Volume 2007 Article 32

2007

American Indian Pottery from Historic Period Sites in North Louisiana

Hiram F. Gregory Unknown

George Avery [email protected]

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Cite this Record Gregory, Hiram F. and Avery, George (2007) "American Indian Pottery from Historic Period Sites in North Louisiana," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2007, Article 32. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2007.1.32 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2007/iss1/32

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This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2007/iss1/32 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 33

AMERICAN INDIAN POTTERY FROM IDSTORIC PERIOD SITES IN NORTH LOUISIANA

H.l•. "Pete" Gregory and George Avery

The following is a revised version of a presentation given at the annual meeting of the Louisiana Archaeological Society (LAS) held in Monroe, Louisiana, on March 4, 2006 (Gregory and A very 2006). The goal of the LAS presentation was to simply show photographs and iJiustrations of American Indian pottery that dates to the historic period in North Louisiana. Most of the photographs and illustrations are from a manuscript written by H.F. "Pete" Gregory entitled Los Adaes ( 16N A 16) American Indian Ceramics (2005). This manuscript was compiled by George A very as part of the Los Adaes Station Archaeology Program, funded entirely by the Louisiana Division of Archaeology. The LAS presentation was given again at the December 2, 2006 meeting of the East Texas Caddo Research Group (ETCRG) at Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Revisions to the LAS presentation for the current publication were made as a result of comments from the ETCRG meeting.

It should be noted that we are following R. K. Harris' definition for "Emory Punctated" (Story et al. 1967: 136-139). Emory Punctated as defined by Harris at the Gilbert Site (41RA13) refers to constricted neck vessels with two or more rows of puncta.tes around the neck, and parallel curvilinear lines below the rows of punctates. We describe the sherds with one or more rows of punctations around the neck of a constricted neck vessel that lack incised lines below the row(s) of punctates as simply "Constricted Neck Punctated". As defined by Harris, certain elements of Emory Punctated are similar to those found on Foster Trailed Incised and Winterville Incised, var. Tunica vessels (see Gir'Md 2006:28-29). Also, the constricted neck punctated forms are similar to the Tunica Mode described by Jeffrey Brain which occurs on Winterville Incised, var. Tunica (Brain 1979:234-235). Brain (1979:229) also illustrates an otherwise plain vessel with a Tunica mode from the Trudeau site (16WF25). The current interpretation of Emory Punctated for Texas materials (e.g. Perttula 2005: 186) differs from the interpretation of Emory Punctated for Los Adaes materials (Gregory 2005). The Emory Punctated at Los Adaes was graciously referred to as "Louisiana Emory" at the ETCRG by a Texas colleague. Clearly, a more thorough investigation and discussion of the "overlap" between Emory Punctated, Foster Trailed Incised, Winterville Incised, and the Tunica Mode is in order, and hopefuJly the following presentation will spark such investigation and discussion.

The following presentation starts with a distribution table for various historic period pottery types along with their geographic distribution. and the names of the American Indian groups that were in these areas during the historic period. The pottery is presented starting with examples of engraved surface Lreatment, followed by incised, punctated, punctated-incised, combed, plain, and plain with European influences. It should be noted that many of the "plain" examples exhibit a single incised line or raised area around the neck, which effectively separates the rim and body. Frank Schambach described the upper/lower delineation for decorated Caddo pottery as the "Rule of Two." Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 34

The "Rule of Two" also seems to be present on wares that have no other surface design clements except for the upper/lower delineation in the form of an incised line or raised area. Such vessels are described here as "Rule of Two" Plain, which are present at Los Adaes, the Trudeau site ( 16WF25) (Brain 1979:229-231 ), and the Procello site (16DS212) (Espey, Huston & Associates 1983: Figure 26a). Finally, plain wares with European influences are depicted, such as the pitcher, plate, and porringer forms, and the foot ring attribute.

We wish to thank the following for their help:

Jeff Girard, NW Louisiana Regional Archaeologist Louisiana Division of Archaeology

Bobby Gonzalez, NAGPRA Coordinator Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma

Earl Barbry, Jr., NAGPRA Coordinator Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana

Gary Hardamon, NSU Supervisor of Photography under contract with the NW Louisiana Regional Archaeology Program

SheHy Witten and Josh Martin, NSU Anthropology Majors, Artifact Illustrators employed by the Los Adaes Station Archaeology Program

References Cited

Brain, Jeffrey P. 1979 Tunica Treasure. The Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Peabody Museum of Salem, Salem, Massachusetts.

Espey, Huston, & Associates 1983 The Archaeologicallnvesli~alion ofthe Louis Procello Site, 16DS212, DeSoto Parish, Louisiana. Document No. 82360, EH&A Job No. 1731. Espey, Huston, & Associates, Austin, Texas.

