliminated by the planned be adjusted in a subjective one-way system. fashion without benefit of a detailed analysis of the trip Projected traffic flows can be origins and destinations. accommodated within existing street rights-of-way. The closure of In summary, the proposed roadway Second, Third and Fourth Streets system in the Downtown Government wi I I, however, increase the projected Center area appears capable of traffic volumes on First and Fifth accommodating both A.M. and P.M. Streets and Third Avenue. A poten projected peak hour traffic volumes. tial traffic problem may appear to Parking faci I ities are conveniently have been created by the recommended located for both internal distri closure of Second Street, since the bution and exterior traffic flow. ramp from 1-95, which connects with Most importantly, the Government Second Street, provides one of the Center wi I I be highly accessible main access routes into the downtown to a I I areas of the County, with area from the south. This, however, only moderate congestion and a is not viewed as a major problem minimum of delay. because this traffic can be easily routed to N.W. Second Street via N.W. Third Avenue, N.W. Fifth Street and N. W. First Avenue. It shou Id a I so be noted that Dade County's transit consultants also recommend that N.W. Second Street be closed. Also, if N.W. Second Street is al lowed to cross through the Govern ment Center Site, the planned park and pedestrian precinct within the Government Center wi I I be somewhat reduced in size and violated by through traffic. The problems with traffic plan evaluation for the Government Center have been two-fold. First, the data used to obtain base traffic was the 1964 M.U.A.T.S. traffic assignment, adjusted for the deletion of the lnterama Express way. Although the traffic generated by the Government Center is based on criteria which can be critically appraised, the M.U.A.T.S. data is not for several reasons. The 13 MANUAL 1.0 GENERAL OF 2.0 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 2 3.0 URBAN FORM 4 PLANNING 4.0 FACILITY PLANNING 5 AND 5.0 CIRCULATION AND MOVEMENT 7 DESIGN 6.0 COMPATIBLE DESIGN CRITERIA ELEMENTS 9 7.0 PUBLIC USE SPACES 11 8.0 SECURITY AND SAFETY 12 9.0 FACILITIES FOR THE HANDICAPPED 13 10.0 SITE LIGHTING 16 11.0 LANDSCAPING 17 12.0 GRAPHICS/SIGNAGE/ FURNISHINGS 18 13.0 PARKING FACILITIES 19 14.0 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES 21 15.0 AUXILIARY FACILITIES 22 1.0 GENERAL F. Develop a plan that is inte gral with the overal I develop 1.1 Foreward ment plans for downtown Miami. In order to maintain a high level G. Develop a plan that encourages of order and consistency among al I the use of mass transit and the elements of the Downtown Govern modes of transportation other ment Center, it is imperative that than the private automobile. certain planning and design criteria be established to implement the H. Develop a Plan that has flexi Design Plan and to serve as tools bi I ity and al lows for modifica for evaluating the design of indi tion if the spatial requirements vidual bui I dings and faci I ities. change. These criteria, along with the Design Plan, wi 11 guide the develop I. Develop a plan that provides ment of the Downtown Government for economy by efficiently Center. combining common faci I ities and functions. General Pol icy statements are expressed herein as objectives. 1.3 Design Philosophy The guide I ines that fol low meet these general objectives and wi I I The experience of a consolidated Govern serve to evaluate specific plans. ment Center, housing many levels of Recognizing that guide I ines need government agencies and services in not preclude the creativity of one comp Iex, wi I I be re I at i ve I y new to individual faci I ity designers, it Dade County. It is important, there is important nevertheless, that fore, to create a sense of familiarity individual plans reflect adherence and involvement to this new part of to certain essential guidelines for the community by giving the Center, the purposes of Design Plan con as a whole, a character of unity, formity, efficiency, and main and a sense of belonging. tenance of a unified character. Pub I ic-use environment is important. 1.2 Objectives Downtown needs to remain active for a longer period at night to deter A. Create a consolidated Govern crime and to attract more people. mental Seat for the various The DGC, therefore, must encourage pub I ic agencies in one central pub I i c usage by incorporating area. plazas, landscaped open spaces, retai I commercial faci I ities, B. Create a unified organization cultural faci I ities, and other of components so as to effectu pub I ic-congregation faci I ities. ate a harmonious and a wel ! functioning plan. C. Create a pub I ic-use environ ment true to the principle of democratic government. D. Create a symbo I i c pub I i c center in downtown Miami. E. Use the Government Center as a catalyst to enhance the qua I ity of downtown Miami. 1 2.0 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 6. The main plaza level at+ 20 1 -0". 2.1 Introduction 7. The planned Open Space This section deals with the criteria system. for Plan Implementation. Plan Implementation involves the mech B. The fol lowing components of anism for Design Plan implementa the Design Plan are viewed as tion, revision, funding criteria, somewhat flexible and are administration of the Plan, staging adaptable to change as more and the review process. information becomes available. 2.2 Design Plan Objectives I. The precise footprint that each faci I ity makes The basic goal of the Design Plan on the site. is to guide the implementation of the DGC, so the resulting physical 2. The exact number of environment is consistent with the stories in each building. fundamental concepts of the Plan. 3. The final shape of each A. The integrity of the Design bu i Id i ng. Plan is to be preserved and the fundamental concepts of 4. The location and number the Design Plan wi 11 not of vertical circulation change unless there are major elements along the People program or objective revisions Mover System. to the Master Plan. 5. The location and size of B.. The Design Plan is a I iving structural elements such document that al lows for as the columns under the revision and minor adjustments transit I ines. as certain parameters change and more information becomes c. The Design Plan should be avai I able. modified to reflect minor adjustments for the fol lowing 2.3 Design Plan Guidelines reasons: A. The fol lowing constitutes the I • If the east-west I ine of fundamental concepts of the the Rapid Transit system Design Plan and should not be is deleted through the changed: DGC. I. The major central park. 2. If the vertical alignment of the north-south Rapid 2. Location of bui I ding Transit I ine is altered precincts. through the DGC. 3. Vehicular circulation 3. If there is any shift in system. traffic flow projections in the downtown area 4. Pedestrian movement affecting DGC. system. 