DOCSLIB.ORG

Portugal Autor(Es): Oliveira, Francisco Publicado Por: Imprensa Da

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Portugal Autor(Es): Oliveira, Francisco Publicado Por: Imprensa Da Portugal Autor(es): Oliveira, Francisco Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/47261 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1764-0_11 Accessed : 5-Oct-2021 13:01:06 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt COORDS. RAMÓN MARTÍNEZ OLIVEIRA FRANCISCO Ramón Martínez, catedrático de Griego de Enseñanza Media (1977-2007) y profesor Este volume reúne contributos de autores de dezasseis países europeus que pro- adjunto de Griego de la Universidad de Navarra (1979-2010), actualmente jubilado, curam as suas raízes na herança grega clássica e em especial em textos literários es licenciado en Filosofía y Letras, sección de Filología Clásica por la Universidad ou epigráficos escritos em grego antigo, bizantino, renascentista ou de épocas de Salamanca (1969, tesina Historia de Politeia. Evolución de Heródoto a Aristóteles) posteriores. Com isso procuram aclarar a ideia da sua própria nacionalidade no y doctor por la Universidad Complutense (1974, tesis Los apócrifos de Teócrito contexto da construção de uma Europa multifacetada, com personalidade históri- en el “Corpus Bucolicorum”. La estadística lingüística aplicada al problema de la ca, do passado ao presente. atribución de autor); enseñó Griego Clásico, Literatura Griega. Investigación en curso: presencia de Teócrito en la literatura española (siglos XV- XXI); revisión y actualización de tesis doctoral. This volume brings together contributions from authors from sixteen European WORK PUBLISHED countries who seek their roots in the classical Greek heritage and especially in WITH THE SPONSORSHIP OF Ramón Martínez was professor of the High School “Suárez de Figueroa” de Zafra literary or epigraphic texts written in ancient Greek, Byzantine, Renaissance or (1977-1979) and “Navarro Villoslada” de Pamplona (1979-2007), and also of the • later eras. With this they seek to clarify the idea of their own nationality in the EUROPATRIDA Complutense University of Madrid (1969-1977) and the University of Navarra (1979- context of the construction of a multifaceted Europe with a historical personality, 2010), both at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, section of Classical Philology. from the past to the present. He is member of Spanish Society of Classical Studies (SEEC) and was member of his National Committee (1989-2012). Research subjects: the reception of classical literature in the in later centuries, and teaching resources for the pre-university level. Francisco Oliveira, professor catedrático da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra e membro do seu Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanístico, é doutorado em “História da Cultura Clássica. Cultura Romana” pela Universidade de Coimbra EUROPATRIDA (dissertação: Ideias morais e políticas de Plínio o Antigo; traduzida para francês com o título Idées politiques et morales de Pline l’Ancien); lecionou comédia grega e romana; tragédia senequiana; historiografia latina; história antiga; história da Cultura Romana; teoria política antiga. FRANCISCO OLIVEIRA Atuais interesses científicos e editoriais: sociologia do teatro antigo, especialmente Aristófanes e a tragédia de Séneca; teoria política na antiguidade e em particular RAMÓN MARTÍNEZ no fim da República e Alto Império Romano; cidadania e misoginia nas sociedades clássicas; movimentos coletivos femininos na Grécia e em Roma; escolaridade COORDS. clássica em Portugal. Francisco Oliveira Portugal Francisco Oliveira Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Clássicos (APEC) Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da Universidade de Coimbra ORCID: 0000-0003-4871-243X ([email protected]) 1. INTRODUCTION1 Portuguese territory was frequented by the Greeks almost 2000 years before the existence of Portugal, a country whose definitive geographical identity was established shortly after it became independent in 1139 (formally, in 1143) by the 1297 Treaty of Alcañices2. It should, however, be emphasised that by the time of the Christian Reconquista (Reconquest) of territories occupied by the Moors after the Arab invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in