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Index

Acculturation, theory of, 204 Anthropology, holistic nature of, 200 Acolapissa settlement, 121 Apaches, 44 Acoma, Franciscan church, 34, 41 mission area, 212 Activities category, 201 Apalachee, Province of, 71 Aegean archaeology, Schliemann's, 137 Appomattox, National Battlefield Park, 76 Aguatubi, doctrina of, 40 Aptucxet trading post, 18 Algonkian kiseiment'o chain, 159 Archaeological evidence, 156 Algonkian language, 120 Archaeological period, Fort Malton, 81 Algonquin Park, 55 Archaeological period, Leon-Jefferson, 81 Alkali Ridge, 29 Archaeological period, Seminole, 81 Allee, W. C., 69 Archaeological Research Trust, viii Allouez, Claude, 118 Archaeological Society of Maryland, viii American Anthropological Association, 5, Archaeological survey, LSU-WPA, 160 14, 75 Archaeological work crews, 152 American Anthropologist, 14 Archaeologist and crew, relationship, 170, American archaeology, pioneer period, 149 177 American archaeology, pioneers and Archaeology as an Auxiliary to American innovators in, 123 History, 14 American Archaeology, Society for, 117, Archaeology, Canadian, 51 150 Archaeology, classical, 6, 15 American Association for State and Local Archaeology, colonial, 13, 205 History, 11 Archaeology, Egyptian, 6 American Association for the Archduke of Austria, 3 Advancement of Science, 68 Arethusa bulbosa L., 198 American Civilization, Department of, U. Arikara Mother Com Ceremony, 106 of Pennsylvania, 22 Arizona Archaeological Society, 36 American Mercury, 126 Arizona Historical Society, 36 American Museum of Natural History, Arizona State Museum, 88 154, 162 Arkansas Post excavation, 154, 162 Amsden, Charles A, 21, 29, 30 Armada del Mar del Sur, 38 Anderson, Sherwood, 127 Arnoldi, Charles, 118 Anglim, Jack, 108 Artifacts, British colonial, 212 Antelope Mesa, 29 Artifacts, functional interpretation of, Anthropology, by Kroeber, 68 201

219 220 INDEX

Ash Hollow , 107 Bell, Earl, 129, 131, 137, 161 Asotin site, 87 Bell, Robert, 195 Association for the Preservation of Bells, Acoma and Awatovi, 34, 35 Virginia Antiquities, 2, 6, 193 Benavides, Father, 31 Athabasca Landing, 128 Benedict, Ruth, 107 Atlantic Monthly, 126 Bennet, Charles E., 211 Atuona Valley on Hiva Oa Island, 111 Beothuk Indians, 51 Atwater, Lee, 173 Berkeley, Governor, 19 Audubon, John James, 72 Bethabara, Stanley South at, 21 Auybale mission, 82 Bibliography of Glass Trade Beads, 93 village, 156 Biesterfeldt site, 106 Awatovi, xi, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, Big Bend , 109 41,42,45,46 Bird Study in Florida, 68 Awatovi chief, Miguel, 43 Bird, Junius, 107, 111, 154, 161 Awatovi expedition, 20 Birmingham, Conference on , Awatovi mission, 35 132, 133 Awatovi, end of, 44 Bison skull, bleached, 128 Awatovi, sacked by Hopis, 39, 40 Black Bottom swamps, 139 Aztec IV ware, type, 80 Black, Glenn, 119, 120 Black, Ida, 119 Backyard archaeology, 215, 216 Blanchette. Jean Francois, 151 BAE, 12th annual report, 131 Bloody Marsh, 208 Bain, Jeff, 151 Boas, Franz, 106 Bannerman catalogue, 105 Bond, Phillip, Northwest trade gun lock, Bannerman Sons, Francis, company, 105, 104 106, 108, 111 Booming, 174 Baptiste site, 160 Bounty, ship, 110 Bass, George, 22 Bowers, Alfred E., 92 Battle of Atlanta, 203 Bowser, Joanna, 92 Battle of the Little Bighorn, 106 Boyd, Mark F., 71, 74, 80, 81, 212 Battlefield Parks, 75-76 Boyle, David, 50, 52 Bayogoula, 121 Brain, Jeff, 157, 158, 160 Bayou Goula site, 107, 121, 156 Brainerd, George W., 21, 29 Bead analysis, 89, 90 Brand, Donald, 55 Bead typologies, 85, 87 Brannon, Peter, 132 Beads, Berrian's Island, 87 Brett, Gerard, 56 Beads, Comaline d'Aleppo, 192 Brew, Evelyn, 28 (photo) Beads, cut crystal quartz, 213 Brew, J. O. (Jo), viii, 20, 27-48, 28 Beads, glass trade, bibliography, 93 (photo), 160 Beads, San Juan, 98 British colonial remains, 75 Beads, Spanish, 213 "Brown Bess" military musket, 211 Beads, trade, 87, 95, 98 Brown, Harcourt, 62 Beady, Bill, 201 Brown, Ian, 151, 160, 163 Beasley, Wallace, 86 Brown, Margaret, 151 Beauchamp, William M., 199 Brown, Ralph, 134 (photos), 137 Beck, bead analysis, 90 Brunswick excavation, 175, 178, 181 Behavior patterns, 166 Brunswick Town State Historic Site, 173 Behavior, by-products of, 182 Brunswick Town, North Carolina, 168, Beigabe (a free gift, ), 125, 170,181 150 Brunswick Town, Stanley South at, 21 INDEX 221