4. If there is a minor 5. Relationship of bui I ding change in the program not masses to one another. affecting the basic concept of the plan. 2 5. If the parking system tor 2.5 Development Staging-Guidelines the major structure on the site is changed from A. The initial stage should be mechanical to conven planned for completion in tional type. 1980. This stage should satisfy space needs for 1985. 6. If there is a change in the alignment of existing B. Certain facilities will need utilities. to be constructed during intermediate stages prior to D. The Design Plan should be the ultimate stage, accom reviewed and changed, if neces modating year 2000 require sary, if the fol lowing happen: ments. I. A major new faci I ity is c. Staging has been planned so added to the DGC program. vertical expansion is not required. As much as pos 2. A major planned faci I ity sible, each stage should be a is deleted from the DGC separate bui I ding. program. D. The plan provides tor construc 3. The horizontal alignment tion roac access during a I I of the Rapid Transit construction stages. system is altered within the DGC area. E. A basic design vocabulary shou Id be to I lowed through a I I 4. A major change in the the stages in a bui I ding Rapid Transit system precinct. This continuity is affecting DGC is made, extremely important. such as moving the DGC station. F. The ground footprint that is planned for later construction 2.4 Development Staging-Objectives stages shou Id be nom i na I I y landscaped during Stage One A. The DGC should be designed to construction. include the spatial require ments for the initial stage- 2.6 Funding Objectives 1980, intermediate stages and the year 2000 ultimate stage. A. The funding alternatives selected should be the ones B. Construction should be staged that are most economical and so disruption to existing acceptable to the pub I ic. faci I ities is minimized. B. The selected funding should be c. The plan should be staged so easy to secure on a continuing that the major features of the basis during the development Design Plan, such as the DGC of the project. Park, appear in the initial construction stage. c. The basis of funding should faci I itate single ownership, construction and maintenance of a I I common tac i I it i es such as the park, people mover system, etc. 3 2. 7 Administration 3.0 URBAN FORM A. The administration of the 3.1 Introduction implementation process should be the res pons i bi I i ty of a The DGC is planned as a unified complex public official who would be of pub I ic bui I dings, around a central advised by a General Consul park. Each of the components of the tant. DGC wi I I be ind iv id ua I I y designed by architects, engineers and landscape B. The administrator should seek architects who wi 11 be responsible pub I ic participation through for comp I iance with the Design Plan. an information program to achieve wide acceptance of the These criteria deal with the urban Design Plan. design aspects of the development. The purpose is to create a set of c. The project should uti I ize the guide I i nes that can be app I i ed to most advanced techniques the Design Plan of the Government avai I able to monitor the Center and the design of individual scheduling of the project. faci I ities in order to achieve a desirable overal I urban form. D. The administrator should These guide I ines deal with the assist with required inter aspects of human scale, orientation governmental approvals for al I of major structures, proportion the proposed tac i I ity p I ans. and volume relationships. E. The tac i I i ty p I ans of a I I DGC 3.2 Objectives tenants shal I be reviewed and approved by the administrator A. As stated in the general for comp I i ance with the Desi gr, objectives, the Government Plan. Center is a gateway to downtown. 2.8 Review and Approval Therefore, a unique urban form, easily recognizable in the exist /\I I tac i Ii tv I) I ans tor the DGC must ing mosaic, should be created. lie rev ie1veu and approved by a DGC ki1:1i11 i st1~ator or Coordinator. The B. A harmonious relationship among ,:,.,I I owing aspects of the tac i I i ty the various elements that go into design should be particularly creating an urban form should be reviewed: developed compatible with the general design philosophy. A. The major objectives of the Master Plan are met. c. The composition of various ele ments on-site may include a B. The taci I ity designs are singular ground-level focal consistent with the funda point, that could serve as a mental concepts of the DGC reference point. Design Plan. D. Bui I dings should exhibit adhe c. The different levels of pedes rence to certain elements of a trian interface with other DGC vocabulary in terms of proportion taci I ities are wel I coordi and configuration. nated. E. The proposed development should consider aesthetics, insuring 4 a symbiotic relationship between provided adjacent to bui I dings growth and the environment so an onlooker can enjoy the rather than resulting in degra urban-form and inter-relation dation of the environment. ships among buildings. Planned open space should be adhered to F. Due consideration should be with the design of each bui /ding. given to the human scale at the pedestrian I eve I in the design E. Orientation with respect to the of individual bui I dings, as wel I sun must be carefu I I y considered as at the overal I City form level. to minimize solar heat gain and, in case the use of solar energy G. Advantage should be taken of the is proposed, to also maximize bright sunshine in casting shades so Iar radiation on co I I ectors. and shadows in desirable areas at particular times by con- F. Pub/ ic-use spaces could be used trol I ing bui I ding orientations. more extensively if the orienta tion of high-rise structures H. Consideration should be given creates shaded areas. Thus, to energy conservation by the the solar direction, at varying proper orientation of major periods in the daytime, should structures. be taken into account when designing the bcii I dings and 3.3 Guidelines pub I ic-use open spaces. A. A unique physical plan is created with a central park and elevated People Mover System as its primary unifying elements. B. Miami-Dade Commission Chambers, as the single most central 4.0 FACILITY PLANNING function is designated as the faci I ity to serve as a singu 4.1 Introduction lar focal point and therefore is located and should be designed This section deals with the criteria in a way that it serves as a regarding the location of facilities focal point. This focal point on-site and development of a strategy is a point of attraction from for staged construction. a I I major points of access. 