the eighth century, a County of Portugal (Condado Portucalense) had existed since the eleventh century, corresponding to the territory within the Kingdom of Asturias and later the Kingdom of León (from 926 to 930, Count Ramiro Ordóñez used the Latin title of “King of Portugal”). It is also significant that the western coastline of Iberia, corresponding to Portugal and Galicia, has maintained its cultural and linguistic identity since very ancient times (at the end of the ninth century the language spoken in Portuguese territory was already free of Latin). Regardless of their diverging political fates, this identity is still evident nowadays. Evidence of contact with the Greek world is provided by archaeological finds throughout the Atlantic coastal area (in the Algarve, Álcacer do Sal, Santa Olaia, the area around Figueira da Foz and Esposende)3, and in legends that refer to the presence of the Greeks on the western coast of Iberia and Hispania or Hispaniae. Thus, Ulysses appears as the founder of Olysip(p)o or Lisbon, with Strabo attesting to the wanderings of various Homeric heroes through Iberia and the existence of a city called Odysseia (cf. Str. 3.2.13); the River Lima, to the north of Porto, would have been called Lethes; and the area immediately north of the River Minho would have been inhabited by Greeks (cf. Plin. Nat. 4.112: a Cilenis conventus Bracarum Helenni, Grovi, castelum Tude Graecorum 1 English translation by dr. Sheena Caldwell. 2 The Portuguese borders were defined following the conquest of the Algarve in 1249 and in the Treaty of Alcañices in 1297. 3 The exhibition “Greek Vases in Portugal: Beneath the Pillars of Hercules”, which presented over fifty fragments discovered in Lusitanian territory, opened on 25 January 2007 at the National Archeological Museum in Lisbon. See Rocha Pereira, 2010. https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1764-0_11 185 Portugal subolis omnia (“After the Cileni, under the jurisdiction of the Bracari, we have the Heleni, the Gravii, and the castle of Tyde, all of Greek origin”). References by Greek authors to the regions and peoples who partially or entirely inhabited the territory that would eventually become present-day Portugal, in particular the peoples named by the pagan authors as Bracari, Conii, Kallaikoi or Callaeci, Keltikoi or Celtici, Lysitanoi or Lusitani, and Turduli, fall within the concepts of Hispania, Hispaniae and Iberia4. As these sources are usually common, we refer to some texts from the chapter on Spain, highlighting only the passages that deal more specifically with Lusitania. Since they are very controversial and even derived from legend, I do not intend to consider references to peoples and islands in the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Kimmerioi or Cimerians (cf. Hom. Od. 11.9-22, text 1.1. in the chapter on Spain; cf. Str. 3.2.12-13), the famous Atlantis (see text. 1.4. in the chapter on Spain) and the Fortunate Isles (μακάρων νῆσοι), which have been identified as both the Spanish Canary Islands and the Portuguese islands of Madeira, Porto Santo and the Azores. Moreover, this is not the place to discuss chronologies or literary and archaeological sources, but only to indicate certain texts that clearly refer to territories from which an Iberian nation –Portugal– would be founded, or which illustrate how the Greek legacy has survived in Portuguese culture. The contact between the territory destined to become the future Portugal and the Greek civilisation was increased by the presence of the Romans, from 218 BC onwards. Prolonged resistance to the invaders was led, amongst others, by Viriathus, who was betrayed and murdered in 139 BC and is considered a national hero, and Sertorius. However, the Roman conquest was consolidated and in 27 BC Augustus created the province of Lusitania, which was already largely Romanised. Hence a culture imbued with Hellenic influence was transmitted to the indigenous peoples. In the Late Roman Empire, despite the surrender of the province to the Alans (411) and the fall of the Western Roman Empire, local culture was imbued with classical values, in particular legends, mythical names and anthroponyms. Significant figures included Paulus Orosius, the author of a world history written in around 416-417; Pascasius Dumiensis, who translated the Apothegmata Patrum from Greek to Latin, probably between 551 and 556, and Martinus Bracarensis (d. 579), heir