Bryan, Kirk, 21 Chenhall, Bob, 92 Buckingham, A R., 157 Cherokee ceramics, 154 Bullen, Ripley P., 73, 74 Cherokee culture, origins of, 208 Bulow, built sugar mill (near New Cherokee Indians, 139, 208 Smyrna), 72, 73 Cherokee site, historic, 150 Bureau of Indian Affairs, 42 Cherokee, eastern band, 207 Burgh, Robert, 21, 29 Cherokee, in western North Carolina, 207 Burke, Thomas, Memorial Washington ChiCkamauga Basin, 141, 202 State Museum, 122 Chickamauga, dam construction, 143 Bushmen, Kalahari Desert, 39 Chickasaw dreamland territory, 150 Butler, B. Robert, 94 Chimney, mud and stick, 146 Butler, Mary, 107 Chimneys, 73 Buzzard Cult, 70 China Road, 37 Chinese water torture, 141 Indians, 191 Chippewa, 121 Caducean path, 158 , as part of Natchezan type Caldwell, Joseph R., 156 settlement, 121 Callao Island, 111 Choctaw, eastern Mississippi, 156 Calver, William, 106 Church of England service, 211 Campbell, Thomas N., 21, 189 Churchward, James, 105 Canadian Historic Sites Service, 92 Civil War Fort Site, 178 Cannon Hunters Association of Seattle Civil War, veterans, 115, 116 (CHAOS), 122 Civilian Conservation Corps, 36 Cannon's Point Plantation, 216, 217 Civilian Conservation Corps Camp, 4 Canta tabula, 176 Claflin, William H., Jr., 21, 27, 29 Carrera de Indios, 37 Claflin, William III, 21 Carretas, 35 Clarksdale-Crowley Ridge traverse, 157 Cartagena, Spanish fortifications of, 112 Classey, Joseph, 56 Cartier, Jacques, 51 Clemens, Samuel, 127 Castillo de San Marcos, 75, 76 Clements, Forrest, 132 Castillo Fuertza, 214 Clipper Ship, New England, 122 Cate, Margaret Davis, 205, 206, 209 Coal miners, 147 Cather, Willa, 127 Coe, Joffre, 134 (photos), 208 Caywood, Louis, 19, 193, 195 Coldwater, 58 Ceramics, hispanic, 190 Cole, Fay-Cooper, 13, 69, 132, 134 Chaco Canyon, 55 (photo), 139, 140, 199, 200, 201 Chambers, Moreau B. C., 21, 132 Collier, Dale, 141 Champe, John, 107, 109, 130, 142 COllier, John, 42 Champlain, Samuel de, 16 COllins, Henry, 138, 156 Champlain, Samuel de, map by, 15, 17 Colonial National Historical Park, 2 Chance, David H., 98 Color Harmony Manual, 93, 94 Chance, Jennifer, 98 Combes, John, 88, 89, 91, 93, 95 CHAOS, 122 Commerce Landing, 157 CHAOS IN DEPTH, 122, 123 Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, 126 Chapelle, Col. Howard I., 122, 123 Conference on Historic Site Archaeology, Chartrand, Rene, 151 vii, viii, 13, 151, 169 Chauga, historic Cherokee site, 150, 156, Coninas (Havasupai), 44 158 Conn, Richard (Dick), 91, 92, 93 Cheltenham High School, 22 Conner, Jeanette Thurber, 72 Cheltenham Military Academy, 23 Connor Trading Post, 120 222 INDEX

Conrad, Joseph, 127 Daugherty, Richard D., 86-88 Convento de San Francisco dig, 214 Davidson, Lillian, 73 Cooper, Paul, 135, 137, 142, 143, 145, Davis, W. Mott, Jr., 21 147, 148 Davm, Wayne, 87,94 Cornaline d'Aleppo beads, 192, 198 Davison, Samuel, 205 Corps of Engineers, 162 Dawson, Sir William (J. W.), 50, 51, 52 Cotter, John L. (Jack), viii, 15-26, 76, Deagan, Kathy, 215 161, 193, 195 De Espeleta, Francisco, 44, 45 Coufal site, Grand Island, Nebraska, 107 Deetz, James, 18, 22 Coutanche, Michael, 169 De Garaycochea, Fray Juan, 44, 45, 46 Coutts, Peter, 94 Dejarnette, Dave, 132, 151 Covered wagons, 35 Dell Trading Post, 97 Crable people, 80 Dellinger, 132 Crable site, 80 De Peyster, built New Smyrna sugar mill, Cree dog dangling, 126, 128, 159 73 Cree Indians, 128, 129 Depression years, 7, 67, 131 Creek history and archaeology, 208 De Soto analysis, 156 Creek Indians, 202, 204 De Soto , 157 Creek material culture, 213 De Soto Commission, 156 Creek pottery, 121,213 De Soto entrada, 156 Creek, Red Stick War of 1814,205 De Soto Expedition, 38, 202, 204 Creek village, Nuyaka, 213 De Terra, 86 Crew, Chain-gang, 170 De Tonti, Arkansas Post excavation, 154, Crew, importance of in archaeology, 165 162 Crimean War, 115 De Tremauden, D. F., 94 Crooks site, 160 Deuel, Thorne, 131, 132, 134 (photo), Crow Creek Reservation, 109 139,200,201 Crow site, 107 De Vargas, Don Diego, 43, 44 Cruger, built New Smyrna sugar mill, 73 De Vauban, Sebastian l..ePrestre, 208 Cruickshanks, Robert, 118 De Vauban, Sebastian l..ePrestre, treatise, Cubo defense line, 76 209 Cult burials, 150 Dickens, ROY, 208 Cultural evolution, 206 Direct historical approach, 69 Cultural process, 213 Dismal River site, 107 Cultural ruins, 183 Doceas Island, 15 Cultural systems, 183 Documentary evidence, 156 Culture begets culture, 136 Dog-culture, northern, 129 Culture contrasts, 167 Dog,dead,dangling, 126,128,159 Currelly, Charles Trick, 54 Dole, the, 128 Currelly, Ralph, 55, 56 Donne,John,127,157 Curwood, James 0., 126, 127, 128 Doran, Ed, 151 Cushing, Frank Hamilton, 138 Drucker, Philip, 107 Custer Park, 106 Du Mont, St Croix Island settlement, 16 Custer, General, last march, 85 Duffield and Jelks, bead analysis, 90 Duffield, Lathel, 192, 195 D'Aleppo, Cornaline bead, 97, 192, 198 Dug trenches (vineyard ditches), 61 Dahms, Harold, 131 Dummitt, Thomas, 73 Dallas Island, TN, crew, 146 (photo) Dummitt, Thomas, sugar mill of, 68 Dallas Island, TN, Hixon site, 144 Dunvegan, 128 (photo), 149 (photo) Duxbury, Massachusetts, 18 INDEX 223