4.2 Objectives c. A language of architectural composition that articulates A. The Design Plan should consider the vertical, the horizontal projects already under con and unique sculptural image in struction or planned for con a I I the structures shou Id be struction in the project recognizable. Al I bui I ding vicinity. proportions should be an expres sion of verticality, horizon B. The Design Plan must coordinate tal ity and/or a unique sculp the latest development plans tural qua/ ity. approved for the project area. D. Open space appropriate with the c. The location of bui I dings and height of structures has been faci I ities should be based upon 5 proximity requirements among 3. A m1n1-concourse is the individual faci I ities. planned under the pro posed 1-95 busway to D. Consideration should be given distribute transit patrons to shared common faci I ities more evenly to the northern for a group of governmental end of the DGC. functions for reasons of economy and efficiency. 4. A second mini-concourse is planned at the south E. The impact of DGC traffic ern end of the north movement on the rest of down south station platform town Miami must be considered. that would better serve the cultural center at F. The Design Plan should be the southern end of the coordinated with the other DGC and Flager Street by urban design plans for down using the platform to town Miami. provide an elevated street crossing over N.W. 4.3 Guidelines First Street. A. Projects currently under con B. The Rapid Transit System con struction on the site, such as tains a major interface faci I ity the City of Miami's Pol ice in the DGC area which has been Headquarters, have been consid coordinated with the DGC ered as long-range givens and plan. The transit faci I ity bui It integrally into the plan has been integrated into the of the center. Projects in entire site and is used as a their design sta~e, such as the positive asset. The Rapid State Regional Service Center Transit structures penetrating and Rapid Transit System, have the site wi I I carry moving been considered as givens with vehicles. Vistas from these parameters identified. The elevated vehicles have tb be Design Plan accommodates these considered. plans, working within their parameters with recom c. The relationships among the mendations for revisions or various tenants based on elaboration of those plans as frequencies and magnitude of they would best suit the DGC phys i ca I trave I is considered. development. They include: Faci I ities requiring maximum contact with large numbers of I . Ground I eve I and 20-foot con other faci I ities are more nections from the DGC People centrally located. Mover System to the Pol ice Headquarters and the State D. Though it may not be feasible Regional Service Center. to share common faci I ities Csuch as - word processing, 2. Recommending the uti I ization mai I ing, storage, repro of Air-rights over the duction, etc.) on an inter north-south rapid transit governmental level, it is station for office and com possible to exercise economies mercial faci I ities that of scale at the intra would complement the government level without planned County faci I ities. sacrificing efficiency. It is proposed, however, that Dade 6 County centralize its common B. To establish traffic patterns faci I ities in the DGC County that wi I I a I I ow convenient, precinct. rapid pedestrian and vehicular movement. E. The DGC Master Plan has uti I 1zed the PAD (Planned Area Develop c. To provide easy access to, and ment) Concept, therefore, no egress from, the parking faci Ii density standards are imposed ties. for individual blocks. The overa I I density is comp at i b I e D. To make every major faci I ity with the proposed revisions to in the DGC area closely acces Miam1 's Zonlng Ordinance. sible from the movement systems. E. To provide, as far as possible, for the uninterrupted movement of service vehicles. F. To promote the use of mass transit systems and modes of transportation other than the 5.0 CIRCULATION/MOVEMENT private automobile. 5.1 Introduction 5.3 General Guidelines The fol lowing transportation modes A. A maximum separation between may be used in the movements of different modes of movement is people and goods in the Downtown achieved. Fol lowing is the Government Center area. order of priority of this separation. I. Walking 2. Bicycles I. Between pedestrians and 3. Taxis/Minibuses al I vehlcle modes. 4. People Mover System 5. Buses 2. Between pub I ic and private 6. Rapid Transit System transportation (Buses vs. 7. Automobiles, Scooters, automob i Ie). Motorcycles 8. Trucks 3. Between taxi/minibuses 9. Pneumatic tubes and parklng faci I itles. IO. Escalators and Elevators I I. Conveyors 4. Between bicycles and motorized vehicles. This section deals with the criteria for accommodating these movement B. It is important that the users modes ensuring safety, efficiency do not lose orientation; there and convenience. fore, a clear and efficient traffic and circulation system 5.2 Objectives is provided. A. To provide for safety of al I c. Circulation for arriving the employees and visitors to, vehicles and pedestrians from, or through the Govern should be considered more ment Center. critical than for departing ones. Peak congestions are, 7 however, expected to occur of traffic on ramps or at during employee departing hours. major intersections. D. Traffic signals need not be 5.5 Pedestrian Walkways and Accesses used within the DGC or at grade-separated movement A. Separation of pedestrian from paths. vehicular circulation is essential. E. Vehicular entrances and circu- 1 ation patterns should be B. Direct and safe pedestrian designed so they do not cause approaches should be provided back-ups of traffic on the from al I adjacent streets expressway ramps, rai I road within the DGC area. Minimum crossings or major inter unobstructed width of walkways sections. Adequate stacking should be 5'-0". space on secondary streets and within the parking areas c. Pedestrian crosswalks should should be provided to avoid be emphasized to avoid con back-ups. fusion with other pavement markings. F. Functions generating large trip requirements have been D. Pedestrian bridges should not situated in close proximity to be less than 8 1 -0" in width. the transportation terminals. E. Pedestrian ramps should not 5.4 Vehicle Entrances have any slope greater than I: 12. A. Entrances should be located so vehicular loads are wel I F. Pedestrian crossings must have distributed over a I I traffic good visibi I ity both for faci I ities surrounding the pedestrians and drivers. site. 5.6 Bicycles, Scooters and Motorcycles B. Vehicular entrances less than 150 ft. apart should be avoided along any street. A. Adequate spaces for bicycle, scooter and motorcycle parking c. Separate 1anes within vehicle should be provided close to storage faci I ities are recom parking attendants for better mended for entering and exiting surve i I I ance. vehicles. B. Parking areas for bicycles D. Where the length of parking should be separated from those structures permit, the left for motorcycles and scooters. turns in and out should be separated. IT-possible, left c. Parking areas for bicycles and turns should be eliminated for motorcycles and scooters altogether. should offer provisions for locking. E. The location of parking faci Ii ties should take the proximity D. Separate bicycle circulation of expressway ramps into con may be provided and should sideration. Care should be conform to existing safety taken so there is no back-up standards. 