Girard, Jeffrey S. 2006 Regional Archaeology Proxram. Mana~emenl Unit 1. Seventeenth Annual Report 2006. Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 35

Gregory, H.F. 2005 Los Adaes (16NA16) American Indian Ceramics. Manuscript compiled by George Avery, Los Adaes Station Archaeologist. Dept. of Social Sciences, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches.

Gregory, H.F. "Pete" and George A very 2006 Using American Indian Pottery to Identify Historic Period Sites in Northwest Louisiana. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Louisiana Archaeological Society, Monroe, Louisiana, March 4, 2006.

Perttula, Timothy K. 2005 Winston's Mounds and Shawnee Town: Mound Explorations by the Bureau of Ethnology in Texas, 1882-1884. Bulletin ofthe Texas Archeological Society 76: 183-188.

Story, Dee Ann; Byron Barber, Estalee Barber, Evelyn Cobb, Hershel Cobb, Robert Coleman, Kathleen Gilmore, R.K. Harris, and Nonna Hoffrichter 1967 Pottery Vessels. Bulletin oftheTexas Archeological Society 37: 112- 188.

Webb, Clarence H. 1945 A Second Historic Caddo site at Natchitoches, Louisiana. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 16:52-83. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 36

Table 1. Distribution of Historic Period American Indian Pottery in North Louisiana

Natchitoches/NW Ouachita Area Lower Red River Tribal Groups Tribal Groups Tribal Groups Natchitoches, Adaes Ouachita Avoyel Yatasi, Natchez Koroa Tunica-Biloxi Choctaw, Apalachee Choctaw (later) Coushatta Pascagoula {later) Pottery Type/Description Keno Trailed X X X (rare) Natchitoches, Engraved X X X Patton Engraved X (rare) 0 0 Emory Punctated X 0 0 Ebarb Incised X 0 0 Fatherland Incised X X X Chickachae Combed X 0 0 Coushatta "Pie Edge" rims X 0 0 Zimmerman Plain X 0 0 Constricted Neck Punctated X 0 X "Rule of Two" Plain X X X Plain with European Influences X 0 X Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 37

Q\

\0~ ~ .... C) ~ - ~ .g~ ,..::: ~ tl3 ~ ~ ~ c3 ,..::: .~.._. ~ Williamson Museum Natchitoches Engraved (Webb 1945)

...... g e.3 Q, cz ::4 ~

c?X ~ V> );>. n ~ 0 0 0 (fQ ~ z 9 N ,-.,. "'N x :::s '-'

Gary Hardamon w 00 em Lawto1t Gin 16NA13 JournaJ of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 39 Natchitoches Engraved (Gregory 2005 1ns.)

31.8 em 18.0 em ._ 0 =a a 0...... , z 0 ::1 ::r ~ ~ ~ ...... : (1). ;>< ~ "'> () ::r ~ (') Q. 0 00 '::! 8.3cm ~ N 0\ ...-.., N § '-'

Shelly Witten

~ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NAJ6 Natchitoches Engraved (Gregory 2005 ms.)

34.8 em ~ '-- 0 c:: 3 ~ 0 -+, z

g~ en ~ ;3

en~ > ~ ::r ~ Q. 0 ~ z 0 N 0\ 34.2 em ...... N ._,.§

~ Red slipped - shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Natchitoches Engraved (Gregory 2005 ms.)

...._ 0 c ~ 0...... , z g.0 ~ ~ -V>

iV> > Ci ::r ~ 2. 0 ()"Q ~ t ~ -N .._..§

Red slipped

.+:o­ N shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Natchitoches Engraved (Gregory 2005 ms.)

.... 0 c: 3 ~ 0...., ~ ::l. ::r ~ tl) !;I) ~- )< tl) !;I) > 8

r0 ~ z 9 ~ § '--"

~ f.....) shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Patton Engraved (Gregory 2005 ms.)

..... 0 c: 3 ~ 13.52 em 0.....,

0z ;:4 ::r ~ Po) Vl- ~ >< Pol '-" ;_)> (i ::r ~ Shelly Witten 8 0 (JQ ':< ~ N "' -N 0 ...... s

t Los Adaes 16NA16 Ebarb Incised (Gregory 2005 ms.)

