Westpomeranian Nuclear Valley and its future development.
prof. Mariusz P. Dąbrowski University of Szczecin, Institute of Physics; Voivode’s Plenipotentiary for the Nuclear Energy Development
24 September 2010 r, Warszawa Most Wanted! Conference & Events 1 1. Our fundamental idea – coexistence of nuclear technology with the touristic infrastructure.
March 2009 - while formulating the plan to introduce nuclear power into the region by the Westpomeranian Nuclear Energy Group (NEG) the idea was to to site nuclear plants there and at the asme time to protect the landscape.
- touristic business is restricted to a narrow belt of the seaside and dispersed villages at the lakes only - inhabitants of the regions away from the sea (even a couple of kilometers away) Our logo: cannot benefit from that Westpomeranian Sea of Adventure business strongly
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 2 This is why nuclear power plants as the industrial objects of: - best efficiency in terms of the amount of used fuel - best advanced technology and a compact construction body - lack of the emission of the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases - lack of other form of pollution (ashes, cadmium, arsenium, etc.) allow an ideal localization in the sourroundings of the less industrial regions to support local economy and prosperity of the region.
Ringhals -Sweden
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 3 Nuclear energy which explores the strong interactions inside the atomic nuclei is the most efficient known source of energy for now – gives tens of millions (106 eV) times more energy per a particle than burning fossils!
E = mc2
Binding energy = „defect of mass” – a difference of 1 gram of mass is multiplied by a square of the velocity of light which is a factor equal to 90 million of billions. Most Wanted! Conference & Events 4 Fission
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 5 Nuclear processes: little fuel – a lot of energy:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 6 1 kg of uranium = 824.000 bulbs of power 100 Watts can light throughout the whole year
Nuclear power plant of 1000 MW power needs only one truck of fuel (about 25 tonnes)
Coal plant requires 3 mln tonnes of fuel
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 7 A lot of cheap energy!
Germany € cent/kWh
Coal Lignite Oil Gas Nuclear Water Wind Sun
3,3 3,0 3,1 3,6 2,1 7,0 7,0 60
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 8 A lot of safe energy!
Nuclear power plants: less than 0,1 mSv (EUR), 0,01 mSv (France).
Much less than from natural background radiation – cosmos and Earth crust.
e.g. Australia – average 2,3 mSv/year (cosmos 0,6 mSv, Earth 0,6 mSv, Earth-radon 0,2 mSv, other 0,4 mSv, medical diagnostics 0,8 mSv)
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 9 Nuclear power plants and the environment: Los Vandellos - Spain
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 10 Loara Valley - France
Chinon castle, France – 10 km away from nuclear plant Chinon by Loara
A couple of nuclear power plants at the touristic Loara Valley: Chinon, Saint-laurent, Dampierre, Bellville
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 11 Gravelines – North of France
Waste heat from the plant is used by local aquafarmers to grow the fish faster.
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 12 Diablo Canyon – California, USA
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 13 2. Westpomeranian nuclear power plant nominated sites as a strong support of the Polish Nuclear Energy Programme.
• advantages related to general criteria for the nuclear power plant (NPP) sites given by IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) • advantages based on the comparative analysis of the NPP sites worldwide • indications coming from the need to improve energetic infrastructure • economic and social indicators (the decline of the local industry (e.g. a shipyard), the unemployment in a nearly half-a-million complex Szczecin-Stargard Szczeciński)
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 14 Basic conditions to nominate a site: • non-seismic ground conditions • demographics • a site of at least 100 ha size available • good means of transport (water – port, roads, railway) • an easy access to water reservoirs required to cool the reactor • short distance to electricity consumers (including industrial ones) • safety zone (min. 1 km) • local community support These conditions are fulfilled very well for the Westpomeranian region!!! Most Wanted! Conference & Events 15 Site nomination form:
Prepared for the purpose of the preliminary evaluation of sites by the Nuclear Energy Group (NEG) based on the following documents: 1) „Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power”, IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-G-3.1, Vienna 2007; 2) „Towards a Nuclear National Policy Statement (Consultation on the strategic siting assessment)”, BERR, UK, July 2008; 3) „Towards a Nuclear National Policy Statement (Government response)”, Office for Nuclear Development, UK, January 2009.
