DRAFT EIA-EMP REPORT FOR
OHolistic Development of Surat AirportP
{Cat. A under Item 7 (a)R Airports}
Location: Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat) Total Plot Area: 784.37 acres (No change)
Work Order No.: AAI/CHQ/Engg(WR)/Surat/EIA; Dated: 18.01.2018
Project In charge: Mr. Barun K. Bhattacharya M AGM (Engg. Civil)
Baseline date Generation March to May, 2019
Project cost Rs. 353.25 Crore/-
APPLICANT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT
Airports Authority of India Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt Ltd Corporate Headquarters: #102, SNG, Shri Ratna Apartment, Peetal factory, Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan, Safdarjung Airport, Jhotwara road, Bani Park, Jaipur-302016 Block-A, New Delhi-110 003 E-mail- [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] NABET Accreditation: NABET/EIA/1720/IA0026
Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India
Draft EIA/EMP Report for thep “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)”
This report is released for the use of Airports Authority of India, regulators, and relevant stakeholders solely as a part of the subject projects’ EIA studies. Information provided in the report shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Gaurang Environmental Solutions P. Ltd.
QUALITY CONTROL Project Name Draft EIA/EMP Report for the “Holistic Development of Surat Airport” Report No. GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Revision No. 00 Release Date 27.09.2019 EIA Coordinator Mr. Vipul Khandelwal
INDEMNIFICATION Utmost care has been taken in preparation of this Report vis a vis proposed “Holistic Development of Surat Airport”, Surat (Gujarat). The data incorporated in the report is generated through field visits as well as secondary information, besides stakeholders interaction and inputs. Due care has been taken to represent facts and figures and sources acknowledged. The purpose of this document is to facilitate environmental appraisal of the proposal and as such the exercise has been scientifically carried out. The Consultant stand indemnified against any consequences arising out of any inadvertent omissions.
Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India
DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT ENGAGED
Declaration by Experts contributing to the Project: Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Surat (Gujarat) I hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above report EIA Coordinator Airports (7a) Name Mr. Vipul Khandelwal Signature & Date
Period of involvement January 2019 till date Address Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. #102, SNG, Shri Ratna Apartment, Peetal factory, Banipark, Jhotwara road, Jaipur-302016 Phone No. 0141-4029115 E-mail [email protected]
FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS: Functional Name of the expert/s Involvement (period and task**) Signature and areas date • Mr. Pawan Sut • Selecting parameters for monitoring. AP* Sharma • Identifying and assessing quantum of • Ms. Ginni Barotia emissions.
• Identification of probable impacts of the different air emissions from the project • Identification of suitable pollution control device.
Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India
WP* • Mr. Pradyumna • Designing of water balance and Arvind Deshpande developing schemes for cascading use • Ms. Ginni Barotia (recycle, reuse) of water • Ms. Pooja Bunker- • Identification of probable impacts of FAA effluent/ waste water discharges in to the receiving environment/ water bodies
SHW* • Ms. Ginni Barotia • Identification of wastes as per applicable rules & guidelines. • Suggesting measures for handling waste. • Suggesting methodologies for segregation, collection & disposal of C&D waste, Solid waste 7 hazardous waste as per applicable rules & guidelines.
SE* • Mr. Kapil Sharma • Conducting baseline socio-economic • Mr. Vinod Kumar survey. Verma-FAA • Conduct social needs assessment studies • Preparing need-based CSR plan. EB* Mr. Abhishek Gautam • To survey flora – fauna. • To identify ecologically important areas
around project location. • To identify threatened species in the project area. • To identify impact of proposed project on flora – fauna. • To recommend mitigations / greenbelt development Geo • Mr. Mukesh Suroliya
Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Project : “Holistic Developmpment of Surat Airport , at Surat International Airpoport, Surat (Gujarat) ” Promoter : Airports Authorityity of India
• Mr. Vidya BhushanB Trivedi HG* • Mr. MMukesh • Analysis of surface hydrological datata Suroliya • Computation of ground water rechaharge, • Mr. Vidya BhushanB flow rate and direction. Trivedi SC* Mr. Pradyumnaa ArvindA Deshpande AQ* Mr. Mallikarjunana • Analyzing micro meteorologicall data Murthy Guttula for use in modeling • Collecting and using secondary dataata on meteorology like cloud cover, inverersion related data, mixing heights etc.,c., for modeling • Application of relevant air quauality models in prediction of dispersionion of pollutants, • Plotting of isopleths of GLCs G representing incremental pollullution levels, on suitable maps showing both,b the sources of pollution as well as the environmentally sensitive receptors.rs. NV* • Mr. Pawanan Sut • Impacts of noise on fauna from fr Sharma projects in ecologically sensisitive
• Mr. Haneeshsh PR areas • Probable impacts of noise andnd on communities, buildings, structuctures etc. • Control of noise emanating from fr project activities. LU* • Mr. Kapil SharmaSh • Generation and analysis of data relatedrel • Mr. Vinodd Kumar to land use pattern Verma-FAAA • Integration of land use related data/d information for assessing environmemental
Gaurang Environmentntal Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India
impacts of developmental projects • Assessment of land use and land cover. RH* • Mr. Pawan Sut • Assessment and mitigation of probable Sharma impacts. • Ms. Ginni Barotia • Suggesting PPE for workers. • Measures for risk assessment.
Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/authorized person
Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/authorized person
I, Vipul Khandelwal hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Draft EIA/EMP report of proposed “Holistic Development of Surat Airport” located at Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat), promoted by Airports Authority of India for Environmental Clearance. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature:
Name : Vipul Khandelwal Designation : Director Name of the EIA consultant organization : Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt Ltd NABET Certificate no. & Issue Date : NABET/EIA/1720/IA0026: June 12, 2017
**********
Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India
INDEX
S. No Particulars Page No 1. Form I 1-9 2. EIA Report 12-262 Chapter 1 Introduction 12-34 Chapter 2 Project Description 35-53 Chapter 3 Description of Environment 54-122 Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts 123-178 & Mitigation Measures Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternative Site & Technology 179-180 Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Programme 181-185 Chapter 7 Additional Studies 186-221 Chapter 8 Project Benefits 222-225 Chapter 9 Environmental Cost Benefits Analysis 226-227 Chapter 10 EMP 228-244 Chapter 11 Summary & Conclusion 245-259 Chapter 12 Disclosure of Consultant Engaged 260-265 3. Annexure 266-302 i. Copy of Terms of Reference letter 267-275 ii. 10 Km Toposheet of Study Area 276-277 iii. Master Plan of Airport 278-279 iv. Environmental Monitoring Reports 280-298 v. Authorization Letter in favour of Authorized Signatory 299-300 vi. NABET Certificate of Consultant Organization 301-305 vii Office order regarding obstacle monitoring committee 306-307 viii Affidavit by Airport Authority of India 308-310 ix Traffic Study Report 311-314
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( '' Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India EIA Report Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1 Introduction Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Introduction Surat International Airport is located on Magdalla - Dumas Road towards the famous Dumas Beach on the South-West part of the Surat city, approximately 20 kms from the city center. The Airport currently serves Surat city with a population of 6 million and serves the South Gujarat region with an overall population of 12 million. Besides the intrastate connectivity provided by Surat based NSOP, with Ahmedabad, Amreli, Bhavnagar and Rajkot; the city has had limited air connectivity, for many long years, until recently. The new airport terminal was inaugurated in the year 2009 and licensed by the DGCA as aerodrome for public use in 2011 as per the ICAO guidelines. In addition to Scheduled Airlines, many Charter Services of MNCs from Hazira, VVIP Movements (PMOI), State Government (CMGUJ), Air force(C 17 Globe master), Indian Navy, Coast Guard, are being operated. Also Pilot Training Academy and a Non Scheduled Operator - Ventura Air Connect is based at Surat. Hopefully with Extended Passenger Terminal being added in the next two years, Surat Airport seems to be taking to wings over the seven seas and should be all set to achieve a fully-fledged International Status by year 2019 with a capacity to handle more than a Million passengers yearly and a ranking among top 30 busy Airports in India. The present proposal involves holistic development of the Surat airport including Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and associated works. 1.1 Purpose of the Report Gaurang Environmental Solutions Private Limited has been assigned to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and preparation of Environment Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 12 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction Management Plan (EMP) for various environmental components arising out of the proposed expansion work at Surat International Airport. The proposal involves Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track and other allied works. The project activity is scheduled at Item 7 (a) as Category “A” project and therefore requires prior Environmental Clearance under the provisions of EIA Notification, 2006 and subsequent amendments. The application for obtaining Terms of References for carrying out EIA studies was submitted at MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The project was considered in the 39th meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC- Infra-2) held on 26th -28th March, 2019, wherein ToR was recommended by EAC. As per the recommendation of the EAC, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change accorded ToR to the project vide letter No. F.No. 10-16/2019-IA-III dated 28th June, 2019 (copy of TOR enclosed as Annexure 1). Baseline studies were commissioned during March’ – May’ 19. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared to provide information on the potential negative and positive environmental, social and economic impacts of the project. It also aims to make recommendations for mitigation of the potential negative impacts and enhancement of the positive ones. Baseline studies along with field surveys were conducted and potential environmental impacts of the project activities were identified, assessed and documented in this report. 1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1.2.1 Identification of the project: The proposal involves holistic development of the Surat airport including Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and associated works. The proposed expansion of Airport is categorized as category A under item 7 (a) of Schedule - Gazette Notification dated Sept. 14th, 2006 and its subsequent amendments for preparation of Environment Impact Assessment study and Environment Management Plan. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 13 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction The proposed expansion will be done within the existing airport premises. No additional land is required for the proposed holistic development of Surat International Airport. The details of proposed developmental works are given in follow-up sections. 1.2.2 Identification of project proponent: The project is promoted by Airports Authority of India (AAI). The Airports Authority of India under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Air traffic management (ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas. AAI manages 125 airports, which include 18 International Airport, 07 Customs Airports, 78 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defense airfields. AAI provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space. During the year 2013-14, AAI handled aircraft movement of 1536.60 Thousand (International 335.95 & Domestic 1200.65), Passengers handled 168.91 Million (International 46.62 & Domestic 122.29) and the cargo handled 2279.14 thousand MT (International 1443.04 & Domestic 836.10). AAI also has ground installations at all airports and 25 other locations to ensure safety of aircraft operations. AAI covers all major air-routes over Indian landmass via 29 Radar installations at 11 locations along with 700VOR/DVOR installations co-located with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). 52 runways are provided with Instrument landing system (ILS) installations with Night Landing Facilities at most of these airports and Automatic Message Switching System at 15 Airports. Address: Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat) 395007 E-Mail address: [email protected] Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 14 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction 1.3 Brief Description of Project 1.3.1 Nature of the Project: The proposal involves holistic development of the Surat airport including Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and associated works. The proposed activity is categorized as “Category A” project under item 7 (a) of Schedule - Gazette Notification dated Sept. 14th, 2006 and its subsequent amendments. 1.3.2 Size of the Project The current airport data is as under: Table 1.1: Existing Airport Data S. No Particulars Details A. General Information 1. Latitude & Longitude of Aerodrome 21° 7' 3.57" N Reference Point 72° 44' 42.93" E 2. Suitability Type –C Aircraft 3. Aircraft operations Scheduled & Non-schedule (Scheduled/Non-scheduled) 4. Other Airports in the vicinity • Vadodara, (within 150 Km radius) • Daman {Cost Guard} • Bhavnagar B. Airport land area & utilization 1. Total land area (Acres) 784.37 C. Aerodrome Data (Air side) 1. Aerodrome elevation / Reference Temp. 29 Ft / 420C 2. Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC) 4C 3. Aerodrome traffic density Medium 4. Type of traffic permitted Schedule flight / Non-schedule flight, Training flight 5. Aerodrome rescue & fire fighting category Cat-VII (ARFF) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 15 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction D. Runway 1. Runway operations 04/22 2. Runway Strength (PCN) 73/R/B/W/T : 71/F/C/W/T 3. Runway surface Flexible and Rigid 4. Runway shoulder 7.5 M on Both side 5. Runway End Safety area (RESA) 240 X 90 M – both end E Terminal Building 1. Area 8474 Sq. m. 2. Capacity Peak Hour 500 Domestic Passenger 3. Car Parking 250 car park F. Apron Details 1. Capacity 5 Parking bays 2. PCN 62/R/C/W/T G Taxiway Details 1. Width 23 m 2. PCN 62/R/C/W/T 3. Shoulder 3.5 meter both side H. Navigation Aids 1. DVOR Available 2. PAPI PAPI @ 04 and 22 J. Other Facilities 1. Instrumental Landing system DVOR-DME APP. Runway/22 available 2. Runway Light Facilities Available 1. Runway edge lights (Double ckt) 160+160 nos. 2. Turning pad lights (Double ckt)-37 no. 3. Threshold lights (Double ckt) a. Elevated for Rwy-04-32 nos b. Inset Type for Rwy-22- 20 nos c. Wing bar elevated- 20 nos 4. Runway End light(Double ckt)-24 nos 5. PAPI-04 &22-2 sets 6. Link Taxi edge lights (Taxi-A, B&D) - Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 16 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction 70 no. 7. Apron Edge lights (Main apron & isolation bay) - 40 no. 8. Apron flood lights (main) - 6 nos. 9. Isolation bay- 1 no. 3. Approach Lights Available 1. SAPL-04 ( Elevated type)-17 nos 2. SAPL-22( Inset type –due to displaced threshold by 615 m)-17 nos The project involves Holistic development of Surat Airport including extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and allied works. The total area of the existing airport is 784.37 Acres (317.42 ha). 1.3.3 Location of the Project: Surat Airport is located on Magdalla - Dumas Road towards the famous Dumas Beach on the South-West part of the city, approximately 20 kms from the Surat city center in the state of Gujarat. The project coordinates (ARP) are as under: Latitude : 21° 7' 3.57" N Longitude : 72° 44' 42.93" E Table 1.3: Environmental Settings S. No Particulars Details 1. Nearest Highway/Major Road • SH-168: Adjacent to the Airport Boundary • SH-197: 13.0 km towards NNE • SH-170: 12. 0 km towards ENE • NH-6: 9.2 km towards W • SH-169: 13.9 km towards NNE 2. Nearest Railway Station Surat Railway Station : 14.0 km towards NE 3. Nearest Airport • Daman Airport : 76.0 km towards S • Bhavnagar Airport : 91.2 km towards NW Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 17 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction S. No Particulars Details • Vadodara Airport : 144 km towards NNE 4. Nearest Town/village Magdalla :- 0.7 km towards NNE 5. Major Water Bodies • Tapi River- 2.7 Km towards NNW • Mindhola River - 6.4 Km towards S • Tena River - 10.0 Km towards NNW 6. Inland, coastal, marine or underground Coastal area of Arabian Sea- 3.2 Km towards waters SW 7. RF/ PF/ Wildlife Sanctuary, national Park, There is no wildlife sanctuary in within 10 km Elephant Corridor, Tiger Reserve etc radius study area of project site. 8. Areas protected under international • Dargah known as Khawaja Dana Saheb's conventions, national or local legislation Rouza - 11.8 Km towards NE for their ecological, landscape, cultural or • Tomb of Khawaja Safar Sulemani other related value (Khudawand Khan Rojo) -13.0 Km towards NE • Old English Tombs -13.72 Km towards NE • Old Dutch & Armenian Tombs & Cemeteries - 13.73 Km towards NE 9. Seismic Zone Zone III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 18 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction Fig. 1.1: Location Map Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 19 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction Fig. 1.2: Google image showing geographical coordinates & surroundings of project site 1.3.4 Importance to the Country & Region: Civil Aviation is a key infrastructure sector that facilitates the growth of business, trade and tourism, with significant multiplier effects across the economy. Doubtlessly, air transport has contributed to the rapid growth in India’s international trade in recent decades by offering a reliable and faster mode of transport services to move products and personnel across long distances. Therefore sustaining a viable aviation industry is vital if the economy is to reap the full benefits of the future growth in foreign trade and investment. Role of air transport in the development of Tourism industry is crucial. Tourism makes a large and growing contribution to the Indian economy. The Tourism Satellite Account developed for India for the year 2002-03 confirms tourism as one of the largest sectors Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 20 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction in the economy. Tourism value added accounts for 2.78 percent of the GDP in terms the direct contribution; when indirect effects are also accounted for, the share of tourism in the GDP is 5.83 percent. In absolute terms, tourism related jobs are estimated to be in the region of about 21 million. Employment in the Indian tourism industry is dependent on the aviation industry since 90% of foreign visitors out of 5.11 Million arrived by air in the year 2009. Thus the economic foot print of the Civil aviation sector which reflects the value addition and the direct and indirect job created by the activities of the sector appear to be much deeper and wider in terms of its multiplier effect. The passenger traffic at Surat Airport has increased by 250 % from 194688 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April), to 681465 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). Similarly, the Air Traffic Movements (ATM’s) increased by 131.4 % in from 4651 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April) to 10762 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). The passenger handling capacity at Surat Airport in future shall continue to increase. In view of rapid growth in passenger traffic of over 250 % in 2017-18 & Air craft movement of over 131.4 % in 2017-18, Surat Airport’s operational infrastructure needs to be upgraded to serve the estimated demand of over 2.6 Million Person Per Annum by 2031-32, to be achieved in phases. Improvements in connectivity will effectively contribute to the economic performance of the wider economy through enhancing its overall level of productivity. 1.4 Scope of the Study: The zone comprising of 10 km radius around the project site is considered as the study area. The study area map is shown in Figure-1.2. The scope of study broadly includes: • To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area; • Generate field sampling results of environmental attributes to establish the baseline environmental status; Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 21 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction • Collate and compile secondary data including socio-economic data from published literature / Government publications; • Estimate pollution loads that would be generated by the proposed expansion project; • Evaluate the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies • Preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the predicted impacts; • To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored and suggest Post Project Monitoring Plan; and • To carry out Risk Assessment and prepare suitable Disaster Management Plan; • Preparing an EIA report, in line with the TOR issued by MoEF&CC. To determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes, field studies have been conducted during March’ to May’ 2019 covering pre monsoon season. The EIA/EMP report has been prepared in line with the Terms of Reference (TOR) recommended by MoEF&CC. The compliance of Terms of Reference (regulatory scoping carried out as per TOR) is given in following Table-1.4. Table – 1.4: Compliance to Terms of Reference S. No. Terms of Reference Points Compliance i. Importance and benefits of the project Importance of the project is detailed in Section 1.3.4, Page 20 of Chapter 1 and Chapter 8 Page 223-225 of EIA Report. ii. Submit status of clearance from National There is no wildlife sanctuary, Reserve or Board for Wild Life (NBWL) Protected Forest, Wildlife Corridor etc. within the study area (10 km radius) of the project site. Therefore, the same is not applicable. Toposheet showing 10 km radius study area is enclosed as Annexure II, Page 277. iii. Submit valid Consent to Operate (CTO) for The same is under process. the existing Airport and compliance to the Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 22 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction conditions of the CTO and authorization for the existing Airport. iv. The EIA will discuss the compliance to the Contents of para 4 are duly noted & will be Pollution Control Laws and the notifications complied with. under the E.P. Act 1986 and get a certified report from the Pollution Control Board. v. The E.I.A. will give a justification for land Details of land requirement for the “Holistic requirements along with comparison to the Development of Surat Airport” is given in guidelines established by the Airport Section 2.4, page 37 in Chapter -2 of the EIA/ Authority of India/ Ministry of Civil EMP report. Aviation in this regards vi. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10 Toposheet of the study area showing 10 km km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 and site location (including all eco-sensitive scale on an A3/A2 sheet (Including all eco- and environmentally sensitive places) is sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive enclosed as Annexure II, Page 277. places). vii. Layout maps of proposed project indicating Master plan of the Surat Airport indicating runway, airport building, parking, greenbelt runway, airport building, parking, greenbelt area, utilities etc. area, utilities etc is enclosed as Annexure III. viii. Cost of project and time of completion. The estimated cost for the proposed holistic development of Surat International Airport is Rs. 353.25 Crore. The estimated time of completion is 2 years. ix. Submit Fire NOC for existing project from The same is under process concerned department x. The impacts of demolition and the activities The project is for “Holistic Development of related thereto shall be examined and a Surat Airport” and no demolition activities or management plan drawn up to conform to the entailing waste will be generated. Impact Construction and Demolition rules under the during construction phase has been discussed E.P. Act, 1986. in Section 4.2 Page 125-134, Chapter 4 of EIA report. xi. The report shall examine the details of The same is detailed in Section 4.2 Page 125- excavations, its impacts and the impacts of 134 in Chapter 4. transport of excavated material. A detailed Management plan for solid waste generated Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 23 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction Management Plan shall be suggested. during construction phase is given in Section 10.2, Page 231 in Chapter 10 of EIA report xii. Detail plan for ‘deplane waste’ and impact of Management plan for waste generated from noise on the sensitive environment especially aircraft is detailed at Section 4.3.5.2, Page 156- the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. 158, Chapter- 4 of EIA/ EMP report. There is no national park and wildlife sanctuary in study area of the project. xiii. An assessment of the cumulative impact of The same is detailed at Page 146, Chapter- 4 of all development and increased inhabitation EIA/ EMP report. being carried out or proposed to be carried out by the project or other agencies in the core area, shall be made for traffic densities and parking capabilities in a 05 kms radius from the site. A detailed traffic management and a traffic decongestion plan drawn up through an organization of repute and specializing in Transport Planning shall be submitted with the EIA. The Plan to be implemented to the satisfaction of the State Urban Development and Transport Departments shall also include the consent of all the concerned implementing agencies. xiv. The E.I.A. should specifically address to Parking facilities will be provided for total 700 vehicular traffic management as well as Nos. including 500 nos. car parking & 200 nos. estimation of vehicular parking area inside Scooter parking, inside the airport premises. the Airport premises. Traffic Management & Decongestion Plan is detailed in Section 10.3.7, Page 236 in Chapter 10 of EIA report. xv. An onsite disaster management plan shall be The same is detailed at Section 7.8, Page 218- drawn up to account for risks and accidents. 221, Chapter- 7 of EIA/ EMP report. This onsite plan shall be dovetailed with the onsite management plan for the district. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 24 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction xvi. A note on appropriate process and materials Contents of para 16 are duly noted & will be to be used to encourage reduction in carbon complied with. foot print. Optimize use of energy systems in buildings that should maintain a specified indoor environment conducive to the functional requirements of the building by following mandatory compliance measures (for all applicable buildings) as recommended in the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2017 of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India. The energy system includes air conditioning systems, indoor lighting systems, water heaters, air heaters and air circulation devices. xvii. Details shall be provided regarding the solar Renewable energy in the form of solar power generation proposed and the extent of has been proposed in the Surat Airport substitution, along with compliance to the expansion project. In compliance to ECBC, ECBC rules. 2017 & Gujarat building Bye Laws, Solar PV Power Plant of 250 KW, i.e. 5% of connected load (4045 KW) will be installed to generate renewable energy. Details are given in Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report. xviii. Details of emission, effluents, solid waste Details of emission, effluents, solid waste and and hazardous waste generation and their hazardous waste generation and their management. Air quality modeling and noise management are detailed at Chapter 10 of EIA/ modeling shall be carried out for the EMP report. emissions from various types of aircraft. Air quality modelling for the emissions from various types of aircraft is given in Section 4.3.2.2, Page 135 to 146 of Chapter 4 of EIA Report. xix. The impact of aircraft emissions in different The impact of aircraft emissions for LTO cycle Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 25 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction scenarios of idling, taxiing, take off and is detailed in Section 4.3.2.2, Page 135 to 146 touchdown shall be examined and a of EIA/ EMP report. management plan suggested. Air pollution management plan is given in Section 10.3.1 & Table 10.2, Page 234 & 237, respectively of Chapter 10. xx. The impact of air emissions from speed Air quality modelling for the various sources controlled and other vehicles plying within of emissions including 40 number of speed the Airport shall be examined and controlled vehicles deployed for airport management plan drawn up. operations is given in Section 4.3.2.2, Page 135 to 146 of Chapter 4 of EIA Report. Air pollution management plan is given in Section 10.3.1 & Table 10.2, Page 234 & 237 respectively of Chapter 10. xxi. The management plan will include Solid waste Management plan prepared in compliance to the provisions of MSW Rules, compliance to MSW Rules, 2016, is detailed in 2016. Section 4.3.5.2, Page 157-158, and Chapter 4 of EIA / EMP report. xxii. A detailed management plan, drawn up in A committee consisting of 04 members of consultation with the competent District different departments like Civil, ATC, Land Authorities, shall be submitted for the Management, has been formed at station level regulation of unauthorized development and to monitor unauthorized development around encroachments within a 05 Km radius of the airport (Copy of office order, Surat AAI, Airport. regarding obstacle monitoring committee is enclosed as Annexure VII). This committee visits surrounding areas of Surat Airport on regular basis to check unauthorized development and reports to Airport Director regarding any such development and accordingly the data is also reported to the members of Jila Sankalan Meeting headed by District Collector. The entire airport premises are protected by boundary wall with proper security protection to avoid and encroachment. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 26 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction No encroachment of airport land has been reported so far. xxiii. The E.I.A. will also examine the impacts of The same is detailed at Chapter- 4 of EIA/ construction and operation of the proposed EMP report. STP and draw up a detailed plan for management including that for odour control. xxiv. Classify all Cargo handled as perishable, The cargo proposed to be handled at Surat explosive, solid, petroleum products, Airport is both perishable like Fresh Fruits Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Chemical, & Vegetable produce, Floriculture, Potential Air Pollutant, Potential Water Aquaculture and non-perishable like Pollutant etc. and put up a handling and courier operations, Diamonds, Textiles, disposal management plan. etc. along with belly cargo. No hazardous waste, explosives petroleum products, hazardous chemical, potential air pollutant, potential water pollutant cargo is proposed to be handled at this airport. Surat Airport is currently ferrying an estimated Air-cargo to the tune of 3000 MT annually. With the Cargo complex facility these figures are expected to reach 5 times more than that of the current capacity. xxv. Noise monitoring and impact assessment Noise monitoring was carried in the study shall be done for each representative area (as area as per MoEF&CC Rules & guidelines. per the Noise Rules of MoEF&CC). A noise Details of noise monitoring are given in management plan shall be submitted to Section 3.3, Page 90- 92, Chapter 3.Noise conform to the guidelines of the MoEF&CC impact assessment is detailed in Section and the DGCA. 4.3.5, page 131 & Section 4.3.3, page 148, Chapter 4 of EIA report. xxvi. Noise monitoring shall be carried out in the Noise monitoring was carried in the study area. funnel area of flight path. Same has been given in Section 3.3, Page 90- 92 of Chapter 3 of EIA Report. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 27 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction xxvii. Requirement of water, power, with source of Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular diagram are given in Section 2.5.1 & 2.5.2 and contract). respectively, at Page & 39- 40, Chapter 2 of EIA Report. xxviii. Ground water abstraction and rain water Ground water will not be abstracted for the recharge shall be as prescribed by the project operations. CGWA. A clearance/ permission of the Water supply is being/will be met through CGWA shall be obtained in this regards Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) supply. xxix. Details of fuel tank farm and its risk Fuel tank farm and its risk assessment are assessment. detailed in Section 7.3.1 to 7.6, Page 191 to 216, Chapter 7 of EIA report. xxx. The E.I.A. should present details on the Contents of para 29 are duly & will be compliance of the project to the Fly Ash complied with. notification issued under the E.P. Act of 1986. xxxi. The report should give a detailed impact Solid waste Management is detailed in Section analysis and management plan for handling 4.3.5, Page 155-159, and Chapter 4 of EIA / of the following wastes for the existing and EMP report. proposed scenarios. (a) Trash collected in flight and disposed at the Airport including the segregation mechanism. (b) Toilet wastes and sewage collected from aircrafts and disposed at the Airport (c) Maintenance and workshop wastes (d) Wastes arising out of eateries and shops situated within the airport xxxii. Any litigation pending against the project No litigation is pending against the proposed and/or any direction/order passed by any expansion project. Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 28 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. xxxiii. Submit an Affidavit signed by the Board of Affidavit regarding no violation on part of the Directors, that there is no violation and no proposed project is enclosed as Annexure part of the project has been implemented VIII. without Environmental Clearance. xxxiv. Public hearing to be conducted and issues The contents of para xxxiv are noted and raised and commitments made by the project will be complied with. Draft EIA/EMP proponent on the same should be included in report has been prepared for conduction of EIA/ EMP Report in the form of tabular public hearing. chart with financial budget for complying Action plan with budgetary allocation for with the commitments made. issues raised during public hearing will be prepared & incorporated after completion of Public Hearing procedure. xxxv. Plan for Corporate Environment AAI has allocated Rs 3.1 Crore/- for Corporate Responsibility (CER) as specified under Environmental Responsibility initiatives for Ministry's Office Memorandum vide F. No. surrounding areas of the Surat airport. 22-65/ 2017-IA.III dated 1st May, 2018 shall The same is detailed at Section 8.4, Page 225, be prepared and submitted along with EIA Chapter 8 of EIA report. Report. xxxvi. A tabular chart with index for point wise The contents of para xxxvi are noted and have compliance of above ToR been complied with. B. Standard Terms of Reference (i) Reasons for selecting the site with details of No alternative sites have been considered as alternate sites examined/ rejected/ selected the project is for holistic development of on merit with comparative statement and existing Surat International Airport. reason/ basis for selection. The examination should justify site suitability in terms of environmental angle, resources sustainability associated with selected site as compared to rejected sites. The analysis should include Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 29 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction parameters considered along with weightage criteria for short-listing selected site. (ii) Details of the land use break-up for the Details of land use of 10 km radius of the proposed project. Details of land use around project site is given in Section 3.4, Page 58 to 10 km radius of the project site. Examine and 63, Chapter 3 of EIA report. submit detail of land use around 10 km There is no wildlife sanctuary, national park or radius of the project site and map of the any other ecological sensitive area with 10 km project area and 10 km area from boundary distance. of the proposed/existing project area, There are no critically polluted areas as delineating project areas notified under the identified by the CPCB from time to time or wild life (Protection) Act, 1972/critically interstate boundaries and international polluted areas as identified by the CPCB boundaries with 10 km distance from the site. from time to time/notified eco-sensitive areas/inter state boundaries and international boundaries.. Analysis should be made based on latest satellite imagery for land use with raw images. (iii) Submit the present land use and permission This is an existing airport and the proposed required for any conversion such as forest, developmental works are coming within the agriculture etc. land acquisition status, existing airport premises. Therefore, no rehabilitation of communities/ villages and conversion of land is required. present status of such activities. Check on Details of present landuse are given in Chapter flood plain of any river. 2 & Master plan enclosed as Annexure III. (iv) Examine and submit the water bodies Details of impact on water environment & including the seasonal ones within the mitigation measures are given in Section 4.2.4 corridor of impacts along with their status, Page 128-131 of Chapter 4 of EIA report. volumetric capacity, quality, likely impacts on them due to the project. (v) Submit a copy of the contour plan with Contents of para v are duly noted & will be slopes, drainage pattern of the site and complied with. surrounding area, any obstruction of the same by the airport (vi) Submit details of environmentally sensitive Environmental sensitivity w.r.t the project is Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 30 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction places, land acquisition status, rehabilitation given in Table 1.3, Page 17-18 of Chapter 1. of communities/ villages and present status The proposed holistic development of Surat of such activities. airport will be within the premises of existing Surat International Airport. No land acquisition is required. (vii) Examine the impact of proposed project on Impact of proposed project on nearby the nearest settlements. settlements is discussed in Chapter 4. (viii) Examine baseline environmental quality Baseline environmental quality of the study along with projected incremental load due to area assessed during the study period is given the proposed project/activities in Section 3.10, Page 76 to 122 of Chapter 3 of the EIA Report. Incremental emission load due to the project have been assessed and detailed in Section 4.3.2, Page 134-146 of Chapter 4 of the EIA Report. (ix) Examine and submit details of levels, Excavation is proposed upto foundation level quantity required for filling, source of filling only & excavated soil will be re used within material and transportation details etc. the site premises. Submit details of a comprehensive Risk Risk Assessment & comprehensive disaster Assessment and Disaster Management Plan management plan is given in Chapter 7 of EIA including emergency evacuation during report. natural and man-made disaster integrating with existing airport (x) Examine road/rail connectivity to the project Site connectivity is detailed in Table 1.3, Page site and impact on the existing traffic 17-18 of Chapter 1. network due to the proposed Detailed traffic study for impact on existing project/activities. A detailed traffic and road infrastructure due to expansion project is transportation study should be made for enclosed as Annexure IX. existing and projected passenger and cargo traffic. (xi) Submit details regarding R&R involved in R&R is not applicable. the project (xii) Examine the details of water requirement, Details of water requirement source, waste use of treated waste water and prepare a Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 31 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction water balance chart. Source of water vis-à- water management along with water vis waste water to be generated along with balance diagram is given in Section 2.5.1, treatment facilities to be proposed. Page 39- 40, Chapter 2 of EIA Report. Details of STP of capacity 500 KLD, proposed to be installed are given in Section 2.6.3, Page 45-52, Chapter 2. (xiii) Rain water harvesting proposals should be Details of proposed Rainwater harvesting made with due safeguards for ground water scheme is given in Section 4.2.3.2, Page 152 to quality. Maximize recycling of water and 155 in Chapter 4 of EIA report. utilization of rain water. Water recycling & conservation measures have been proposed in EMP. (xiv) Examine details of Solid waste generation The details have been summarized in Section treatment and its disposal. 2.6.5, Page 52 of Chapter 2 & Section 4.3.5, Page 155 to 159 in Chapter 4 of EIA report. (xv) Submit the present land use and permission The proposed holistic development of Surat required for any conversion such as forest, airport will be within the premises of existing agriculture etc. Surat International Airport. No conversion of land is required (xvi) Examine separately the details for Environmental Management Plan and construction and operation phases both for Environmental Monitoring Plan w.r.t Environmental Management Plan and construction & operation has been discussed in Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost Chapter 4 & Chapter 6. and parameters. (xvii) Submit details of a comprehensive Disaster Comprehensive disaster management plan Management Plan including emergency including emergency evacuation during natural evacuation during natural and man-made and man-made disaster is given in Chapter 7. disaster. (xviii) Examine baseline environmental quality Baseline environmental quality of the study along with projected incremental load due to area assessed during the study period is given the proposed project/activities. in Section 3.10, Page 76 to 122 of Chapter 3 of the EIA Report. Incremental emission load due to the project have been assessed and detailed in Section Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 32 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction 4.3.2, Page 134-146 of Chapter 4 of the EIA Report. (xix) The air quality monitoring should be carried Ambient air quality was carried out during pre out as per the notification issued on 16th monsoon season. The details have been November, 2009. summarized in Section 3.11 page 80 to 84 in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. (xx) Examine separately the details for Environmental Management Plan and construction and operation phases both for Environmental Monitoring Plan w.r.t Environmental Management Plan and construction & operation has been discussed in Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost Chapter 4 & Chapter 6. and parameters. (xxi) Submit details of corporate social AAI has allocated Rs 3.1 Crore/- for Corporate responsibilities (CSR) Environmental Responsibility initiatives for surrounding areas of the Surat airport. The same is detailed at Section 8.4, Page 225, Chapter 8 of EIA report. (xxii) Submit details of the trees to be cut including Details of impact on Eco-diversity & proposed their species and whether it also involves any mitigation measures are detailed in Section protected or endangered species. Measures 4.3.9, Page 166 to 178 of Chapter 4 of EIA taken to reduce the number of the trees to be report. removed should be explained in detail. Submit the details of compensatory plantation. Explore the possibilities of relocating the existing trees. (xxiii) Examine the details of afforestation measures Greenbelt development plan along with indicating land and financial outlay. budgetary allocation is given in Section 10.4, Landscape plan, green belts and open spaces Page 239 of Chapter 10. may be described. A thick green belt should Noise management measures are given in be planned all around the nearest settlement Section 10.3.3 Page 235 in Chapter 10 of the to mitigate noise and vibrations. The EIA report. identification of species/ plants should be Eco-biodiversity study carried out for the made based on the botanical studies. project is given in Section 3.16 at Page 112 to 122 in Chapter 3 of EIA report. (xxiv) Public hearing to be conducted for the The contents of para xxiv are duly noted & will Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 33 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction project in accordance with provisions of be complied with. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public should be addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. The Public Hearing should be conducted based on the ToR letter issued by the Ministry and not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on the web-site. (xxv) A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be The contents of para xxv are duly noted & will prepared in accordance with the above be complied with. additional TOR and should be submitted to the Ministry in accordance with the Notification. (xxvi) Details of litigation pending against the No litigation is pending against the proposed project, if any, with direction /order passed expansion project. by any Court of Law against the Project should be given. (xxvii) The cost of the Project (capital cost and Capital Cost: Rs. 353.25 Crore/- recurring cost) as well as the cost towards Recurring Cost: Rs. 1.00 Crore/- implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out. (xxviii) Any further clarification on carrying out the Contents of para xxviii are duly noted. above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, project proponent can refer to the model ToR available on Ministry website "http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Airport". Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 34 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 1: Introduction 1.5 Structure of the Report This EIA Report has been structured as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction: Provides a background to the project, identification of the project and project proponent, brief description of the project, details of the project proponent, scope of the study and structure of this report. Chapter 2: Project description: Provides details of project, infrastructure required, technology and process description of bio medical waste management, information on the needs and desirability of the project and sources of pollution with pollution control measures. Chapter 3: Description of the Environment: Provides description of the receiving Environment details, the specialist study baseline conditions identified for the project within 10 km radius from the project site. Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures: describe the EIA methodology and impacts identified during the EIA process, providing the anticipated impacts during the various project phases. Chapter 5: Analysis of alternatives: provides the different site and technology alternatives which were considered for the project. Chapter 6: Environment Monitoring program: provides the monitoring schedule and implementation plan during the construction and operation phase of the project. Chapter 7: Additional Studies: has the information about risk and hazard assessment and details of disaster management plan. Chapter 8: Project benefits: associated with the proposed project are discussed in this chapter. Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis: Chapter 10: EMP: Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion: Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants engaged. ****** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 35 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2 Project Description Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Chapter 2: Project Description This chapter provides description of those aspects of the project (based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. 2.1 Type of project: The proposal involves the Holistic Development of Surat Airport including extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track etc and allied works in the existing Surat Airport. The proposed expansion of Airport is categorized as category A under item 7 (a) of Schedule - Gazette Notification dated Sept. 14th, 2006 and its subsequent amendments for preparation of Environment Impact Assessment study and Environment Management Plan. 2.2 Need of the Project The passenger traffic at Surat Airport has increased by 250 % from 194688 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April), to 681465 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). Similarly, the Air Traffic Movements (ATMRs) increased by 131.4 % in from 4651 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April) to 10762 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). The passenger handling capacity at Surat Airport in future shall continue to increase. In view of rapid growth in passenger traffic of over 250 % in 2017-18 & Air craft movement of over 131.4 % in 2017-18, Surat Airport operational infrastructure needs to be upgraded to serve the estimated demand of over 2.6 Million Person Per Annum by 2031-32 to be achieved in phases. Improvements in connectivity will effectively contribute to the economic performance of the wider economy through enhancing its overall level of productivity. 2.3 Location The Proposed OHolistic Development of Surat AirportP located at Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat). Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 36 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Aerodrome Reference point Latitude : 21° 7' 3.57" N Longitude : 72° 44' 42.93" E Location map & Google image showing geographical coordinates is given as Figure 1.1 & Figure 1.2 in Chapter 1. 2.4 Project size and facilities 2.4.1 Land requirement: The project involves Holistic development of Surat Airport including extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and allied works. The total area of the existing airport is 784.37 Acres (317.42 ha). 2.4.2 Project facilities: The total area of the existing airport is 784.37 Acres (317.42 ha). Existing airport facilities are detailed in Table 1.1 given in Chapter 1. The details of the proposed development are summarized in Table 2.1: Fig. 2.1: Master Plan Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 37 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Table 2.1: Project facilities (Total after expansion) S. No Particulars Existing Proposed Total Expansion 1. Land Area i. Total Land Area 784.37 Acres No change 784.37 Acres 2. Apron Details i. Capacity 5 Bays 10 Bays 15 Bays 3. Taxiway Details i. Dimension 2 Nos 23 x 200 M PTT M 30x2906 M 2 Nos 23 x 200 M PTT M 30 x 2906 M 4. Terminal Building i. Area 8474 Sqm 17046 Sqm 25500 Sqm ii. Capacity Peak Hour 500 700 Dom. + 600 Int. 1800 (1200 Dom. + 600 Domestic Passenger Int.) iii. Car Parking 250 car park 250 car park + 200 500 car park + 200 scooter scooter 5. Navigation Aids i. DVOR DVOR No change DVOR ii. PAPI PAPI No change No change 6. Other Facilities i. Isolation Bay Isolation Apron & No change Isolation Apron & link link taxi light- 40 no. taxi light- 40 no. ii. ILS (Instrument Available No change Available Landing System) iii. Approach lights 1. SAPL-04 No change 1. SAPL-04 (Elevated (Elevated type) - type) - 17 no. 17 no. 2. SAPL-22 (Inset type M 2. SAPL-22 (Inset due to displaced type Mdue to threshold by 615 m)- displaced 17 nos. threshold by 615 m)- 17 nos. 7. Total Project Cost Capital cost: Rs. 353.25 Crore/- Recurring cost: Rs. 1.0 Crore/- Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 38 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description 2.5 Utilities 2.5.1 Water Requirement The project will continue to use the municipal water supply of Surat Municipal Corporation. The daily consumption of water during operation phase will be about 807 KLD of which 301 KLD will be fresh water and 506 KLD will be recycled/treated water from STP & SMC supply. The details of water requirement and wastewater generation for construction and operation phase area as follows: 2.5.1.1 Construction phase: During construction phase approx 100 nos. of workers will be engaged. Water consumption during construction phase is 5 KLD, which will be met through the SMC supply. 2.5.1.2 Operational Phase: The total water required during the operations phase is 807 KLD and the details of breakup of water requirement for the project is given in Table 2.2. The figure showing the water balance is given as Figure 2.2. Table 2.2: Water demand calculation S. Particulars Population Fresh water Treated water Total water No. demand demand demand 1. Passengers 7123 @40 lpcd: 285 KLD @30 lpcd: 214 499 KLD KLD 2. Visitors 712 @5 lpcd: 4 KLD @10 lpcd: 7 11 KLD KLD 3. Airport Staffs 250 @25 lpcd: 6 KLD @20 lpcd: 5 11 KLD KLD 4. Food Courts & 200 @25 lpcd: 6 KLD @10 lpcd: 2 7 KLD Other facilities KLD 6. HVAC & DG (@10 L/TR for 16 hrs : 192 KLD; 206 KLD 206 KLD @0.9 ltr *2500 kVA*6hrs = 14 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 39 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description S. Particulars Population Fresh water Treated water Total water No. demand demand demand KLD) 7. Landscaping 35950 m2 (@ 2 ltr/sq. m.) 72 KLD 72 KLD Total -- 301KLD 506 KLD 807 KLD 228 KLD Passengers 285 KLD Fresh water 488 KLD Sludge & 301 KLD Airport Staff Visitors & 12 KLD food court 16 KLD Waste water evaporation S losses 27 KLD HVAC & DG Cooling 206 KLD 20 KLD T 206 KL STP treated P 228 KLD Flushing 228 KLD water 228 KLD Capacity 461 KLD 27 KLD Landscaping ( 500 KLD) 72 KLD 461 KLD Recycled/ reused for flushing, landscaping Daily water demand: 807 KLD Treated water from SMC 45 KLD {301 KLD (fresh) + 506 KLD (STP treated : 461 +Treated water from SMC : 45 KLD ) (recycled/ reused water)} Figure 2.2: Water Balance 2.5.2 Power Requirement Electric Requirement The power demand for the proposed expansion is estimated to be about 2045 KW. The existing power demand is about 2000 KW. Thus, the total power requirement will be about 4045 KW. Present maximum demand is 1016 KW. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 40 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description There will be provisions of 100% power back up to the project through DG sets. Further, solar energy will be used for meeting the hot water requirements as well as lighting in the common areas. Details are as under:- Table 2.3: Details of Power consumption Source of supply Electrical Load Connected load : 4045 KW (Existing: 2000 KW; Proposed : 2045 KW) Transformer Existing Proposed Number 3 nos. 3 nos. Power backup The backup power supply for the proposed expansion will be through D.G. sets. Auto mains failure panels and synchronizing panel with automatic load sharing facility will be used for the automatic changeover of power supply within 15-30 seconds of power failure. The details of DG sets are summarized as under: Table 2.4: Details of Power back-up Particular Existing Proposed Number Capacity (kVA) Number Capacity (kVA) DG Sets 03 250 02 500 01 1000 02 2500 Fuel Used HSD (sulphur content: 0.05%) Solar Requirements Solar power plant of capacity of 250 KW will be installed. 2.5.3 Rain Water Harvesting The proposed holistic development project will properly utilize rainwater by implementing appropriate rain water-harvesting mechanism. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 41 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description It is proposed to have combination of rainwater harvesting structures & ground water recharge bore wells for ground water resource augmentation 2.6 Sources of Pollution The various types of pollution envisaged from the proposed expansion within the airport will be of following types: Air pollution; Noise pollution Water pollution; Land Pollution Solid waste generation 2.6.1 Air Pollution: 2.6.1.1 Sources of Air Pollution Potential sources of air pollution at the airport can be categorized as direct and indirect emissions. The direct emissions include aircraft engine emissions, emissions from the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), emissions from the Ground Support Equipment (GSE), emissions from the Ground Access Vehicles (GAV) and stationary sources such as emissions from standby DG sets, fire training facilities, aircraft engine testing facilities, fuel storage tanks and construction activities. The indirect emissions include vehicular emissions that result from the passengers or employees coming to the airport. Direct Emissions Aircraft Emissions The air emission from the proposed expansion project is expected to be from aircraft engines during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb or Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 42 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description also called as reference Landing and Take-Off cycle (LTO cycle). The air pollutants of concern from the aircraft emissions will be un-burnt Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX). Emissions from Auxiliary Power Unit It is a component of a large aircraft and essentially a small turbine engine. This works only when main engines of the aircraft are shutoff to provide electricity and compressed air to operate the aircraft instruments and lights. Typically, the APU is turned off after the main engines have been started prior to take-off. These emissions (like CO and HC) are very less compared to the direct aircraft emissions. Ground Support Equipment A variety of ground equipment service the large aircrafts while they load and unload the passengers and freight at the airport. As a group, this equipment is known as Ground Support Equipment (GSE) at civilian airports. This consists of aircraft tugs, air start units, loaders, tractors, air conditioning units, cargo moving equipment, and service vehicles. Ground Access Vehicles Ground Access Vehicles (GAVs) encompass all on road or highway vehicles increase generated by the airport. GAV include all vehicles traveling to and from the airport. These vehicles essentially contribute Carbon Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. Motor vehicle emissions result from movement of passengers or employees coming to the airport and also additional vehicular movement due to the ancillary development in the region. The vehicular emissions while on the airport property would be included in the direct emissions and outside the premises of the airport will be indirect emissions. These emissions include oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 43 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Emissions from DG Set The air emissions comprising PM, NOX, SO2 and CO will be generated from the operation of DG sets, which are standby arrangement and operated only during power interruption. Emission from construction activities Various construction equipments will be used at the site. The dust emission sources are: Excavation Haul road movements Construction Material Handling Finishing Emissions factors for construction equipment are given in table below: Table 2.5: Estimated Emission Factors for Construction Equipment Equipment Emissions Factors (g/hr) CO VOC NOX SOX PM10 Excavator 214.09 43.99 516.18 3.31 27.21 Backhoe/ Front end loader 190.05 56.69 370.13 1.58 37.64 Rubber tired crane 161.02 39.00 464.02 2.67 23.58 Hydraulic Crane 161.02 39.00 464.02 2.67 23.58 Concrete Vibrator 72.57 13.60 122.46 0 4.53 Paving Equipment 186.42 48.53 412.31 1.95 29.93 Roller/ Compactor 165.10 34.92 316.15 1.90 23.13 2.6.2 Noise Levels 2.6.2.1 Sources of Noise The major noise generating sources at the Airport are from aircraft take-off & landing and ground operations (Ground Power units, Auxiliary power units, Taxing and Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 44 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Engine run-up tests etc). The noise during the take-off will be dominant among all the sources. The day time noise levels around the existing airport premises are observed in the range of 48.2 to 55.5 dB (A). The detailed noise impact assessment of the project is given in Chapter 4. Thick green belt and grass in and around the airport premises acts as noise attenuator so as to arrest any noise propagation to the neighborhood areas. 2.6.2.2 Noise Pollution Sources from Project There will minimal increase in ambient noise levels at the existing airport complex due to the proposed holistic development of Surat Airport. 2.6.3 Waste Water Generation & Management During operation phase, approx. 488 KLD of wastewater will be generated. The waste water mainly consists of sanitary waste, sewage from airport terminal, flight kitchen, etc. The sewage and sanitary waste from the buildings and airport terminal will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of capacity 500 KLD, comprising primary, secondary and tertiary treatment facilities. The treated wastewater from the STP will be used for landscaping, flushing, HVAC & DG set cooling. 2.6.3.1 Treatment Technology - MBBR The MBBR process is an attached growth biological wastewater treatment process. That is, the microorganisms that carry out the treatment are attached to a solid medium, as in trickling filter or RBC systems. By contrast, in a suspended growth biological wastewater treatment process, like the activated sludge process, the microorganisms that carry out the treatment are kept suspended in the mixed liquor in the aeration tank. In the conventional attached growth biological treatment processes, like trickling filter or RBC systems, the microorganisms are attached to a medium that is fixed in place and the wastewater being treated flows past the surfaces of the medium with Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 45 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description their attached biological growth. In contrast, an MBBR process utilizes small plastic carrier media (described in more detail in the next section) upon which the microorganisms are attached. The MBBR treatment processes typically take place in a tank similar to an activated sludge aeration tank. The carrier media are kept suspended by a diffused air aeration system for an aerobic process or by a mechanical mixing system for an anoxic or anaerobic process, as illustrated in the figures below. A sieve is typically used at the MBBR tank exit to keep the carrier media in the tank. Primary clarification is typically used ahead of the MBBR tank. Secondary clarification is also typically used, but there is no recycle activated sludge sent back into the process, because an adequate microorganism population is maintained attached to the media. The dead biomass along with treated wastewater flowed by gravity into tube settler tank, wherein solid-liquid separation was achieved. Tube settlers are high rate settlers of the inclined surface or shallow settling type. The settlers use inclined tubes to divide the depth into shallower sections. Thus, the depth of all particles (and therefore settling time) was significantly reduced. These clarifiers provide a large surface area reducing clarifier size. No wind effect exists, and the flow was laminar. Tubes are circular, square, hexagonal, or any other geometric shape and were installed in an inclined position within the basin. Tubes were commonly inclined steeply to horizontal and fabricated in modules. The solids separated were pumped to the sludge drying bed for further volume reduction. The treated supernatant passed through MGF and ACF, disinfected was allowed by UV disinfection unit. The dead biomass was separated and transferred periodically into the sludge drying bed wherein mass reduction occurs. The dried sludge is further removed periodically and used as a fertilizer for plants. Design of 500 KLD wastewater Treatment Plant The following effluent characteristics for design purposes are given below in Table. Table 2.6: Characteristics of Raw & Treated Water After After Parameter Raw Influent secondary treatment tertiary treatment pH : 4.5 M 9.0 6-8 6-8 TSS : 500 mg/L 0%&'()*+ 0%()*+ Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 46 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description After After Parameter Raw Influent secondary treatment tertiary treatment BOD at 200 C : 300-350 mg/L 0,-'()*+ 0%&'()*+ COD 100 mg/L 0%&'()*+ 0%&'()*+ Oil & Grease. : 100 mg/ L 0-'()*+ 0%()*+ Fig. 2.3: Systematic Diagram of MBBR Technology for 500 KLD Technical Specifications: Table 2.7: Capacity Calculation Total Average Flow : 500 KLD Peak Flow : 1000 KLD = 0.0116 +ͧ 1#! 0.0 Screen Bars a) Desired velocity Through screens : 0.8 m/sec b) Clear opening b/w the screens bars : 24 mm c) Head loss through screens : 0.0729 (͐ͦ Ǝ ͪͦʛ d) Size of screens bars : 9 mm × 50 mm. e) Discharge peak : 1500KLD (0.0116 cumecs) ( 3 ͤTͤͥͥͪ f) Net area of screens : =0 = 0.019 Sqm ͤTͪͤ Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 47 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description g) Gross Area Screen : 0.024 Sq. m. Assume angle of inclination is 45 degree, So Gross : 0.024/sin45 area of screen needed : 0.037 Sq. m h) No. of openings (clear opening = 24 mm) : 0.037/0.009/0.05 = 83 i) No. of Bars : 83+1 = 84 Nos. j) Total width of screening channel : (84×9) + (83×24) = 2748 mm say 2.8 m 1.0 Grit Chamber a) Average flow 500 KLD 5.8 LPS b) Peak Flow 1000 KLD 11.58 LPS c) Velocity of flow 0.30 m/sec d) Detention time 60 sec e) Volume Required 0.70 cum. f) Assume depth 1.0 m g) Surface area 0.7/1.0= 0.7 sq. m Size of Grit Chamber For removal of particles of special gravity 2.65 & 0.15 mm, the ideal overflow rate is 1300 ͧ͡/d/ͦ͡ at %&'/0'123'45(67'81'%-'/0'49:;'<=>?5'21'2<531>2@'3=45'@2?>A'B5'C'%D&&Ɛ1.15 = 1500. Assuming correction factor of 2/3 = 1000 ͧ͡/d/ͦ͡ Qmax = 1000 KLD Maximum area is required, A = Q/1000 = 1 Sq. m. Maximum area is provided as, A = 2 sq. m. (required 1 sq. m.) Provide, Length = 2 m Width = 1 m depth = 1.0 m (+ 0.2 m FB) 2.0 Equalization tank with Blowers a) Daily average flow : 500 KLD b) Capacity of tank @ 8Hrs : 500/3=166.7 cum c) Effective depth of water : 2.5 m d) Required area : 66.68 Sq. m. It is proposed to provide 2 no. each 40 sq. m RCC equalization tank of size 10 m × 4 m× 2.5 m. Total capacity provided is 200 cum against required capacity of 166.7 cum. 3.0 Parshall flume Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 48 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Dimensions of parshall flume (Dimensions in mm) As per Manual on sewerage & Sewage Treatment, For Discharge upto 5 MLD W A B C ̾ͦ F G K 75 460 450 175 255 150 300 25 4.0 Oil & Grease trap a) Daily average flow : 500 KLD b) Capacity of grease trap with detention time : 5.21cum of 15 min c) Taking effective depth : 1 m d) Surface area of grease trap : 5.21 Sq. m. e) Provide Surface area : 6 sq. m. It is proposed to provide one No. oil & grease trap of overall size 6 m.