26.0 em

'- 0 c: e.3 0...... , ~ ::r~ &g .-(I) -3 0 >< p) (I) > 8 ::r ~ 2.. Shelly Witten 0 (]Q ';:: z 0 23.4 em N 0'- .--.... N 8 -l '-'

Shelly Witten +:a­ VI shell and bone tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Journal of N"orthcast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 46

-a ...aJ c.aJ E .....aJ aJ c .c0 -a c RS -GJ .c Cl) (Gregory 2005 ms.) Ebarb Incised

25.8 em

0'c :J §. ~ ~ g. 0 Po) (ll...... _, Shelly Witten ~ Po) (ll > ~ -=- 22.1 em ~ 0 0 0'0 ~ t N .-...0\

.._,.§ Shelly Witten

Shelly Witten

~ Los Adaes 16NA16 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 48 ~ ~ \Q !: ~ l') ~ ~ ~ ~ \Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -g ~ ~ E () "'! ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~

~ ...... ~ §; .-o ..Q Q) :;;;:: ~ ~ r/1 ...... - tf ~ ·~ u ..Q ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ .-ero ,.D ~ Constricted Neck Punctated (Gregory 2005 ms.)

19.3 em -~ '-- 0 r::: 3 ~ Q., z ~ ~ ~...... ;3 >I ~ (I) ~ Ci ::r' ~ 2...... ·:;.~ .. ·~ ...... ,., 0 OQ - ':<

0z N 0\ ,..-.,. Shelly Witten , N -§

~ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Constricted Neck Puncta ted (Gregory 2005 ms.)

15.6cm

~ .,::: e.:::1 0...... z 0 ~ :;;,­ ~ t.) .....Cl) ~ ~ ~ Cl) Shelly Witten > ~:::r Q,)g 0 ~ z 9 ~ ,-... § ......

VI Shelly Witten 0

1.-n.{t A dae.{t 16 N A 16 (Gregory 2005 ms.) Constricted Neck Punctated

25.2 em ..... 0 c 3 ~ 0....., z g~ ~ ~ X ~ )> ~ [ 2.. 0 ~ z 9 tv 0\ Shelly Witten ...... tv

...... ,§

V\ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NAJ6 Constricted Neck Punctated (Gregory 2005 ms.)

17.2 em

.._ =0 ~ 0...... , z 0 ::r~ &.....

~:>< Q:l .··· .•·.· N :: )·•, .··.····: :····· •.. :. ~ · ···.··•·· i· :: {:;,(~X; Cll g.> ~ . ·. 2...... 0 cro ~ z 9 N -····'·· .... .:·.• i . ;: .. :. 0'1 ~&;,,;L:: ' ~}\,; -;::) § ...... Shelly Witten

Ul N shell tempered Los Adaes 16NAJ6 (Gregory 2005 ms.) Constricted Neck Punctated

...... 0 c 16.8 em 13.8 em 3 e?.. sa. z 0 ~ g ,...tl) ~ ~ > ~ Shelly Witten ::r She/(y Witten ~ Q. 0 ~ z 9 ~ -N ..._..§

wVI Los Adaes 16NA16 (Gregory 2005 ms.) Constricted Neck Punctated

10.5 em

0' c:: 3 ~ 0...... , z 0 :::::1 ::r 0 c..> ,....Cl> -1 0 >< c..> Cl> ;> Shelly Witten (i :r c..> 0 0 0 00 '< 8.5cm z ? N 0\ .....--. N 0 0 _..-...J

Shelly Witten Vl ~ Los Adaes 16NA16 Emory Punctated (Gregory 2005 ms.)

18.7 em

<.... 0 c 3 ~ S, z 0 .:l ::r ~ l!a

~)< ~ :/) ;:J> Shelly Witten M :r ~ 0 0 ~ ':;< t N 0'1 N -§ '--"

Shelly Witten Vl Vl Los Adaes 16NA16 (Gregory 2005 ms.) Emory Punctated

8.4cm ...... 13.0 em 0 c:: ~ ....,0 z 0s. (l) ~ ....[I) ~ ~ Vl Shelly Witten > ::r~ Shelly Witten [ 0 (1:1 indeterminate ':;< ~ N 01 ~ N § '-"

V\ Shelly Witten 01 Los Adaes 16NA16 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 57 ~ :::: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \0 ~ =: t:: ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E 1.... :.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \..) a =: :.... ~ ;S :::: ~ Emory Punctated (Gregory 2005 ms.)

15.5 em .._ 0 3= !::.. 0...... z 0 ::t :::r ~ V) ~

;><~ ~ V) > ~ :::r ~ 0 0 00 ~ z 9 tv 0\ tv -§ '-'

Shelly Witten

VI 00 Los Adaes 16NA16 Fatherland Incised Williamson Museum

0' c:: e.3 0 -+; ~ ~ ;:;r ~ :4 ~ X Q,) Vl )> (i ;:;r Q,) (";) Q. 0 00 :< ~ ~ .- § ......