Earthlodge village, 109 Flora, Barney S., 95 Easter Island, 110, 111 Florida Anthropological Society, logo, 71 Eddy, Frank, 19 Florida Park Service, 69, 74 Edmonton, Canada, 128 Florida State University, 212 Edwardian period, 115 Flota, 36, 37, 38 Eggan, Fred, 21, 29 Floyd,~duke, 72 Eiseley, Loren, 108, 126, 130, 135 Folsom excavation, 200 Eiseley, Loren, on the Eskimo, 131 , 107 EI Gran Convento, 34 Fontana, Bernard L. (Bunny), ethnologist, EI Morro, pottery type, 80 22,88,92 Elder, Robert A., 97 Fontana, Bernard L, bead typOlOgy, 87 Elliott Greene and Co., 97 Ford, James A. (Jim), 21, 72, 107, 120, Ellis, Florence Hawley, 55 126,129,132,136,138,150,151, Embree, John, 54 153,154,155 (photo), 156, 159, Emerson, Norman, 55 160,161,162,202 English sites, 190, 195 Forman, H. Chandlee, viii, 11, 18, 19 Englishmen, 166 Fort Abraham Lincoln State, 106 Ephemeral era, 161 Aspect, 132, 138, 139 Escalante, Father, 46 Fort Berthold Reservations, 106 Essex, whaler ship, 110 Fort Caroline, 211 Ethnographic History, 123 Fort Colville area, Lake Roosevelt site, Ethnography, 131 98 Etowah Mounds Museum, 158 Fort Corchaug, 106, 108 Etowah, 150, 158, 162 Fort Frederica National Monument, 205, Etowah, Mound C, 150 206,212,216 European Trade Articles, 119 Fort Lincoln, 85 European-based cultural systems, Fort Malton archaeological period, 81 168 Fort Massapeag, 106 Evans, Clifford, 110 Fort McKean, 85, 86 Evolutionary viewpoint, 206 Fort Moultrie, 76 Fort Necessity National Battlefield, 9, 22 Fairbanks, Charles H. (Chuck), vii, viii, Fort Niagara, 104 22, 92, 145, 151, 197-218 Fort Pitt, 108 Fairbanks, Charles, student, 206 Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, 8, 9 Fairbanks, Evelyn, 214 Fort Raleigh, North Carolina, xi, 22 Fatherland Plantation, 120, 121 Fort Randall , 109, 110 Fatherland site, Natchez, 155, 158 Fort San Carlos, 74 Faulkner, William, 127 Fort San Lorenzo, 110 Felder, Hilarian, 36 Fort San Luis, 80 Fenstermaker, G. B., 88, 96 Fort San Marcos, 83 Field Museum of Natural History, 121, Fort St. Joseph, 119, 120, 121 122, 199 Fort St. Marks, 212 Fielding, Henry, 127 Fort st. Peter, 156 "Fireside crackers", 176 Fort Sl Pierre, 163 Fish boats, 175 Fort Stevenson, 111 Fisher site, 80 Fort Ticonderoga, 104 Fishermen, 173, 174 (photo), 176 Fort Vancouver, 95, 98 Fishermen, poem, 183 Forts, English and U. S., 195 Fishhook Island, 89 Fowke, Gerard, 159 Flintlock musket, 105 Fox Indians, 128 224 INDEX