Each form was appended with a proper documentation (maps etc. ) and after collection by the NEG 10 site proposals (out of total 27 throughout the whole country) from the Westpomeranian region were submitted to the Polish Ministry of Economy on the 5th of November 2009. Most Wanted! Conference & Events 16 Westpomeranian Nuclear Valley – nominated sites:
4 regions, 10 nominated sites Region I – KOPAŃ: I.1 – site „Kopań”:
The site was already nominated by the Government in the early NPP programme in the 80ties – about 300 ha
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 17 Advantages:
• Baltic sea 1200 m from the site • Owner of the property is state • Transport infrastructure (roads 1st state category, railway, airports) • Darłowo is a seaport (this eases transport of pieces of a reactor) • minimum safety zone 800 m admitted
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 18 Most Wanted! Conference & Events 19 Site „Kopań” from the air:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 20 Site „Kopań” from the air:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 21 Similar sites in the world – Onagawa, Japan:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 22 Region II – STARGARD:
II.1 – site „Krzywiec” – 1403 ha II.2 – site „Lisowo” – 2259 ha II.3 – site „Wiechowo” – 1376 ha Most Wanted! Conference & Events 23 Site „Krzywiec”:
Dzwonowskie ponds, Krąpiel river
Good transport Infrastructure
Next to the main 400 kV grid line Szczecin-Gdańsk
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 24 Region III – GRYFINO: III.1 – site „Pniewo” – 428 ha III.2 – site „Pniewo- Krajnik” – 50 ha III.3 – site „Dębogóra” – 240 ha III.4 – site „Krzymów” – 674 ha
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 25 Sites „Pniewo” and „Pniewo-Krajnik”:
Adv: sites are attached or lie not farther than 1 km from Odra river; owners: Polish Energy Group (PGE) and the Country Treasure; neighboring to the coal plant „Dolna Odra”
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 26 Sites „Dębogóra” and „Krzymów”:
Adv: sites not farther than 200-500 m from Odra river; owner: the Contry Treasure and the Country Forestry; 40-50 km from Szczecin port, railtrack Szczecin-Zielona Góra Disadv: objection from local German Government (Brandemburgia)
Despite on the other side of the river Odra (Schwedt) there is a chemical factory and a waste burning factory Most Wanted! Conference & Events 27 Region GRYFINO – coal plant „Dolna Odra”:
The main source of the electricity for Westpomeranian Voivodeship – 1772 MWe and 100 MWth. Opened in 1974.
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 28 Region IV – STEPNICA by Szczecin Bay:
II.1 – site „Stepnica-1” – 130 ha II.2 – site „Stepnica-2” – 150 ha
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 29 Site „Stepnica-1”:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 30 Sites „Stepnica-1, 2”:
• Adv.: one of the best of all polish sites access to water; • Szczecin Bay is the largest Polish water reservoir (area 911,8 km2; 457,3 km2 on the Polish territory; an average depth 4m; water volume 2,75 km3; an average annual Odra river flow 16,3 km3; salinity 0,05-0,2 %) • Stepnica town has its own port, which is being modernized (an easy transport of parts of the reactor)
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 31 • an access to a local road no 112 (1 km) and country road S-3 (15 km) • 35 km from Goleniów airport, • 20 km from railway line in Goleniów • 220 kV grid line is planned nearby • property belongs to one owner (private) Most Wanted! Conference & Events 32 Map of all 10 nominated Westpomeranian sites:
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 33 Most Wanted! Conference & Events 34 3. Advantages of Westpomeranian sites versus the evaluation and ranking of the Ministry of Economy (16 March 2010) – 17 criteria of IAEA
1. Integration with the electric system. 2. Geology and tectonics. 3. Seismology. 4. Hydrology. 5. Acess to a colling water. 6. Demography and agriculture. 7. Meteorology (tornados, hurricanes etc.) 8. Flora and fauna. 9. Nuclear safety and radiation protection. 10. General impact onto the environment.
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 35 11. Human caused events. 12. Infrastructure (roads, railway tracks, airports). 13. Cultural inherities. 14. Evacuation roads. 15. Możliwość Air, land and water transport opportunity. 16. Legal aspects (construction plans, property of the land). 17. Social support.
Ranking gives a recommendation for the investor only – some of the notes do not seem to be convincing
Top three sites selected are somewhat a „repetition” of the ranking list from the 80-ties.