Ɛ S+T With two separation walls. Size of each end compartments will be 2.5m Ɛ1 m and that off central compartment will be 1 m Ɛ01 m. total area provided is 6 Sq. m. against required area of 5.21 Sq. m. 5.0 Chemical House There are three chambers of equal dimensions; normally the detention time is kept as 5-10 min. Here, take 10 min. a) Capacity (500)*10 / (24×60) = 3.5 cum b) Keeping depth as 1.0 m, Area 3.5/1.0 =3.5 Sq. m. 6.0 Flash Mixer a) Volume required average flow ×detention time 500.0×O10P^3×30/1000×24×3600 0.18 cum Provide water depth of 1m, b) Therefore area of tank 0.18/1 = 0.18 Sq. m. Provide 2 no. flash mixer of size 1.00 Sq. m. as against required area of 0.18 Sq. m. 7.0 Aeration Tank 8.0 MBBR 8.1 MBBR tank a) Peak Flow 1000 m^3/Day b) Raw water BOD 350 mg/l c) BOD loading rate 350 kg/day d) MLSS 3800 mg/L Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 49 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description e) F/M ratio 0.12 f) HRT 5 hours g) Volume Required 1000×5/20 250 m^3 8.2 Tank Dimensions Adopting, 3 No aeration tank 126 cum. Depth = 3.0m (+0.5 m) ; width =3m ; Length =14m a) Carrier Sp. Area 400 m^2/m^3 b) Design carrier fill 0.4 c) Bio-membrane required 400,000 Sq. m. 9.0 Secondary Clarifier a) Detention time basis b) Detention time 2.00 hours c) Capacity 500×2.0/24 41.667 cum Over flow rate basis (Adopting surface loading rate of 15 cum/day/sq. m. as average flow) Surface area required = 500 KLD/15×1000 = 33.33 Sq. m. Checking for surface loading as peak flow (Within the permissible range 25-35 cum/day/Sq. m. of SLR) Area requirement at SLR of 70 kg/day/Sq. m. at average flow 500×SRͧ Ɛ UZ00/(70×1000×1000) 27.142 Sq. m Area requirement at SLR of 170 kg/day/Sq. m. at Peak flow 2×500×O10P^3×3800/(170×1000×1000) 22.352 Sq. m. Therefore, adopting higher value of surface area of SST 33.34 Sq. m. Size of SST It is proposed to provide 1 nos. of Dia. 7 meter. Total area provided is 38.50 Sq. m., as against required area of 33.33 Sq. m. 10.0 Multi grade filter (MGF) a) Capacity of CETP 500 KLD b) Propose rate of filtration 15 m/hr c) Required area of filter 500/15/24 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 50 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description 1.4 Sq. m. It is proposed to provide Multi grade filter of size 1.0 M i/d ×2.0 m height each. d) No. of filter required 1.4/(0.785×1.0*2.0) = 0.89 e) Total number of filters with 25% spare 0.89+0.23=1.12 ,Provide 2 (+1 Standby) 11.0 Activated Carbon Filter a) Capacity of CETP 500 KLD b) Propose rate of filtration 15 m/hr c) Required area of filter 500.00/15/24 = 1.4 Sq. m. d) It is proposed to provide Multi grade filter of size 1 M i/d ×2 m height eac e) No. of filter required 1.4/(0.785×1*2) 0.89 Total number of filters with 25% spare 0.89+0.23 = 1.12= Say 2 (+1 Standby) 12.0 filter press Total Sludge produce per day = 10 cum It is provide filter press model, which is capable of treating 35-70 cum/hr taking average value of 60 cum/hr. No. of filter press required = 1 no. It is proposed to provide 1(+1 Standby) no. mechanical filter press automatically operated model, which is capable of treating 35-70 cum/hr with outer dimension as 5.0 m× 5.0m × 1.50m height with operational platform of size 3m×3m- one filter press to act as standby. 13.0 Disinfection UV method will Provided for disinfection a) Description of units Mark Description Size/Capacity(in mm) Number of units (B×L×D) BSC Bar Screen Chamber 1400×600×1000(+200) 2 (+1) OGT Oil & grease trap 1000×6000×1000 1 EQT Equalization tank 4000×10000×2500 2 AT Aeration tank 3000×14000×3000(+500) 2 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 51 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description UF+SWT UF + soft water tank 5000W×5000L×5000H 1 FWT Filtred Water Tank 5000W×5000L×5000H 1 2.6.4 Land Pollution The impact on land environment will be mainly due to generation & improper management of debris/construction material during construction phase & solid & hazardous waste during operation phase. Construction waste will be properly collected and disposed off & various measures to be adopted for mitigating any adverse impact on land environment are detailed in chapter 4. 2.6.5 Solid Waste Management In practice, airport operations encounter various types of waste, including: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Construction and Demolition Debris (CDD); waste from aircraft flights (deplaned waste); compostable waste; hazardous and industrial waste; and lavatory waste. For MSW and CDD, airports have choices in how to manage collection, treatment, storage, and disposal. Construction waste to the tune of 1503 MT will be generated from the project. Municipal solid waste to the tune of 1414 kg/day will be generated including the existing waste. Hazardous waste is being/will be generated from the project. Table 2.8: Calculation of municipal solid waste Particulars Population Basis Quantity of waste generated (in kg/day) Passengers 7123 @0.15 kg/day 1068 Visitors 712 @0.12 kg/day 85 Airport Staffs 250 @0.3 kg/day 75 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 52 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project : OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 2: Project Description Particulars Population Basis Quantity of waste generated (in kg/day) Food Courts & Other 200 @0.20 kg/day 40 facilities Waste From Aircraft 48 @3 kg/Aircraft 144 Landscaping 8.88 acres @0.2kg/acre/day 1.77 Total 1414 kg/day The solid waste generated will be first segregated as plastic, glass, paper, and other waste separately and disposed off as per applicable Rules. ******** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 53 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project !O#$%&'(&) !"!#$%&!'()$*)+,-.()/0-%$-(1).()+,-.()2'(!-'.(0$'.#)/0-%$-(1)+,-.()34,5.-.(6P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3 Description of Environment Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Chapter 3 Description of the Environment 3.1 Introduction The anthropogenic activities related to Airport sector cause impacts on environmental components in and around the project site. However, the intensity of environmental impacts vary from project to projects, depends upon several factors like; Physical, Chemical, & other etc., Involved in the project, processing capacity (scale / size of the project), type and extent of pollution control measures, project location surrounding geomorphology etc. To assess environmental impacts from project (specific), it is essential to monitor the environmental quality prevailing in the surrounding area prior to implementation of the project. The environmental status (baseline status) within the study area is used for prediction of anticipated environmental impact assessment study. A regional background to the baseline data is being presented at the very onset, which will help in better appreciation of micro-level field data, generated on several environmental and ecological attributes of the study area. The baseline status of the project environment is described section wise for better understanding of the broad- spectrum conditions. The baseline environment quality represents the background environmental scenario of various environmental components such as air, noise, land, ecological and socio-economic status of the study area. 3.1. Study Area An area of 10 km radius (aerial distance) from the airport site is marked as study area. The baseline information is collected for the identified study area, which includes the project area and area within its 10 km radius. The study area (toposheet No. 46C/12 & 46 C16) is situated on the Eastern bank of the Tapi River having the coastal line of the Arabian Sea on its south at a telescopic distance of about 4 Kms. It is 6-9 m above the mean sea level. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 55 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment The project is linked by Bombay-Ahmadabad broad-gauge rail line of Western Railway and also by road- National High-Way No. 8 which is passing through to the north of the city. The distance of two mega metro cities i.e. Mumbai in the south and Ahmedabad in the north from the project is about 260 Kms. and 224 Kms. respectively. The city is also connected with the major cities of the state and those of the neighboring states by road and rail. Location Map and map showing Geographical Co-ordinates of the project area have been given in Chapter - I, Figure 1.1 & 1.2, respectively. Map showing study area is given in this chapter as Figure 3.1. As per the EIA notification 2006 guidelines for preparing EIA report, baseline study of 10 km radius area surrounding the project site shall be covered under the study and the same is denoted as study area. As part of the study, description of biological environment and human environment such as environmental settings, demography & socio-economics, land-use/land cover, ecology & biodiversity have been carried out for entire 10 km radius. However, as a universally accepted methodology of EIA studies, physical and environmental attributes such as meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise levels, hydro-geology and solid waste generation have been studied at selective locations representing various land use such as industrial, rural/ residential, commercial and sensitive locations including the densely populated areas, agricultural lands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas, if any falling within 10 km radius study area. Secondary data deemed necessary was collected from various Government organizations and Institutes. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 56 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.1: Map showing study area 3.2. Period of Baseline Studies The baseline status of the project environment is described section wise for better understanding of the broad-spectrum conditions. Field monitoring studies to evaluate the baseline status of the project site has been carried out during the period of March to May, 2019, covering Pre-Monsoon season. The reports are enclosed as Annexure IV. Table 3.1: Baseline period Project Period Season Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat March to May 2019 Pre-monsoon International Airport, Surat (Gujarat) season Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 57 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment 3.3. Components of Baseline Studies Various components of environment that need to be taken into consideration during the baseline data generation are as under:- Land Environment Air Environment Water Environment Soil Environment Noise Environment Eco-Biodiversity Socio M Economic Environment 3.4. Land Use Studies Land Use /Land Cover Study has been done with the aim to: To develop land use & land cover map using land coordinates of the project area. To describe the present Land Use To assess the impact of the project on existing land use of the project area. To suggest measures for conservation and sustainable use of land. 3.4.1. Establishment of baseline data: Detailed interpretation of baseline date is as under:- Material and methods: The details of study area, collection of relevant satellite images, ground-truth observation, and the use of software and analytical tools used in the current study area as follows: Geographical location of the study area: - The project is for environmental clearance of OHolistic Development of Surat AirportP at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat). The total geographical area of study area is 452 sq.km. The survey of India topsheets no. 46C/12 & 46C16 were used for geo referencing the study area. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 58 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Materials: - The equipment used during the present investigation includes ground truth hand held GARMIN 12 GPS receiver for ground truth collection, besides the visual observation and analysis. Garmin 12 GPS receiver: - Global Positioning System is based on a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth at a very high altitude of 20,200 km, which allows anyone with a GPS receiver to determine the precise 3-D location. It offers advantages of accuracy, speed, versatility and economy while in use as an aid for position based data collection. GPS owes its popularity to the dependable high accuracy with which position and time can be determined. The termination of selective availability from first May 2000 has instantly increased the accuracy of stand-alone mode GPS to at least five fold and things are going to get even better in the near future. The GPS was conceived as a ranging system from known positions of satellites in space to unknown positions on land, sea and space. GPS uses pseudo ranges derived from the broadcast satellites. The pseudo ranges were derived either from measuring the travel time of the (coded) signal and multiplying it by its velocity or by measuring the phase of the signal. The antenna detects the electromagnetic waves arriving from the satellites, converts the wave energy into an electric current, amplifies the signal strength and sends the signals to the receiver electronics. The GARMIN 12 GPS Receiver in stand-alone mode was used to collect the information regarding the geographical location of the ground truth sites during the present investigation. Satellite data: - The Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS-1C/1D/P6 LISS III was used for present analysis. Four scenes of IRS P6 LISS III covered the entire study area. Topographical maps of the study area: - The survey of India toposheets. 46C/12 & 46 C/16 were used as reference map for geo-referencing of the remote sensing data. These maps helped to select the ground truth collection sites. Ancillary data: - Information derived from the remotely sensed data can only be verified using field data. Field data is used to improve the information extraction, to calibrate either data or the information and to assess the accuracy of the derived information. Field data used in the study was of different types such as maps of Survey of India, data collected in the field sampling, and information derived from statistical data from revenue department. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 59 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Computer hardware and software: - HP P-4 dual core PC with ERDAS IMAGINE 8.5 image analysis software was used for processing and analysis of the remote sensing data. ArcGIS version 10.5 was used for making land use maps. Spatial observations: - Spatial measurements were made with the help of hand held GPS to get the spatial coordinated along with type of land use. The raw LISS III spectral informationRs was collected in the three bands as detailed below: Band 1: Green region, 0.52-0.59 µm Band 2: Red region, 0.62-0.68 µm Band 3: Near infrared region, 0.77-0.86 µm Data & Methodology:- For the present land use study LISS-III sensor data of IRS-P6 satellite has been used which has a spatial resolution of 5.8 m, which is good enough for Level-II classification. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad classification scheme has been followed for present land use study. First of all the .tiff file is imported to .img format, geometric corrections were performed and data prepared for further process was done. Unsupervised classification method has been adopted followed by visual interpretation technique for 10 km radius and a total of 5 classes have been obtained. Digital image analysis: - The various steps involved in the digital image analysis of remote sensing data area follows. For digital image processing and analysis, preliminary work like collection of maps, reports, remote sensing images, collection and study of collateral and ground truth data were done first. Among all, ground truth data collection is very important for subsequent digital analysis. The HP P-4 dual core PC with ERDAS IMAGINE 8.5 software was used for processing and analysis of remote sensing data. The toposheets of the study area on 1:50,000 scales were scanned and were geometrically corrected in the DATA PREPARATION panel of ERDAS IMAGINE 8.5. The IRS P6 LISS III Image of the study area was loaded into the ERDAS IMAGINE using the IMPORT option. Later, geometric correction of the image was done with the help of the geometrically corrected SOI Toposheets and Ground Control Points (GCPs) collected Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 60 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment with the GPS receiver. The raw image data when viewed on the display showed the difficulty indistinguishing all features. Preliminary interpretation of the satellite data was conducted and GCPs, which were distributed randomly throughout the image with minimum root mean square (rms) error of less than 0.5 were selected. Polynomial transformation of 1st order was used because the correction program runs faster with it and it also avoids geometric distortion in areas of very few GCPs. After completing geometric correction of the image, study area boundary overlay was done. The study area boundary was digitized from SOI toposheets using AOI tools polygon and vector options, saved as AOI layers. This AOI layer was used as administrative boundary mask and the subsets of the respective blocks was prepared using subset image option of data preparation panel. The unsupervised classification was used to prepare the LULC map of the study area of the project and is given below: Fig. 3.2: Landuse/ Landcover Map of Study area Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 61 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Description of Land use: - 1. Crop Land covers a geographical area with a total of 179 sq.km. (39.60 %). 2. Built-up Land covers a geographical area with a total of 119 sq.km. (26.33 %) this land primarily used for Rural and Urban settlement, it is an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with that. 3. Water Bodies (River/Pond) cover a geographical area 92 sq.km (20.35%) in the study area 4. Waste land covers a geographical area with a total of 43 sq.km. (9.51 %) 5. Forest & Tree Cover covers a geographical area 19 sq.km. (4.20 %) this land primarily used for farming and for production of food, fiber and other commercial and horticultural crops. Fig 3.3: Chart showing the landuse distribution Table 3.2: Land-use/land-cover distribution of study area S. No. Classes Area (Sq.km.) % of Area 1. Water body (River/ Pond) 92.0 20.4 2. Crop Land 179.0 39.6 3. Built-up Land 119.0 26.3 4. Forest & Tree Cover 19.0 4.2 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 62 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment S. No. Classes Area (Sq.km.) % of Area 5. Waste Land 43.0 9.5 Total 452.0 100.0 3.5. Physiography & Drainage Pattern Study area Geographically, the district belongs to the western coastlands of the Deccan peninsula. The main Sahyadri scarp is a little outside the limits of the district towards east, but it gives the district its orientation, landscape features and drainage pattern. Distinct zones, viz., hilly areas, piedmont slopes, alluvial plains and coastal plains. Hilly areas: The north-eastern parts of the Surat District fall in this category. Here the general elevations are more than 100m amsl. The topography is rugged with low to moderate high hills and steep hill slopes. These parts are poorly populated and are infested by dense jungle of teak and bamboo. Piedmont slopes: East-central parts of the district fall in this category. Here the elevations range between 60 and 100m.amsl. These parts show a gentle slope towards west. Topography is mainly plain with moderate to deep cutting river valleys and occasional hillocks. Alluviual plains: Alluvial plains situated towards the central parts of the district are characterized by flood plains of the Tapi, Kim and Purna rivers. Tapi has a meandering channel entrenched fairly deep and has cut deep terraces. The topography is generally plain with gentle slope towards west. The general elevations are below 60 m. amsl, the lowest elevation being 45m. amsl near Madhi. Coastal Plains: The alluvial plains towards west merge into a dry barren sandy coastal plain fringed by marshy shore line. All the rivers form estuarine mouths. There are sand bars and spits near the shore. The area under investigation has a general slope towards west and south, having a natural drainage system towards Tapi River and coastal area of South-Western side; but the southern part slopes towards the Mindhola river. Kankar Khari and Un Khari are two main Kharis which meet the sea. Besides a number of stream channels, the pattern Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 63 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment of Kakrapar canal indicates the natural slope, towards northeast and southwest. In the city, Navsari Bazar area having poor drainage system and hence during rains this area along with the walled city area gets water logged. Surat had gone through experiences of flood a number of times due to high spate of Tapi. But with the recent implementation of the Ukai Dam Project and Flood Embankment Scheme, undertaken by the State Government, the area is safe from normal floods. Last flood that affected the city was recorded in 1972. However, there is no storm water drainage system in the city. Core Zone The project area comprises of fluvial sediments and has flat terrain. The open area is covered by fluvial sediments, which is used for grassing and paved. The project site lies from 21°6R N and 72°44R E. (Toposheet no- 46C/12 & 16). The ground elevation of the project area is 3 to 9 m from mean sea level. Vegetation is present along the boundary wall. Drainage The Tapi is the major river which passes through the central parts of the Surat District and flows towards the West. The river is perennial in nature. Other prominent rivers draining the district are Kim, and Purna. 3.6. Climatic Condition In general, the predominant wind direction of the area is from southwest to northeast, i.e. from sea towards the main city. Average climate of Surat and its environs can be studied from the following records based on IMD data:- Table 3.3: Average Climate of Surat Season Month Temp. (°C) Summer March to May Max. 44°C. Generally in between 40° & 44°C. Rainy June to Sept Pleasurable and equable. Autumn Oct. to Nov. Winter Dec. to Feb 10° to 15°C Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 64 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment 3.7. Geology 3.7.1 Regional Geology The area belongs to the southern part of the Cambay basin. It is mostly occupied by Quaternary sediments except for the south eastern and eastern parts where Deccan traps occur at higher elevations and north eastern parts where Tertiary sedimentaries are exposed. In the Surat district ferruginous sandstones of the Guj. series are underlain by nummulitic limestone, sub-nummulitic gypseous shales and supra- trappean lateritised sediments with pockets of bauxite. The stratigraphic sequence is as follows: Table 3.4: General Geological Succession T Quaternary Alluvial, estuarine and aeolian sediments. E Miocene Guj. Series - Ferruginous sandstone R Ecocene Nummulitic Limestone. T Palaocene Sub-nummulitic Gypseous shales. Supratrappean I sediments, partly lateritised with bauxite at places. A Late Cretaceous to Deccan -Traps. R Eocene Y The Cambay basin, which is well known to be bounded by step faults on the eastern and western margins, is also dissected into seven major crustal blocks in the N-S direction from Mehmudabad to Billimora. The various crustal blocks identified are, from the North: (i) Mehomadabad block (ii) Tarapur block (iii) Petlad Katana block (iv) Jambusar-Broach block, (v) Kosamba block, (vi Surat block and (vii) Navsari- Billimora block. These blocks are displaced, up or down, relative to the adjacent blocks due to movements along the faults bounding them. Most of the faults have been found to extend quite deep and to affect the Mono boundary considerably, as is quite evident from the relief of the Moha found along the profile. Further, the seismic activity observed in the region, during historical as well as modern times, suggests that these deep faults may even be currently active. The Jambusar- Broach block has a maximum Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 65 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment crustal thickness of 38-40 Km with deepest granitic basement at 6.0 to 6.5 Km depth. Towards north and south of this graben, the Mono as well as the granitic basement are found to be at Shallower depths. The Deccan traps, which from the basement of the overlying Tertiary sediments very in thickness from 1.0 to 1.8 Km and rise to very shallow depths on the southern part of the profile. It is generally believed that the Tapi and Narmada Rivers flow along parallel fissure zones trending NNE-SSW across the Cambay graben. The above studies by Kaila at al op cit, have shown that deep faults are situated a few Kms south and north from the present partitions of Narmada and Tapi respectively. 3.7.2 Local Geology In the project side, no out crops are seen. The area belongs to quaternary age. Litho- logically, the area is covered with Alluvial, estuarine and aeolian sediments, which have 23-30 m thickness. 3.8. Hydrogeology The major aquifers in the district are formed by alluvium and Deccan Trap basalt with Tertiary formations occupying a small patch. The alluvium occurs in the western part of the district and along the streams whereas in eastern parts weathered and fractured basalt form aquifers. Hydrogeological units are as follows: 1. Fissure Formations 2. Porous Formation Fissure Formations:- Deccan Traps from the aquifers in north-eastern, eastern and south eastern parts of the district comprising Mangrol, Mandvi, Vyara, Valod Mahuva, Songadh, Uchchhal and Nizar talukas. The ground water occurs in unconfined to semi- confined conditions. The occurrence and movement of ground water is governed by the thickness and extent of weathered zone and presence of fractures and joints. At places, dykes act as ground water barriers and restrict the flow of ground water. On the other, at places, the dykes themselves from good aquifers owing to deeper levels of weathering in them. Depth to water level in the areas ranges from 1 m to 20 m. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 66 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment ALLUVIUM: - The western and north western parts of the district comprising Choryasi, Olpad, Kamrej, Palsana and parts of Bardoli talukas is covered by Alluvium. This aquifer can broadly be demarcated into two zones namely newer alluvium and older alluvium. The newer alluvium is present along the river courses and comprises fine to coarse grained sand trap wash with cay intercalations. The sand is unconsolidated but shows some degree of cohesion at places. Water levels are in general deeper in newer alluvium. Older alluvium is present in inter river plains and comprises sand, clay, kankar, grave and silt. The ground water occurs mostly under unconfined conditions but at places semi-confined conditions are also observed, probably due to presence of clay lenses. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL: - The map depicting the depth to water level (Figure 3.4 & 3.5) has been prepared based on water level data for May and November 2012 collected from NNHS. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 67 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.4: Depth to Water Level Map, Pre-Monsoon, 2012 The depth to water level in the district ranges between 5 m to 20 m during May 2012 The depth to water level ranges from 1.39 m (Palsana) to 16.55 m (Mahuva) during November 2012. Spatially, the depth to water level in the District ranges between less than 2 m to nearly 20 m during November 2012. In the major part of the district the water level ranges between 2 m and 5 m bgl. The water level ranging between 5 m and 10 m bgl is found in considerably in larger part of the district. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 68 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.5: Depth to Water Level Map, Post-Monsoon, 2012 3.8.1 Status of Ground Water Development:- The level of Ground Water Development varies from 20.14% (Olpad Taluka) to 77.72% (Choriyasi Taluka) and overall Level of Development for the district is 40.39 %. The overall category of the district is also OSafe. Table 3.5: Status of Ground Water Development of Surat District Net annual GW availability 9627.93 Ha M Existing Ground Water Draft for all uses 7482.50 Ha M Stage of GW development 77.72 % Area Type Non- notified M Safe Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 69 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment 3.9. Natural Disasters & Hazard Risk Seismicity of the Area Surat is the port city located in Peninsular India on the bank of river Tapi. In recent time city has emerged as a hub for chemicals, minerals, textiles, engineering, oil and post based industries. Surat has infrastructure and a very conducive environment for industrial growth, presence and contribution of these industries make the city, one of the most industrialized cities of India. The city is located nearly 350 km away from the epicentre of 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), and unexpectedly received considerable damages. The seismic zoning map of India (BIS: 1893-2002) marks the region in zone III, specifying thereby basic peak ground acceleration as 0.16. Even for the moderate earthquake, it is vulnerable because of the presence of varied kind of structures founded on soft soils of varied thicknesses and high water table as it is in the high flood Zone of Tapi River. Cambay, Rann of Kutch and Narmada- Tapti regions are recognized as one of the most active regions of the Peninsular India. Jaiswal and Sinha (2008) reported that most of the historical earthquakes in Peninsular India have been concentrated near the weak rifting zones (e.g., Rann of Kutch, Narmada lineament) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 70 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.6: Seismic zone map of Gujarat Cyclone Gujarat falls in the region of tropical cyclone. With the longest coast line of 1600 km in the country, it is highly vulnerable to cyclone and its associated hazards such as floods, storm surges, etc. Most of the cyclones affecting the state are generated in the Arabian Sea. They move North-East and hit the coast particularly the Southern Kutch and Southern Saurashtra and the Western part of Gujarat. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 71 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.7: Cyclone Hazard Risk Zonation Map of Gujarat Two cyclonic storm seasons are experienced in Gujarat: May to June (advancing southwest monsoon) and September to November (retreating monsoon). Over 120 cyclones originating in the Arabian Sea had passed through Gujarat over a period of 100 years. Figure 3.7 shows a maximum wind speed class of more than 55 m/sec along the Saurashtra coast, specifically in Porbandar, Jamnagar and Junagadh districts, which are exposed to high intensity cyclonic and storm impact. The 51 to 55 m/sec class extends further inland to cover much of Jamnagar, part of Rajkot, Junagadh and Kutch districts. The 48 to 50 m/sec class extends to most of Rajkot, part of Amreli and Jamnagar districts including Jamnagar, Rajkot cities and parts of Kutch. The 45 to 47 m/sec class covers much of Saurashtra and all of Kutch. This is followed by the 40 to 44 m/sec class that gets its swathe from Kutch through northern Saurashtra all the way to the coast of Gulf of Khambhat and southern Gujarat. The rest of the State falls into the 34 to 39 m/sec class. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 72 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.8: Gujarat Storm Surge Hazard Risk Zonation Map Flood The climatology of Gujarat is influenced by the Arabian Sea in the West and three hill ranges along its Eastern border. A long coastline makes parts of arid Saurashtra and Kutch occasionally experience very high rainfall. These occasional heavy rainstorms are responsible for most of the floods in the State. While the Northern part of the State is mostly arid and semi-arid, the Southern part is humid to sub-humid. Extremes of climate, be it rainfall or temperatures are quite common in this region. All major rivers in the State pass through a wide stretch of the very flat terrain before reaching the sea. These flat lowlands of lower river basins are prone to flooding. Cities like Ahmedabad, Surat and Bharuch are located on the flat alluvial plains of large rivers. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 73 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment The relatively flat plains in the lower basic areas with hilly catchments in upper parts of South Gujarat accentuate flood risks. Fig. 3.9: Gujarat Flood Hazard Risk Zonation Drought Gujarat is one the chronic drought prone state of India, with an average annual rainfall about only 700 mm with more than half of the Talukas of Gujarat receiving rainfall within the range of 200-400 mm. Substantial portions of the State are arid to semiarid. With large parts of North Gujarat and Saurashtra having no source of alternate irrigation, groundwater exploitation is leading increased threats of droughts. Falling water tables have added stress on crops and water supplies. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 74 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.10: Drought Hazard Risk Zonation Map of Gujarat Tsunami Gujarat is prone to tsunami risk due to its long coastline and probability of occurrence of near and offshore submarine earthquakes in the Arabian Sea. Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) -South West of Karachi is an active fault area which may cause a high magnitude earthquake under the sea leading to a tsunami. In past, Kandla coast was hit by a Tsunami of 12 mtrs height in 1945, due to an earthquake in the Makran fault line. Tsunami prone areas in the State include coastal villages of Kutch, Jamnagar, Rajkot, Porbandar, Bhavnagar, Anand, Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad districts. The Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Atlas prepared by GSDMA shows the estimated inundation based on Probable Maximum Surge (PMS) at highest high tide level in figure 3.11. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 75 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.11: Gujarat Tsunami Hazard Risk Zonation 3.10. BASELINE STUDIES 3.10.1. Locations of monitoring stations Nine monitoring stations including site were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air and Noise, Ground Water & Soil. Two monitoring stations were selected for sampling of Surface Water. The monitoring stations were selected on the basis of surface influence, demographic influence and metrological influence. The list of monitoring stations along with their distance & direction w.r.t to project site is given in figure 3.12 & table below: Table 3.6: List of monitoring location S. No. Monitoring Locations Station Code Parameter Distance (km) Direction 1. A-1 Air Gaviyar Near Project GW-1 Ground Water - - Boundary S-1 Soil Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 76 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment S. No. Monitoring Locations Station Code Parameter Distance (km) Direction N-1 Noise 2. A-2 Air GW-2 Ground Water Dumas ~1.7 W S-2 Soil N-2 Noise 3. A-3 Air GW-3 Ground Water Habitation (SW) ~1.1 SW S-3 Soil N-3 Noise 4. A-4 Air GW-4 Ground Water Habitation (NE) ~2.0 NE S-4 Soil N-4 Noise 5. A-5 Air GW-5 Ground Water Abhawa ~2.4 E S-5 Soil N-5 Noise 6. A-6 Air GW-6 Ground Water Bhatpur ~2.9 N S-6 Soil N-6 Noise 7. A-7 Air GW-7 Ground Water Surat ~9.2 NE S-7 Soil N-7 Noise 8. A-8 Air Near Hazira Bird GW-8 Ground Water ~9.3 WSW Sanctuary/R.F S-8 Soil N-8 Noise 9. A-9 Air Hazira Mangroves GW-8 Ground Water ~4.5 W Forest S-8 Soil N-8 Noise Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 77 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Fig. 3.12: Toposheet map showing baselines monitoring Locations 3.10.2. Methodology of the Study Reconnaissance survey was conducted and sampling locations were identified on the basis of: Predominant wind directions in the study area Existing topography, location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers; Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas Areas which represent baseline conditions The field observations are used to: Evaluate the environmental impacts through modeling techniques; Identify extent of negative impacts on community/natural resources; and Identify mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. The study also provides framework and institutional strengthening for implementing the mitigation measures. Field studies have been conducted during pre monsoon season Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 78 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment (March to May, 2019) to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes. The monitoring details and scope of work are outlined in Table below Table 3.7: Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring S. No. Environmental Attribute Parameters Frequency of monitoring 1 Ambient Air 9 locations Ambient air quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx & 24 hourly samples monitoring (24 hourly), CO Twice a week for 1 season twice a week. (3 months, pre-monsoon) 2 Water quality Physical, chemical & Once in season; (Ground & Surface water) biological parameters 11 locations (9 GW + 2 SW ) sampling, 3 Noise Noise levels monitoring 9 locations dB(A) Noise level monitoring (day & night time), once in a season 4 Land use Pattern Identification & classification Land use & land Cover mapping, of land use using satellite followed by site visit of the study area imagery for ground truthing 5 Geology and hydrogeology Data collected during field Once in study period survey and from secondary sources 6 Ecology Existing terrestrial and Through 10 km radial study of the core & aquatic flora and fauna buffer zone; data collected through field visits & secondary data sources viz. DFO. 7 Socio-economic Data Socio-economic 10 km radial study of the core & buffer characteristics of the impact zone; data collected through field visits & zone secondary data review. 8. Soil quality Physical & chemical 9 locations; once in a season parameters 3.11. Climatology and Micrometeorology The atmosphere is the medium in which air pollution is transported away from the source. Meteorology influences the way air pollution is dispersed, including wind Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 79 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment direction and wind speed, type of terrain and heating effects. Atmospheric stability affects pollution released from ground level and elevated sources differently. In unstable conditions, ground level pollution is readily dispersed thereby reducing ground level concentrations (GLC). Elevated emissions, however, such as those released from a chimney, are returned more readily to ground level, leading to higher ground level concentrations. Stable conditions mean less atmospheric mixing and therefore higher concentrations around ground level sources, but better dispersal rates, and therefore lower ground level concentrations, for elevated plumes. The micrometeorological data helps for appropriate understanding of the baseline micro climatic status of the study area as well as for input into prediction models to evaluate air dispersion phenomenon. Chronological data on meteorological parameters also helps identifying the general errors encountered during generation of micro meteorological data of the region. The year is broadly divided into four seasons as per IMD: Winter season : December to February Pre-monsoon season : March to May Monsoon season : June to September Post-monsoon season : October to November 3.7.1. Methodology The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). The data on meteorological parameters in the study area were monitored for the period March to May 2019. The data was monitored from an automated weather-monitoring station. The instrument was positioned to allow free exposure to atmosphere all through the study period. 3.11. Air Environment 3.11.1. Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone around the project site forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are traffic, Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 80 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during operation. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring carried out for study period from March to May, 2019, are given in follow-up sections. Nine monitoring stations (including project site) were installed at different locations to assess the ambient air quality. Summary of the air quality monitoring is given below: Table 3.8: Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling S. No Parameters Sampling Frequency Monitoring period 1. PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week 2. PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week 3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week March-MayR2019 4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) 24 hourly sample twice a week 5. Carbon Monoxide Hourly sample twice a week 3.11.2. Presentation of Results Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The results of monitoring carried out for study period from March to May, 2019, representing pre-monsoon season. The parameters has been studied and determined quantitatively through planned monitoring. The summary of these results for each location are presented in table below. The results are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural /residential zone. Table 3.9: Summary of ambient air quality monitoring Parameters S. No. Sampling Location Particular PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO 3 3 3 3 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) A-1 Average 107.7 48.2 15.4 30.1 1176.7 1. Project Site Maximum 121.6 55.4 17.5 33.3 1310.0 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 81 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Parameters S. No. Sampling Location Particular PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO 3 3 3 3 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) Minimum 90.8 43.5 12.6 27.1 1050.0 98th %ile 120.9 54.5 17.5 33.2 1310.0 Average 99.7 48.1 12.3 26.2 1309.6 Maximum 105.0 53.2 13.6 29.2 1530.0 2. A-2 Dumas Minimum 94.5 43.4 10.9 23.1 1180.0 98th %ile 104.9 52.7 13.6 29.2 1502.4 Average 89.2 41.5 10.3 24.6 1057.9 Maximum 95.4 45.1 12.1 26.7 1210.0 3. A-3 Habitation (SW) Minimum 81.2 36.5 9.2 22.8 950.0 98th %ile 95.0 45.1 12.1 26.7 1182.4 Average 92.9 43.5 11.1 27.3 1235.4 A-4 Habitation Maximum 98.2 48.6 12.4 30.3 1450.0 4. Minimum 87.7 38.8 9.7 24.2 1100.0 98th %ile 98.1 48.1 12.4 30.3 1422.4 Average 90.9 45.5 10.9 23.3 1170.4 A-5 Abhawa Maximum 96.5 49.5 12.4 26.1 1320.0 5. Minimum 86.5 40.9 9.6 20.8 1010.0 98th %ile 96.5 49.2 12.4 25.6 1315.4 Average 82.1 39.8 10.3 22.1 1027.1 Maximum 86.5 44.1 11.5 26.1 1120.0 6. A-6 Bhatpur Minimum 77.9 36.4 9.2 18.9 920.0 98th %ile 86.5 43.9 11.5 25.6 1115.4 Average 114.9 52.9 15.0 30.9 1332.1 Maximum 128.1 58.4 16.5 35.6 1510.0 7 A-7 Surat Minimum 102.5 48.6 13.5 28.1 1150.0 98th %ile 126.0 58.4 16.5 35.0 1491.6 A-8 Average 80.6 39.8 10.1 21.6 912.9 8 Near Hazira Bird Sanctuary Maximum 86.4 44.6 11.4 24.6 980.0 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 82 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Parameters S. No. Sampling Location Particular PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO 3 3 3 3 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) Minimum 76.8 35.9 8.7 18.5 830.0 98th %ile 85.9 44.1 11.4 24.6 980.0 9 A9 Average 86.3 40.2 10.0 25.2 905.4 Hazira Mangroves Maximum 91.9 44.2 11.2 27.6 980.0 Minimum 81.3 36.2 8.9 22.9 810.0 98th %ile 91.9 44.2 11.2 27.6 980.0 NAAQ STANDARDS 100 60 80 80 4000 3.11.3. Observations The observations based on a perusal of the results for study period are summarized below: Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) A maximum value of 128.1µg/m3 was observed at Surat (A7) and minimum value of 76.80 )&'(3 was observed Near Hazira Bird Sanctuary (A8). The average values 3 3 were observed to be in the range of 80.6 )&'( to 114.9 )&'( . The PM 10 Values were found to be exceeding the prescribed limits of NAAQS at Surat (A7) & Gaviyar near Project Boundary (A1). Particulate Matter (PM2.5): A maximum value of 58.4 )&'(3 was observed at Surat (A7) and minimum value of 35.9 )&'(3 was observed Near Hazira Bird Sanctuary (A8). The average values were observed to be in the range of 39.8 )&'(3 to 52.9 )&'(3. All the values are within the prescribed limits of NAAQS. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 3 Maximum concentration of SO2 is observed to be 17.5 )&'( at Gaviyar near Project Boundary (A1) and minimum value of 8.7 )&'(3 was observed near Hazira Bird Sanctuary (A8). The average values were observed to be in the range of 10 to 15.4 )&'(3. All the values are well within the prescribed limits of NAAQS. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 83 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) 3 Maximum concentration of NOX is observed to be 35.6 )&'( at Surat (A7) and minimum value of 18.5 )&'(3 was observed near Hazira Bird Sanctuary (A8). The average values were observed to be in the range of 21.6 )&'(3 to 30.9 )&'(3. All the values are well within the prescribed limits of NAAQS. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Maximum concentration of CO is observed to be 1530 )&'(3 at Dumas (A2) and minimum value of 810 )&'(3 was observed near Hazira Mangroves (A9). The average values were observed to be in the range of 905.4 )&'(3 to 1332.1 )&'(3. All the values are well within the prescribed limits of NAAQS. 3.12. Water Environment 3.12.1. Water Quality Ground water resources and surface water in the study area have been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to: Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities. The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 84 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Table 3.10: Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes Designated-Best-Use Category Criteria Description Drinking Water Source without conventional A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml treatment but after disinfection shall be 50 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing (Organized) B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Drinking water source after conventional C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml treatment and disinfection shall be 5000 or less pH between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 disposal Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l - Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria Source: CPCB Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 85 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment 3.12.2. Water Sampling Locations Water samples were collected from nine locations for Ground water. Surface water sample was collected from two locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards as prescribed for drinking water (IS: 10500). 3.12.3. Presentation of Results The analytical results of water samples are given in Table No. 3.11 & Table No. 3.12 for the ground water samples & surface water sample respectively. The quality of ground water samples were compared with IS: 10500 standards. Table 3.11: Ground water analysis results Gaviar Near Hazira (Near Hazira Mangroves Abhawa Bhatpur Surat Project Habitation- Habitation Bird S. Boundary) Dumas (SW) (NE) Sanctuary No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 1 pH - 7.42 7.54 7.43 7.39 7.19 7.28 7.52 7.91 7.88 2 Temperature 0C 26.4 25.8 26.4 26.4 24.5 25.3 25.8 24.1 23.4 3 Turbidity NTU <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Magnesium mg/l 256 219 4 Hardness (CaCO3) 274 320 261 278 310 342 374 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 86 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment Gaviar Near Hazira (Near Hazira Mangroves Abhawa Bhatpur Surat Project Habitation- Habitation Bird S. Boundary) Dumas (SW) (NE) Sanctuary No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 432 310 5 (as CaCO3) 410 436 390 398 480 540 570 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 561 435 495 475 431 378 395 610 594 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 80 105 95 97 120 128 101 145 136 8 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.78 0.78 0.74 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.85 0.91 0.84 10 Sodium mg/l 210 210 175 236 231 185 195 264 245 11 Potassium mg/l 36 35 39 30 45 41 32 42 51 12 Salinity ppt 1.15 0.97 1.06 1.03 0.99 0.90 0.89 1.36 1.31 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.8 BOD mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 16 (3 Days at 27°C) 17 COD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 18 Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.21 0.14 0.23 0.17 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.22 0.16 19 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.1 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.11 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 87 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment Gaviar Near Hazira (Near Hazira Mangroves Abhawa Bhatpur Surat Project Habitation- Habitation Bird S. Boundary) Dumas (SW) (NE) Sanctuary No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 21 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 23 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected Not Not Not Not Not Not Not 24 (<2) (<2) Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected (<2) (<2) (<2) (<2) (<2) (<2) (<2) Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml Not Not Not Not Not Not Not 25 Not Detected Not Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 88 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment Table 3.12: Surface water analysis result of the study area SW1 SW2 S. No. Parameter Unit ^Tapi River (Tapi River Upstream) Downstream) 1 pH - 7.85 7.94 2 Temperature OC 24.8 25.4 3 Turbidity NTU 3.0 4.0 Magnesium mg/l 242 285 4 Hardness(CaCO3) 5 Total Alkalinity (asCaCO3) mg/l 690 710 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 468 489 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 245 261 8 Nitrate mg/l 1.4 1.61 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.68 0.75 10 Sodium mg/l 280 295 11 Potassium mg/l 68 74 12 Salinity ppt 1.22 1.31 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l 2.98 3.12 14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.1 5.8 15 BOD(3 Days at 27°C) mg/l 8.0 11.0 16 COD mg/l 28 37 17 Iron (Fe) mg/l 1.15 1.25 18 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 19 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.87 0.96 20 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 21 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 22 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 23 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 500 700 24 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml 210 260 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 89 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat 7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment 3.12.4. Interpretation Ground Water: During study period, pH values observed were in the range of 7.19 to 7.91. The concentration of chlorides was in the range of 378 mg/l to 610 mg/l. Total Alkalinity varied from 570 mg/l to 310 mg/l. Surface Water: During the study period, pH values observed was in the range of 7.85 to 7.94. The dissolved oxygen value is in between 5.8 mg/l to 6.1 mg/l, while the BOD of water level is in the range of 8.0 mg/l to 11 mg/l. 3.13. Noise Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is increasing at such a high rate that it is posed to become a major threat to the quality of human lives. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. A decibel is the standard for the measurement of noise. The zero on a decibel scale is at the threshold of hearing, the lowest sound pressure that can be heard. According to D.B. Smith, 20 dB is whisper, 40 dB is quiet office, 60 dB is normal conversation and 80 dB is the level at which sound become physically painful. Noise is measured in decibel (dB). With reference to the frequency of Noise, QAR weighting was selected for this entire monitoring. The QAR frequency weighting is the method of frequency weighting the electrical signal within a noise measuring instrument is to reproduce the way the human ear responds to a range of acoustic frequencies. QAR weighting filters out lower frequencies very severely. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated during the project Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 90 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat #$%&'$(%)*$(+!,)'-*'%.!/0'(%!1203('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment operations around the project site. The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at nine locations in the study area. 3.13.1. Ambient Noise Monitoring Results The summary of noise monitoring carried out during the baseline period is tabulated as under: Table 3.13: Noise Monitoring Results Location Location Name Zone classification Applicable CPCB Results Code (CPCB) standards Leq Leq Leq Leq Day Night Day Night N1 Project Site Commercial Area 65 55 68.7 56.8 N2 Dumas Commercial Area 65 55 56.4 42.5 N3 Habitation (SW) Residential Area 55 45 54.1 38.9 N4 Habitation (NE) Residential Area 55 45 59.4 44.1 N5 Abhawa Commercial Area 65 55 57.1 40.4 N6 Bhatpur Commercial Area 65 55 58.4 41.2 N7 Surat Commercial Area 65 55 60.1 43.1 N8 Near Hazira Bird Silence Zone 50 40 50.4 Sanctuary 38.4 N9 Hazira Mangroves Silence Zone 50 40 49.5 37.4 Table 3.14: CPCB Noise Standards Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 91 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat #$%&'$(%)*$(+!,)'-*'%.!/0'(%!1203('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment 3.13.2. Observation Day Time Noise Levels (Leq day) During day time (Leq day) the noise level varied from 68.7 near Project Site (N1) to 49.5 dB (A) at Hazira Mangroves (N9). Noise level Night time Noise Levels (Leqnight) The night time (Leqnight) noise levels during the study period is in the range between 56.8 near Project Site (N1) to 37.4 dB (A) at Hazira Mangroves (N9). The day time and night time noise levels monitored for pre monsoon season at the project site & at sensitive receptors in the impact zone / study area is exceeding the prescribed limit at Project Site (N1) & at Habitation (N4) located in NE direction from Project Site. 3.14. Soil Quality Soil may be defined as a thin layer of earthRs crust which serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants. It is unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as parent material, climate, organism and physiochemical action of wind, water and sunlight all acting over a long period of time. Soil differs from the parent materials in the morphological, physical, chemical and biological properties. For studying soil quality of the region, a sample was collected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area. The sample was collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. The present study on the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and identifies the incremental concentrations if any, due to the project. The objective of the sampling is: To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; To determine the impact of activity on soil characteristics; and Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 92 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat #$%&'$(%)*$(+!,)'-*'%.!/0'(%!1203('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view. The soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm. The samples was then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed. 3.14.1. Data Generation Methodology For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due to the expansion of the existing airport. 3.14.2. Locations of soil sampling Soil samples were collected as per standard procedure from nine locations. Sampling was done from the ground up to one foot depth. The soil sampling location details are given above in Fig. 3.12. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 93 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Guj('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment 3.14.3. Result The soil analysis result of all the five location is elaborated in table below: Table 3.15: Soil quality analysis results Gaviyar Near Habitation Habitation Hazira Bird Hazira S.No Parameter Unit Dumas Abhawa Bhatpur Surat Project (SW) (NE) Sanctuary Mangroves Boundary Sandy Sandy Sandy Clay Clay Sandy Sandy Clay Clay Texture - Loam Loam Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam Clay Loam 1 a Sand % 54.9 55.6 52.9 58.4 56.1 48.9 51.2 50.4 46.9 b Silt % 21.5 20.8 22.5 20.1 21.8 26.5 23.2 24.2 22.6 c clay % 23.6 23.6 24.6 21.5 22.1 24.6 25.6 25.4 30.5 2 pH (1:2) - 7.74 7.85 7.88 8.04 7.68 7.94 8.12 8.15 8.23 Electrical µmhos/cm 3 Conductivity 210 197 246 247 196 345 306 296 321 Water Holding 4 Capacity % 29.8 28.5 30.1 27.1 27.9 32.4 33.6 31.4 36.1 5 Permeability cm/hrs 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 94 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Guj('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 3: Description of Environment Gaviyar Near Habitation Habitation Hazira Bird Hazira S.No Parameter Unit Dumas Abhawa Bhatpur Surat Project (SW) (NE) Sanctuary Mangroves Boundary 6 Porosity % 40.1 40.4 38.4 42.1 41.6 35.6 36.8 36.9 34.1 Organic 7 Matter % 0.54 0.48 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.55 0.64 0.71 0.65 3.14.4. Interpretation Samples collected from identified locations indicate that pH value ranged from 7.68 to 8.23, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Organic Matter ranges from 0.48% to 0.71 %. Soil Texture observed in the study area is predominantly Sandy Clay Loam & Loam. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 95 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.15. Socio M Economic Environment This section of the EIA report deals with Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of the Proposed " Holistic Development of Surat AirportP at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat). The broad objectives of the socio-economic impact assessment are as follows: a) To study the socio-economic status of the people living in the study area of the project. b) To assess the impact on socio-economic environment due to the project. c) To assess the impact of the project on State Gross Domestic Product (SGDP) d) To evaluate the community development measures proposed to be taken up by the project proponent, if any. e) To suggest Community Development measures that needs to be taken for the study area ` 3.15.1. Methodology The methodology adopted for impact assessment is as follows: a) The details of the activities and population structure have been obtained from Census 2011 and analyzed. b) Primary data was collected by a door-to-door survey in urban area and householdRs living therein. The data collected during the above survey was analyzed to evaluate the prevailing socio-economic profile of the area. c) Based on the above data, impacts due to construction operation on the community have been assessed and recommendations for further improvement have been made. 3.15.2. Concept & Definition a) Study Area: The study area, also known as impact area has been defined as the sum total of core area/project area and buffer area with a radius of 10 Kilometers from the periphery of the core area/project is. The study area includes all the land marks both natural and manmade falling herein. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 96 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* b) Household: A group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen are called a household. Persons living in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of related or unrelated persons live in a house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not part of a common household. Each such person is treated as a separate household. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households. c) Sex ratio: Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. It is expressed as number of females per 1000 males. d) Literates: All persons aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language are taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who are blind but can read in Braille are also treated as literates. e) Literacy rate: Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population aged 7 years and above. f) Labour Force: The labour force is the number of people employed and unemployed in a geographical entity. The size of the labour force is the sum total of persons employed and unemployed. An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively seeking work. Normally, the labour force of a country consists of everyone of working age (around 14 to 16) and below retirement (around-65) that are participating workers, that is people actively employed or seeking employment. People not counted under labour force are students, retired persons, stay-at home parents, people in prisons and discouraged workers. g) Work: Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. The work may be part time Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 97 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* or full time or unpaid work in a farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. h) Worker: All persons engaged in 'work' are defined as workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. i) Main Workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers. j) Marginal Workers: Those workers who did not work for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers k) Work participation rate: The work participation rate is the ratio between the labour force and the overall size of their cohort (national population of the same age range). In the present study the work participation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population. 3.15.3. Legislative and Regulatory Considerations To review laws and regulations governing the projectRs implementation and the access of poor and excluded groups to goods, services and opportunities provided by the project. In addition, review the enabling environment for public participation and development planning. SIA should build on strong aspects of the legal and regulatory systems to facilitate program implementation and identify weak aspects while recommending alternative arrangements. 3.15.4. Social Impact Assessment Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is an instrument used to analyze social issues and solicit stakeholder views for the design of projects. SIA helps in making the project responsive to social development concerns, including options that enhance benefits for poor and vulnerable people while mitigating risk and adverse impacts. It analyzes distributional impacts of intended project benefits on different stakeholder groups, and identifies differences in assets and capabilities to access the project Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 98 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* benefits. The scope and depth of SIA should be determined by the complexity and importance of issues studied, taking into account the skills and resources available. SIA should include studies related to involuntary resettlement, compulsory land acquisition, impact of imported workforces, job losses among local people, damage to sites of cultural, historic or scientific interest, impact on minority or vulnerable groups, child or bonded labour, use of armed security guards. However, SIA may primarily include the following: Social Issues SIA provides baseline information for designing social development strategy. The analysis should determine the key social and Institutional issues which affect the project objectives; identify the key stakeholder groups in this context and determine how relationships between stakeholder groups will affect or be affected by the project; and identify expected social development outcomes and actions proposed to achieve those outcomes. Agriculture Impact The agricultural activities are seen in the areas where there is sufficient soil cover. The buffer zone will remain undisturbed and no adverse impact is envisaged. Strategy To Achieve Social Development Outcomes Identify the likely social development outcomes of the project and propose a social development strategy, including recommendations for institutional arrangements to achieve them, based on the findings of the social assessment. The social development strategy could include measures that: o Strengthen social inclusion by ensuring inclusion of both poor and excluded groups as well as then intended beneficiaries in the benefit stream, offer access to opportunities created by the project o Empower stakeholders through their participation in design and implementation of the project, their access to information, and their increased voice and accountability (i.e. a participation framework); and enhance security by minimizing and managing likely social risks and increasing the resilience of intended beneficiaries and affected persons to socioeconomic shocks. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 99 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.15.5. Population The total population of the study area is 4936501 the males constitute of 57.03 per cent and females are 42.96 per cent. The 0-6 population constitute of 12.28 per cent. In each household approximately 4 to 5 persons live together. As per census 2011, population profile, household sizes and other related data of the selected villages within the study area have been summarized in Table- 3.16. From this table, it is observed that Surat Urban area has the highest population (4849213) followed by Mora city (13924). Magdalla has the lowest population (18). Table 3.16: Population of the Study Area Village name Household Male Female Male Female (0-6) (0-6) 1 Bamroli 88 205 213 22 23 2 Barbodhan 785 1807 1551 198 202 Bharthana Kosad (CT) 3 Urban 1169 2935 2744 530 485 4 Bhatia 201 475 488 62 56 5 Bhatlai 1144 2786 1280 231 198 6 Bhatpor Urban 792 1855 1594 244 188 7 Bhesan 449 1086 1109 126 137 8 Bundha 111 229 242 24 31 9 Kavas Urban 1602 4108 2392 444 347 10 Limla (CT) Urban 926 1922 1761 88 86 11 Magdalla (INA) Urban 5 18 0 0 0 12 Malgama 183 474 486 53 53 13 Mora (CT) Urban 3802 11115 2809 530 407 14 Nava Chakra 222 585 587 74 63 15 Navagam 2361 5777 5168 742 591 16 Pipodara 1711 4555 3210 491 466 17 Ranikund 78 183 175 19 24 18 Surat Urban 1063520 2762164 2087049 329192 267608 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 100 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Village name Household Male Female Male Female (0-6) (0-6) 19 Talangpor 3046 8397 3020 663 541 20 Umbhel 1081 2469 2384 273 246 21 Umra 1169 2562 2532 269 264 Total 1084445 2815707 2120794 334275 272016 Grand Total 1084445 4936501 606291 Source: census of India, 2011 Population Of The Study Area Female 43% Male 57% Fig. 3.13: Chart depicting male & female population in study area 3.15.6. Scheduled Tribes Population The ST Population is 3.82 per cent of the Total Population. The Male, Female Population in ST constitutes 3.45 per cent for males and 4.32 per cent for Female. However Scheduled Tribes Population was significant in some of the study area villages/towns. Table 3.17: Scheduled Tribes Population S. No. Village name Male Female 1 Bamroli 63 61 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 101 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Village name Male Female 2 Barbodhan 492 452 3 Bharthana Kosad(CT) Urban 308 293 4 Bhatia 256 274 5 Bhatlai 27 15 6 Bhatpor Urban 498 450 7 Bhesan 206 208 8 Bundha 229 242 9 Kavas Urban 197 159 10 Limla (CT) Urban 71 73 11 Magdalla(INA) Urban 0 0 12 Malgama 0 0 13 Mora (CT) Urban 111 108 14 Nava Chakra 571 579 15 Navagam 383 363 16 Pipodara 338 295 17 Ranikund 181 173 18 Surat Urban 89509 84030 19 Talangpor 292 301 20 Umbhel 1077 1142 21 Umra 2510 2481 Total 97319 91699 Grand Total 189018 Source: census of India, 2011 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 102 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Total Scheduled Tribes Population 97319 91699 ST Male ST Female Fig. 3.14: Chart Depicting Scheduled Tribes Population in Study Area (10 Km Buffer) 3.15.7. Scheduled Caste Population Caste and community profile of the study area reflects that most of the village/towns within the study area are having less than five percent of the people as Scheduled Caste. Highest Scheduled Caste population is recorded in Surat urban area. The SC Population is 2.47 per cent of the Total Population. The Male, Female Population in SC constitutes 2.27 per cent for males and 2.73 per cent for female. Table 3.18: Scheduled Caste Population S. No. Village name Male Female 1 Bamroli 15 24 2 Barbodhan 179 171 3 Bharthana Kosad(CT) Urban 26 23 4 Bhatia 19 24 5 Bhatlai 95 47 6 Bhatpor Urban 0 0 7 Bhesan 2 6 8 Bundha 0 0 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 103 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Village name Male Female 9 Kavas Urban 83 58 10 Limla (CT) Urban 67 55 11 Magdalla(INA) Urban 0 0 12 Malgama 27 39 13 Mora (CT) Urban 242 207 14 Nava Chakra 3 2 15 Navagam 154 163 16 Pipodara 151 146 17 Ranikund 0 0 18 Surat Urban 62643 56832 19 Talangpor 74 61 20 Umbhel 168 164 21 Umra 17 21 Total 63965 58043 Grand Total 122008 *Sources: Census of India, 2011 Total SC Population 63965 58043 SC Male SC Female SC Male SC Female Figure 3.15: Chart Depicting Scheduled Caste Population in the Study Area Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 104 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.15.8. Literacy The literate total population of the study area is 3797033 which constitute to be 76.91 per cent. The male literacy with respect to male population is 80.30 per cent and female literacy total 72.42 per cent with respect to female population in the study area. The non- literate total population of the study area is 1139468 which constitute to be 23.08 per cent. The male non-literacy with respect to male population is 19.69 per cent and female non-literacy total 27.57per cent with respect to female population in the study area. An appreciation of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to understand whether better jobs due to the proposed project could utilize the existing human resource in the area. The literacy rate in Chorasi Taluka & Oplad Taluka within the study area alongwith the district has a higher literacy rate. Comparing the literacy rates of Chorasi Taluka with Surat district over the two decades of 2001 and 2011, it is observed that there is a significant increase of literacy rate both in district and taluka. Surat district has a much higher literacy rate as a whole of about 85.53% as compared separately to Chorasi and Oplad taluka which may be due to much higher literacy rates in other Talukas. Table 3.19: Literacy & Non- Literacy Status of the Study Area Male Female Male Female S. No. Village name literacy literacy Non-literacy Non- literacy 1 Bamroli 46 53 159 160 2 Barbodhan 1391 1046 416 505 Bharthana Kosad 3 (CT) Urban 1863 1272 1072 1472 4 Bhatia 347 328 128 160 5 Bhatlai 2458 898 328 382 6 Bhatpor Urban 1421 1120 434 474 7 Bhesan 833 741 253 368 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 105 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Male Female Male Female S. No. Village name literacy literacy Non-literacy Non- literacy 8 Bundha 119 110 110 132 9 Kavas Urban 3385 1638 723 754 10 Limla (CT) Urban 1805 1620 117 141 Magdalla(INA) 11 Urban 15 0 3 0 12 Malgama 415 392 59 94 13 Mora (CT) Urban 10271 2210 844 599 14 Nava Chakra 364 287 221 300 15 Navagam 4670 3792 1107 1376 16 Pipodara 3475 1926 1080 1284 17 Ranikund 122 75 61 100 18 Surat Urban 2217453 1513513 544711 573536 19 Talangpor 6761 1763 1636 1257 20 Umbhel 1722 1456 747 928 21 Umra 1989 1648 573 884 Total 2261038 1535995 554669 584799 Grand Total 3797033 1139468 *Sources: Census of India, 2011 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 106 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Literacy Status of the Study Area Total Literacy = 3797033 Total Illiteracy = 1139468 Female 1535995 Male 2261038 Female 584799 554669 Male Literates Illiterates Fig. 3.16: Chart depicting Male-Female wise Distribution of Literates & Illiterates in the study area 3.15.9. Economic Development The total working population of the study area is 2002832 accounting to be 40.57 per cent. From the total working population the main workers constitute of 96.09 per cent and marginal working population is 3.90 per cent. The female working population is 10.42 per cent with respect to female population of the study area. The majority of the main population in the study area is engaged in agriculture and related activities. In the study area people are also occupied in other works like government services, private jobs, manufacturing, retailing etc. Table 3.20: Employment status of the study area S. No. Main working Marginal working Non-working Village name population population Population Male Female Male Female Male Female 1. Bamroli 127 58 4 9 74 146 2. Barbodhan 1003 304 172 128 632 1119 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 107 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Main working Marginal working Non-working Village name population population Population Male Female Male Female Male Female 3. Bharthana Kosad(CT) Urban 1609 379 34 56 1292 2309 4. Bhatia 261 80 47 116 167 292 5. Bhatlai 2112 128 105 12 569 1140 6. Bhatpor Urban 1065 317 63 75 727 1202 7. Bhesan 500 212 164 114 422 783 8. Bundha 168 156 0 1 61 85 9. Kavas Urban 2551 230 366 65 1191 2097 10. Limla (CT) Urban 1087 144 15 9 820 1608 11. Magdalla(INA) Urban 18 0 0 0 0 0 12. Malgama 271 126 8 6 195 354 13. Mora (CT) Urban 9222 420 469 40 1424 2349 14. Nava Chakra 346 232 33 150 206 205 15. Navagam 3064 515 124 42 2589 4611 16. Pipodara 2866 289 97 53 1592 2868 17. Ranikund 114 107 11 11 58 57 18. Surat Urban 1700653 182444 41716 33330 1019795 1871275 19. Talangpor 6580 362 392 39 1425 2619 20. Umbhel 1523 692 69 111 877 1581 21. Umra 1595 604 27 15 940 1913 Total 1736735 187799 43916 34382 1035056 1898613 Grand Total 1924534 78298 2933669 Total Working Population 2002832 2933669 Source: Census of India, 2011 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 108 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Status of Employment in study area 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 Working male Working Female Main Working Marginal Working Fig 3.17: Chart depicting Male & Female employment status of the study area Total Working Population Working 41% Non-Working 59% Fig. 3.18: Chart Depicting Non-working population in study area 3.15.10. Social Infrastructure Available: The infrastructure in the surrounding area is quite improved. Surat City within the study area was awarded "best city" by the Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) in 2013. Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India which is being Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 109 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT services majors TCS and Wipro. The villages in the study area being near to Surat Urban area have the accessibility to all kinds of amenities which should be available to developed regions. Description of the same is as follows: Connectivity: The region is connected to other cities via National Highway NH-6 and State Highways SH-168 and other major district roads to other cities and towns. The nearest connectivity centres and site and surrounding is described in the table below: Table 3.21: Site Surroundings and Connectivity Details S. No Parameters Description Distance and Direction Adjacent to the Airport SH-168 Boundary Nearest National SH-197 ~13.0 km towards NNE 1. Highway/State SH-170 ~12.0 km towards ENE Highway NH-6 ~9.2 km towards W SH-169 ~13.9 km towards NNE Nearest Railway 2. Surat Railway Station ~ 14 Km towards NE Station 3. Nearest Airport Surat Airport - Drinking Water: The major source of drinking water within the study area is municipal source or dug wells. Groundwater usage is minimum, since the water quality is reported to be brackish and saline, making it unfit for drinking purposes. Some of the villages/towns are supplied with piped water supply by neighboring industries. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 110 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Educational facilities: The area falls under Surat & Magdala Urban areas which has high literacy rates and good educational institutes. Even the rural areas surrounding the Airport have Primary Schools & Secondary Schools along with other Private educational Institutes. The nearest educational institutions are given in the table below: Table 3.22: Educational institutions available in nearby area S. No Parameters Description Distance and Direction a) Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 3, ONGC ~3.0 km towards NNE 1. Nearest School Surat b) S.D. Jain Modern School ~5.0 km towards NNE a) K.P. College of Commerce ~9.5 Km towards NE 2. Nearest College b) Govt. Medical College (SW) ~9.8 Km towards NE c) Gandhi Govt. Engg. College (SW) ~9.9 Km towards NE 3. Nearest University Veer Narmad South Gujarat University ~5.4 Km towards NE Health and Medical Facilities Health and medical facilities are important indicators to understand the quality of life across different population subgroups. Nearest settlement point is Gaviyer which has a Primary Health Centre. However, Magdala Urban area is the nearest urban settlement point from the project site which has all types of health centres. Nearest Hospitals are mentioned below in the table. Table 3.23: Medical facilities available in nearby area S. No Parameters Description Distance and Direction a) Green Leaf Hospital 4.9 km towards NE 1. Nearest Hospital b) Sunshine Global Hospital 5.6km towards NNE a) Panas Urban Health Center (W) 7.6 Km towards NE Nearest Govt. Health 2. Centres b) Umra Urban health Center (SW) 6.6 Km towards NE Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 111 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.16. Ecological Environment Biological impact assessment includes identification and evaluation of the likely impacts of proposed project, plans on the biological components of the surrounding environ. Activities of the some projects have undesirable impacts on the peripheral ecosystems. This report represents ecological status of the project site (Core Zone) and its surrounding area of 10 km. radius (Buffer Zone). Also, efforts have been made to predict likely impacts due to project activities, and suggests mitigation measures to reduce / mitigate impacts on ecological components of the surrounding area. Study Period Ecology and biodiversity study was carried out during the month of July 2019. 3.16.1. Scope, Aim and Objectives 1. To enlist floral & faunal groups of the proposed project site and its buffer zone 2. To understand ecological setting / ecological sensitive areas within project study area. 3. To identify Schedule / rare / endangered and endemic species within the study area and prepare conservation plan for them. 4. To identify likely impacts of the proposed project activities surrounding habitats / species components of the project study area. 5. To formulate mitigation measures for likely impacts on the biodiversity of the project area. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 112 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.16.2. Field Data Collection Project site floral species were enlisted with actual observation during the site visit. Also buffer zone was surveyed visiting various habitats to record floral and faunal groups of the study area. 3.16.3. Threat Assessment Threat status of flora has been assessed by following Red Data Book andsimilarly faunal threat status has been assessed by following Indian Wild Life Protection Act (IWPA), 1972 and IUCN. 3.16.4. Ecological Sensitivity / Habitats of the Study Area Buffer zone of the site does not possess National Parks / notified Wildlife Sanctuary / Tiger reserve / Biosphere Reserve/ Tiger Reserves and Elephant corridor etc. However, buffer zone possesses, costal habitats with sparse Mangrove vegetation, mud flats, beaches, creek, aquaculture ponds (shrimp and fish) etc. Also, three rivers namely, Tena, Tapi and Mindhola River falls within the 10 Km. radius area from the project site. Fig. 3.19: Photographs Showing Mangroves in Buffer Zone Costal Habitats Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 113 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* 3.16.5. Terrestrial Biodiversity 3.16.5.1. Core Zone / Project Site Flora: Project site possess plantation / greenbelt as well as natural vegetation. Detail taxonomic account of all species is given in the following table. Table 3.24: Floral Species Plantation in Project Site S. No Name of Tree Numbers 1 Bismarckia 29 2 Subabul 45 3 Date palm 11 4 Casuarina 105 5 White frangipani 48 6 Neem 104 7 Cycas 7 8 Peltophorum 552 9 Alstonia 21 10 Lagerstroemia 28 11 Jatropha 6 12 Mango 13 13 Almond 6 14 Banyan 2 15 Java plum 7 Fauna: Among fauna, greenbelt area of the project site observed with Five Striped Squirrel and some common bird species. 3.16.5.2. Buffer Zone Area In the study area, buffer zone mainly encompasses Surat city area, urban area, costal area, Mango orchards, agriculture land, and waste land, village ponds habitats which supports following major floral and faunal species. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 114 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* Flora: Buffer zone of the project area has been reported with the 151 plant species which includes 49 tree species, 26 shrubs, 68 herbs and 8 grasses species. Taxonomic status of all the species are enlisted in the following table. Table 3.25: Trees Recorded from Buffer Zone Area S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 1 Tree Acacia auriculiformis Austrian baval 2 Tree Acacia leucophloea (Roxb) Willd. Hermobaval 3 Tree Acacia nilotica Deshi Baval, Bavar 4 Tree Adansonia digitat a I Rukh, Rukhdo 5 Tree Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Aurdso 6 Tree Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Siris 7 Tree Alstonia scholaris Saptaparni 8 Tree Annona squamosa Saitafal 9 Tree Azadirachta indica Limbado 10 Tree Bauhinia racemosa Kanchnar 11 Tree Borassus flabellifer L. -- 12 Tree Carica papaya Papaya 13 Tree Cassia fistula Garmalo 14 Tree Cassia siamea Kasid 15 Tree Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sham 16 Tree Cocos nucifera L. Narial 17 Tree Dalbergia sissoo Motosisam 18 Tree Delonix regia Gaulmor 19 Tree Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb) Bans 20 Tree Eucalyptus hybrid Nilgari, Safeda 21 Tree Ficus benghalensis Vad 22 Tree Ficus hispida Dhedhumaro 23 Tree Ficus racemosa Umaro 24 Tree Ficus religiosa Piplo 25 Tree Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Pardesi Baval 26 Tree Mangifera indica Kari Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 115 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 27 Tree Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. Ray an 28 Tree Manilkara zapota Chikoo 29 Tree Melia azadirachta Bakanlimdo 30 Tree Moringa oleifera Sargavo 31 Tree Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne Sonmukhi, 32 Tree Phoenix sp -- 33 Tree Pithecellobium dulce Gorasmli 34 Tree Plumeria obtusa -- 35 Tree Plumeria rubra Champo 36 Tree Polylathia longifolia Asopalav 37 Tree Pongamia pinnata Karanj 38 Tree Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khyigdo 39 Tree Roystonea regia -- 40 Tree Salvador a persica L. Piludi 41 Tree Samanea saman Raintree 42 Tree Syzygium cumini Jambu 43 Tree Tamarindus indica Ambali, Emali 44 Tree Tectona grandis L.f. Sag 45 Tree Terminalia catappa Badam 46 Tree Thespesia populnea Paras piplo 47 Tree Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth. Bor 48 Tree Zizyphus mauritiana Bordi, Boedi, Chania Bor 49 Tree Zizyphus nummularia Bordi, Boedi, Chania Bor Table 3.26: Shrubs Recorded from Buffer Zone Area S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 1 Shrub Abelomoschus esculentus (L.) Bhindi 2 Shrub Abelomoschus manihot (L.) Medic. Jagali bhindi 3 Shrub Abutilon fruticosum Saneri Dabariar 4 Shrub Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bougainvel 5 Shrub Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br Akado 6 Shrub Calotropis procera Akado,Aak 7 Shrub Cassia auriculata L Aval Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 116 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 8 Shrub Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Madhi 9 Shrub Datura metel L Daturo 10 Shrub Euphorbia neriifolia L. Thor 11 Shrub Gossypium herbaceum L. acerifolium Kapas 12 Shrub Hibiscus rosa-sinensis San Bhindo, Kurad Val 13 Shrub Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.ex Choisy Nasarmo 14 Shrub Jatropha curcas L. Ratanjot 15 Shrub Lantana camara Gandhati 16 Shrub Lawsonia inermis L. Mendhi 17 Shrub Musa paradisiaca L. Kela 18 Shrub Nerium indicum Kaner 19 Shrub Prosopis juliflora Vilayati Baval 20 Shrub Pupalia lappacea Gadar Bhurat 21 Shrub Saccharum offwinarum L. Sherdi 22 Shrub Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Shevari 23 Shrub Solarium incanum L Ubhi ringan 24 Shrub Tecoma stans -- 25 Shrub Thevetia peruviana Merr. Pili karan 26 Shrub Vernonia cinerascens Tatadio, Tatalio Table 3.27: Herbs Recorded from Buffer Zone Area S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 1 Herb Abutilon indicum L. Khapat, Dabaliar 2 Herb Achyranthes aspera Agado, Kandhero 3 Herb Aerva javanica (Burm.f.)Juss. Bur, Gorakhganjo 4 Herb Ageratum conyzoidesL. Mankad Mari, Dholi saddi 5 Herb Aloe barbadensis Mill. Kunvarpato 6 Herb Alysicarpus longifolius (Rttl.ex Spreng) Motosamervo 7 Herb Amaranthus viridis Adbau Rajgaro, Rajgaro 8 Herb Ammannia baccifera Rato Jal Agio 9 Herb Anisomeles indicaL. Chodharo 10 Herb Argemone mexicana Darudi, Uzar Kandho Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 117 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 11 Herb Bacopa monnieri L. -- 12 Herb Blumea mollis Bhutaco 13 Herb Boerhavia diffusa Sunny Dhokariaur 14 Herb Cacia tora Kuvandio 15 Herb Cajanus cajan (L) Tuvar 16 Herb Cassia tora Punvar, Povario 17 Herb Catharanthus roseus Asi Sada Suvagan 18 Herb Celosia argentea L. Lamdi 19 Herb Colocasia esculenta L. -- 20 Herb Commelina benghalensis L -- 21 Herb Commelina diffusa -- 22 Herb Convolvulus arvensis L. -- 23 Herb Corchorus aestunans L. Chunch 24 Herb Corchorus depressus Stocks Bhuphali 25 Herb Corchorus tridens -- 26 Herb Cortalaria juncea Shun 27 Herb Cortalaria prostate -- 28 Herb Cressa cretica L. Palio, Rudanti 29 Herb Cuscuta reflexa Makani, Makaniyal 30 Herb Cyperus sps. -- 31 Herb Echinops echinatus Roxb Shulio 32 Herb Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Kanphutti 33 Herb Euphorbia hirta L. -- 34 Herb Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) -- 35 Herb Fagonia cretica L. -- 36 Herb Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl. -- 37 Herb Fimbristylis sps. -- 38 Herb Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle -- 39 Herb Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Kanatashelio, Akaro 40 Herb Indigofera cardifoila Heyne ex Roth -- 41 Herb Indigofera cordifolia Gadar Gari, Ridha Gari 42 Herb Indigofera oblongifolia Forks. -- 43 Herb Indigofera sp. -- Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 118 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 44 Herb Malachra capitataL. Pardesi bhindo 45 Herb Medicago sativa L Lachko 46 Herb Nymphaea pubescens Wild Kamal 47 Herb Nymphoides indicum (Roxb.) Kumudini 48 Herb Ocimum basilicum L -- 49 Herb Ocimum sanctum Tulsi 50 Herb Opuntia elatior Nag Phan 51 Herb Ottelia alismodies L. -- 52 Herb Parthenium hysterophorus L -- 53 Herb Pavonia sp. -- 54 Herb Poligonum sp. -- 55 Herb Potomogetonsp. -- 56 Herb Sida acuta Adbau Balbuwaro 57 Herb Sida sp. -- 58 Herb Solanum indicum Vad Ringni, Mot Ringni 59 Herb Solarium nigrum L. Piludi 60 Herb Solarium surattense Brum. Bhoringni 61 Herb Tehrosia purpurea L. Sarpankho 62 Herb Tinospora cordifolia Guddaval, Gadu 63 Herb Tribulus terrestris Akanthi, Mitha Gokharu 64 Herb Trichodesma indicum R. Br. Undha Fuli 65 Herb Tridax procumbensi Vilayati Bhangro 66 Herb Typha angustata Bory & Chaub Ramban, Ghabaj ariu 68 Herb Vernonia cinerea Sadodi, Kadu Kariyato 69 Herb Xanthium strumarium Kantaru Zadvu, Gokhru Table 3.28: Grasses Recorded from Buffer Zone Area S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 1 Grass Aleuropus lagopoides -- 2 Grass Chloris barbata Rusad Gha, Punjaniu Ga 3 Grass Cynodon barberi -- 4 Grass Cynodon dactylon Chhabbar Gha Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 119 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name 5 Grass Eleusine compressa Gandhiro Gha 6 Grass Eragrostis ciliaris Fuliyu Gah 7 Grass Eragrostis tenella Limor, Kalavo 8 Grass Phragmites kara -- Fauna: Buffer zone is recorded with 39 species of birds / avifauna, 05 mammals and 11 species of herpetofauna on the basis of direct and secondary / indirect evidences. Taxonomic status and threatened status is given in the following table (IWPA, 1972: Schedules of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 & IUCN Category: LC-Least Concern, EN-Endangered, NT-Near Threatened, VU-Vulnerable, R-Rare). Table 3.29: Birds / Avifauna Reported from Buffer Zone S. No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA-1972 IUCN 1 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea IV LC 2 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus IV LC 3 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV LC 4 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa IV LC 5 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus IV LC 6 Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus himantopus IV LC 7 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis IV LC 8 Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse Pterocles exustus IV LC 9 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti IV LC 10 Common Kingfisher Alcedo Hercules IV LC 11 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis IV LC 12 Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus I LC 13 Common Raven Corvus corax IV LC 14 Common Swift Apus apus IV LC 15 Crested Lark Galerida cristata IV LC 16 Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris IV LC 17 Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto IV LC 18 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis IV LC Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 120 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA-1972 IUCN 19 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis IV LC 20 House Crow Corvus splendens IV LC 21 House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV LC 22 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii IV LC 23 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata IV LC 24 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis IV LC 25 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia IV LC 26 Large Cuckoo-shrike Coracina macei IV LC 27 Little Egret Egretta garzetta IV LC 28 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis IV LC 29 Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis IV LC 30 Red-collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica IV LC 31 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV LC 32 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus IV LC 33 Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV LC 34 Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda IV LC 35 Shikra Accipiter badius IV LC 36 White breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis IV LC 37 White-breasted Water hen Amaurornis phoenicurus IV LC 38 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis IV LC 39 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus IV LC Table 3.30: Mammals Reported from Buffer Zone S. No. Scientific Name Common Name IWPA-1972 IUCN 1 Mus booduga Indian field mouse -- LC 2 Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose II LC 3 Lepus nigricolis Hare IV LC 4 Funambulus pennanii Five striped Palm squirrel -- LC 5 Rattus rattus Black Rat -- LC Table 3.31: Herpetofauna Reported from Buffer Zone S. No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA-1972 IUCN 1 Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard -- LC Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 121 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O6*+)7%)8!9&:&+*-;&$%!* S. No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA-1972 IUCN 2 Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor I LC 3 Sitana ponticeriana Fan-Throated Lizard -- LC 4 Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad IV LC 5 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skittering Frog IV LC 6 Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko IV LC 7 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow Bellied House Gecko IV LC 8 Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake II LC 9 Naja naja Indian Cobra * II LC 10 Daboia russelii RussellRs Viper * II LC 11 Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait * II LC 3.16.6. Status of Threatened and Endemic Biodiversity Among flora, no species found to be rare / threatened. Among the birds in the study area, Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus) is included in schedule I of Wild life protection Act (1972), while many other birds are included in schedule IV. Among the reptiles, Indian Cobra (Naja naja), and Common Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as per Schedule-II of Wild life protection Act, (1972). Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), is a scheduleMII mammals. Among Herpetofauna, common Indian Monitor Lizard found in buffer zone is included in schedule I of Wild life protection Act (1972). Hares and five stripped squirrels are included in schedule IV of Wild Life Protection act 1972. **** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 122 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) !"!#$%&!'()$*)+,-.()/0-%$-(1).()+,-.()2'(!-'.(0$'.#)/0-%$-(1)+,-.()34,5.-.(6P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1. Introduction This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the existing Airport in the study area based on the inventory of pollution sources as well as the baseline environmental setting described in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. The impacts have been assessed for the Airport assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities of the surrounding industries in the area has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring. The project would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases: During the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short term; and, During the operation phase which would have long term effects. The construction and functional phases of the project comprises of various activities, each of which will have some impact on one or more environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction & functional phase of the project have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment and are discussed briefly in the subsequent sections. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 124 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 4.2. Impact & Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 4.2.1. Impact on Land Use & Topography The topography of the site is almost flat. Presently, the airport is situated on total land of 784.37 acres of land. The holistic developmental works will be carried out within the existing area of 784.37 acres. The land use pattern of the existing airport remains same. The earthwork will be optimized to the maximum extent and gradual ground levels will be maintained based on specific requirement. The surplus earth cutting material will be utilized for earth filling purpose within the project premises. The filling material required will be optimized on the basis of existing contours. Gradual gradient will be maintained and no additional filling material will be borrowed from outside the project premises. Further, appropriate vegetation will be planted and landscaped for stabilization of the top soil. Thus, no impact is envisaged due to sourcing, excavation of filling material on the environment. However, this impact is envisaged to be insignificant due to following reasons: It will be only a temporary change (restricted to construction period). After construction phase, the areas used for temporary storage of construction material shall be reverted back as per the requirement of the plant/ green belt/ afforestation. Construction debris and waste generated during construction activities will be collected and disposed in environmentally sound manner as per Construction and Demolition Rules under the EP Act, 1986 and other rules as applicable depending upon type of wastes. 4.2.2. Impact on Soil Site preparation activities (like site clearing and leveling, excavation, earth movement) and construction activities would result in loss of fertile top-soil of the construction area. The excavation works on site will loosen the soil and make it susceptible to erosion through silt-laden runoff during the rainy season and by wind during the dry season. This excavated material could end up in surface water bodies like drains etc near project site, if proper drainage mechanisms are not put in place. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 125 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures The remaining top soil after utilizing for green belt development will be treated as a contingency to cover any additional losses that may occur during construction such as losses during clearing & grubbing, settlement and consolidation of native soils underlying proposed embankment areas and for any removal & disposal of unsuitable or unstable materials encountered (wet areas, organics, buried debris, etc.). The dripping of oil from construction vehicles might cause soil contamination. In order to prevent soil contamination likely to result from the oil spill and dripping from vehicles, drip pans shall be placed at the parking places of vehicles and the dripped oil shall be collected and subsequently sent to the authorized recycling agencies. During construction phase there shall be movement of material from outside specially the construction material like bricks, cement, murrum, lining material, insulation bricks, HDPE pipes, backfill material, sand, clay, etc, which if not handled & stored properly may change the characteristic of the soil in the construction area. In addition to that, municipal wastes due to construction workers, domestic sewage & sullage from construction labour canteen and office at project site etc, might contribute to changing the soil characteristics. The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel, welding gas and paints. These materials shall be stored and handled according to the guidelines specified under Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Some of the precautions of storage and handling of hazardous materials and waste includes the following: Dyked enclosures shall be provided which can contain complete contents of the largest tank; Diesel and other fuels shall be stored in separate dyke enclosures; Wherever possible, hazardous raw materials to be substituted by non-hazardous materials, e.g. cleaning solvents can be replaced with film-free bio-degradable Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 126 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures cleaners, usage of non-chlorinated strippers instead of strippers containing methylene chloride and substitution of water based paints for oil-based ones; Separate storage of waste paints and thinners, contaminated rags and brushes to facilitate recycling and reuse. Rags could be laundered for reuse; Installation of on-site recycling equipment to be considered by large painting sub- contractors; Vehicle maintenance area to be designed to prevent contamination of ground water by accidental spillage of oil; and Maintaining appropriate inventory control. Disposing of hazardous wastes to vendors authorized by the concerned authorities. Apart from localized constructional impacts within airport site, no adverse impact on the soil in the surrounding area is anticipated. 4.2.3. Impact on Air Quality Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles. PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles. The construction activities may temporarily increase pollutants like PM in ambient air. However, this increase will be marginal, for short duration and its impact will be felt close to the construction site only. Moreover, as the infrastructures like paved roads are already available, the impact is likely to be minimal. Impact on air quality outside project boundaries will be negligible. The impact is likely to be during construction period and confined locally to the construction site itself. The composition of dust in this kind of operation is however mostly coarse particles, inorganic and non-toxic in nature. These are not expected to travel long distance before settling, which can also be arrested with proper management plan. Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase also result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM, CO and unburnt Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 127 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures hydrocarbons. The impact will however, be reversible, marginal, and temporary in nature. The impact of such activities would be temporary and will be confined within the project boundary. In addition to this, following measures shall be taken during the construction phase to reduce the impact on the ambient air quality: Any vehicle not meeting the vehicular pollution standards shall not be allowed within the construction site and for the construction activity; All vehicles and construction equipment with internal combustion engines in use shall be maintained for effective combustion to reduce carbon particles, CO and HC emission; Water sprinkling shall be carried out at the construction sites at regular intervals e.g. excavation, crushing/demolishing, material handling etc. to suppress dust; No use of asbestos; and All the construction sites shall be barricaded and camouflaged Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment. Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used. Avoiding unnecessary engine operations. 4.2.4. Impact on Water Resources and Quality 4.2.4.1. Surface Water Effluent streams will include cleaning and washing waste water from vehicle and equipment maintenance area, and sewage and grey water from construction camps and work sites. The primary concerns relating to surface water quality associated with construction activities are pointed out below: Run-off related to unpaved and excavated / exposed areas during rainy days. Sediments transported to runoff from the construction site. Run off related to area where lubricant, fuel other construction materials are stored, used and disposed, off. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 128 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Surface water quality may be affected if run-off is discharged into surface water bodies. The impact to the surface water bodies could arise from the increased soil erosion from excavated site / exposed soil causing increase in the suspended particles and turbidity of run-off water from the site. However, this impact will be temporary. Also the non-point sources of pollution can affect the surface water body. Therefore, the surface water quality during rains will be impacted marginally for very short duration. The impact on surface water quality can be minimized by adopting following measures; Excavation during dry season and proper management of excavated soils Removal & proper disposal of all the debris from site, as soon as construction is over. Treatment & reuse of waste water generated at site. Ensuring proper passage of the storm water i.e. provision of water channels as per the drainage pattern. The construction site sanitation facilities shall be linked to the soak pits. Chemicals such as paints and varnishes and oil / grease shall be stored under covered and cemented areas. Wash offs containing these chemicals should be drained into impervious trays / barrels for disposal as hazardous wastes. 