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Romanesque Architecture and Arts
    INDEX 9 PREFACES 17 1ST CHAPTER 19 Romanesque architecture and arts 24 Romanesque style and territory: the Douro and Tâmega basins 31 Devotions 33 The manorial nobility of Tâmega and Douro 36 Romanesque legacies in Tâmega and Douro 36 Chronologies 40 Religious architecture 54 Funerary elements 56 Civil architecture 57 Territory and landscape in the Tâmega and Douro between the 19th and the 21st centuries 57 The administrative evolution of the territory 61 Contemporary interventions (19th-21st centuries) 69 2ND CHAPTER 71 Bridge of Fundo de Rua, Aboadela, Amarante 83 Memorial of Alpendorada, Alpendorada e Matos, Marco de Canaveses ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE AND ARTS omanesque architecture was developed between the late 10th century and the first two decades of the 11th century. During this period, there is a striking dynamism in the defi- Rnition of original plans, new building solutions and in the first architectural sculpture ex- periments, especially in the regions of Burgundy, Poitou, Auvergne (France) and Catalonia (Spain). However, it is between 1060 and 1080 that Romanesque architecture consolidates its main techni- cal and formal innovations. According to Barral i Altet, the plans of the Romanesque churches, despite their diversity, are well defined around 1100; simultaneously, sculpture invades the building, covering the capitals and decorating façades and cloisters. The Romanesque has been regarded as the first European style. While it is certain that Romanesque architecture and arts are a common phenomenon to the European kingdoms of that period, the truth is that one of its main stylistic characteristics is exactly its regional diversity. It is from this standpoint that we should understand Portuguese Romanesque architecture, which developed in Portugal from the late 11th century on- wards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coimbra See and Its Chancery in Medieval Times
    The Coimbra See and its Chancery in Medieval Times Maria do Rosário Barbosa Morujão University of Coimbra [email protected] Abstract This article seeks to resume the main conclusions of the author’s Ph.D. thesis on the Coimbra See as an institution and a chancery from 1080 to 1318. The institutional approach, examining the evolution of the history of the diocese and its bishops, the organisation of the chapter and the government of the diocese, establishes a context for the study of the cathedral chancery, seeking to discover not only the charters produced at that writing office and their composition, writing and practices of validation, but also the human side of the scribes who worked there. Keywords Portugal, Medieval History, Diplomatic history, Palaeography, Sigillography, Cathedral, Bishop, Chapter, Chancery Resumo Este artigo resume as principais conclusões da tese de doutoramento da autora, na qual é analisada a Sé de Coimbra enquanto instituição e chancelaria, desde 1080 a 1318. A Sé é estudada do ponto de vista institucional, abordando-se a evolução da história da diocese e dos seus bispos, a organização do cabido e o governo da diocese. Esta análise contextualiza o estudo da chancelaria da catedral, que procura conhecer não apenas os actos escritos nela produzidos e as práticas de redacção, escrita e validação seguidas nesse centro de produção documental, mas também o quadro humano dos escribas que nele trabalhavam. Pala vras-chave Portugal; História Medieval; Diplomática; Paleografia; Sigilografia; Catedral; Bispo; Cabido; Chancelaria The purpose of this article is to present the main conclusions of my Ph.D. thesis entitled The Coimbra See: the institution and the chancery (1080-1318), which was defended at Coimbra University in July 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Portuguese History Storyboard