Fox Pond mission site, 214 Green, General Nathaniel, 172, 173 France, Anatole, 157 Greene brothers, architects, 30 Francisco de Porras, Fray, 38 Greenhouse site, , 146 (photo), Frederica, 211 153, 160 French colonial historic horizon, 151 Greenman, Emerson F., 117 French Louisiana, 152 Greenspring Plantation, 19 French presence in North America, 151 Griffin, James B. (Jimmy), 117, 119, French sites, 190, 195 121, 131, 132, 138, 139, 156, 160, French trade goods, 63 202,206,207 Frizzens, brass, 189, 191, 194 Griffin, John W., viii, 67-78, 79, 80-82, Frontier pioneer sites, 190 83 Frontier towns, 195 Grosso, Gerald H., 97 From, John, 204 Gruber, Jacob W., 17 Fryxell, Roald, 89 Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, 62 Function-conjunctivism, 141 Gun lock, Northwest trade gun, 104 Gun, English Northwest, 191 Ga1eones, 37, 38 Gunther, Erna, 91 Gamble house, Pasadena, 30 Guthe, Carl E., 117, 118, 132, 138, Ganong, William F., 17, 51 161 Garces, Father Francisco, 20 Garvan, Anthony, 12 H. B. C. amulets, 96 Gauguin, Paul, grave, 111 Haag, Bill, 150, 154, 160, 201 Georgia Transverse Mercator grid, 205 Hack, John T., 21 Gew-gaws, 150 Hackenberg, Robert, 88 Ghost halls, 159 Hadlock, Wendell, 17 Gibbens, Dottie, 160 Hall, E. T., Jr., 21 Gibson, Jon, 160 Hall, James, 18 Gilbert, Judge S. Price, 205 Halona, Zuni town of, 44 Gilmore, G. H., 130 Hamilton, Ted, 111, 151 Gilmore, Kathleen, 195 Hammond, Hugh, 50 Gjessing, Frederick, 83 Hardy, Thomas, 127 Glades Cult, 70 Harper's, 126 Glasshouse site, 9 Harrington, J. C. (Pinky), vi, 1-14, 19, Godd, Mary Elizabeth, 93 22,71,75,135,193,203,205,215 Goggin, John, 22, 70, 80,190,212-14 Harrington, J. C., medal, vii, viii, 1, 15, Gold, discovery of on archaeological site, 49, 103, 113, 165, 189, 197 82 Harrington, J. C., round graves, 150 Golden Isles of Coastal Georgia, 205 Harris, King, 192 "Golden Text," 176 Harris, R. K., 192 Goodnow Mound, 70 Harris, WaiterA,203,208 Gothic process, 161 Harrold, Charles C., 203 Gran Quivera, 3 Harvard Lower Mississippi Valley Survey, Grand Army of the Republic, 116 163 Grand banks fisherman, 195 Harvey,Governo~12 Grand Island, Nebraska, Coufal site, 107 Haury, Emil W., 88 Grand Rapids Public Museum, 117 Hawikuh, F. W. Hodge report, 49, 50 Gray's Anatomy, 126 Hawkins house, 206 Great Depression, 4, 168 Hawkins, Thomas, 205 Great Embarkation of 1736, 206, 211 Hawkins-Davison project, 206 Great Slave Lake, 128 Hawley, Florence, 55 INDEX 225

Hegel, saul R., fTI Horseshoe Bend site, 213 Heine, Heinrich, poems of, 162 Horton, William, 211 Heldman, Don, 151 Houma, settlement, 121 Here They Once Stood, 71 House, new (new archaeology), Herst, DiAnn, 94, 95 160 Hesperopithecus,14O Howard,Donald~,94 Hewett, Edgar L, 3 Hrdlicka, Ales, 139, 158 lIeye~, 111o~110 Hsu, Dick P., 93 Higgs site, 79, 80, 81 Hudson, Paul, 19, 193, 195 High-energy world cultural systems, 169 Hudson's Bay, 120 Hill, A. T., 107, 109, 126, 130, 137 Hudson's Bay Company, 120 Hispanic Society of America, 80 Hulse, Frederick S., 88 Historic American Building Survey, 3 Hume, Ivor Noel (see Noel Hume) Historic Preservation Board, 215 Hunter, Andrew F., 50, 52 Historic Site Archaeology, 13 Huron Indians, 52 Historic Site Archaeology, Conference on, Huron ossuaries, 58 vii, viii, 169 Huron village sites, 58 Historic Sites Act, 6 Hutchins, Robert Maynard, 200 Historical approach, direct, 69, 70, 132, Hutchinson-Tschopik, Marion, 21 158,200,201 HistoricalArchaeology (journal), 51,169 Iberian storage jar, 209 Historical archaeology, early days of, 137 Idaho Research Foundation, 96 Historical Archaeology, Society for, vii, Idol, John, viti viti, 91, 92, 113,117, 169,215 Inca, 136 Historical archaeology, trajectory of, 216 Independence National Historic Park, Historical Orientation Report, 7 Philadelphia, 21 Historical process, 159 Indian relics, 198 History and Archaeology in Florida, 69 Indian sites, 166, 190, 193, 195 Hiva Oa Island, 111 Indian trade guns, 111 Hiwassee Island site, 145 Indians, Northwest coast, 122 Hixon site, Dallas Island, TN, 144 Iowa Indians, 128, 129 (photo), 147, 148, 149 (photo), 150 Iroquoian antiquities, 198 Hochelaga, Indian town of, 51 Iroquois Indians, 139 Hodge, F. W., report on Hawikuh, 49, 50 Irwin, Carol (Mason), 212 Hoffman, J. J., 95 Iver Johnson revolver, 182 Hog rifle, 166 Iverson, 111omas, 98 Hoijer, Harry, 139, 140, 200 Holder, Preston, 151, 161 Jablonex, fTI Holmesian doctrine, 138 Jackman, George W., 122 Homesteads, 195 Jackson, A. V. W., 105 Hooton, E. A., 39 , 153, 155 Hopewell Village National Historic Site, Jamestown, xi, 4, 1-14, 17-19, 22, 193- 21,22 194,205 Hopi, 20, 32, 39, 40, 44, 45 Jargon-laden syntax, 141 Hopi crew members, 39 Jawboning contests, 178 Hopi mesas, 44 Jekyll Island, 211 Hopi towns and villages, 29, 38 Jelkes, Duffield, 90 Hopi Tribal Constitution, 42 Jelks, Edward B. (Ed), 19, 22, 92, 189- Hopi Tribal Council, 42 196 Hornblower, Henry, 11,18, 21 Jemez, town of, 43 226 INDEX