8 5.7 Taxis/Minibuses 6.0 COMPATIBLE DESIGN ELEMENTS Convenient spaces tor taxi-waiting, 6.1 Introduction mini-bus pick-up and drop-oft, and private automobile kiss-and-ride Compatible design elements are tho pick-up and drop-oft should be unifying physical components of the provided. site and individual bui !dings that establish a single unified theme. 5.8 People Mover System It is because of these elements that this development wi I I be Consideration should be given to different from any other. These providing a people mover system - elements include the fol lowing: possibly in the future - to faci Ii tate easy and convenient connections A. Materials - the general cate between major structures, and easy gory of the primary bui I ding access from the transportation material used for the struc terminals. ture and the wa I I s. 5.9 Rapid Transit System B. Proportions - Volumetric enclosures and the external Careful planning of circulation proportions of structures. patterns can enhance the effec tiveness of the Rapid Transit c. Pedestrian Walkways - At grade station. Private entrances into and aerial walkways connecting major bui !dings from the stations different functions. should be considered to permit efficient circulation. D. Landscaping, Graphics and Street Furniture. The rapid transit station locations should be considered a central 6.2 Materials location tor generating trips tor the Government Center. The circu A. Objectives. General criferia lation pattern for the Center tor any material selection are should be we! I integrated with the based primarily on the objec stations' entrances. tives of safety, (which include fire resistance and 5.10 Linkages smoke generation and hazards from dislodgement), dura- Linkages between different func bi I ity, ease of maintenance, tions are important. Except for cost, visual de! ight and service purposes, these I inkages ava i I ab i I i ty. include pedestrian walkways at grade-separated levels and the B. Gui de I i nes. In order to en People Mover system. Linkage sure attainment of the afore should directly connect with said objectives and to guar the vertical circulation core antee the desired degree of in individual structures. visual harmony, a I ist of preferred materials and fin Linkages between any two related ishes is prepared as the structures should be as direct as recommended design palate. possible. The width of the I inkages is a function of the amount and frequency of usage. 9 6.3 Proportions used to design structures with unique qua I ities. A. Objectives. As an elaboration These include the Miami of the Urban Form guide! ine Dade Commission Chambers, (3.20), bui I ding proportions the Library and the Art act as important design compa Museum. ti bi I ity elements. These proportions are honest expres- 6.4 Pedestrian Walkways s ions within the design vocabulary of the three external A. Objectives. It is anticipated attributes of any structure. that various functions on the These are: DGC site wi I I be connected by a network of uninterrupted I. The Vertical pedestrian walkways at dif 2. The Horizontal ferent levels. These pedes 3. The Independent trian walkways can be essen tial unifying physical elements. B. Guide I ines It is therefore the objective that pedestrian walkways and I. Articulation of the plazas be considered as Compa Vertical should be clear tible Design Elements. These and a reasonable height I inkages should provide an to width proportion easy, convenient and pleasant should b'e fol lowed. This connection between functions. proportion should apply to a total structure B. Gui de I i nes and/or major articulated elements of a structure. I. The walkways should be Low pub I ic access bui I dings adequa~ely landscaped should be expressed (see landscape criteria). vert i ca I I y. 2. The levels of entrance 2. Articulation of the hori lobbies in different zontal should also be bui !dings should be clear and a reasonable coordinated with various nroportion in the length planned walkway levels and height ratio should including the People be fol lowed. High pub I ic Mover System. access bui I dings should be expressed hor i zonta I I y. 3. The walkways should be consistent in their 3. Independent aspects of a design and design detai Is total structure or parts in the DGC site. of a structure are appre ciated because of their 4. The walkways should adherence to certain geo provide an easy, short, metrical shape, sculp convenient and clear tural qua! ity or a composi connection between any tion that is visually two functions. These comp I ete a I I by i tse I f. walkways should connect Since this category with the parking faci Ii permits proportions ties, the rapid transit outside of paragraphs terminals, and the People and 2 above, it should be Mover System. 10 6.5 Landscaping, Graphics, Furnishings 7.3 Guidelines The need for uniformity in design A. Large areas - open to the sky, of landscaping, graphic systems, paved and I andscaped - shou Id and furnishings is emphasized in be provided (at ground and/or Section 11 and 12. It is the upper levels), connecting to objective that the graphic system, the DGC Park, rapid transit furnishings and landscape treat system, etc. These areas, ments be compatible with the design though not mentioned speci- philosophy. Criteria set forth in f ica I ly in the program, would 11 and 12 are therefore important serve as meeting spaces, walk to establish a single unified through areas, platforms for theme. dissemination of pub I ic infor mation (pol iticsl and just general urban spaces. 8. Care should be taken in the design of these areas, so hidden areas that may attract crime are eliminated. 7.0 PUBLIC USE SPACES c. Plazas, squares, and parks shou Id be proper I y i I I um i nated 7 .1 Introduction to deter crime. A major difference between a private D. These areas should also serve, commercial development and a large by virtue of their location, government use faci I ity is the as extensions of existing and extent of pub I i c-use spaces. proposed parks, River Walks Private commercial developments and the Flagler Street pedes usually do not provide for signi trian syndrome. ficant public use functions. It is essential that a great deal of E. Shaded areas should be fur pub I ic-use spaces be provided in nished with seating units, the Downtown Government Center. waste receptacles, and appro These pub I ic-use spaces include priate outdoor sculpture. large amounts of terraced, treated, and landscaped areas to serve as F. Open-air outdoor restaurants pub I ic plazas, squares or parks to should be considered to attract faci I itate pub I ic gatherings, patronage in the evenings when recreation and pass-through. weather permits. 7 .2 Objectives A. Provide spaces to serve as pub I ic gathering and waiting spaces that would enhance the qua I ity of downtown Miami and also be used as walk-thro~gh spaces. B. The pub I ic-use spaces should be safe, secure, pleasant and attractive. 