4.2.4.2. Ground Water Water consumption during construction phase will be met through the SMC supply. Consumption of ground water for construction activities and for labour will not be done. Discharge of sewage & municipal solid waste to land can contaminate ground water for a shorter duration. It is proposed to adopt the techniques and equipments, which will help in reduction of water demand during construction. Therefore, the impact on the water resources during the construction phase would be temporary and minimal in nature. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 129 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures There is no likelihood of groundwater contamination as no waste or effluent will be discharged on land which may percolate to ground water, during construction. The construction wastes, as far as possible, will be recycled, reused or recovered and all the rules pertaining to Construction and Demolition Waste, 2016 will be followed. The water requirement during the construction period will be phased. The following measures are proposed to further reduce the demand of freshwater: Curing water will be sprayed on concrete structures and free flow of water not allowed. After liberal curing on the first day, all concrete structures will be painted with curing chemical to save water to stop daily water curing hence save water. Concrete structures will be covered with thick cloth/gunny bags and then water sprayed on them to avoid water rebound and ensure sustained and complete curing. Ponds connected with garland drains for collection of water, will be made using cement and sand mortar to avoid water flowing away from the flat surface while curing. Water ponding will be done on all sunken slabs. This will also highlight the importance of having an impervious framework. Hazardous chemical and such materials will be kept in covered areas and away from run-off. Debris and waste generated will be collected and disposed suitably specially during rainy days to prevent pollution due to non point sources. This will prevent contamination of ground water. 4.2.4.3. Storm water management system Proper management & rain water harvesting is necessary to prevent contamination. Hence, regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains will be carried out. Measures to mitigate the anticipated impacts due to the runoff from site:- The storm water channels based on the contour of the land will be constructed for channelizing the run-off from the site and from the upstream side outside the project site. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 130 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures The storm water channels before disposal from the site will be passed through de- siltation traps attached with oil separator. These measures will ensure that the run-off from the site after development will not have any negative impact or chances of flooding or water logging in the stream, within the site or in the downstream areas. 4.2.5. Impact on Noise Levels The main sources of noise emissions during construction phase are operation of heavy equipment and machinery, operation of emergency power generation sets and movement of vehicles (heavy vehicles carrying materials and light vehicles carrying project related personnel). Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and construction materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. At the peak of the construction, marginal increase in noise levels is expected to occur locally at the construction site. The activities, which produce periodic noise, are as follows: Foundation construction including pile driving; and Infrastructure construction. The typical noise levels of some construction equipment based on OBS 5228: 1997 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation SitesP are given in Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Typical Noise Levels of Construction Equipment Particulars Noise Levels dB(A) Reference Distance Earth Movers Front End Loaders 72-84 Backhoes 72-93 Tractors 76-96 0.9 m Scrapers, Graders 80-93 Pavers 86-88 Trucks 82-94 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 131 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Particulars Noise Levels dB(A) Reference Distance Earth Movers Material Handlers Concrete mixers 75-88 Concrete pumps 81-88 0.9 m Cranes (movable) 75-86 Cranes (derrick) 86-88 Stationary Equipment Pumps 69-71 Generators 85-90 0.9 m Compressors 74-86 The peak noise levels from continuous construction activity may be about 85-90 dB (A). Overall, the impact of noise generated on the environment is likely to be low, reversible and localized in nature. Community noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the vegetation and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers. The following recommendations shall be implemented: Provision of silencers on noise generating machinery; Construction equipment with minimum noise shall be chosen; Vehicles and construction equipment with internal combustion engines without proper silencer shall not be allowed to operate at the site; Regular maintenance of equipment & vehicles; The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for wrapping the work places like compressors, generator sheets; Shock absorbing techniques shall be adopted to reduce impact; Ensuring that DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers; and Ear plugs shall be provided to the workers working in high noise level areas. Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas. Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment. Ensuring vehicle movement is avoided at night, and close to sensitive receptors Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 132 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures (such as schools, hospitals, places of worship). 4.2.6. Impact on terrestrial ecology The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance, cutting, filling and leveling. The removal of herbaceous vegetation generally causes loosening of topsoil. However, such impacts would be primarily confined to the project site during initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimized through adoption of mitigative measures like paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and appropriate plantation programme. There will be likely loss of habitat for flora which shall be mitigated by proper landscaping and adequate plantation along with the construction of the airport. 4.2.7. Impact on aquatic ecology No wastewater is proposed to be discharged outside airport premises therefore impact on aquatic ecology is not envisaged. 4.2.8. Impact due to solid waste generation During construction phase, solid wastes in terms of canteen wastes, food packet wrappers, paper, plastic drums, paints, oil containers etc. will be generated. This may cause for environmental degradation at the project site as well as its immediate surroundings, if adequate measures are not taken. In order to avoid any solid waste disposal problems, an effective solid waste management system by means of collection of wastes in different types of dust bins and transporting the same to the municipal disposal site, by the contractors is proposed. Hazardous waste shall be handled as similar to the existing operations. Strict adherence to the established solid waste collection and disposal system will ensure clean environment during construction period. It will be ensured that other waste (such as solid waste) does not get mixed with construction and demolition waste and is stored and disposed separately. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 133 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures The construction and demolition waste will be kept within the premise or get the waste deposited at collection centre so made by the local body or handover it to the authorized processing facilities of construction and demolition waste; and ensure that there is no littering or deposition of construction and demolition waste so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains. The construction wastes, as far as possible, will be recycled, reused or recovered and the rules pertaining to Construction and Demolition Waste, 2016 will be followed. Management of construction and demolition waste: All the construction and demolition waste generated will be effectively managed as per the norms of Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016. Excavated soil will be reused within the site at the maximum extend. Other construction waste will be sent to C & D waste recycling facilities as per the guidelines of Ministry of Urban development circular dated 28.06.2012. 4.3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 4.3.1. Impact on Land use and Topography The major envisaged visual topographical changes would be positive benefits in the form of land leveling and tree plantations in the airport premises. Landscaping and green covering activities will be further improved. This will have a positive impact on the topography and aesthetics. No major adverse impact on topography of the site is envisaged during operation phase. 4.3.2. Impact on Air Quality During the operational phase of the airport, the continuous air emissions are expected to be from operation of emergency power generator sets, movement of vehicles, aircraft engines during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb or collectively called as reference Landing and Take-off cycle (LTO cycle). The air Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 134 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures pollutants of concern from the aircraft emissions will be unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) as per ICAO guidelines. Further, air emissions mainly comprising PM, NOX, SO2 and CO will be generated from the operation of proposed DG sets to be used as the standby power in case of the power supply failure. 4.3.2.1. Potential air emissions Intermittent air emissions occur from aircraft engines during approach, landing, taxing, take-off and initial climb, which is termed as reference Landing and Take-off Cycle (LTO cycle). The air pollutants of concern from the aircrafts emissions are Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), unburnt Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) as per ICAO guidelines. The emission sources during operation phase can be divided into two categories: Aircraft emissions DG set emission Vehicular emission Aircraft Emissions Aircraft produces the similar types of emissions as automobiles. Aircraft jet engines, like many other vehicle engines, produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour (H2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), unburned or partially combusted hydrocarbons (also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulates, and other trace compounds. A small subset of the VOCs and particulates are considered hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). As per International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), time and thrust setting for Reference LTO Cycle is 32.9 minutes (1974 seconds). The bulk of aircraft emissions (90%) occur at higher altitudes and during climb and approach. The emissions of concern from aircraft engines are during taxing/idling and take-off which are the ground activities as it is during this period of the LTO cycle that emissions create high ground level concentrations due to its low Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 135 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures emission height. ICAO considers 7% thrust during taxing/idling which occurs for a period of 26 minutes out of 32.9 minutes of LTO cycle. 100% thrust is considered during take-off which takes only 0.7 minutes. Airport Air Quality manual 2011 of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has been referred for the aircraft emissions which states emissions for various types of aircraft based on one LTO cycle for SO2, NO2, HC and CO pollutants. It has been considered that around 32 flights will operate after the expansion. For aircraft emissions estimation purpose. It has then been converted to g/s/m2 after considering itRs time of release and area over which it will occur and then provided as input to a Gaussian Area Source Model used with hourly meteorological conditions for dispersion modelling described hereafter. 4.3.2.2. Air dispersion modeling methodology Modeling Approach The assessment methodology for the air dispersion modelling exercise follows the guidance specified in the US EPA user guide for AERMOD. The model of selection is the commercially available AERMOD View dispersion model, developed by Lakes Environmental. This model is used extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources. AERMOD View is a true, native Microsoft Windows application and runs in Windows applications. The AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) was specially designed to support the EPARs regulatory modelling programs. AERMOD is a regulatory steady-state plume modelling system with three separate components: AERMOD (AERMIC Dispersion Model), AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Pre- processor), and AERMET (AERMOD Meteorological Pre-processor). The AERMOD model includes a wide range of options for modelling air quality impacts of pollution sources, making it a popular choice among the modelling community for a variety of applications. Some of the modelling capabilities of AERMOD include the following: The model may be used to analyze primary pollutants and continuous releases of toxic and hazardous waste pollutants. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 136 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Source emission rates can be treated as constant or may be varied by month, season, hour-of-day, or other optional periods of variation. These variable emission rate factors may be specified for a single source or for a group of sources. For this project all emission rates were treated as constant. The model can account for the effects of aerodynamic downwash due to buildings that are nearby point source emissions. Receptor locations can be specified as gridded and/or discrete receptors in a Cartesian or polar coordinate system. For applications involving elevated terrain, the U.S. EPA AERMAP terrain pre- processing program is incorporated into the model to generate hill height scales as well as terrain elevations for all receptor locations. The model contains algorithms for modeling the effects of settling and removal (through dry and wet deposition) of large particulates and for modeling the effects of precipitation scavenging for gases or particulates. AERMOD requires two types of meteorological data files, a file containing surface scalar parameters and a file containing vertical profiles. These two files are provided by the U.S. EPA AERMET meteorological pre-processor programme. Model Inputs Source Emissions A critical step for conducting air dispersion modelling is to quantify the emissions from the various sources at the project. Emission rates should be estimated in the following order of preference: o Continuous emissions monitoring data o Stack Emission Testing data o Manufacturer's emission data o Mass balance calculations o Emission factors o Engineering calculations Table 4.2 shows the source information data determined for the project, while Table 4.3 & Table 4.4 displays the emission rates of point sources: Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 137 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Table 4.2: Modelling Input for the DG sets Parameters Units Capacity of DG Set (2500 kVA) Number of DG Sets No. 1 Stack Height m 10 Stack Diameter m 2.5 Stack exit velocity m/s 14 Flue Gas Temperature K 700 Emission Load [email protected]% Sulphur in Diesel g/s 0.03 [email protected] g/kw-hr g/s 1.9 [email protected] g/kw-hr g/s 0.20 [email protected]/kw-hr g/s 0.03 Table 4.3: Emission Factors for DG Set Emission Factors S. No. Particulars NOX SO2 PM CO (NO and NO2 expressed as NO2 ) 0.05 % of Sulphur in 0.3 9.2 3.5 1. Diesel Generator HSD g/kw-hr g/kw-hr g/kw-hr @ 80 ltr/hour DG set SO2 emissions are based on sulphur content of 0.05% and The Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules 2002, at serial No. 95 & 96, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Table 4.4: Estimated emissions per LTO cycle Aircraft LTO emission factors/aeroplane kg/LTO/air Fuel CO2 HC NOX CO SO2 Consumption Large A320 2440 0.57 9.01 6.19 0.77 770 Commercial A319 2310 0.59 8.73 6.35 0.73 730 Aircraft B737-800 2780 0.72 12.30 7.07 0.88 880 Turboprops ATR72- 620 0.29 1.82 2.33 0.20 200 50011 DHC-Q-400 640 0.00 1.51 2.44 0.20 200 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 138 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Table 4.5: Derived Emissions of Aircraft Type of No. of flights HC NOX CO SO2 Aircraft Kg/d g/s Kg/d g/s Kg/d g/s Kg/d g/s DHC-Q- 5 0 0 6.795 0.078646 10.08 0.116667 0.9 0.010417 400 ATR72 3 0.87 0.010069 5.46 0.063194 6.99 0.080903 0.6 0.006944 A319 2 1.18 0.013657 17.46 0.202083 12.7 0.146991 1.46 0.016898 A320 14 7.695 0.089063 121.64 1.407813 83.565 0.967188 10.395 0.120313 B737-800 8 5.4 0.0625 92.25 1.067708 53.025 0.613715 6.6 0.076389 Total 32 15.145 0.175289 243.6 2.819444 166.36 1.925463 19.955 0.230961 4.2.1.1. Presentation of Results With the various sources identified, a model domain established of 10 km in the east-west direction and centered in the middle of the project, and the necessary input files created, model predictions were made for the pollutants NOx, CO, SO2 and HC for averaging periods for which there are National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Model runs were conducted for the proposed expansion projectRs air pollutant sources, air quality impact in combination with the other defined sources in the vicinity of the project. The incremental concentrations are estimated for the study period representing pre monsoon season. The results for the pollutants are presented in Table 4.6. Table 4.6: Predicted 24-hourly short term incremental concentrations (Aircraft Operations and Dg Sets) Pollutant Maximum Incremental Levels, Distance (km) Direction (µg/m3) PM10 0.06 project site - NOx 4 0.3 Habitat (1.1 km) SW CO 42.8 Habitat (1.1 km) SW SO2 5.1 Habitat (1.1 km) SW HC 3.9 Habitat (1.1 km) SW Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 139 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig. 4.1: Isopleth Showing Maximum Ground Level Concentrations of PM10 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 140 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig 4.2: Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of NOX Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 141 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig 4.3: Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of CO Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 142 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig 4.4: Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of SO2 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 143 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig 4.5: Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of HC Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project The maximum incremental GLCs due to the project for SO2, NOx, PM, and CO are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations of the respective pollutants recorded during the study period to arrive at the likely resultant concentrations after implementation of the proposed development of airport Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 144 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures project. The resultant concentrations (baseline + incremental) are tabulated in Table 4.7. Table 4.7: Resultant GLC of monitored parameters Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits as per S. Location Parameter Levels GLC GLCs NAAQS No. (average) 1. (A-1) PM(µg/m3) 107.7 0.056 107.75 100 µg/m3 3 3 Project Site NOx (µg/m ) 30.1 27.84 57.94 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1176.7 29.92 1206.62 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 15.4 3.54 18.94 80 µg/ m 3 3 2. A-2 Dumas PM(µg/m ) 99.7 8 99.73 100 µg/m 3 3 NOx (µg/m ) 26.2 24.51 50.71 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1309.6 25.96 1335.56 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 12.3 3.12 15.42 60 µg/ m 3. A-3 Habitation PM(µg/m3) 89.2 0.03 89.23 100 µg/m3 3 3 (SW) NOx (µg/m ) 24.6 40.33 64.93 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1057.9 42.75 1100.65 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 10.3 5.12 15.42 80 µg/ m 3 3 4. A-4 Habitation PM(µg/m ) 92.9 0.02 92.92 100 µg/m 3 3 NOx (µg/m ) 27.3 1.67 28.97 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1235.4 2.03 1237.43 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 11.1 0.21 11.31 80 µg/ m 5. A-5 Abhawa PM(µg/m3) 90.9 0.04 90.94 100 µg/m3 3 3 NOx (µg/m ) 23.3 22.94 46.24 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1170.4 24.31 1194.71 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 10.9 2.91 13.81 80 µg/ m 3 3 6. A-6 Bhatpur PM(µg/m ) 82.1 0.02 82.12 100 µg/m 3 3 NOx (µg/m ) 22.1 2.85 24.95 80 µg/m CO (µg/m3) 1027.1 3.14 1030.24 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 10.3 0.36 10.66 80 µg/ m 3 3 7. A-7 Surat PM(µg/m ) 114.9 0.012 114.91 100 µg/m 3 3 NOx (µg/m ) 30.9 1.35 32.25 80 µg/m Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 145 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits as per S. Location Parameter Levels GLC GLCs NAAQS No. (average) CO (µg/m3) 1332.1 2.19 1334.29 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 15.0 0.18 15.18 80 µg/ m 3 3 8. A-8 PM(µg/m ) 80.6 0.003 80.60 100 µg/m 3 3 Near Hazira NOx (µg/m ) 21.6 3.82 25.4 80 µg/m Bird Sanctuary CO (µg/m3) 912.9 4.07 916.97 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 10.1 0.49 10.59 80 µg/ m 9. A9 PM(µg/m3) 86.3 0.01 86.31 100 µg/m3 3 3 Hazira NOx (µg/m ) 25.2 4.55 29.75 80 µg/m Mangroves CO (µg/m3) 905.4 4.86 910.26 4000 µg/m3 3 3 SO2 (µg/m ) 10.0 0.58 10.58 80 µg/ m Based on the predicted concentrations and the post project concentrations of various pollutants, it can be inferred that the area is unlikely to be significantly affected due to the proposed development project. The resultant concentrations at project site & Surat monitoring station exceed the NAAQS limit for Particulate matter. The remaining parameters will be within the stipulated NAAQ standards. Further, it can also be inferred that these emissions are instantaneous and will be within the airport premises. 4.2.1.2. Road/Rail Connectivity Surat Airport is located adjacent to SH-168, 9.2 km from NH-6. The IRC recommendations on traffic capacity are presented below in Table 4.8. Being a brown field project, the estimated peak traffic would be within the stipulated standards by IRC for traffic capacity of the roads and hence the existing road network will be adequate for the proposed project. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 146 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Table 4.8: Recommendations on capacity-IRC S. No Category of Road Maximum PCU/day 1 Two lane roads (7 m) with earthen shoulders 15,000 2 4- lane highway with earthen shoulders 35,000 4.2.1.3. Air Quality Management Major pollutants envisaged from the project will be from aircraft exhaust, ground service equipment, vehicular traffic (airside and landside) and from DG sets. The following methods of abatement shall be employed for the air pollution control at the source level. Aircrafts shall be operated in accordance with ICAO/USEPA standards to ensure aircraft emissions are within specified standards; Allowing aircrafts with certified engines only to land and take-off, as far as possible; Shut down engines during idling and taxing; Single engine taxing and reduced taxing would be effective in reducing emissions of HC and CO from aircrafts; Converting ground service equipment to use alternative fuels; The Double Annular Combustor (DAC) burns the fuel at lower temperature in two stages to radically reduce NOx levels; Height of the stack for DG sets shall be kept as per CPCB guidelines; Providing adequate buffer zones where pollution concentrations are highest to reduce the impact of emissions; Appropriate design of access roads to avoid traffic jams to reduce air pollution; Providing suitable green belt/green cover to reduce the impact of air pollution; and Vehicles moving within the airport shall be maintained and emission checks shall be carried out on regular interval. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 147 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures In addition to the above, any additional control measures suggested by SPCB/CPCB/MoEFCC shall be implemented. 4.3.3. Impact on Noise Levels During operation phase of the Airport, following are the main causes of noise emission: Aircraft landing and taking off. Ground Noise Noise pollution due to aircraft Noise pollution from an aircraft is caused by two things: Airframe noise; & Engine noise. Airframe noise is produced when air passes over the planeRs body (the fuselage) and its wings. This causes friction and turbulence, which make produces noise. Engine noise is created by the sound from the moving parts of the engine, and also by the air being expelled at high speed once it has passed through the engine. Most of the engine noise comes from the exhaust or jet behind the engine as it mixes with the air around it. Ground noise is due to the following sources: Aircraft engine tests, Vehicular traffic, Using reverse thrust to increase braking during landing, Planes travelling between the run-way and stands (Oparking spaceP) Planes sitting on their stands with their power units running, DG Sets, Pumps, etc. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 148 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 4.2.2.1. Noise level Modleing During the operational phase, aircraft movements will be the major source of noise pollution from the proposed expansion project. Noise will also be generated from the traffic and standby DG sets, but will be very less and localized in comparison to the noise from the aircraft, which can be felt at longer distance also. Hence, noise from the aircraft movement has been considered for the noise dispersion modeling. The noise emanating from aircraft operations depends upon a number of factors including type of aircraft, overall number of daily takeoffs and landings, specific flight procedures, topography etc. 4.2.2.2. Mitigation Measures Strict adherence to DGCA/ICAO prescribed environmental guidelines & circulars on airport operations; Restricted usage of ground engine run-ups to reduce noise; Restricted use of thrust reversal while landing of aircraft to minimize noise in lateral direction; Switching off as many engines as possible during idling and taxing; Proper maintenance of ground servicing equipments; Use of damping materials such as thin rubber/ lead sheet for wrapping the work places like compressor room, DG room etc; Personnel working in noisy areas will be provided with ear plugs/mufflers to reduce the noise impacts; The DG set will be provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers for effective noise reduction of 25 dB(A) each; Sources of intermittent noise generating equipment such as compressors will be provided with appropriate acoustic barriers so that the noise level within 100 m of these facilities when in operation will be less than 70 dBA; and Noise attenuating green belt / green cover shall be developed for effective reduction in noise wherever feasible taking local meteorology into consideration. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 149 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures On top of the quota system, there is also an absolute limit on the number of flights permitted at the airport. Under the quota system, the airport has a total number of Oquota pointsP, which are then used up by night time flights. Different types of planes use up different numbers of points, depending on how noisy they are. o The noisiest aircraft use 16 points of the quota, and theyRre called QC16s (QC = Quota Count). The next noisiest have eight points M QC8s. As planes get quieter, their points get smaller until the quietest planes have just half a point or are exempt altogether. o During the night quota period the noisiest types of planes are not permitted to be scheduled. Because there is a limit on the airportRs total quota of points for night-time flying, this system encourages airlines who want to fly at night to use the quietest aircraft. Pilots are encouraged not to use reverse thrust between 23:00 and 06:00 except in the interests of safety. Planes shall be plugged into the mains electrical supply while they are on stand. This is a system known as Fixed Electrical Ground Power (FEGP) to replace the noisy auxiliary power units (APU) on the plane itself. It allows things like interior lighting and the air conditioning systems to operate. 4.3.4. Impact on Water Resources and Quality Consumption of ground water for domestic purposes for the occupants / staff & make- up water for HVAC units and for other uses will have impact on competing users for a longer duration. Discharge of sewage & MSW to land can contaminate ground water for a longer duration. It is proposed to conserve groundwater resources through the combined means of water resource development, minimized water consumption and reuse of treated wastewater to reduce freshwater demand and by use of stored rain water. Other mitigative measures are provided below: - Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 150 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Treated water from proposed STP will be recycled for landscaping, flushing, & HVAC, DG cooling to reduce demand on freshwater resources. Stored rain water in ponds and tanks will further reduce the fresh water demand from supply water. Water meters conforming to IS standards shall be installed at the inlet point of water uptake and at the discharge point to monitor the daily water consumption. To further lower the water consumption, water efficient fixtures like low flow flushing systems, sensor based fixtures, water less urinals; tap aerators etc. will be explored. Water required for the project will be met from SMC supply. Sewage generated shall be treated in the proposed sewage treatment plant of 500 KLD capacity and reused to reduce the fresh water requirement. No wastewater shall be discharged outside the project site premises. The following measures will be taken to minimize the water usage in the operational phase: Use of low flow fixtures and appliances for reduced water consumption such as low flush water closets and cisterns; Water saving shower head flow controls, spray taps and faucet aerators and photo- sensitive taps; The storm water from paved areas shall be routed to the water harvesting structures/percolation tanks to recharge the ground water table; The storm water from the pervious area shall also be routed to the rainwater harvesting structures; The storm water treatment facility shall be located at an appropriate site keeping in view the slope contours and collection point at the most convenient point; The storm water in rainy season shall be harvested to maximum extent possible; Dry cleaning process in workshop and maintenance area to clean the oil spillages; Drip and sprinkler irrigation system to minimize the water requirement for the site management; Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 151 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Smart irrigation system that uses daily, weather data, slope, soil types, planting coefficients, and precipitation and infiltration rates to calculate actual water requirements on a daily basis; Water shall be supplied through closed conduits only; and Creating awareness among the employees on water conservation. 4.2.3.1. Sewerage System It is proposed to install a Sewage Treatment Plant with tertiary treatment facilities of capacity 500 KLD capacity for airport operations. Tertiary treated wastewater from Sewage Treatment Plant will be used for green belt development, flushing, HVAC & DG cooling. 4.2.3.2. Storm Water Drainage and Rain Water Harvesting System Rain water harvesting is process of collecting, storing rain water for reuse and recharging subsoil. The resultant effects of recharging ground water are: To increase the stability of the surface; To avoid surface flooding; To reduce the humidity in the immediate vicinity of the building; Remove bacteriological and suspended impurities during the surface water transition within the soil; Maintain the natural balance of the ground water and its usage as the rain-water is a renewable supply source. A well managed and controlled tapping of the aquifers will provide a constant, dependable and safe water supply; Improve the quality of the existing ground water through dilution; and Enhancement of sustainable yield in areas where there is over development and depletion of the aquifers. The project will properly utilize rainwater by implementing appropriate rain water- harvesting mechanism. The average annual rainfall (based on last 5 years rainfall data) at Surat station is 1074 mm. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 152 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Table 4.9: Rain Fall Data (last 5years) S. No. Years Rainfall (mm) 1. 2014 849.6 2. 2015 899.9 3. 2016 1093.3 4. 2017 1243.7 5. 