Jenness, D., of the Victoria Memorial Kosciusko, Count, tunnel, 172 (Photo) Museum staff, 51 Kramer, Emanuel, 22 Jennings, Jesse D., 134 (photo), 135, Krieger, Alex, 195 138, 139, 147, 148, 161, 201-202 Krieger, Herbert W., 97 Jesuit Order, 56, 57, 58 Kroeber, Alfred Louis, 68, 126, 136 Jesuit site, 56 Johnson, Judi, 95 La Farge, Oliver, 42 Johnson, Leroy, Jr., 195 La Flesche, Francis, 131 Jones, Alfred W., 205 Lake Roosevelt site, 98 Jones, B. Calvin, 82 Lake Tsirargi (Mud Lake), 58 Jones, J. Robert, 21 Lamar site, 204 Jones, Volney H., 21 Lamar, of Georgia, 156 Judd, Neil, 132 Lamb, Natalie, 68 Lancaster, J. A, 20, 29 Kain, Samuel, 51 Language work problem, French, 152 Kamer Aga-Oglu, 208 Larrabee, Edward McM, 22 Kaminaljuyu,201 Larson, Lew, 158 Kanaka village, 98 LaSalle, trading ship, The Griffin, 116, Kangi-ia-waJam, Holy Crow Voice, 110 122 Kansas Monument site, 109 Lava Bed National Monument, 88 Kansas State Historical Society, 109 Lawrence Plantation, 216 Karankawa Indians, 189 League of the Iroquois, 198 Karklins, Karlis, 87, 93, 94, 97 Leon-Jefferson aboriginal ware, 82 Kasita Red film, 82 Leon-Jefferson archaeological period, 81 Kawanusea, Luke of Mishongnovi, 29 Lessard, F. Dennis, 97 Keel, Bennie, 208 Lesse~Alexande~l06 Kelley, J. Charles, 190 Levels, protohistoric and historic, 151 Kelly, Arthur R., 108, 154, 162, 203 Lewis and aark, 129 Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Lewis, Tom, 141, 145, 148, 150 Park, 203 Lexington Common, 104 Kent Scientific Institute, 117 Library of Congress, 207 Kepi (military surplus), 105 Lighthall, W. D., 52 Keyes, Charles, 131 Like-a-Fishhook Village, 111 Kidd and Kidd, bead typology, 87, 90, 92, Lilly, Eli, 120 93, 94, 97, 98 Lima ships, 36 Kidd, Kenneth E., 49-65, 88, 91, 93,192 Lindenmeier site, 107,200 Kidder, Alfred V., 3, 29, 137, 201 Linton, Ralph, 106, 126, 127, 129, 132 Kikimongwi (Ceremonial Chief), 42 Liu, Robert A, 93 Kincaid expedition, 134 (photo) Lombard, Percival, 18 Kincaid site, 135, 139 London, Jack, 126, 128 King, Arden, 151, 160 Long, Earl, administration, 154 Kingsford, William, 51 Longstreet, Rupert J., 68 Kipling, Rudyard, 126 Longyear, John M., III, 21, 36 Kird, Mrs. Myrle S. (Sprague), 94 Loring, Reuben, 73 Kiseiment'o chain, Algonkian, 159 Lorrain, Dessamae, 195 , 30 Los Angeles County Museum, 87 Kneberg, Madeline, 201 Lost Continent of Mu, 105 Kniffen, Fred, 132,138,151,160 Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, fortress of, 194 Knight, Charles, 85 Louisiana Archaeological Survey, 120 Kon Tiki Museum, 111 Lower Mississippi Valley Survey, 152 INDEX 227 Lower Mississippi Valley Survey, Milwaukee Public Museum, 118 Harvard, 163 Miner, Horace, 134 (photo), 135, 139 Lowery, 135 Minorcan houses, 215 LSU-WPAarchaeological survey, 160 Miranda, Fray Antonio, 44, 46 Luger, 181 Mission architecture, California Luther, Randy, 172 (photo) Mediterranean, 30 Mission architecture, Father Kino chain, MacLachlan, John, 68 30 Macon earthlodge, 107 Mission Red film, 82 Majolica, 190 Mission San Antonio de Anacape, 73 Making of a Scientist, 197 Mission San Bernardo de Aguatubi, 20 Malinowski, Bronislaw Kasper, 140 Mississippi and Woodland dichotomy, 136 Malouf, Carling, 91 River Basin survey, 137 Man with a Hoe (poem), 127 Missouri River fishermen, 128 Mana, 133, 161 Moby Dick, 110 Manassas, national battlefield park, 76 Moccasins, Crow and Blackfoot, 128 Mandan Slant Indian Village, 85 Model A, 159, 160 Mandan, 135 Montgomery, Ross Gordon, 20, 21, 30- Manila Galleons, 36, 37 32,34,36,37,41,45,46 Maria de la Cruz, 215, 216 Monument Valley, 29 Marksville site, 153, 154 Mook, Maurice, 139 Martyr's shrine, 58 Moore, C. B., 131, 145, 159 Maw, Betty, 56 Moore, Jackson W., 21 Maynard, Paul, 134 (photos), 201 Moore, James, 75 McCleary site, 129 Moorehead, W. K., 132, 150 McGregor cave, 86 Moose Jaw, 128 McIlwraith, Professor, 54, 55 Moosehide moccasins, 128 McKern taxonomic system, 69, 135,140, Moreno, Phil, 96 150 Morgan, Lewis H., works, 206 McKern, W. C., 118, 126, 129, 131, 132 Motz, J. C. F., 21 McRae plantation house, 73 Moundville, 150 Mead, Margaret, 68, 111 Mountie, Northwest, 127 Medal, J. C. Harrington, vii, viii, 1, 15, Mouse Creek site, 151 49,103,113,165,189,197 Mud Lake (Lake Tsirargi), 58 Melanesians, 204 Mule trains, 35 Memphis theories, 157 Mulloy, Bill, 151, 160 Mencken, H. L, 127 Munsell color chart, 93, 94 Mesa Verde, 20 Murphy, E. M, 81 Mesa Verde, designs, 40 Murray, bead analysis, 90 Mesopelea Indians, 139 Murray, Robert A., 91, 93 Mestizo family, 215 Musclow (park operator), 55 Mestizo women, 215 Myth talkers, 159 Metcalf, George, 107 Method and Theory, 168, 169 Namoki, Maud, 40 Michael, Ron, 22 Nash, Charles (ChUCk), 134 (photo), 145 Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Nash, Philleo, 54, 55 Letters, 118 Natchez Fatherland site, 155 Miller, Scott, 81 Natchez Indians, 120, 158, 163 Miller, Scott, site, 71 Natchez, Mississippi, 21 Mills, W. C., 131 Natchezan occupation, 108 228 INDEX