11 8.0 SECURITY AND SAFETY D. Entrances to a I I pub Ii c rest rooms should be under the 8.1 Introduction visual survei I lance of guards in the bui I ding lobbies. Dade County has a high incidence of crime. In 1973 the crime rate in E. Special attention should be Miami SMSA was 63.4% above the U.S. given to areas underground or rate. Aggravated assault, violent areas not receiving adequate crime, and robbery are al I in natural light. excess of 100% above the national rate. Potential for crime must be F. Development of retai I-oriented removed. commercial activity should be encouraged since it promotes These criteria deal with the objec security. tives of a Secure Environment and provisions for safety of the people. G. High-level lighting should be The security criteria deal with used in selected areas. the principal security problems inherent in Dade County while the 8.4 Objectives of Safety safety criteria try to minimize accidents in the Downtown Govern Provisions of safety should be ment Center Area. incorporated in the planning and design of each bui I ding and faci I ity 8.2 Objectives of Security to minimize accidents and other potential hazards. Three basic A. Deter C r i me - Fa c i I i t y p I ans types of hazards exist: should be effective in el imina ting the opportunity for com I. Construction related mitting crime. 2. Operation related B. Detect Crime - An appropriate detection system can be employed 3. Maintenance related' to determine when a crime is being committed. 8.5 Criteria for Safety C. Respond to Crime - An effi A. During construction, the cient response system can highest safety standards and minimize injuries due to practices for major pub I ic crime. works projects should be fol lowed and the pub I ic 8.3 Criteria for Security should not be exposed to any extraordinary safety hazards. A. The entire DGC area should be under appropriate security B. Additional consideration guard, 24 hours a day. should be given to the safety of physically handicapped B. Parking areas must have a people. Refer to Section I. I I guard, at least after dark. for more detai Is. c. Electronic survei I lance by low c. High I eve Is of i I I um i nation I ight level closed circuit TV should be provided at points should be considered for of great hazard potential, such enclosed parking areas. as vertical openings and escalators. 12 D. Barriers must be provided at e Wait -- standing position al I places that may result in potential accident. c. The major classifications of di sab i I i ty that sha I I be E. Provisions for fire fighting, considered in making design smoke detection and emergency provisions are: evacuation should be made for the entire area (See specific I. Sight Disabi I ities: provisions in Section 15). Total blindness or impair ments affecting sight to the extent that the individual functioning in pub I ic areas is insecure or exposed to danger. 2. Hearing Disabi I ities: Deafness or hearing 9.0 FACILITIES FOR THE HANDICAPPED handicaps that might make an individual insecure in 9.1 Introduction pub I ic areas due to an inabi I ity to communicate A. Handicapped: Those persons verbally or hear warning whose mobi I ity is I imited, by signals. any di sab i Ii ty, to a degree which tota I I y or part i a I I y 3. lncoordination Oisabi I restricts their abi I ity to use i t i es : Fa u I t y coo r- pub I ic faci I ities but not d in at ion or palsy from their abi I ity to leave home. bra i n , s p i na I or per i - pheral nerve injury. B. Implied in the definition is Persons with these dis the concept of functional abi I ities are adversely disabi I ity which is the decreased affected by standard ab i I i ty or tota I i nab i I i ty of system operation which a person to perform a function requires a normal degree required for the use of a of coordination, such as: pub I ic faci I ity such as: boarding rapid transit train, podium circu Travel more than two (2) lation, riding on ele • b I ocks vator. Optimization of the general design cri Se I f-prope I I ed level teria wi 11 aid those with • change such di sab i I it i es. Sit down, stand up, 4. Aging: Those manifes • stoop, crouch tations of the aging process that signi Reach, handle, grasp ficantly reduce mobi I ity, • f I ex i bi I i ty, coo rd i nation Identify visual and and perception, but are • audible clues not accounted for in the other handicapped cate • Move in crowds gories . 13 5. Semi-Ambulatory Dis- 2. Such walks shal I be of a abi I ities: Impairments continuing common surface, that cause individuals to not interrupted by steps require the use of braces or abrupt changes in or crutches such as I eve I. amputees, arthritics, and spastics, pregnant women, 3. Wherever walks cross over and those with pulmonary walks, driveways or and cardiac i I Is may be parking lots they should considered semi- blend to a common level. ambu I atory for purposes of the Government Center. 4. Walks or driveways should have a non-slip surface. 6. Non-Am bu I atory: Impair ments that, regardless of c. Parking Lots cause or manifestation, for all practical pur I. Parking spaces that are poses confine individuals accessible to faci I ity to wheelchairs. entrances should be set aside and identified for 9.2 Objectives use by individuals with physical disabi I ities. These criteria are intended to make One percent of al I the all buildings and facilities used parking spaces provided by the pub I ic accessible to, and should be reserved for functional for, the physically the physically handi handicapped. These persons are to capped. be accommodated to, through, and within the faci I ities, without loss 2. Parking spaces for the of function, space, or the amenity physically disabled where the general pub I ic is con should open on one side, sidered. The objective, therefore, al lowing room for indi is to provide for the classi viduals in wheel chairs fications of disabi I ities, mentioned or individuals on braces above in 9. I, establishing a great and crutches to get in concern for safety of I ife and I imb, and out of an automobile accessibi I ity and functional use. onto a level surface, suitable for wheeling and 9.3 Guidelines walking. A. Site Development. The grading 3. Parking spaces for physi of ground so that it is level ca I I y d i sa b I ed peop I e with a bui I ding entrance makes should be at least 12 1 O" a faci I ity accessible to wide. individuals with physical disabi I ities. 