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Click to Add Title Click to Add Subtitle (If Applicable) Click to Add Identifying Command, Control and Communication Networks from Interactions and Activities Observations Georgiy Levchuk, Ph.D., Aptima Inc. Yuri Levchuk, Ph.D., Aptima Inc. CCRTS, 2006 © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 1 Agenda Challenges of tactical operations Proposed integrated solution concept Focus of this research: adversary organization identification Technical approach Results and conclusions © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 2 3 Major Challenges of Tactical Operations Conflicts Trends Technology/Information Trends Adversary’s Trends 70 4500 Past 60 4000 Large-size forces of well-known 3500 50 organizational forms 3000 40 Current 2500 Main telephone lines 30 Small- to moderate-size militia 2000 Mobile cellular forces taking many less #, Millions subscribers 20 1500 Internet users organized forms # of US forces ops forces US # of 10 1000 Future: Adaptive Enemy 0 500 Almost unrestricted ability to 1946-1969 1970-1990 1991-2006 0 connect and coordinate 1992 1998 2004 2010 (est) Years Year Can change size and adapt Past Past structure Slow-time conflict Mainly hard-line communications Numbered engagements Current Internet traffic doubles/year Current 630,000 phone lines installed/week Tactical Planning Issues Asymmetric threats and 50,000 new wireless users/day changing missions 650M SIGINT cables generated High manpower needs (~0.001% to products) Takes long time Future: Increased # of Ops 34M voice mail messages/day High info gaps, complexity, Fast-paced engagements 7.7M e-mails sent/min overload Larger number of and Future: Data Explosion Biases of human decisions higher time criticality Data impossible to analyze manually © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 3 Solution: A System to Aid Battlefield CMDR to Design Effective Counteractions against Tactical Adversary Semi-automated System CMDR & planning staff Battlefield Execute attacks against enemy Gather intel INPUT PRODUCT •comm. intercepts predicted enemy C2 vulnerabilities & counteractions, •events structure, CMDR counter-action disruptions & probes •actions roles, & intent impact assessment plan Outcome: enemy’s performance Challenges degrades Complexity: large data amounts & –incorrect actions –delayed commands solution space to explore –missed critical information and Criticality: limited time for decision engagements Uncertainty: large data gaps © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 4 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Mission: US SOF assist the army of Urbanistan (AOU) in Suburbistan their spring offensive against the territories held by the Urbanistan militant rebel coalition called True Sons of Urbanistan Dizzikh (TSU). Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● Situation: TSU irregulars are well concealed in towns and Ruralstan mountains of their Liberated Zone. Extensive system of tunnels and caves. Porous borders with neighboring countries. Gollyadov: Field Commander of semi- Enemy Command and Control: TSU is led by a independent network of several disparate organizations, formation. Staff of 4-7 ranging from informal cells to military structure. competent personnel. Coordinates with Mountain Martyrs. “Liberated Lions Brigade : 10-12 people, some with FSU Zone” military training. CMDR Abbadirov – Former Soviet Spetsnaz officer. Mountain Martyrs Detachment Uses cell system. Supported by an Qashcow Tribal Council: 10-15 people, control up to 200 influential deputy and 2-3 senior local fighters. Report to Abbadirov but often stays neutral advisers. © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 5 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Mission: US SOF assist the army of Urbanistan (AOU) in Suburbistan their spring offensive against the territories held by the Urbanistan militant rebel coalition called True Sons of Urbanistan Dizzikh (TSU). Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● Situation: TSU irregulars are well concealed in towns and Ruralstan mountains of their Liberated Zone. Extensive system of tunnels and caves. Porous borders with neighboring countries. Enemy Command and Control: TSU is led by a network of several disparate organizations, ranging from informal cells to military structure. Original Plan of the offensive: AOU forces penetrate the Liberated Zone along 4 avenues of approach. NLT H+72 seal the borders. “Liberated Zone” © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 6 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Mission: US SOF assist the army of Urbanistan (AOU) in Suburbistan their spring offensive against the territories held by the Urbanistan militant rebel coalition called True Sons of Urbanistan Dizzikh (TSU). Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● Situation: TSU irregulars are well concealed in towns and Ruralstan mountains of their Liberated Zone. Extensive system of tunnels and caves. Porous borders with neighboring countries. Enemy Command and Control: TSU is led by a network of several disparate organizations, ranging from informal cells to military structure. Original Plan of the offensive: AOU forces penetrate the Liberated Zone along 4 avenues of approach. NLT H+72 seal the borders. Defeat larger units of TSU with the help of US air “Liberated assets and AOU armor. Zone” © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 7 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Mission: US SOF assist the army of Urbanistan (AOU) in Suburbistan their spring offensive against the territories held by the Urbanistan militant rebel coalition called True Sons of Urbanistan Dizzikh (TSU). Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● Situation: TSU irregulars are well concealed in towns and Ruralstan mountains of their Liberated Zone. Extensive system of tunnels and caves. Porous borders with neighboring countries. Enemy Command and Control: TSU is led by a network of several disparate organizations, ranging from informal cells to military structure. Original Plan of the offensive: AOU forces penetrate the Liberated Zone along 4 avenues of approach. NLT H+72 seal the borders. Defeat larger units of TSU with the help of US air “Liberated assets and AOU armor. NLT H+240 force Zone” TSU fighters into several base towns. Isolate and conduct clean-up operations.. © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 8 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Original Plan of the offensive: AOU forces Suburbistan penetrate the Liberated Zone along 4 avenues of Urbanistan approach. NLT H+72 seal the borders. Dizzikh Defeat larger units of TSU with the help of US air Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● assets and AOU armor. NLT H+240 force Ruralstan TSU fighters into several base towns. Isolate and conduct clean-up operations.. Uncertainties in the Original Plan: - Movement of the enemy units (and rapid concentration of forces in well protected areas) - Attempted points of massive exfiltration of TSU into the Dizzikh region and/or across the border - Events that may influence the outcome (e.g., cross-border instigation of uprising in Ruralstan’s town of Gosh) Info to Help Reduce Uncertainty : “Liberated Mountain Martyrs CMDR - Name Zone” - Structure of the enemy C2 Unknown - Locations of the enemy leadership Abbadirov - Ties between TSU and groups in Ruralstan’s Gollyadov town of Gosh NetSTARNetSTAR:: UtilizeUtilize friendlyfriendly inteintell capabilitiescapabilities (US(US multi-INTmulti-INT capabilitiescapabilities plusplus UrbaniUrbani IntService’sIntService’s HUMINT)HUMINT) ttoo fillfill inin thethe blanksblanks inin thethe InfoInfo © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 9 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government Original Plan of the offensive: AOU forces Suburbistan penetrate the Liberated Zone along 4 avenues of Urbanistan approach. NLT H+72 seal the borders. Dizzikh Defeat larger units of TSU with the help of US air Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● assets and AOU armor. NLT H+240 force Ruralstan TSU fighters into several base towns. Isolate and conduct clean-up operations.. Summary of NetSTAR findings and follow-up analysis: - Chief Leadership is located at Mountain Martyrs Cell - attempt to exfiltrate in/out/by sea is likely - area is likely well protected; - rapid concentration of forces if assaulted is likely Mountain - Secondary echelon of operational command is Martyrs with Lions Brigade (CMDR Abbadirov) Lions - may conduct a massive exfiltration of TSU into Brigade the Dizzikh region or across the border - likely to initiate distraction maneuvers to divert attention from Chief Leadership Projected enemy strategy: - Two main exfiltration brake-through efforts with possible rapid concentration of forces at Mountain Martyrs area of operations © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 10 Notional Scenario: Support Spring Offensive of Urbanistan Government NetSTAR-aided Plan of the offensive: Suburbistan - AOU forces penetrate the Liberated Zone along Urbanistan 4 avenues of approach. NLT H+72 seal the Dizzikh borders. Concentrate own forces to block Qashcow ● ● Eddiren Gosh ● movement of enemy forces towards Mountain Ruralstan NetSTAR-driven Martyrs. Block sea access. Set up ambush plan groups. modifications - Massive air strikes at Mountain Martyrs and Lions Brigade positions - Defeat larger units of TSU with the help of US air assets and AOU armor. - NLT H+240 force TSU fighters into several base Mountain towns. Isolate and conduct clean-up operations. Martyrs Lions Brigade © 2006, Aptima, Inc. 11 Desired Capability Identify Enemy C2 Structure and Likely Strategy Outcome of applying modified Plan: Enemy force concentration prevented, escape routs blocked; Enemy leadership captured/ annihilated; Enemy forces defeated Battlefield •disruptions & probes plan •observations NetSTAR-driven COA Projected Enemy recommendations:
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