National Bureau of Standards, 92 Northwest Anthropological Conference, National Geographic, 85 94,97 National Museum in Ottawa, 62 Northwest anthropology, 87 National Museum of American History, Northwest Indian Center, 96 207 Norwegian expedition, 111 National Park Service, 2, 4, 9, 11, 17, 19, Nueva Cadiz, 214 203 Nuyaka, creek village of, 213 National Park Service, advisory board, 11 National Park Service, National Ocmulgee Fields sherds, 82 Monuments, 3 Ocmulgee Fields, 156 National Park System, 9 Ocmulgee National Monument, 202, 203, National Rifle Association, 153 207,208 National Science Foundation, 215 Ocmulgee Old Fields, 213 National Trust for Historic Preservation, Ocmulgee Trading Post, 203 11,72 Oglethorpe, 208, 211 Native American sites, 166, 190, 193, Oikurnene, 151 195 Old Panama, 110 Navaho Indian Museum, 39 Old Towiash, 191 Navaho Indian Reservations, 20 Olds, Dorris L, 212 Nebraska Archeology, Introduction to, 135 Olive jars, 81 Nebraska Loess Man, 140, 142 Omaha Bow Village, 131 Nebraska Phase, 131 Omwake, H. Geiger, 106 Needler, Winnifred, 56 culture, 129, 131 Neitzel, Gwen, 153, 160, 162 Onondaga Reserve, 198 Neitzel, Robert S. (Stu), viii, xii, 28 Oraibi,20 (photo), 107, 125-164, 134 (photo), Orchard, bead analysis, 90 144 (photo), 155 (photo) Osborne, bead typology, 87 Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. C. G., 94 Osborne, Douglas, 87 Nelson, Nels C., 105 Osborne, Henry Fairfield, 140 Nesbitt, Paul E., 94 Osceola's skeleton, 76 Neumann, Georg, 134 (photos), 135, 139, Osmundsen, Lita, 97 140,141,142,145 Ossossane ossuary, 58, 63 New Archaeology, 207 Otto, John, 216 New Archaeology, (new house), 160 Owl head (in song lyrics), 181 New Bourbon Street Jazz Society, 163 Owl head motif, on a pistol, 182 New Caledonia, 204 Oyster roast, 181 New Plan, 200 Ozette Archaeological Project, 97 New Smyrna ruin, 73 Ozette village site, 97 Newcomb, William, 195 Newman, Bud, 134 (photos), 135, 139 Paca House, Annapolis, Maryland, 169 Newman, T. Stell, 87 Paca, William, 169 Nez Perce, 98 Pack and Mound Bottoms sites, Ninety Six, South Carolina, 170-172 , 145 Ninety Six, South Carolina, siege of, 172 Pagan,Robert,16,17 Nocoroco, Timucuan Village of, 69, 70 Palus burial sites, 88, 91, 93, 96 Noel Hume, Ivor, 10, 11, 21, 193, 204, Parenti, John, 36 209 Parker, Arthur C., 138, 199 North Dakota State Historical Museum, Parsons, Elsie Clews, 40 85 Passamaquoddy Bay, 15 INDEX 229

Pawnee archaeology, 130 Portland Art Museum, 96 Pawnee Archaeology, Introduction to, 135 Post-Medieval period, 214 Pawnee villages, 109 Pottery types, 80 Peabody Museum, 19, 20, 32 Pouce Coupe, 128 Peace River country, 128 Pound (farmer), 55 Peace River crossing, 128 Pound, Ezra, 23 Peachtree Mound, 138 excavation, 154, 162 Peachtree site, 147 Powell, B. Bruce, 21 Peachtree-Cherokee synthesis, 138 Prairie Schooner, 126, 135 Pearls, use in cult burials, 150 Pratt, Peter P., 192 Pecking order, among archaeological crew, Prehistory, First Conference on, 132 178 Prieber, Christian, 209 Pecos conference classification, 27 Problem-oriented accounts, 157 Pemmican, making of, 128 Prophet's fortification, 213 Penetanguishene, community, 58 Prosser brothers, 95 Penman, John, 151 Prosser process, 95 Penn Portage, of, 55 Provincial Museum, 51 Persepolis, materials excavated from, 69 IV Hopi pottery, 40 Personalization phenomenon, 170 Pueblo rebellion of 1680, 20, 31, 38, 39, Peru, archaeology of, 140 42,43 Peruvian stylistic studies, 136 Pullen, Mac, 93 Petrie, Sir Flinders, 54, 136 Pullen, Myrick W., III, 93 Petroglyphs, of Penn Portage, 55 Puritan ethic, 142, 148 Phaeton, Ford, 160 Purse boats, 174 (photo), 186 (photo) Phebus,