4. Care in planning should be exercised so that B. Walks individuals in wheel chairs and individuals I. Pub I ic walks should be at using braces and crutches least 48 inches wide and are not compel led to should have a gradient wheel or walk behind not greater than 5%. parked cars. 14 5. The spaces for use by the means of elevators at al I disabled should be distri transit levels. buted according to the frequency and persistency G. Graphics and Signals of parking needs. I. Special graphics shal I be D. Structures provided for identifi I. Ramps shal I not have a cation of handicapped s I ope greater than I in faci I ities including 12 or 8.33%. The ramp symbol and/or color structure sha I I be of a methods as wel I as non-slip surface. The complete information ramp should have a hand systems to aid first time rai I at least on one side users and visitors. that is 32" in height and These should include that conforms with the brai I le information American Safety Code Al2- systems at the Rapid l 932. The ramps should Transit Station. have level platforms at 30-foot intervals for 2. Audible warning signals purposes of rest and shal I be accompanied by safety. simultaneous visual sig nals for the benefit of 2. At least one primary en those with hearing dis trance and almost al I abi I ities at the Rapid exits to and from each Transit Station. bui I ding shal I be usable by individuals in wheel 3. Visual signals shal I be chairs. At least one accompanied by simulta entrance usable by such neous audible signals for individuals shal I be at a the benefit of the bl ind level that would make the at the Rapid Transit elevators accessible. Station. 3. Staircases sha I I conform 4. Potential hazards such as to American Standard manholes, access panels A9. 1-1953 with additional and barricades should be consideration to nosing obviated by appropriate detai Is and handrai I warning devices. heights. H. Special consideration shal I be E. Toi let Rooms, water fountains, given to achieving the highest and pub I ic telephones, in I ighting levels in areas where numbers and at locations as the greatest potential danger determined by the frequency exists, such as at edges, and persistency of need, should ra i Ii ngs, esca I ators, veh i- be provided with special pro cu Iar crossings, etc. to aid visions (height, accessibi I ity those with sight disabi I ities and size) for their use by who a re not tot a I I y b I ind. handicapped persons. F. The Rapid Transit S~~tion shal I be accessible to the physically handicapped by 15 10.0 SITE LIGHTING B. Fixtures and I ighting compo nents shal I be standardized 10.1 Introduction throughout the Center to the greatest extent possible for Lighting is one of the means by reasons of economy, ease of which an image of soothing comfort, replacement and visual uni pleasantness, clean I iness and formity. security can be provided. These criteria are intended as a guide to c. I I I um i nation I eve Is for s i mi Ia r photometric performance, component areas throughout the Center design and selection of I ighting should be standardized. This, equipment to achieve the desired however, does not preclude standards of performance. variations in i I lumination levels to add interest or 10.2 Objectives promote orientation or direc tion. The fol lowing are the general objectives for I ighting design in D. Non-corroding metal should be the Downtown Government Center used, with adequate protection Site. against galvanic action between dissimilar metals. A Environment - of comfort, pleasantness, clean I iness, E. Light patterns and sign i I I um i na security and safety. tion shal I be used to aid in orientation, and to focus B. Visual Discipl lne - orderly attention at danger areas system of I ighting fixtures. (stairs, escalators, podium edges, plaza openings, hidden c. Integrated Plan - I ighting corners, etc.) and at decision design should be integrated areas (turning points, etc.). with the total Master Plan and its characteristics. F. It is important that a reason able level of i I lumination D. TransJtional Changes - abrupt level be provided at any place I ighting level changes between that may be susceptible to any two areas (mainly indoor crime. and outdoor) should be avoided so that the transition is G. Lights that produce glare gradual. should be discouraged. E. Durabi I ity - long and econo H. Lighting in the parking areas mica I service without losing should uti I ize a minimum performance qua I ity. number of poles and be coor dinated with landscaping to F. Ease of Maintenance - stand avoid blockage. ardization and vandal proof. I. Lighting arrangements for 10.3 Guidelines pedestrian walkways should be based on a number of low A. Lighting should function as an intensity I ights rather than a e f feet i ve system under a I I few high intensity sources. conditions of weather and vanda I ism. J. Specially I ighted sicins when neeued, should be back I it as 16 they are more easily seen at scaping such as, rocks, pebbles, night than surface i I luminated sand, etc. Water could also be an signs. important element in the land scaping plans. 10.4 Illumination Levels 11.2 Objectives Optimum levels of i I lumination: A. Enhance the visual experience Pedestrian walkways 3 foot candles of visiting the faci I ities. Parking areas 2 foot candles Entrance and Exit B. Provide a relief against solar Roadways 2 foot candles glare and shade for user Bus loading-unloading comfort. areas 5 foot candles Taxi Waiting Space 5 foot candles C. Ameliorate the micro-climate Bui I ding Entrance in al I feasible ways. Areas-Night 10 foot candles Day 30 foot candles D. Create urban landscaped spaces Enclosed Passageways 20 foot candles to attract pub I ic use and stimulate leisure time activity. These criteria are a guide to optimum levels for safety and convenience. E. Provide sound buffers and dif I I lumination levels should be higher fusers to disperse undesirable at bui I ding entrances in the day I ight noise from the rapid transit hours to minimize the otherwise system. abrupt change from outdoors to in doors. The use of photoelectric 11.3 Guidelines eel Is for the operation of addi tional I ighting fixtures should be A. Landscaping should be used to considered as a means to achieve enhance the experience of this objective. visiting the faci I ities through the transition spaces. Most of the pedestrian walkways, plazas, and open waiting spaces should be appropriately land scaped. B. Urban spaces, profusely land scaped with furniture for 11.0 LANDSCAPING waiting and seating should be provided in the midst of main 11.1 Introduction activity areas as relief spaces. This section establishes the basic design criteria applicable to the c. Landscaped mal Is should be landscape development for the DGC created, where possible, area. Landscaping shal I consist of integrating the retai I shopping any of the fol lowing or combination areas, restaurants and entrances thereof: material such as, but not to major faci I ities. I imited to grass, ground covers, shrubs, hedges, trees or D. The use of water and fountains palms; and non-I iving durable as landscape elements should material commonly used in land- be considered. 