    Portuguese history storyboard Cláudia Martins [email protected] Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Escola Superior de Educação Abstract This paper intends to present relevant facts about the Portuguese culture and history, so as to enable a better understanding of who the Portuguese are and provide an overall perspective of the course of history in this westernmost part of Europe. Although the choice of historical facts was subjective by nature, it is believed it achieves the aim of presenting information in a critical but blithesome way, with a view to also deconstructing national stereotypes, such as that Portuguese people are always late or are crazy about football. Finally, it focuses on some information about the Portuguese language mainly to serve as a term of comparison with other European languages. Keywords: Portuguese culture, Portuguese language, historical facts, national symbols and icons. Introduction This paper starts with providing a brief introduction to Portugal, by focusing on general information about aspects such as our governmental system and suffrage, national languages, territory and climate, literacy and education, and national 146 Elisabete Silva, Clarisse Pais, Luís S. Pais holidays. Then five historical events of the utmost importance for the history of Portugal will be referred to, namely the independence of the kingdom in the 12th century, the two main struggles to regain independence towards Spain due to the succession crises (in the 14th century and then in the 17th century), the liberal revolution of the 19th century, the birth of the Republic at the beginning of the 20th century and the right-wing dictatorship which was overthrown by the Carnation Revolution of 1974.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from Portugal
    ALADINO FERNÁNDEZ Departamento de Geografía. Universidad de Oviedo Lessons from Portugal OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY like this, the cartographic, bibliographic, photographic and “webographic” support is essential. Comparisons are his brief research paper is an exercise of geographical often made with Asturias in order to highlight the didac- synthesis conceived as an activity of University Ex- tic approach of the work and adequately understand the tensionT from the “Casa de La Buelga” at the University of “lessons of Portugal”. Oviedo. This activity consists in the realization of a cultural itinerary through four cities in northern Portugal. Its main objective is to show and explain the exceptional urban land- ASSOCIATE CITIES scapes of Porto, Guimarães, Braga and Valença do Minho. All of them are historical cities, either of Roman ori- The cities visited form functional urban regions with gin such as Porto and Braga or medieval. In its organiza- the purpose of providing services, seeking the best pos- tion or medieval reorganization the role of the Kingdom sible efficiency and the greatest economy of resources. of Asturias was decisive: the cities are refounded and re- At the same time, these supra-municipal entities are in populated, moreover, the County of Portugal or Condado charge of issues related to infrastructure facilities and ter- Portucalense –whose capital city was Porto – is created ritorial planning and it is the origin of the Portuguese nation. This is the case of Porto, a city of cities that forms a The long historical trajectory and the monumental val- continuous urbanized space with almost a million and a ue they contain, with the representation of all artistic styles, half inhabitants and have a large industrial port, an inter- made possible the UNESCO declaration of World Heritage national airport, world-renowned wineries and a Metro.
    [Show full text]
  • From Gallaecia to the Euro-Region
    FROM GALLAECIA TO THE EURO-REGION TOURISTIC ROUTES OF OUR HISTORY FROM GALLAECIA TO THE EURO-REGION TOURISTIC ROUTES OF OUR HISTORY PUBLISHER. ENGLISH VERSION. Eixo Atlántico do Noroeste Peninsular Xiana Vázquez DIRECTOR. DESIGN AND LAYOUT. Xoan Vázquez Mao Antía Barba Mariño AUTHORS. PRODUCTION. Víctor Rodríguez Muníz Around Europe Advisors, LDA Laura Rodicio Pereira PRINTING. DRAFTING. Agencia Gráfica Gallega, S.L.U Paula Míllara Rolán ISBN: GENERAL COORDINATION. 978-989-99606-4-0 Cooperation Programs Department, DEP. LEG C 1037-2016 Eixo Atlántico LAYOUT COORDINATION. Chus Torres FROM GALLAECIA TO THE EURO-REGION TOURISTIC ROUTES OF OUR HISTORY Index 00Presentation. 