2018 1285.3 Total 5371.8 mm Average 1074.36 say 1074 mm Source: The India Meteorological Department Calculation of No. of RWH Structures: The rain water harvesting structures are calculated on the basis of peak intensity of rainfall recorded as 40 mm/hr considering 15 minutes of peak rainfall. The same has been done to avoid flooding of the area. Table 4.10: Calculation for Rain Water Harvesting Intensity Total Run off S. Type of Area [A] of rainfall Recharge Coefficient No. Structure/ Surface (Sq. m.) [I] [Q= CIA] [C] (m/annum) (m3/ annum) 1. Roof Top 31250 0.85 0.04 1062.5 2748406.77 0.15 0.04 16490.44 2. Landscape/ Open 394576 0.65 0.04 10258.976 3. Paved Grand Total (1-3) 3174232.77 - - 27811.916 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 153 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Total Rain Water Flow : 27812 m3/hr Considering 15 minutes of peak rainfall, Runoff volume : 6953 m3/hr Volume of each pit :125 m3 (5 m x 5m x 5m) Total no. of rain water harvesting pits required :Total run-off volume/volume of each pit : 6953 / 125 : 56 nos. of RWH Therefore, 56 Nos. rain Water Harvesting pit of size 5 m length x 5 m width x 5 m depth with PVC slotted pipe upto minimum depth of 20 m. Total Annual Recharge to Ground Water Regime of the area through rainwater harvesting structure would be 746749.96 m3/ annum. The proposed project will help improve the ground water availability through rain water harvesting to the tune of 746749.96 m3/ annum. Design of Rain Water Harvesting Structure: The dimensional parameters of Desilting/Settlement chamber would be 5m (length) x 5 m (width) x5(depth). In Desilting chamber, 0.30 m depth below outflow is kept for silt deposition. The filtration tank dimension would be 5 m (length) x 5 m (width) x 5 m (depth) with 0.20 m dia recharge well of 20 m depth depending upon the formation for recharge in aquifer through vadose zone. Each structure will be capable of handling rainwater volume @ 125 m3/day. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 154 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Fig.4.6: Schematic design of Rain Water Harvesting Structure 4.3.5. Impacts due to Solid Waste Disposal 4.3.5.1. Waste generation & management In practice, airport operations encounter various types of waste, including: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Construction and Demolition Debris (CDD); waste from aircraft flights (deplaned waste); compostable waste; hazardous and industrial waste; and lavatory waste. For MSW and CDD, airports have choices in how to manage collection, treatment, storage, and disposal. Applicable Rules:- Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 Electronic waste Management Rules, 2016 HoWR, 2016 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 155 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Construction phase Construction & Demolition Waste During the construction phase both construction and demolition waste will be generated from the project and are managed effectively as per the Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016. Excavation will be done to the foundation level only. About 1503 MT of the construction waste will be generated. S. Particulars Area Basis Waste generation No 1. Construction waste for new 25046 @ 60 kg/sq.m. 1503 MT Construction Source: TIFAC, 2001; Guidelines on Environmental Management of C & D Wastes (CPCB, 2017) Management of construction and demolition waste All the construction and demolition waste generated will be effectively managed as per the norms of Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016. Excavated soil will be reused within the site at the maximum extend. Other construction waste will be sent to C & D waste recycling facilities as per the guidelines of Ministry of Urban development circular dated 28.06.2012. 4.3.5.2. Post Construction Phase Various type of waste is being/will be generated from the Airport project such as:- 1. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 2. Waste from aircraft flights (deplaned waste) 3. Lavatory waste 4. Spill cleanup 5. Remediation waste 6. Hazardous waste Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 156 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 1. Municipal solid waste (MSW) Approx 1414 kg/day municipal solid waste is being/will be generated from the project. MSW is made up of everyday items that are used and discarded, such as aluminum and steel cans, glass bottles and containers, plastic bottles and containers, packaging bags, paper products, and cardboard. Airport MSW comes from four primary sources as follows: 1. Terminal waste M from public areas and airport administrative offices 2. Tenant waste M from terminal retail 3. Airline waste M from airplanes and airline offices 4. Cargo waste M from cargo operations Calculation of municipal solid waste:- The solid waste generated will be first segregated as plastic, glass, paper, and other waste separately and disposed off as per applicable Rules. Management 2. Waste from aircraft flights (deplaned waste) Waste from airplanes (deplaned waste) is a specific type of MSW that is removed from passenger aircraft. Almost 20% of an airportRs total MSW comes from deplaned waste after flights. Deplaned waste includes Ogalley wasteP materials typically collected by airline caterers as part of the de-catering process, including compactor boxes, waste carts (bags), food carts, and bonded carts which may be subject to more rigorous disposal methods. Here is a portion of deplaned waste known as international waste that has to be processed separately. However, even some of these wastes could be recycled. The best opportunities for recycling international waste are with cans, bottles, newspaper/magazines that have not come into contact with food, or plastic containers that havenRt held milk or dairy products and have been stored separately from the other international waste. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 157 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures These items can be included in an airportRs recycling stream without being incinerated, sterilized, or ground up. Bins are often provided for by an airport where recyclable materials can be collected, or the recyclables are rounded up for redemption by the airlines at their designated station. 3. Lavatory waste Lavatory waste is considered as a special type of waste and contains chemicals and potential enteric pathogens and can present risks to the environment and human health if not handled properly. Caution must be taken to ensure that releases of lavatory waste do not occur. After the aircraftRs lavatory tanks are emptied, they are refilled with a mixture of water and a disinfecting concentrate, commonly called Oblue juice.P The lavatory waste removed from the aircraft is transported to a triturator facility, generally located airside, near airline operations, for pretreatment prior to discharge to the sanitary sewage system and publicly owned treatment works (POTW). Lavatory waste, which contains chemicals (Oblue juiceP) and potential enteric pathogens, can present risks to the environment and human health if not handled properly. Therefore, caution must be taken to ensure that releases of lavatory waste do not occur during the transfer process, which can result from either equipment failure (leaking values or hoses, etc.) or operator error. 4. Spill cleanup Remediation waste These materials are generated during cleanup of spills and/or the remediation of contamination from various types of sites on an airport (e.g. storage tanks, oil and gas production, vehicular leaks, spills from maintenance activities, etc.). Care must be taken to ensure that these types of waste materials are not co-mingled with other waste streams and that storage and disposal procedures comply with applicable regulatory requirements. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 158 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 5. Hazardous waste Various types of hazardous waste is being/will be generated from the Airport project which will be handled as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Hazardous wastes most often seen in the aviation industry include:- Solvents Caustic parts washes Heavy metal paint waste and paint chips Wastewater sludges from metal etching and electroplating Unused epoxies and monomers Waste fuels (including sump fuel or tank sludges) and other ignitables Unusable water conditioning chemicals Illegal dumping of containerized chemicals Contaminated sludge in GA aircraft wash rack oil/water separators Nickel cadmium (ni-cad) batteries Waste pesticides 4.3.6. Energy Conservation ISO 50001- Energy Management System shall be in place, energy conservation, energy efficiency will be considered as a part of resources conservation & resource optimizations. Use of renewable energy and capacity enhancement has been considered for energy resource optimization. Solar power systems of 250 KW have been proposed in the project. 4.3.7. Impact of construction & operation of Sewage Treatment Plant A sewage treatment plant of capacity 500 KLD has been proposed for treatment of Domestic effluent generated from airport operations. Anticipated impacts associated with the activities related to the construction & operation of the Sewage Treatment Plant, are as follows: Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 159 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures During construction of STP following activities are expected: Excavation Leveling Concrete work Electromechanical work During Operation stage, the following activities will be carried out: Operation of the equipment for sewerage treatment; Operation of equipment for sludge production (filter press); Sludge disposal Reuse of treated water. Identification of impacts During the construction phase there will be some localized increase in air pollution resulting from site preparation & operation of construction equipment. Odour and air pollution from the operations of STP. Mosquito breeding and diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Adverse impact due to improper disposal of sludge and other wastes. Mitigation measures No air pollution problems are expected to be associated with the operation of the STP. There will be fugitive dust generated during the site preparation and construction phases of the Project. Vehicular emissions from construction equipment and construction worker vehicles are anticipated to have very minimal short- term impacts. None of the short-term construction related impacts are expected to cause a tangible increase in air pollution. Mosquito larvae generally live in small, shallow water bodies where disturbance of the surface layer is uncommon. In the aeration tank, mixing occurs vigorously & therefore is not a suitable habitat for mosquito larvae. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 160 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures The proposed wastewater treatment tanks are not expected to produce odors. This is due to the use of aeration process thus preventing septic conditions. Odour suppression chemicals (Odorants) will be sprayed as and when required; Plantation shall be done with selection of odor suppressing plant species in the project site. Best management practices shall be in place; Regular workplace monitoring shall be carried out. Sludge will be dried & used as manure for landscaping purpose. The treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. However, it can also contain potential contaminants such as pathogens. In general, the proposed STP will have a positive environmental impact on the Surat airport & its immediate environment. 4.3.8. Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment The proposed expansion of Surat Airport will result in a boost in economic and commercial activities in the region. This will improve direct and indirect employment opportunities, revenue generation, commercial and industrial activities; therefore, resulting in positive impact in overall scenario on the employment and economic growth of the region. However some negative impact also cannot be ignored. These are mentioned in detailed length as under. 4.3.7.1 During Construction Phase Construction phase will affect the influx of Population in the area. The following impacts will occur during this phase on social environment: 1 Increase of Temporary Employment During construction period, significant increase in income of local people is expected as local unskilled, semiskilled and skilled persons will gain direct or indirect employment during construction phase. The local people will be given Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 161 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures more preference for the unskilled activities under normal condition, as there are many construction laborers staying in the vicinity of the project and are expected to be available with normal wages. Provision of wage employment to the local populace during construction period of the project will solve un-employment problem in the local area temporarily to some extent. This will enhance the income levels of the construction labourers and lead to their socio-economic well- being during the construction phase of the proposed facility, which will be a positive impact due to the project. Since the immigration of work force during construction phase is likely to be very small, the social impacts on demography, literacy, health care, transport facilities and cultural aspect are expected to be insignificant. 2 Influx of population While the labourers may be from local villages, some official staffs like Site Supervisor and his team will be hired during the construction period to overlook and supervise the construction activities onsite. The mixing of the outsiders with the localities may create a feeling of insecurities among the local villagers. But as local people will be given priority, so a few population from other state will not pose any serious threat to local culture. 3 Dust Emissions impacting health & hygiene Dust will be emitted during construction phase due to vehicular movement and construction activities which will in turn impact the health of the people of nearby villages and the passerby. This may cause breathing problems to the villagers. However this impact is temporary and will be limited to the site only. 4 Improvement of Infrastructure facilities Impact of the proposed expansion project will arise with the starting up of the construction activities at the site. Some infrastructure facilities like Street Lighting, Drinking Water Facilities, Opening of shops at the vicinity of the site etc will help the villagers to lead a comfortable life to some extent. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 162 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 4.3.7.2 During Operation Phase The project is holistic development of existing airport. Once the Airport is upgraded it will attract more commercial activity to the city. Hence with more commercial & developmental activities, positive impacts are anticipated on socio-economic environment during operation phase expansion. However, some side effects cannot be ignored which may arise for any developmental projects. The positive and negative impacts are highlighted in the following sections. Positive Impact 1 Employment Opportunities for Job Seekers The proposed expansion project will require unskilled, semiskilled and skilled people during its operation which in turn would generate some direct and indirect employment. Preference will be given to skilled, educated and appropriate youth and to semiskilled youth from the surrounding villages for some of the posts. This will solve the problems of unemployment for the local job seekers in the area. Moreover, any developmental project creates alternate indirect employment. This direct and indirect employment at local level will improve the economic status of the people and hence raising the living standard of society and will provide safe & hygienic surrounding and will also reduce the rate of migration to outside. 2 Improvement of the local Infrastructure: The proposed project is expected to improve the infrastructure in the surrounding villages. Approach roads to the Airport will be upgraded to facilitate movement of the heavy equipment required in the project and also for the movement of local cabs for the incoming and outgoing passengers which in turn would lead to improvement in transport facilities. Lighting will be provided on the approach roads. Developed roads lead to better connectivity. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 163 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 3 Improvement of the living standard area due to CSR activities Nearby villages will get developed through Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) activities of the company. Project proponent may provide educational aid to local villages and may also arrange drinking water facilities in some villages based on need and request from the village Gram Sabhas/Panchayat Samitis. This project will bring social change in the society with improved socio-economic life of the local people . 4 Augmentation of the water table AAI is going to recharge groundwater through rainwater harvesting which will improve ground water table of the area. Negative impact 1 Impact on Culture and Demographic Scenario of the Project Area. There will be employment generation in the proposed project, hence there will be some in-migration of people from the nearby areas or states. This will lead to influx of population in the area which may will some interference in the demographic structure, culture and customs of the population in the area. However these new employment will be done for educated and skilled people in few nos. and might be maximum employers will be taken from Surat itself. Hence any serious threat to existing demographical and cultural scenario is not expected. 2 Impact on Traffic Density The proposed holistic development of the project may lead to the increase of traffic in the area with its upgradation to accommodate more passengers. Suitable traffic management with appropriate signals shall be provided to handle the increased traffic load. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 164 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 4.3.7.3 Mitigation Measures The proposed expansion project will have some unconstructive impacts on the local social and economic environment as discussed earlier. Following precautionary mitigation measures can be followed to limit the seriousness of these negative impacts: Land clearing for construction site will be kept to the absolutely minimum practicable; The filling and cutting of soil would be kept at a minimum. Construction debris and waste generated during construction activities will be collected and disposed in environmental sound manner as per applicable rules depending upon type of wastes The construction labourers will be hired mostly from local villages and employment opportunities will be provided to any skilled person from the Project Affected households. Local suppliers for machineries and construction materials will be given preference. Also local transporters will be preferred for transportation of machinery/ earth/materials. Vocational trainings will be provided to unemployed youths from the Project Affected villages regarding different technical issues for obtaining jobs in the Aviation sectors The boarding arrangements for the outside Airport staffs will be done in the Airport premises itself. So there will be less chances of mixing the outsiders with the local village people. Rain water harvesting is proposed to enhance the water table in the area. Periodic Monitoring for environmental quality for air, water, soil and noise by third parties will be done and its frequencies will be increased with. A proper groundwater monitoring system is proposed in the project. Periodic checking of the functioning of the machineries is proposed done to check any unsatisfactory performance of the machineries to avoid any mishap of environmental and social concerns. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 165 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures The project proponent ensures proper health and safety facilities for all the employees at work. He is committed to maintain safe work environment and ensure that the machinery and equipment in use are safe for the employees. Proper medical facilities will be available within the facility in case of emergencies. In the CSR activities some free medical camps may be conducted at the surrounding areas to check the health status of the people to get confirm that whether their health is affected by any emission related reasons or any other reasons. Also in turn the local people will be medically benefitted by the help of the project authorities. Adequate health education and information related to the job must be provided to the workers. Baseline health information should be recorded for future references. 4.3.9. Impact on Ecological Environment 4.3.9.1. Biological Impact Assessment Methodology Impacts due to various project activities on biological components were identified by following various steps as explained in following different sections. All biological likely impacts have been assessed considering that, all operational / engineering control suggested in EMP will be properly implemented. Identification of Extent of Likely Impact Zone (LIZ) Area Extent of LIZ area can be mapped through superimposing air pollution dispersion model, noise dispersion model, drainage pattern on the project study area (Core Zone + Buffer Zone) map (toposheet or LULC map). Sometimes, in absence or unavailability of above said details, extent of LIZ area can be considered around the project boundary as suggested by EIA coordinator. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 166 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Identification of Likely Impacts Likely impacts on the biological components have been identified on the basis of activities and associated aspects involved in the different phases of project cycle and various ecosystems or habitats falling in the identified LIZ area. Scoring of Biological Consequences The consequences due to impacts on various biological components have been categorized into 5 levels ranging from insignificant to severe consequence and are given in the following table. It consists of flora, fauna and habitat / ecosystem level impacts. Table 4.11: Biological Consequences Scoring Scheme Likely Impact Receiving Components (Ecosystem, habitat and Consequences S. No Score (CS) Species Level) 1. Site specific clearing (removal) of common flora i.e. herbs, shrubs, grasses, climbers. Vegetation composition does not form a habitat character for any species of conservation significance. Insignificant No short term or long term impacts are likely to adversely affect the Consequence surrounding habitat / ecosystem. - 1 Score Site specific disturbance to common / generalist faunal species (e.g. movement pattern, displacement etc.). No negative impacts on surrounding ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology. 2. Site specific loss (removal) of some common species of regenerating tree saplings. Minor temporary impacts on ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology of common / generalist species. Minor Consequence Minor short term / long term impacts on surrounding / immediate / - 2 Score adjacent habitats but are resilient to changes in habitat structure or condition. Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem / agriculture when environmental data / parameters are within permissible limits. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 167 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Likely Impact Receiving Components (Ecosystem, habitat and Consequences S. No Score (CS) Species Level) 3. Site specific clearing (removal) of some common well grown tree / trees Site specific loss of nesting / breeding habitat of common / generalist species of flora-fauna but will not result in permanent loss of habitat. Moderate Short term or long term impacts having potential to affect adversely the Consequence surrounding habitat character/ habitat ecology/ functioning of ecosystem. - 3 Score Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem / agriculture when physical parameters with marginal increase but can be mitigated. Or likely cumulative impact. 4. Site specific impact on threatened species but impacted species is widely distributed outside the project site. Short term impacts may lead to loss of Major abundance or extent, but unlikely to cause local population extinction. Consequence Site specific habitat loss of fauna listed in IUCN, WCMC, Birdlife - 4 points International, or any other international literature - secondary information. Impacts on habitats / ecosystems of international importance. 5. Impact on Notified areas / species having legal protection under various Severe acts / notifications including proposed areas / species or under Consequence consideration. Species mentioned in BSI, Red Data Book, ZSI, or - 5 points literature published by any State Govt. Institute, University or Collage etc. Quantifying the Probability of Occurrence of the Impact After identifying the consequence severity, the possibility of occurrence also needs to be estimated to visualize entire scenario of biological impact. Following table provides probability / likelihood ratings on a scale of 1 to 5. These ratings are used for estimating the likelihood of each occurrence. Table 4.12: Occurrence Frequency Assessment Occurrence Frequency Description Occurrence Frequency Score (OFS) Regular Definite / Constant / continuous event / each day 5 Frequent happen several times each year 4 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 168 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Periodic May happen a few times each year 3 Occasional May happen few times during the project life cycle 2 Rare / short term event during the project life cycle or Rare 1 accidental / unintentional event Quantifying Biological Impact Biological Impact Score (BIS) is calculated by multiplying the Consequence Score (CS) and the Occurrence Frequency Score (OFS) together. As a result, {BIS = CS × OFS} The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. The impact evaluation is carried out assuming an implementation of sound management programmes to maintain healthy biological environment conditions. Also, helps to frame mitigation measures for reducing the ecological impact and thereafter, formulate effective Environmental Management Plans (EMPs). Categorization of Intensity of Biological Impact Biological impacts are categorized in to five levels from Insignificant to Extremely Severe. Each level of impact needs different action to manage / control / supervise it in proper way. Details are tabulated in the following table. Table 4.13: Categorization of Biological Impacts Score Biological Necessary Action Impact Proposed project activity should not proceed in current form unless Extremely > 20 clearance / approval / NOC (other than EC) from competent authorities (e.g. Severe forest clearance / wildlife clearance etc.). Operation subject to management by operational controls. Proposed activity Moderate 11 to 20 should be operated subject to strong management and strong operational Severe controls / or modification. Less No immediate action required unless escalation of risk is possible. Operation 1 to 10 Severe subject to periodic monitoring / surveillance / observation. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 169 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures 4.3.9.2. Likely Impacts on Biological Environment Identification of Extent of Likely Impact Zone (LIZ) Area An area of 1 km from the project site has been considered as a LIZ area to identify impacting biological components. Accordingly, LIZ area includes surrounding aquaculture ponds, human habitats, agriculture land, urban area and costal area. Identification of Likely Impacts Following impacts have been determined on the basis of the various project activities, associated aspects involved in various stages of the project cycle, and ecological setting / condition of the LIZ area. Details are given in the following table. S. Proposed Project Activities Aspects Likely Impacts No. 1. Site Preparation Phase Preparation of the site Uprooting of 1. Loss of floral diversity 1.1 vegetation 2. Loss of habitat and associated faunal diversity Movement of earth movers, heavy Generation of 3. Disturbance to the fauna / vehicle / machinery & other noise& vibration. faunal movement. 1.2 vehicles and workers during site Generation of Dust 4. Impacts on the surrounding preparation. and emission of habitats / vegetation due to dust HC & CO. deposition / gaseous emissions. 2. Construction Phase Construction & fabrication work, Generation of noise& 5. Disturbance to normal faunal 2.1 influx of worker, etc. vibration movement 6. Dust deposition on Dust from handling of construction 2.2 Dust emission surrounding vegetation and materials habitats. 3. Operation Phase 7. Impact on avifauna (bird 3.1 Movement of aircrafts Takeoff and landing hits) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 170 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Quantifying Biological Impact Impacts on the flora, fauna and habitats have assessed in the following table on the basis of multiplication of Consequence Score (CS) and the Occurrence Frequency Score (OFS) together. Table 4.14: Biological Impact Scoring S. Impact Scoring Likely Impact Description Remarks No. CS OFS BIS 1. Site Preparation Phase Impact-1:Loss of floral diversity Impact-2: Loss of habitat and associated faunal diversity. 1. Totally 8 trees of Casuarina equisetifolia species are 3 5 5 Moderate Severe proposed to uproot hiving girth size rang 400 to 660 mm. Site does not form special habitat so there is no threat of habitat loss also. Impact-3 :Disturbance to the fauna / faunal movement. Since the project site recorded with common / generalist faunal species which are common and 2. adapted to the normal routine urban activities. These 1 5 5 Less Severe species will move adjacent similar habitats during this phase. So no significant impact on the normal faunal movement is expected. Impact-4: Impacts on the surrounding habitats / vegetation due to dust deposition / gaseous emissions. Generation of dust and emission will take place during this phase will be for short duration and minor 3. 1 1 1 Less Severe impacts will be site specific. No negative impacts on surrounding ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology are expected. 2. Construction / Erection Phase Impact-5: Disturbance to the fauna / faunal movement: Site recorded with common faunal species which are 4. 1 5 5 Less Severe common component of the urban habitats and well adapted to the routine urban activities. These species will move adjacent similar habitats during this phase. Impact-6: Contamination of surrounding habitats due 5. 1 1 1 Less Severe to dust deposition. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 171 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures This will be temporary phenomenon and will take place during this phase will be for short duration and minor impacts will be site specific. No negative impacts on surrounding ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology are expected. 3. Operational Phase Impact-7: Impact on avifauna (bird hits) during takeoff and landing of the aircrafts. Some aquaculture ponds are recorded in vicinity of Moderate Severe the site which attracts some bird species for feeding (considering 6. activity. 3 5 15 M presence of (During the years of 2016 2019, totally 41 bird hits aquaculture ponds) are recorded as per the data provided by the airport officials). 4.3.9.3. Mitigation Measures Considering above various impacts, apart from various operational / engineering controls following mitigation measures will be implemented to improve / maintain biological conditions of the project area environ. Detail description is given in the following table. Table 4.15: Likely Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impact Likely Impact Description Impact Justification and Mitigation Measures S. No. 1. Site Preparation Phase 1. Loss of floral diversity Plantation will be carried out to compensate the Loss of habitat and associated faunal 2. loss of 8 well grown trees. diversity Disturbance to the fauna / faunal 3. No specific mitigation measure required. movement Impacts on the surrounding habitats / 4. vegetation due to dust deposition / No specific mitigation measure required. gaseous emissions. 2. Construction Phase Disturbance to the fauna / faunal 5. No specific mitigation measure required. movement Impact on surrounding flora-fauna Apart from various operational / engineering 6. and their habitats due to gaseous controls, greenbelt will be developed by following emissions CPCB guidelines to mitigate this impact. 3. Operational Phase 7. Impact on avifauna (bird hits) Presently various bird deterrents will be installed 7. during takeoff and landing of the to avoid bird hits. Further owners of the aircrafts. aquaculture ponds will be advised to provide nets Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 172 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Some aquaculture ponds are to avoid pond access to birds. recorded in vicinity of the site which attracts some bird species for feeding activity. (During the years of 2016 M 2019, totally 41 bird hits are recorded as per the data provided by the airport officials). 