17 E. Large paving areas should be these guide I ines into consideration avoided. Smaller areas may be in the early design stages so that defined with plantings or graphics wi I I become an i ntegra I change of materials. part of the Complex. F. Plant materials should be 12.2 Objectives selected for optimum year round attractiveness of form, A. To provide orientation and foliage, bark, fruit, dura- information to aid the users b i Ii ty, maintenance, and in directional decision making. seasonal color variations. B. To channel visitors through G. Parking areas open to the sky the Center in an efficient and (if any) must be landscaped. uncomplicated manner. In general, where landscape elements are used they should c. To warn the users of any be massed rather than scattered potential hazards of safety. thinly. D. To make clear the routes of H. Landscape I i ght i ng shou Id be fast and safe exits. used to provide safety, to ensure visibi I ity, to give E. To make clear al I special direction, to complement and faci I ities and their location accentuate the structure and for persons with physical to create a warm visual atmos di sab i I it i es. phere. c I • To provide the Complex with I. Consideration should be given vi sua I interest, co Ior and an to adequately landscaping the identity. roofs of low-rise bui I dings so (' as to create a pleasant view \). To unite the entire Complex from ta! !er bui I dings and also into one uniform graphic · to reduce the heat and glare system. from the sun. H. To establish a color code for various governmental agencies for reasons of consistency and easy identification. 12.3 General Criteria A. Signs should be kept to the 12.0 GRAPHICS/SIGNAGE/FURNISHINGS minimum necessary for visitor guidance. Signs should rein 12.1 Introduction force but not compete with the architectural elements and This section deals with the main landscaping in identifying principles and basic requirements entrances, exits, and movement for graphics in the bounds of the corridors. Downtown Government Center. The criteria are based on the need for 8. The message on the graphic a uniform graphic system through signs should be simple, clear out. The general consultant and and concise for easy under faci I ity designers should take standing. The more widely 18 accepted international symbols 2. Agency map - This map and signs should be employed. should be in each govern ment prec i net and wi I I c. Signage should be placed at explain the various key points of separation and functions housed in the at intervals frequent enough prec i net. to al low unsure patrons to find their way confidently. I. Fol lowing is a partial I ist of s i gnage that wi I I be needed: D. Signage designs and their relative placements should be I. Pub I ic Telephones uniform in the entire Govern 2. Intercom Phones ment Center to aid in imme 3. Signs for handicapped diate recognition by the user. 4. CI ocks 5. Bu I let in Boards E. A logo should be developed for 6. No Smoking Signs the Downtown Government Center. 7. Warning Signs at Crossings, This logo should be a unifying etc. and identifying graphic symbol 8. Rapid Transit Signs to be used not only within the 9. Taxi Signs Center but also used elsewhere IO. Minibus Signs in the city as a symbol for I I. Parking Lots directing people to the DGC 12. No Parking Signs site. This logo could also be used on uniforms, buses, and J. Site furnishings wi 11 include car pool vehicles etc. This seating units, waste recep symbol should be clear and tacles and drinking fountains. simple enough to be imme diately recognizable at a These furnishings sha I I be provided distance. in appropriate numbers and at reg ular intervals at all levels 9+ pedestrian p I azas and I andscaped F. A single typeface of lettering areas. They sha I I be comp at i b I e (preferably Halvetica Medium) and uniform in design, vandal-proof should be selected for use in and require low maintenance. al I graphic signage in the Comp Iex. G. Color coding the signage system would be a great visual asset. Color coding could be according to the content category Ci .e., County, State, Federal, City, etc.). 13.0 PARKING FACILITIES H. Information maps. Two types 13.1 Introduction of information maps should be used in the DGC. This section deals with the design of the parking faci I ities in the I . DGC ma p - Th i s map wi I I DGC area. Parking faci I ities are be primarily for the classified into two categories visitors indicating the according to use. location of various government agencies in the DGC. 19 I. Employee Parking (Long that are fu I I, or shou Id Term) be a fully automated mechanical parking system. 2. Visitor Parking (Short Term) 2. Ninety-degree parking is preferred with angle 13.2 General Objectives parking used only where space is very restricted. A. Parking faci I ities shou Id be Parking designs must located convenient to the use fol low the minimum required areas. standards of Metropolitan Dade County. B. Adequate, but not abundant. parking should be provided. 3. Fifteen percent of the spaces may be reserved c. The design of the parking for compact cars only. faci I ity should minimize any These spaces should be potential health hazards due very c)early marked. to emission of fumes and oi I spi I I age. 4. Parking faci I ities for bicycles and motorcycles D. Priority should be given to should be provided close the pedestrian, and his rela to the location of the tionship with the ground, over parking attendant for the automobile. better survei I lance. E. Parking faci I ities should be 5. It is important that an conveniently accessible to acceptable air qua I ity be transportation arteries. maintained within the parking faci I ity and the F. Security of the patrons should immediate area. If be considered. necessary, forced mech anica I ventilation may 13.3 Criteria have to be used as a means to achieve an A. Employee Parking spaces should acceptable air qua I ity be marked and reserved so that I eve I. no time is spent looking for a space. 6. A mechanical parking garage is proposed on the B. The capacity of al I parking concept of material- garages should not exceed DGC hand I i ng and storage to parking demand. achieve maximum effi ciency. Mechanical c. Design of the faci I ities: garages should be so designed that their peak I. Parking design should be hour delivery rate is at based on a simple, non least 60% of the capacity disorienting and effi of the garage. cient flow of cars. Parking ramps should either be on a separate structural core to permit bypassing those floors 20 14.0 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES c. Haphazard installation of vending machines and conces 14.1 Introduction sion booths is prohibited. Certain convenience commercial D. Restaurant faci I ities should faci I ities are planned in the DGC. be wel I distributed around the These commercial faci I ities include: DGC for uniform usage. attended concession booths, retai I stores, restaurants, walk-up banking, E. Advertising should be I imited vending machines, etc. and restricted to certain control led areas. 14.2 Objectives F. If commercial faci I ities are A. To provide commercial faci Ii integral with certain govern ties and space for concessions ment bui I dings, then provision for the convenience of DGC for a private service entrance employees and visitors. should be made. B. To ensure that concession G. Commercial faci I ities should operations do not interfere be cperational as late in the with main pedestrian circu evening as possible. lation. I. DGC map - This map wi I I c. To provide a possible source be primarily for the of revenue for the Downtown visitors indicating the Government Center tenants. location of various government agencies in D. To provide a source of new the DGC. employment. 