Gary Hardamon

VI \0 Etheridge, Caldwell Parish Journal of Northeast Tex.as Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 60 ~ ~ E 'C ~ tr) ~ ~ ~ ~ \Q ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "- c~ ~

'"0 0) ~ 00 .....~ ·~ f£ u ~ ~ ~ ...t::: ~ Cl') '"0 ~ C\$ ~ ~ C) ,.0 ~ ~ ~ Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 61 ~ ~ \Q :: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \Q ~ C: ~ ~ ~ ~ .g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

E () ''Rule of Two'' Plain Wares (Gregory 2005 ms.)

._ 0 169cm c: 3 ~ 0 '"'+) :z 0 ;:l ::r ~ ...., ~- ><- ~ tn > c:l =-~ ~ Q. 0 ~ :z 9 N "' -§ '-'

~ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 63

~ ~ \Q E ~ lr) ~ ~ \Q~ ~ ~ ~ c. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

. "C rJJ C1) Q) I- C1) ~ Q. ~ E ~ ....,aJ -aJ ~ .c ·~ "' ~ ,...... ( ~ r- r- 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 Q) ,...... ( E 0 ~

...... 0c:: :3a g, z g.0 g .....Vl -: ~· C) Vl > M ::r 8 0 0'0 '::. z 9 N 0\ ...... ~ .._.8 .

Josh Martin

~ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 ''Rule of Two'' Plain Wares (Gregory 2005 ms.)

._ 0 c 3 . . ~ g,- z 0 gs. (n..... ;3 >< ~ . _... _\. .J.• Oo >o . L ... Cll > ::rCi ~ 0 0 0 00 ::;< z 9 ~ § Josh Martin '-"

0\ VI shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 ''Rule of Two'' Plain Wares (Gregory 2005 ms.)

23.3 em

c_ 0 c:: 3 ~ 0 z'""': 0 ::t 0 0 • . .. .. g0'" (1.) o, ..... 0: ~ (1.) > 8 sg 0 O'Q ':< t N 0\ -N -§ Shelly Witten

0\ 0\ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 ''Rule of Two'' Plain Wares (Gregory 2005 ms.)

20.4 em ~ 0 c ~ g, z 0 :::1 ;:r ~ ....Vl ~ ~- ~ Vl > c:l ;:r ~ 0 0 ~ z 9 N 0. -§

~ shell tempered Los Adaes 16NA16 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 68

~ ~ \Q E ~ ~ ~ ~ \Q~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

CIJ. Q) ~ cj . . "'Ccu ~ cu... Q. ~ E ·~ ...,cu ~ .. ~ -cu .c ~ (I) ...... 0 ~ ~ s:::: ...... ~ ~ .tf 0 ..0..._ ~ C) ~ ~

.....~ ~ Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 69 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 70

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ::~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a~

E () Williamso1t Museu11l Plain Wares with European Influences

...... 0 ac: e:.. 0...... z 0 ;:l C" CD ~ .....tl) (pitcher form) ...... , CD ~ ~ Ill

(i> ::r ~ 0 0 0 00 ':< z 9 ~ -N ..._.§

Payne Plantation, --....J Natchitoches Parish (Gregory 2005 ms.) Plain Wares with European Influences

'-- 14.8 em 0 c: 3 f£...... ,0 z 0 ::r~ ('t> !:~) (I),.... ;-3 X ~ > (i :r $:>) ('t> 0 0 (J"Q '< z 9 ~ N -§ '--"

-..l N (pitcher form) Los Adaes 16NA16 . (Gregory 2005 1ns.) Pla1n Wares with European Influences

C5' c: ~ g, z 0g. 0 ~ ~..., 0 ~ > ii ::T ~ Q.. ~ '< ~ 26.5 em 20.0 em N 0\ ~

....:) l.H (brimmed bowl form) Los Adaes 16NA16 (Gregory 2005 ms.) Plain Wares with European Influences

<-.. 0 t:: Be:. 0 >-+. g.~ e;~ --3 CJ) X ~ Vl >-­ Ci ::r ~ 2. 0 (1Q ~ Los Adaes 16NA16 ~ N C/\

20.5 em '-'~

(brimmed bowl form)

-I ~ (Gregory 2005 ms.) Plain Wares with European Influences

g...... [ g, e.~ 0 C) .-V) '""':3 ~ C) V> > R ::r 8 0 ~ ~ N 0\ (basal sherd with foot ring) ..-

..__..§

em -.....1 Vl Los Adaes 16NA16 Williamson Museum Plain Wares with European Influences

...... 0 c:: e:.3 g, z 0 :4 ::T ~ .....fJl ~ ~ fJl ;J> ~ ::T ~ 8 0 (JQ '-::. z 0 N 0\ Gary H ardamon - -§ (porringer form)

-...l 0\ Colfax Ferry 16NA15