01Stone art. Our prehistory. Introduction 8 Dolmens and tumulus 8 The Galician-Portuguese megalithic culture 9 A journey through petroglyphs. What messages do they hide? 12 The time of the menhir-statues 14 02Of castros and romans. A world in transition: the culture of castros 18 Evolution of the world of the castros 18 The Roman conquest 24 New ways of settlement 26 The greatness of Roman cities 28 The Roman roads network 30 The charm of going through an ancient Roman road 32 Gold 33 The Roman religion 35 03Germans, Arabs and Vikings: The early middle ages. Introduction 40 The Muslim invasion 43 The Viking threat 44 Pre-Romanesque art 45 04Of kings, bishops and monks: The middle ages. Introduction 48 In Galicia… 48 Meanwhile, in Portugal… 49 The cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 50 Cathedrals, showcase of the Romanesque style 53 Romanesque art through monasteries 55 Gothic architecture 62 Castles and fortresses 67 Politics at the end of the Middle Ages: game of thrones 69 The Irmandiños 71 05The modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • GRM CATALOGO WEB.Pdf
    14.11.2019 - 12.04.2020 Museo Centro Gaiás Fundación Cidade da Cultura Santiago de Compostela GALICIA, UN RELATO NO MUNDO ORGANIZA EXPOSICIÓN Xunta de Galicia COMISARIO GRÁFICA EN SALA PRESIDENTE Manuel Gago Mariño Ekinocio Comunicación Alberto Núñez Feijóo ASESORíA ESPECIAL EMIGRACIÓN ILUSTRACIÓNS Pilar Cagiao Vila Ilustraciones Consellería de Cultura e Turismo Miguel Peralta (Cestola na Cachola) CONSELLO CIENTÍFICO ASESOR CONSELLEIRO Miguel Robledo Consejo científico asesor Román Rodríguez González José Manuel Andrade Cernadas Novenoel SECRETARIO XERAL TÉCNICO Beatriz Comendador Rey REALIDADE VIRTUAL Secretario General Técnico José Manuel Costa-García Realidade virtual Manuel Vila López Emilio Grandío Seoane Pablo Aparicio DIRECTOR XERAL DE POLÍTICAS CULTURAIS Juan Manuel Monterroso Montero PRODUCIÓN SONORA Director General de Políticas Culturales Rafael Rodríguez Martínez Producción sonora Anxo Manuel Lorenzo Suárez Soledad Felloza COMISARIA XACOBEO 2021 PRODUCIÓN DE CONTIDOS VOZ Producción de contenidos Cecilia Pereira Marimón Mónica Caamaño Sara Alonso Rodríguez SOFTWARE Fundación Cidade da Cultura de Galicia Francisco Alonso Toucido Xoia Software Development S.L. DIRECTORA XERENTE Manuel Vicente García Directora Gerente IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SOFTWARE INTERACTIVO Ana Isabel Vázquez Reboredo COORDINACIÓN EXPOSICIÓN INUSUAL Departamento de exposicións de DIRECTORA DE ACCIÓN CULTURAL TRANSPORTE Acción Cultural María Pereira Otero Feltrero DIRECTOR DE OFICINA TÉCNICA ASISTENCIA EN COORDINACIÓN SEGUROS Benito García Caramés Aida Lojo Bárcena
    [Show full text]
  • History, Nation and Politics: the Middle Ages in Modern Portugal (1890-1947)
    History, Nation and Politics: the Middle Ages in Modern Portugal (1890-1947) Pedro Alexandre Guerreiro Martins Tese de Doutoramento em História Contemporânea Nome Completo do Autor Maio de 2016 Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História Contemporânea, realizada sob a orientação científica do Professor Doutor José Manuel Viegas Neves e do Professor Doutor Valentin Groebner (Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät – Universität Luzern) Apoio financeiro da FCT (Bolsa de Doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/80398/2011) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the more than four years of research and writing for this dissertation, there were several people and institutions that helped me both on a professional and personal level and without which this project could not have been accomplished. First of all, I would like to thank my two supervisors, Dr. José Neves and Dr. Valentin Groebner. Their support in the writing of the dissertation project and in the discussion of the several parts and versions of the text was essential to the completion of this task. A special acknowledgment to Dr. Groebner and to the staff of the University of Lucerne, for their courtesy in receiving me in Switzerland and support in all scientific and administrative requirements. Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude to all professors and researchers who, both in Portugal and abroad, gave me advice and references which were invaluable for this dissertation. I especially thank the assistance provided by professors Maria de Lurdes Rosa, Bernardo Vasconcelos e Sousa (FCSH-UNL) and David Matthews (Uni- versity of Manchester), whose knowledge of medieval history and of the uses of the Middle Ages was very important in the early stages of my project.