Roberts, Frank H. H., 107, 137 Scoodic River, 15, 16 Roberts,FUcky,l09 Scott County Pueblo, Kansas, 107 Robinson, William J., 88 Scott, Donald, 21, 27, 29 Rodeffer, Michael J., 98 Scott-Miller site, 212 Roma site, 92 Sea Island company, 216 Romance of archaeology, 181 Sea Island cotton plantations, 216 Rosie Anne, 185 Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalog, 182 Ross, Lester A., 95, 98 Sears, William, 156, 207 Rover, 160 Sebastopol, siege of, 115 Rowe, Ann, 197 Second Coming to Fatherland, 163 Rowe, Charles, 51 Second Seminole War, of 1835,68 Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), 54, 62 Seed beads, glass, 70 Rupert House, 120 Seminole archaeological period, 81 Russel, Dick, 160 Seminole War records, 73 Rust, Dave, 27, 29 Seriation, 213 Ryan, Tommy, 160 Setzler, Frank, 4, 13, 138, 159 Shad, 175 S.S. Sagafjord, cruise ship, 111 Shanidar cave, 107 S.S. Santa Maria, cruise ship, 112 Shapiro, Harry, 107 Sac Indians, 128 Shawnee Indians, 139 Sac village, 200 Shepard, Anna 0., 3, 21, 29 Sainte Marie I, xi, 49, 50, 57, 61-63 Sherman's cannonballs, 163 San Agustin de Cuba, 214 Sherman's March to the Sea, 203 San Antonio de Anacape, 67 Shetrone, Henry, 131 San Bernardo de Aguatubi, 43 Shiner, Joel, 19, 193, 195 San Bernardo de Aguatubi, an Analytical Signal Hill, Newfoundland, 194-195 Restoration, 31 Silver Fleet, 38 San Bernardo de Aguatubi, Franciscan Simpson, J. Clarence, 71, 81 church of, 20 Sitting Bull's refuge camp, 128 San Bernardo de Aguatubi, mission of, 20 Skinner, Alanson B., 199 San Felipe, Mission of, 35 Slant village site, 106 San Francisco de Oconee, 81, 82 Slave Lake, 128 San Juan Islands, 98 Small log townhouses, 148 San Luis de Talimali, mission, 71, 212 Smith, Carlyle S., viii, 103-112, 151, Sandoz, Mari, 127 161 Santa Barbara Mission, 30 Smith, Carlyle S. C'Stinking Water"), Santo Domingo, mission of, 35 107 Saratoga Battlefield, 104 Smith, Carlyle S., visit to Polynesia, Saskatchewan, wheatlands, 128 110-111 Sauer, CarlO., 136 Smith, Charlie, 173, 175-182 Sawyer, Tom, 157 Smith, Charlie, song, 182 Schiiemann, Heinrich, 137 Smith, G. Hubert, 111 Schoenberg, Fr. Wilfred P., S. J., 96 Smith, Hale G., viii, 22, 69, 70, 73, 74, Scholes, Dr. France Y., 32 79-84, 141, 207, 212, 213 School of American Research (Santa Fe), Smith, Harlan I., 51, 54 2 Smith, John, 12 Schoolcraft, 129 Smith, Judy (Mrs. Carlyle Smith), 110, Schultz, C. B., 107 111 Schumacher, Paul J. F., 21 Smith, T., 96 Schurz, W. L., 37 Smith, Watson, 20, 21, 33, 46 INDEX 231

Smithsonian Handbook Project, 163 St. Augustine Historical Society, 75, 82, Smithsonian Institution, 97, 207 83 Smithsonian River Basin Survey, 137 St. Augustine, oldest house of, 74, 75, Society for American Archaeology (SAA), 82,83 117,150 St. Croix Island, Maine, 9, 23 Society for Historical Archaeology, vii, St. Croix River, 16 viii,13, 22, 91, 92, 113, 117, 169, st. Francis of Assisi, Ideals of, 36 215 S1. Michaels, Arizona, Franciscan Fathers Society of Jesus, 56 of,39 Society of Professional Archaeologists, xi St. Simon's Island, 209 Solecki, Ralph, 106,108 Standing Rock, 106 Soloman, Linton M., 203 Standish, Miles, 18 Sorensen, Cloyd, 88, 92 Stansbury site, 190, 191, 192 Soto, De, (see De Soto) Star Bastion, 173 Soup lines, 128 Star Fort, 173 South Carolina Institute of Archaeology Starving time, 193 and Anthropology, viii State Historical Museum, 163 South Carolina Volunteers, 73 Steam boats, 116 South, David, 172 Steam engines, 116 South, Stanley A (Stan), 22, 92, 160, Steele, Sir Richard, 127 165-188, 172 (photo), 198, Stephenson, Robert (Bob), 137, 190, 192, South, Stanley, at Bethabara, 21 195 South, Stanley, at Brunswick Town, 21 Stirling, Matt, 107, 132 Southard, Michael D., 94 , 148 Southeastern Archaeological Conference Stoner, Father, 36 (SEAC), 152, 169, 202 Storm, J. M, 98 Southern Cult, 70 Stowe, Read, 151 Sowter, T. Edwin, 52 Strong, Duncan (W. D.), 69, 106-109, Spalding Mission, 98 126,129,132,135-38 Spaniards, 166 Strong, Emory, 94, 95 Spanish American War, veterans, 115 Sullivan's Island, 97 Spanish beads, 213 Sun King, in North America, 151 Spanish majolica, pottery type, 80, 213 Sunflower Landing theory, 157 SpaniSh Missions in Apalachee, 82 Superposition, 30 Spanish Santa Elena, 198 Swanack, Jervis, 92 Spanish sites, 190, 195, 214 Swanton, John R., 156, 159, 202 Spanish-Indian acculturation, 216 Swarthmore College, 199 Spartacus to the Gladiators, 127 Swartz, B. K., Jr., 88 Spaulding, Albert C., 108, 133, 161, Sweet Rosie Anne, 175 207 Sweetwater complex, 142 Speck, Frank, 160 Sweetwater Culture Couple, 142 Spier, Leslie, 126, 136 Spirit of whimsy, 161, 163 Tabby floor, 83 Spirit path, 159 Tabby ruins, 72 Spiro mound, 150 Tabby wall, 211 Spoehr,Alexande~121 Tahiti,111 Sprague,Linda,96 Talking Crow site, 109, 110, 111 Sprague, Roderick (Rick), 22, 85-102, Tallahassee, area missions, 72 192 TALLEO,169 Squier and Davis, 131 Taovayas Indians (the Towash), 191 232 INDEX