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 36 No Site name Total notes 1 Żarnowiec 65,6 2 Warta-Klempicz 59,9 3 Kopań 55,8 4 Nowe Miasto 55,3 5 Bełchatów 53,1 6 Nieszawa 52,0 7 Tczew 51,8 8 Choczewo 51,0 9 Połaniec 49,7 10 Chotcza 49,6 11 Małkina 49,1 12 Krzywiec 49,0 13 Krzymów 48,8 14 Kozienice 48,2 15 Wyszków 48,0 16 Pniewo 47,9 17 Pniewo-Krajnik 47,9 18 Lubiatowo-Kopalino 47,2 19 Dębogóra 46,2 20 Stepnica-1 45,3 21 Stepnica-2 45,3 22 Wiechowo 45,2 23 Karolewo 44,8 24 Lisowo 44,8 25 Gościeradów 43,6 26 Chełmno Most Wanted! Conference42,2 & Events 37 27 Pątnów 39,6 Most Wanted! Conference & Events 38 Some critical remarks related to positions of the Westpomeranian sites at the ranking
1. Most of them at the bottom on the list apart from site Kopań”. 2. Localizations having an easy access to a cooling water (sea) not necessarily at the top of the list (Choczewo and Lubiatowo- Kopalino – Pomeranian Voivodeship). 3. Szczecin Bay sites (Stepnica-1 and Stepnica-2) got the same marks as sites by the rivers (1 point instead of 4 points – an open cooling system on the river). 4. Low marks for the environmental issues (reserves, flora and fauna, etc.) – this apparently contradicts our idea of cohabitation of the nuclear power plants with nature. 5. High marks for infrastructure and transport.
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 39 Remarks contd.
6. No marks for the legal aspects related to the ownership of the land (for example one-owner-sites should be favoured). 7. Extra points (2,0) for the „old” sites (80ties) Żarnowiec and Klempicz.
However: • most important for the success of the final siting by an investor is the support of the local communities (investment risk) • worldwide average support from the local community near the site is usually high – in France it is about 70-80 %, in the USA in the circle of 16 km around the sity the average support is even higher and reaches 80 % Most Wanted! Conference & Events 40 An access to a cooling water important:
Open cooling system is cheapest (about 2-3% save for the operator)
In Britain all currently proposed sites are at the sea
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 41 4. Work with local communities.
• The awarness of real aspects of nuclear power within the local communities is still very weak – one needs a very wide and multidisciplinary educational activity in the field (television, radio, press, internet, teachers, pupils) • Lack of the educational programmes (television), few press articles about the impact of nuclear plants onto the local communities worldwide (TV channels like Discovery etc.) • Big destructive influence of prejudice and slogans about nuclear energy (Chernobyl syndrom) • Young people are more open to discussion on arguments, have more interest
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 42 „Atomic Weekend” – site „Kopań”, Commune Darłowo 11-12.06.2010 (school lessons, meetings with teachers and site neighborhood inhabitants)
Left to Right: K. Czerski, A. Jędrzejczak, L. Pieńkowski
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 43 Local community worries
• Problem of the impact of the NPP onto the touristic business in the region • External owners (living most of the year in big cities or abroad) of the pensions and the hotels which form a large lobby will not be able to vote in the local referendum because of the legal regulation • Problem of the future nuclear power plant localization onto the preferences of the tourist in visiting the region or rather avoiding it • Land prices variability due to site nomination • Suggest research to investigate the relation: NPP localization – touristic business
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 44 Protests
Pensions and hotels owners mainly Most Wanted! Conference & Events 45 Polish Senate Document Based on foreign examples (Sweden, Belgium, Czech, France) Shows no negative (sometimes even positive) impact of NPP localization onto the touristic business
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 46 Summary:
Nuclear energy is currently the most efficient, clean and safe source to fulfil the demand for the energy in the contemporary world. Safety and non-emissivity allows to place NPPs in natural environment of the Westpomeranian region. 4 regions with 10 sites have a potential which can bravely be called „Westpomeranian Nuclear Valley”. The vicinity of large water reservoirs, ports, good communication give strong support for this claim. Most Wanted! Conference & Events 47 Zespół Organizacyjny Most Wanted! Conferences & Events
Tel. 22 825 00 88 wew.117 Fax. 22 825 00 88 wew. 121
Most Wanted! Conference & Events 48