    [Show full text]
  • Castles North of Portugal
    CASTLES NORTH OF PORTUGAL www.portoenorte.pt Celorico de Basto Ponte de Lima 38 Castle of Arnoia 108 City Walls, Tower of São Paulo and Prison Tower Chaves 110 Palace of the Marquis 42 The Keep of the Castle of Chaves 44 Castle of St. Estevão Porto 46 Castle of Monforte de Rio Livre 112 Fernandine Wall of Porto Freixo de Espada à Cinta Póvoa de Lanhoso 50 “Torre do Galo” 116 Castle of Lanhoso Guimarães Santa Maria da Feira 54 Castle of Guimarães 120 Castle of Feira 57 City Walls of Guimarães Sernancelhe Lamego 124 “Porta do Sol” 60 Castle of Lamego Torre de Moncorvo Melgaço 128 Ruins of the Castle of Torre de 64 Castle of Melgaço Moncorvo 67 Castle of Castro Laboreiro 130 Castle of Mós Miranda do Douro Valença 70 Castle of Miranda do Douro 134 Remains of the Medieval Castle 136 Castle of Furnas general coordination Susana Matos 4 Presentation Mirandela Isabel Ferreira de Castro Vitor Sá 6 Map 74 Castle of Mirandela Vila Flor 140 Arch of D. Dinis technical coordination translation Arcos de Valdevez Mogadouro Paula Reis BabeliUM 8 Castle of Santa Cruz 78 Castle of Mogadouro Vila Nova de Cerveira Centro de Línguas da Universidade do Minho 11 Palace of Giela 81 Castle of Penas Róias 144 Castle of Cerveira technical team Pedro Botelho design Barcelos Monção Vila Nova de Foz Côa Sandra Martins Cristina Lamego 14 Castle of Faria 84 Castle of Monção 148 Castle of Numão 17 Wall and Tower of Porta Nova 86 Hill Castle of Penha da Rainha texts and photographs print 88 Lapela Tower Vila Pouca de Aguiar Municípios representados Lidergraf Braga 152 Castle
    [Show full text]
  • Guimarães: Practical Information
    Guimarães: Practical Information United Nations University (UNU-EGOV) December 2017 Guimarães: Practical Information 1. About Guimarães Located in the north of the country, about 320 km from Lisbon, Guimarães is one of the oldest cities in Portugal and is historically associated with the foundation and identity of the Portuguese nationality. Established in the 9th century, at the time called Vimaranes, it played a major role in the foundation of the country. The city was the main government seat of the County of Portugal, which existed between the years 868-1139 and was, at the time, part of the larger Kingdom of Léon. In this location, in the 12th century, was born D. Afonso Henriques, who was crowned the first King of Portugal. For that reason, Guimarães is known as “the cradle of the Portuguese nationality” (the words “Portugal was born here” can be seen written in one of the old city walls). The nickname of D. Afonso Henriques is “The Conqueror”, due to his battling efforts to gain independence and establish the Kingdom of Portugal, which happened in 1139. The premises of the United Nations University Operating Unit on Policy-Driven Electronic Governance (UNU-EGOV) are located at Campus de Couros, part of the University of Minho. The premises are very close to the old city walls and historical city centre, which was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001 and has been the subject of several regeneration projects. Address: Rua de Vila Flor 166, 4810-445 Guimarães, Portugal GPS Coordinates: 41°26'22.0"N 8°17'41.3"W 1.1 How to reach Guimarães The nearest airport is Porto Airport, also known as Airport Francisco Sá Carneiro, is located about 50 km from Guimarães.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociolinguistic (Re)Constructions of Diaspora Portugueseness: Portuguese-Canadian Youth in Toronto
    Sociolinguistic (re)constructions of diaspora portugueseness: Portuguese-Canadian youth in Toronto by Emanuel A. da Silva A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of French University of Toronto © Copyright by Emanuel A. da Silva (2011) Sociolinguistic (re)constructions of diaspora portugueseness: Portuguese-Canadian youth in Toronto Emanuel A. da Silva Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of French University of Toronto 2011 Abstract This dissertation demonstrates that notions of language and identity are not entirely about personal characteristics (what a person is born with, what is ―in his blood‖), nor are they entirely about agency (how a person chooses to present herself). Instead, they are largely about markets and about the multiple positionings of social actors within markets that are structured by ideologies of the nation state, immigration and the globalized new economy. This critical perspective challenges the normalized view that immigrant (diasporic) communities are simply natural social groupings or depoliticized transplantations of distinct ethnolinguistic units from their ―homeland‖. They are, like language and identity, carefully constructed and managed social projects that are shaped by forces from within and from without. In Canada, the conditions for the institutionalization and (re)production of ethnolinguistic differences, which also make and mark class relations, are strengthened by the state‘s multiculturalist policy. The Portuguese-Canadian community is one such ethnolinguistic market and the goal of this research is to examine which forms of portugueseness dominate the market, why and with what consequences for whom. Building from an ethnographic and critical sociolinguistic approach (Bourdieu 1977, Heller 2002), the qualitative data behind this research ii was produced through a two-year ethnography, participant observations and semi-structured interviews drawing primarily from six second-generation Portuguese-Canadians and members of their social networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Society in Medieval Galicia
    Culture and Society in Medieval Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe Edited and Translated by James D’Emilio LEIDEN | BOSTON For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xxiv List of Figures, Maps, and Tables XXVI Abbreviations xxxii List of Contributors xxxviii Part 1: The Paradox of Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe 1 The Paradox of Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe 3 James D’Emilio Part 2: The Suevic Kingdom Between Roman Gallaecia and Modern Myth Introduction to Part 2 126 2 The Suevi in Gallaecia An Introduction 131 Michael Kulikowski 3 Gallaecia in Late Antiquity The Suevic Kingdom and the Rise of Local Powers 146 P. C. Díaz and Luis R. Menéndez-Bueyes 4 The Suevic Kingdom Why Gallaecia? 176 Fernando López Sánchez 5 The Church in the Suevic Kingdom (411–585 ad) 210 Purificación Ubric For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> vi Contents Part 3: Early Medieval Galicia Tradition and Change Introduction to Part 3 246 6 The Aristocracy and the Monarchy in Northwest Iberia between the Eighth and the Eleventh Century 251 Amancio Isla 7 The Charter of Theodenandus Writing, Ecclesiastical Culture, and Monastic Reform in Tenth- Century Galicia 281 James D’ Emilio 8 From Galicia to the Rhône Legal Practice in Northern Spain around the Year 1000 343 Jeffrey A. Bowman Part 4: Galicia in the Iberian Kingdoms From Center to Periphery? Introduction to Part 4 362 9 The Making of Galicia in Feudal Spain (1065–1157) 367 Ermelindo Portela 10 Galicia and the Galicians in the Latin Chronicles of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries 400 Emma Falque 11 The Kingdom of Galicia and the Monarchy of Castile-León in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries 429 Francisco Javier Pérez Rodríguez For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> Contents vii Part 5: Compostela, Galicia, and Europe Galician Culture in the Age of the Pilgrimage Introduction to Part 5 464 12 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Portugal: Past and Present
    Portugal: Past and Present Sofia Gramaxo 23 April 2018 Portugal Portugal Official Name: Portuguese Republic Capital: Lisbon Other important cities: Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra, Évora, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Porto, Setúbal Date of the current Constitution: April 1976. Language: Portuguese Currency: Euro (EUR) Population: 10 million Religions: 81.0% Roman Catholic, 3.3% other Christians, 0.6% other religion, 6.8% no religion, 8.3% undeclared Past Let’s Watch! A brief History of Portugal! Portugal Milestones • Foundation: 868 • Re-founding: 1095 • Sovereignty: 24 June 1128 • Kingdom: 26 July 1139 • Recognition: 5 October 1143 • Papal recognition: 23 May 1179 • Restoration: 1 December 1640 • Republic: 5 October 1910 • Democratization: 25 April 1974 • European Union accession: 1 January 1986 1143 Afonso Henriques: The First King of Portugal. Also known as Afonso the 1st Portugal: Past Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede, was the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso Henriques is the First King of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143. Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama Portugal: Past In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers.
    [Show full text]