Taxonomic system, 132 Uhle,136 Taxonomic system, McKern, 69 Universal Tramverse Mercator Grid, 206 Taxonomic system, midwestern, 140, 158 University of Chicago, 69, 199 Taylor, Walter, 140 University of Chicago, Department of Tehaus, town of, 43 Anthropology, 3 Tehua outbreak: of 1696, 44 University of Chicago, quadrangle, 134 Temple University, 17 (photo) Tell'la villages, 156 University of Penmylvania, Department Tepexpan, find of Mexico, 86 of American Civilization, 22 Terminus ante quem, 206 Upper Great Lakes, 116 Thomas,Cyrus,138 Thompson, Lindsay c., 29, 40 V-8 Phaetons, 160 Thompson, Raymond, 88 Valliant, George, 107 Thor's hammers, 199 Van der Sleen, W. G. N., bead analysis, Thunder, 174 90,91 Timmerman, Evelyn, 203 Ventura County Archaeological Society, Timucuan, material culture, 69 94 Timucuan, village of Nororoco, 69 Victoria Harbour, 58 Toleak: Point, 87 Victoria Memorial Museum, 50 Tolomato, Indian village of, 215 Victorian period, 115 Tomoka State Park, 69 Vineyard ditches (dug trenches), 61 Toth, Allan, 157, 160 Vision of Sir Launfall, 127 Towash Indiall'l (the Taovayas), 191 Vision pits, 55 Trade goods, 119, 120, 191 Vita, Robert S. Neitzel's, 162 Trade goods, French, 63 Voltaire, 157 Trading post site, 202 Trait patterm, 131 Wagon train routes, 34, 35 Traits, 150 Wagons, horsedrawn, 116 Treaty of Paris of 1783, 16 Walker, Deward E., 91, 92 Trowel men, 147 Walker, James, 170 Tubuai Island, 110 Walker, Winslow, 132 Tucannon site, 98 Walpi, Chief Antonio, 44 Tucker, Sara, (Sally), 51, 200 Walpi, Indians of, 43 Tucson conference, 93 War Between the States, 203, 216 Tugalo River, 150 War of Jenkin's Ear, 112 Tugaloo, historic site excavation, 156 Warhawk, 122, 123 Tunica family burial plot, 153 Warner, William lloyd, 69, 200 Tunica Indians, 155, 156, 158 Washington, Booker T., 76 Tunica informants, 159 Watkins, Malcolm, 193, 195 Tunica reservation, 153 Watson, Don, 21, 29 Tunnel rat tourists, 173 Watt, Frank, 192 Tunnel, Curtis, 195 Waubaushene,58 Turnbull, settlement at New Smyrna, Waugh, F. W., 50, 51 215 Webb,Clarence, 154 Tuscany olive jar, 209 Webb, William S., Major, 132, 144 TVA archaeology, 151, 201 (photo), 151,201 TVA dams, 201 Wedel dig, 107 TVA work, 141, 142 Wedel, Mildred, 151 Twain, Mark, 126, 127, 143 Wedel, Waldo, 69, 109, 126, 130, 132, Two Teeth site, 110 135,136,137,138,151 INDEX 233

Weekes, Lynn, viii Winter, W. J., 73, 81 Welder's yard, 182 Wissler, Clark, 131 Weldon yard, 181, 182 Woodall, Ned, 194, 195 Weldon, North Carolina, 181 Woodbury, Richard B., 21 Wells, Bill, 154 Woodland Cree Camp, 128 Weltfish, Gene, 106 Woodland culture, 121 Wenner-Gren Foundation, 96 Woodward, Arthur, viii, 87, 88, 92, 190 Wesley, Charles, 211 Woodward, Arthur, bead analysis, 90 Wetherill Mesa, 20 WP A labor, 201 Wheeler, R. P., 21 WPA programs, 141,142 Wheeler-Howard Act, 43 Wraiths, 161 White, Leslie A, 117, 118, 133, 206 Wray, Donald, 80 White Goud, Chief, 128 Wright, Thomas, 17 Whitford, Bud, 201 Whitman, Walt, 157 Yager, Willard E., 198 Wilcox Drug Company, 166 Yamassee War, 203 Will, George, 85 Yatagan bayonet, 105 Willey, Gordon, 71, 151, 160 Yazoo, 155, 156 Williams, Stephen (Steve), 156, 160 Yorktown, National Battlefield Park, 2, Williamsburg, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11 76,193-194 Wilmington shipyards, 182 Yuchi site, 151 Wilmington-to-Weldon railroad, 181, Yutas (Utes), 44 182 Wimberly, L. C. (Doc), 126, 130, 139 Zabriskie, George A, 79 Winslow, 18 Zuni, 32, 43, 136 Wintemberg, W. J., 50, 51, 54, 55 Zuni town of Halona, 44