2. Agency map - This map E. To promote additional security should be in each govern through increased survei 1- ment precinct and wil I lance. explain the various functions housed in the F. To assure coordination in the precinct. design of commercial adver tising and displays. I. Following is a partial 1.ist of s i gnage that wi I I be needed: 14.3 Guidelines A. For the convenience of the I. Pub I ic Telephones users and to the benefit of 2. Intercom Phones the retailers, shopping faci Ii 3. Signs for handicapped ties should be adjacent to the 4. Clocks main pedestrian circulation flows 5. Bu I leti n Boards but they should not obstruct 6. No Smoking Signs pedestrian movement. 7. Warning Signs at Crossings, etc. B. The design of structures for 8. Rapid Transit Signs concessions should be integral 9. Taxi Signs with the design of the Govern I 0. Minibus Signs ment Center. Necessary adver I I. Parking Lots tising and signage should be 12. No Parking Signs uni form. 21 J • Site furnishings will include Standards and protection seating units, waste recep criteria set by the South tacles and drinking fountains. Florida bui I ding code and meet the approval of the Fire These furnishings shal I be Marsha I I. provided in appropriate numbers and at regular intervals at al I D. Water Supply-Water supply for levels of pedestrian plazas standpipes sha I \ fo I I ow the and landscaped areas, accord fol lowing standards: ing to the design. They shal I be compatible and uniform in Buildings up to 75' in height - design, vandal-proof and 100 g.p.m. require low maintenance. Bui I dings up to 275 1 in height - 750 g.p.m. Bui I dings higher than 275' - Fol low NFPA 14 standards. E. Pressure-The water supply shal I be sufficient to main tain 65 pounds residual pres sure at the topmost standpipe 15.0 AUXILIARY FACILITIES outlet with the required quantity of water flowing. 15.1 Introduction F. Fire Pumps-Fire pumps should Auxiliary facilities are be provided, if necessary, to essent i a I I y the maintenance maintain the minimum pressure and service faci I ities needed for f i re f Iow . to operate the Downtown Govern ment Center. The criteria for G. Fire Hydrants-An adequate these faci I ities are very number of Fire Hydrants as genera I in nature and the required by N~PA should be appropriate bui I ding codes provided. shou Id be fo I I owed for the design of individual struc 15.3 Emergency Power tures. A. Emergency power generation 15.2 Fire Fighting Provisions faci I ities are centralized to produce economies in initial A. Accessibi I ity-AI I bui I dings on cost and maintenance. the OGC should be accessible to fire-fighting vehicles. A B. Emergency power generation minimum clearance of 12 1 -0" faci I ities should be located should be provided under any a I ong with other ut i I it i es in overhead structure. the central uti I ity plant for better service. B. Dispersal-The central park wi I I serve as the di spersa I 15.4 Air Conditioning and Domestic area from al I the bui I dings in Hot Water case of fire. A. If possible, cooling towers c. Bui I ding Designs-The indivi shou Id be centra I i zed and dual bui I ding designs shal I placed away from main pedes meet al I the Fire-Resistance trian circulation areas. 22 Cooling towers may be construc 15.9 Ground Maintenance Facilities ted on parking structure roofs. Adequate storage space for ground maintenance tools and B. The domestic hot water system implements is planned at should uti I ize heat recovery selected locations within the from return air conditioning service level of the Dade condenser water for preheating County Precinct. purposes. C. Air conditioning for each bui I ding shal I be centralized in the Centra I Ut i I i ty p I ant. 15.5 Car Pools Carpools are located on the perimeter of the site in close proximity to major government buildings. Parking in these areas should be I imited to interagency carpools and other special requirements. 15.6 Mail Sorting and Handling Each DGC tenant wi I I have its own mai I hand I ing and sorting rooms within the separate OGC precincts. One or more smal I stamp dispensing faci I ity is planned in the DGC commercial areas. 15. 7 Service Chutes If found necessary, consid eration should be given to a pneumatic tube delivery system within the DGC to handle al I inter-bui I ding paper communi cations. This system could uti I ize the planned people mover system as the spine for its movement. 15.8 Solid Waste The compacting of sol id waste on-site should be considered at the bui I ding source. Paper shredders should also be considered in al I bui I dings that generate large volumes of paper. 23 The following people have provided special assistance and valued guidance. George J. Acton, Jr., Director, City of Miami Planning Department Paul Andrews, City Manager, City of Miami Ted Baker, Landscape Architect Alf 0. Barth, Chief Architect, Metropolitan Dade County Edward Bel I, Administrative Assistant, Metropolitan Dade County Wi I I iam T. Broderick, Project Manager, Metropolitan Dade County Wi 11 iam H. Capes, Chief, Operational Planning Staff, Federal GSA Dennis Carter, Assistant to the County Manager, Metropolitan Dade County Andrew P. Crouch, Assistant City Manager, City of Miami R. Ray Goode, County Manager, Metropolitan Dade County Richard A. La Baw, Director, Department of Offstreet Parking Kevin MacNaughton, Operations Engineer, Dade County Dept. of Traffic & Transportation Joseph McMannus, City of Miami Planning Department Aristedes Mi I las, Instructor, University of Miami B. P. Nuckols, Jr., Right-of-Way Engineer, Dade County Dept. of Pub I ic Works Lester C. Pancoast, Architect E. Rand Preston, Assistant Transportation Coordinator, Dade County David D. Rhinard, Transportation Planning Engineer, Dade County Dept. of Traffic & Transportation Trip Russell, Russell-Wooster, Architects and Planners Edward F. Sintz, Director of Dade County Pub I ic Libraries J.E. Smith, Regional Commissioner, Pub I ic Bui I dings Service, Federal GSA Reginald Walters, Director, Metropolitan Dade County Planning Department Lucius Wi I I lams, Executive Director, Downtown Development Authority Mitchel Wolfson, Chairman, Offstreet Parking Board City and County Department Heads for their assistance in completing space requirement questionnaires. Connell Metcalf & Eddy Credits Stephen C. Little Principal-in-Charge Stephen Roth Project Manager Ranbir Singh Urban Design Team Leader Phi I Rizzo Designer David Wo I fberg Designer Bl I I Henderson Designer Robert Bielek Traffic and Transportation Otis Grannis Utilities Richard Darlow Environmental Analysis CI i fford Repperger Draftsman Marcos Carvajal Graphic Design Raul Chaumont, Jr. Graphics Patrick Barthet Word Processing , landscape . The maj o r compo ne n l r prov i de a r est fu l, attract i ve a nd o f the DGC progr am are pl a nned aest he ti ca ll y pleas ing env ironmen t a round th i s pa r k. f he par k a lso in dow ntown areas . est ab I i s hes a edest r i an I i r,K