4.3.9.4. Bird Hazard Assessment And Mitigation Measures Birds are a serious hazard to aviation. A bird or a flock of birds that suddenly rises from a runway or surrounding area may collide with incoming or departing aircraft and cause the aircraft to crash, possibly resulting in the loss of human life. Bird collision with aircraft is commonly known as Obird strike.P Damage caused to aircraft usually results from collision of one or more birds with the engines and/or fuselage. Although most bird strikes do not result in crashes, they do involve expensive structural and mechanical damage to aircraft. The incidence of this problem worldwide makes bird strike a serious economic problem. Bird hazards vary from airport to airport, even when the same species are involved. The occurrence of birds at airports varies according to habitat availability, weather, season of year, and time of day. Locations of bird-strike damage Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 173 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Bird Attractants at Airports Airports provide a wide variety of natural and human-made habitats that offer food, water, and cover. Many airports are located along migratory routes used by birds. One of the first steps in reducing bird hazards is to recognize these attractants. Usually, several attractants acting in combination are responsible for the presence of birds and their behavior at an airport. Food: Birds require relatively large amounts of food. Most airports support an abundance and variety of foods such as seeds, berries, grass, insects, grubs, earthworms, small birds, and small mammals. Seeds and berries are sought by several migratory and resident birds such as sparrows, starlings, common doves - Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 174 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures pigeons, and waterfowl. Geese are attracted to open expanses of grasses. Gulls, starlings, robins, and crows often feed on earthworms on the surface of the ground following a rain. Gulls are opportunistic feeders and frequently feed on grasshoppers and ground-nesting birds. Raptors are attracted to airports because of rodents, birds, and other small animals that harbored by tall, poorly maintained grass stands and borders. Occasionally, food becomes available through careless waste disposal practices by restaurants and airline flight kitchens. Airport personnel have been known to feed birds during their lunch breaks. Many airports have inadequate garbage disposal systems that permit access to various food items. These are a favorite of several species of birds, especially gulls. Nearby landfills or sewage outlets may also provide food for birds and other wildlife. Landfills: Landfills are often located on or near airports because both are often built on publicly owned lands. In these circumstances, landfills contribute to bird strike hazards by providing food sources and loafing areas that attract and support thousands of gulls, starlings, pigeons, and other species. Generally, landfills are a major attraction for gulls, the most common bird involved in bird strikes. Waste paper, paper bags, and other litter blowing across the ground attract gulls, presumably because litter is mistaken for other gulls or for food. A gull that is attracted to litter decoys other gulls and encourages flocking. Water: Birds of all types are drawn to open water for drinking, bathing, feeding, loafing, roosting, and protection. Rainy periods provide temporary water pools at many airports. Many airports have permanent bodies of water near or between runways for landscaping, flood control, or wastewater purposes. These permanent sources of water provide a variety of bird foods, including small fish, tadpoles, frogs, insect larvae, other invertebrates, and edible aquatic plants. Temporary and permanent waters, including ponds, borrow pits, sumps, swamps, and lakes, attract gulls, waterfowl, shorebirds, and marsh birds. Fresh water is especially attractive in coastal areas. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 175 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures Cover: Birds need cover for resting, loafing, roosting, and nesting. Trees, brushy areas, weed patches, shrubs, and airport structures often provide suitable habitat to meet these requirements. Almost any area that is free from human disturbance may provide a suitable roosting site for one or more species of birds. Starlings, pigeons, house sparrows, and swallows often roost or nest in large numbers in airport buildings or nearby trees, shrubs, or hedges. Large concentrations of blackbirds and starlings are attracted to woody thickets for winter roosting cover. Gulls often find safety on or near runways of coastal airports when storms prevent their roosting at sea, on islands, or on coastal bays. Migration Many airports are located along traditional annual bird migration routes. Birds may suddenly appear in large flocks on or over an airport on their annual migration, even when the airport itself offers no particular attraction. Dates of migration vary by species and area. Flock size of a given species may vary widely from year to year depending on time of year, weather conditions, and many other factors. Local Movements Shorebirds, waterfowl, gulls, and other birds often make daily flights across airports from their feeding, roosting, nesting, and loafing areas. Airports near cities may experience early morning and late afternoon roosting or feeding flights of thousands of starlings. Damage Prevention and Control Methods Bird strike hazards reoccur regularly at many airports and require constant attention. Before attempting to reduce bird hazards at an airport, it is important to assess the problem, identify contributing factors, and analyze the threat to aircraft and human safety. A wildlife hazard management plan should be implemented to make the airport unattractive to birds. Scaring or dispersing birds away from airports is usually difficult because birds are tenaciously attracted to available food, water, and cover. As long as these attractants exist, birds will be a problem. In most situations, Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 176 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures a wildlife biologist trained in bird hazard assessment should be selected to conduct a thorough ecological study of the airport and its vicinity. The study should determine what species of birds are involved, what attracts them, abundance and peak use periods and special hazard zones. It should also include control recommendations to reduce the frequency of bird occurrence at the airport. Habitat Modification: Several habitat management practices can make an airport less attractive to birds. These include eliminating standing water, removing or thinning trees, removing brush and managing grass height. FAA Order 5200. 5A provides guidelines for the establishment, elimination, or monitoring of landfills, open dumps, or waste disposal sites on or in the vicinity of airports. Frightening: Frightening is a reliable and expeditious means of repelling birds. Frightening programs, however, provide only temporary relief and require constant monitoring. An early priority in reducing bird hazards is to establish a bird dispersal patrol team to harass and scare birds and provide immediate protection for aircraft within the airport perimeter. The patrol team must consist of highly motivated and knowledgeable personnel with adequate equipment, such as radio-equipped vehicles, shotguns, and frightening devices consisting of bird distress calls, live ammunition, and pyrotechnic devices (automatic gas exploders, shellcrackers, and racket bombs). Patrol personnel must be trained in bird identification and dispersal methods. Clear communication between the patrol team and the control tower is essential. Birds react to unfamiliar sounds and objects. They learn, however, to ignore sounds and objects that have proven harmless, especially if they are used often and for long periods of time. Birds should not be allowed to acclimate to a scare device through repeated exposure without an associated adverse effect. The use of shooting to reinforce frightening techniques can be effective and should occur simultaneously with the scare devices often enough to maintain fear in the birds. In most cases, an Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 177 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts Promoter : Airports Authority of India & Mitigation Measures integrated approach that incorporates several frightening devices will produce the best results. The shell cracker fires a projectile from a 12-gauge shotgun. It travels up to 100 yards (90 m) and explodes with a loud noise and a flash. Noise bombs are similar and can supplement shell crackers, but their range is much shorter. Racket bombs are propelled by a special pistol and travel approximately 100 yards (90 m); they do not explode. Shell crackers and racket bombs may lose their effectiveness when used frequently. It may be necessary to use live ammunition to kill an occasional bird. Remaining birds then become more responsive to the noise devices. Remember that a permit is required to take protected species. Distress calls are sounds emitted by birds under conditions of stress. The calls can be recorded on tape cassettes and played through a loudspeaker located on the patrol vehicle. Distress calls supplement shell crackers and noise bombs. Automatic exploders or gas cannons, operated by acetylene, propane, or LP gas, produce a noise louder than a shotgun blast. Exploders can be set up and left to operate continuously, but for best results, the exploders should be operated for limited periods of time only, unless birds are moving into the airport. Exploders should be moved periodically so that the birds do not become accustomed to the blasts. (Source: BIRDS AT AIRPORTS, Alfred J. Godin, State Director (retired), USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Augusta, Maine 04330) ******* Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 178 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternative Site & Technology Project : O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/(0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323& P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 5: Analysis Of Alternatives Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives 5.1. Analysis of Alternatives The project involves holistic development of existing Surat Airport to cater to the increasing air traffic requirements. No additional land is required for the proposed development. Hence, no alternative site was examined. The present airport facilities comprises of runway, taxiways, isolation bay, terminal building, parking facilities, etc. There is a need to for expansion of the terminal building with State of the art infrastructure since Surat Airport aims to achieve International Status along with aerobridges and cargo handling facilities. ******** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 180 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Programme Project : O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/ 0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323&:P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program 6.1 Introduction The monitoring plan identifies actual impacts of the project on environment and helps to compare predicted impacts with EIA study. Monitoring provides regular information by revealing whether predicted impacts were contained to desired limits or not and whether environmental standards were complied or not as per requirements of national and approving agencies. This also testifies whether employed mitigation measures were effective enough to minimize perceived impacts or any additional measures are required to bring the impacts to desirable and acceptable levels. Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of the environment during operation of airport. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the airport project, to enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. 6.2 Statutory compliances: The Airports Authority of India will submit required statutory returns/compliance reports for Surat Airport as per the following schedule: Submission of half yearly compliance report in respect of the stipulated prior environmental clearanceRs terms and conditions in hard and soft copies to the Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 182 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/ 0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323&:P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program Regional Office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year Submission of environmental statement for the financial year ending 31st March to the concerned regulatory authority on or before 30th September every year. 6.3 Environmental Monitoring Program: Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints. 6.3.1 Objectives of Monitoring: The objectives of environmental post-project monitoring are to: Verify effectiveness of planning decisions; Measure effectiveness of operational procedures; Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and Identify unexpected changes. 6.3.2 Environmental Monitoring Program: Third party environmental monitoring will be carried out during construction as well as operational phase through MoEF&CC recognized/ NABL approved laboratory. Environmental monitoring plan for various environmental parameters is given in Table 6.1 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 183 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/ 0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323&:P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring plan for Surat Airport during construction & operation phase S. Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency of No. Component monitoring 1. Ambient air PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOx, Three locations Once in a quarter HC, Lead in PM (one upwind + 2 downwind) 2. DG Stack CPCB notified standards All DG sets within Once in a quarter >1000 kVA PM, CO, NOx, HC project <1000 kVA PM, CO, NOx, NMHC 3. Ground water As per IS: 10500 Near fuel storage Once in six All borewells for months water supply 4. Treated STP water pH, Oil & Grease, TSS, Outlet of STP Once in a month BOD, COD, others as prescribed by CPCB/ MoEF/ SPCB 5. Ambient noise levels Day & Night time noise Terminal building Once in a quarter levels in dB (A) arrival & departure, take off and landing side of boundary of Airport 6. Soil quality Composite sample from the Near fuel storage Once in six site for Physio-chemical Two locations months parameters within project site 7. Energy Audit As per BEE standards Project area Once in three years 8. Water levels Water level (mbgl) Piezometric wells Continous through DWLR 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Cell: Environmental monitoring cell will be established for monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 184 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project : O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/ 0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323&:P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program environment during operation. Environmental Manager under Civil Engineering department will be responsible for implementation of environmental monitoring 6.5 Detailed budgetary provisions The cost estimates for the proposed monitoring plan are as detailed as under: Table 6.2: Budgetary provisions for environmental monitoring (Recurring) S. Environmental No. of samples Sample cost Total cost No. Component (Annual) 1. Ambient air 3 locations x once in quarter x 4 Rs. 8000/- Rs. 96,000.00 quarters = 12 samples/ annum 2. DG Stack 6 nos x 4 quarters = 24 samples/ Rs. 4000/- Rs. 96,000.00 annum 3. Ground water 6 samples x 2 quarters = 12 Rs. 6000/- Rs. 72,000.00 samples/ annum 4. Treated STP water 1 x 12 samples = 12 samples Rs. 2500/- Rs. 30,000.00 5. Ambient noise 4 locations/ quarter x 4 quarters Rs. 2000/- Rs. 32,000.00 levels = 16 samples/ annum 6. Soil quality 3 samples twice a year = 6 Rs. 5000/- Rs. 30,000.00 samples ******* Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 185 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 7 Additional Studies Project: O!"#$%&$'()*+*#",-*.&("/(0123&(4$2,"2&5(3&(0123&(6.&*2.3&$".3#(4$2,"2&5(0123&(7819323&:P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Chapter 7: Additional studies 7.1 Public Consultation The project is situated at Surat - Dumas Rd, near, Magdalla, Gujarat. The airports reference point is located at latitude 21°06'58'' N and longitude 72°44'31'' E. The present report is being prepared for conducting the public hearing. The report will be updated with public hearing minutes & action plan for issues raised during public hearing after it is completed, and eventually submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi for obtaining environmental clearance. 7.2 Risk Assessment & Hazard Identification a. Risk Analysis / Assessment Risk Analysis means the identification of undesired events that lead to the materialization of a hazard, the analysis of the mechanisms by which these undesired events could occur and, usually, the estimation of the extent, magnitude, and likelihood of any harmful effects. Risk Assessment means the quantitative evaluation of the likelihood of undesired events and the likelihood of harm or damage being caused by them, together with the value judgments made concerning the significance of the results; b. Hazard Identification Hazard Identification is used as the first step in a process used to assess risk. The result of a hazard analysis is the identification of different type of hazards. A hazard is a potential condition and exists or not (probability is 1 or 0). It may in single existence or Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 187 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies in combination with other hazards (sometimes called events) and conditions become an actual Functional Failure or Accident (Mishap). Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment is a method, by which, we try to identify the main hazardous substance, and then try to reduce the effect of hazard. This section deals with listing of various failure cases leading to various hazard scenarios, analysis of failure modes and consequence analysis. AAI is planning the Holistic Development of Surat Airport Including Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, residential quarters, additional CISF barracks & Cargo Complex. Hazard occurrence at the proposed project may result in on-site implications, like: Storage of HSD for DG sets operation; Fire in ATF Tanks Leakage of flammable materials, like, HSD followed by fire; Bomb threat at terminal building, cargo terminal and aircraft; and Natural calamities like, earthquake, cyclone, high winds, etc. Other incidents, which can also result in a disaster, are: Agitation/forced entry by external group of people; and Sabotage; Air raids; and Crashing of aircrafts i.e. while landing or take-off. Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard identification and analysis. It involves the identification and assessment of risks to the people exposed to hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations, etc. For emergency response planning, risk analysis is carried out for worst case scenarios. Identification of Hazards Due to Storage of HSD and ATF at Surat Airport At the airport, HSD is stored and handled for DG sets operation while ATF is stored for refueling of aircraft. It is essential to have comprehensive information on High Speed Diesel Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 188 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies (HSD) and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) being handled at the Surat airport. An understanding of their physico-chemical properties of HSD will help for hazard identification. i. High Speed Diesel (HSD) High speed diesel is a mixture of straight run product (150 °C and 350 °C) with varying amount of selected cracked distillates and is composed of saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including iso, and cycloparaffins), and aromatic hydrocarbons (including napthalenes and alkylbenzenes). Its exact composition depends on the source of crude oil from which it is produced and the refining methods used. Physical properties of high speed diesel are as given below: Boiling point/Range : 215 M 376 oC Physical state : Liquid Appearance : Yellowish Brown Vapour pressure : 2.12 to 26mm Hg at 21 oC Odour : Perceptible odour Solubility in water @ 30 deg.C : Insoluble Specific gravity : 0.86 - 0.90 at 20 °C Pour Point : 6 - 18 °C Flammability : Yes LEL : 0.6% UEL : 6% Flash point (deg C) : 32 (°C) TDG Flammability : Class 3 Auto Ignition Temp : 225 °C HSD presents a moderate fire hazard. On heating, it can cause pressure rise with risk of bursting and subsequent explosion. It also forms explosive mixture with air particularly in an empty container. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 189 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies ii. Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) is clear colourless to yellow liquid with slight petroleum odor. It is flammable liquid and highly flammable in presence of open flame and spark. The flammability of ATF is ranked as 2 by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Physical properties of ATF are as given below: Boiling Point: 160°C Specific Gravity: 0.81 (Water = 1) at 15.6 oC Vapor Pressure: 1 kPa (@ 37.8°C) Vapor Density: 5.7 (Air = 1) Auto-Ignition Temperature: 210°C Flash Points: 38°C Flammable Limits: Lower: 0.7% Upper: 5 % Viscosity: 8 cSt @ -20.0 °C Solubility: Low PPM range in water c. Consequence analysis Consequence analysis is basically a quantitative study of the hazard due to various failure scenarios to determine the possible magnitude of damage effects and to determine the distances up to, which the damage may occur in consequence analysis, a number of calculation models are used to estimate the physical effects of an accidental release and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major groups: Determination of the source strength parameters Determination of the consequential effects Determination of the damage or damage distances The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenarios occur. It also gives information to deal with the possible catastrophic events and an Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 190 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies understanding of hazard potential and remedial measures to the plant authorities, workers and the public living outside in the vicinity of the plant. 7.3 Approach to the Study Risk involves occurrence or potential occurrence of some incidents consisting of an event or sequence of events. Risk assessment study covers the following: Identification of potential hazard areas; Identification of representative failure cases; Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and explosion; Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones from the accidental scenarios; Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster mitigation point of view; Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities; and Preparation of broad Disaster Management Plan (DMP), On-site and Off-site Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan. 7.3.1 Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) There are basically two types of aviation fuels viz. Jet A1 (K-50) as per IS-1571, RT fuel (K-60) and JP5 are all Class B POL products. These kerosene type aviation fuels have minimum flash point of 38 degrees C (for Jet A1), 28 degrees C (for K-60) and 60 degree C for JP5. At ambient temperatures they must be treated as flammable liquids and additional precautions should always be taken in handling them at these temperatures. Surat airport will have 4 no. of ATF storage tanks of 100 KL capacity each. A. General Classification of Petroleum Products Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 191 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Petroleum products are classified according to their closed cup Flash Point as given below: Class-A Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point below 23 degree C. Class-B Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 23 degree C and above but below 65 degree C. Class-C Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 65 degree C and above but below 93 degree C. Excluded Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 93 degree C and above. Table 7.1: Composition / Information on Ingredients Hazardous Concentration ACGIH OSHA NIOSH Exposure Components Name/ (%) Exposure Exposure Limits CAS No. Limits Limits Kerosene 8008-20-6 100 200 mg/m3 - - TWA- Skin Hydrodesulfurized 0-100 100 mg/m3 - - Kerosene TWA Skin 64742-81-0 Hydrotreated 0-100 100 mg/m3 - - TWADistillate, Light TWA Skin 64742-47-8 Cat Cracked 0-30 100 mg/m3 - - Distillate, Light TWA Skin 64741-59-9 Cyclohexane 110-82- < 1 100 ppm TWA 300 ppm TWA 300 ppm TWA 7 1300 ppm IDLH Ethyle Benzene 100- < 1 100 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA 41-4 125 ppm STEL 125 ppm STEL 125 ppm STEL 800 ppm IDLH Naphtalene < 3 10 ppm TWA 10 ppm TWA 10 ppm TWA 91-20-3 15 ppm STEL 15 ppm STEL Skin Skin 250 ppm IDLH Toluene <1 50 ppm TWA 200 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 192 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Hazardous Concentration ACGIH OSHA NIOSH Exposure Components Name/ (%) Exposure Exposure Limits CAS No. Limits Limits 108-88-3 Skin 300 ppm Ceiling 150 ppm STEL 500 ppm Peak- 500 ppm IDLH 10 min Xylene, all isomers < 1-2 100 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA 900 ppm IDLH 1330-20-7 150 ppm STEL 150 ppm STEL B. Emergency Overview This product is a clear to pale yellow liquid or red, if dyed, with a hydrocarbon odor. Keep away from heat, sparks, flames and other sources of ignition. It contains material that has caused cancer based on animal data. Never siphon this product by mouth. If swallowed, this product may be aspirated into the lungs and cause lung damage or death. Table 7.2: Potential Acute Health Effects Breathing high concentrations may be harmful. Mist or vapor can irritate the throat and lungs. Breathing this material may cause central Inhalation nervous system depression with symptoms including nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness or unconsciousness This product can cause eye irritation from short-term contact with liquid, mists or vapors. Symptoms include stinging, watering, redness Eye Contact and swelling. Effects may be more serious with repeated or prolonged contact. Mild to moderate skin irritant. Contact may cause redness, itching, burning and skin damage. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may Skin Contact cause drying and cracking of the skin, dermatitis (inflammation), burns and severe skin damage. Ingestion may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and restlessness. Ingestion Aspiration (inadvertent suction) of liquid into the lungs must be avoided as even small quantities in the lungs can produce lung Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 193 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies inflammation and damage. Potential Chronic Health Effects Chronic effects of overexposure are similar to acute effects including Signs and Symptoms central nervous system (CNS) effects and CNS depression, irritation of the respiratory or digestive tracts, nausea, abd diarrhea. This material may contain ethyl benzene and naphthalene at concentrations above 0.1%. IARC has identified dieseI (a product similar to kerosene) engine exhaust as probably carcinogenic to Carcinogenic Potential humans (Group 2A) and ethyl benzene and naphthalene as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) based on laboratory animal studies. May cause damage to skin, kidneys, liver, upper respiratory system, Target Organs eyes and central nervous system (CNS). Disorders of the following organs or organ systems that may be Conditions Aggravated by aggravated by significant exposure to this material or its components Overexposure include the skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys and CNS. 7.3.2 Identification of Hazards Based on MSIHC Rule, 2000 Manufacturing, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (amended in 2000) has been enforced by Govt. of India under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. For the purpose of identifying hazard installations the rules employ certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals. MSIHC Rule is applicable for storage of HSD and ATF at the existing Surat Airport. 7.3.3 Hazardous Conditions An accidental release of HSD for DG operation and ATF from tanks or piping during unloading and filling in aircraft may result in formation of fixed or spreading pool of released qualities. In case of immediate ignition a pool fire will result. Delayed ignition may result in explosion or flash fire, if quantity of explosive mass is sufficient and some confinement is present. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 194 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies i. Pool Fire A leak or spill of sufficient quantities of petroleum product will result in an accumulation of petroleum product on the ground. If ignited, the resulting fire is known as spreading or fixed pool fire. In case any object comes in contact with the flame above the pool, it will be severely damaged or destroyed and personnel exposed to flame will suffer extensive burn injuries. Objects and personnel outside the actual flame volume may also be affected or injured by radiant heat. The extent of damage or injury depends on the heat flux and duration of fire and exposure. If a large area of the body receives second and third degree burns, it can result in fatalities. The extent of injury to people depends on the heat flux and duration of exposure. The extent of damage to personnel and property depends on the size of the pool and the duration of fire. ii. Thermal Effects In case of fire, thermal effect is likely to cause injury or damage to people and objects. A substantial body of experimental data exists and forms the basis for thermal effect estimation. The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is a function of: #" Radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2]; #" Exposure duration [sec]; #" Protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body). The following damage distances for thermal radiation have been used: 37.5 kW/m2: Damage to process equipment.100% fatality in 1 min. 1% fatality in 10 sec. 12.5 kW/m2: First degree burn for 10 sec. exposure 4.0 kW/m2: First degree burn for 30 sec. exposure iii. Vapour Cloud Explosion/Flash fire Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 195 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Vapour cloud explosion scenarios have been considered for confined (over pressure scenario) as well as non-confined scenario (flash fire). If a released HSD and ATF are not ignited directly, the vapour cloud will spread in the surrounding area towards wind direction. The drifting cloud will mix with air. As long as the vapour concentration is between the lower and upper explosion limits, the vapour cloud may be set on fire by an ignition source. In case of delayed ignition of a vapour cloud, two physical effects may occur: a flash fire (non-confined) over the whole length of the flammable vapour cloud; a vapour cloud explosion (confined) which results in blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the flammable cloud is required. The extent of injury to people & damage to property or environment depends on the cloud size, explosive mass in the cloud and the degree of confinement at the time of ignition. iv. Delayed Ignition & Explosion In case of delayed ignition of a natural vapour cloud, two physical effects may occur: # A flash fire (non confined explosion) over the whole length of the explosive vapour cloud; # A vapour cloud explosion (confined explosion) that results in blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the flammable cloud is required. Table 7.3: Damage Effects due to Overpressures Peak Overpressure Damage Type 0.830 bar Total Destruction 0.350 bar Heavy Damage 0.170 bar Moderate Damage 0.100 bar Minor Damage The Table below gives an illustrative listing of damage effects caused by peak overpressure. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 196 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Table 7.4: Illustrative Damage Effects due to Overpressures Peak Overpressure (Bar) Failure 0.005 5 % Window Shattering 0.02 50 % Window Shattering 0.07 Collapse of a roof of a tank 0.07-0.14 Connection failure of panelling 0.08-0.1 Minor Damage to Steel Framework 0.15-0.2 Concrete block wall shattered 0.2 Collapse of Steel Framework 0.2-0.3 Collapse of self framing Steel panel building 0.2-0.3 Ripping of empty oil tanks 0.2-0.3 Deformation of a pipe bridge 0.2-0.4 Big trees topple over 0.3 Panelling torn off 0.35-0.4 Piping failure 0.35-0.8 Damage to Distillation Column 0.4-0.85 Collapse of pipe bridge 0.5 Loaded Train Wagon overturned 0.5 Brick walls shattered 0.5-1.0 Movement of round tank, failure of connecting piping (Source: TNO) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 197 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Table 7.5: Preliminary Hazard Analysis For Process And Storage Areas And For Whole Airport 7.3.4 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA) At the Surat airport, HSD and ATF may be released as a result of failures of hose pipe used for loading and unloading or catastrophic rupture of pipe or pipe connection, causing possible fire and explosion resulting damage human and property in the surrounding area. This section deals with the question of how the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage to the surrounding area can be determined by means of models. Maximum Credible Accident analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation, vapor cloud explosion, etc. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed. The Surat Airport may mainly pose flammable and explosion hazards due to unwanted release or leakage of HSD and ATF. Consequence analysis is basically a study of quantitative analysis of hazards due to various failure scenarios. It is that part of risk Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 198 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies analysis, which considers failure cases and the damage caused by these failure cases. It is done in order to form an opinion on potentially hazardous outcome of accidents and their possible consequences. The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are many folds like: a. Estimation of consequence distances; b. Design Criteria. c. Protection of other installations; and d. Emergency Planning; The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario occurs and also to get information as how to deal with the possible catastrophic events. 7.3.5 Scenarios Considered for Consequence Analysis The mode of approach adopted for consequence analysis is to first select the failure cases and then to conduct the consequence analysis of the selected failure cases. The failure cases selected are listed in Table No.-7.6. Table 7.6: Selected failure cases S. No. Scenario Failure Mode 1. Tank containing an unpressurized Leaking tank, chemical is not burning flammable liquid and forms an evaporating puddle Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire BLEVE, tank explodes and chemical burns in a fireball 2. Flammable chemical escaping from tank. Flammable area of vapour cloud Chemical is not on fire Blast area of vapour cloud explosion The above scenarios are made keeping in view the worst scenarios occurred in the past and likely disasters that could occur on a major scale and managing such risks by drawing a precedential scale of approach to minimize any such effects in near future. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 199 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies 7.4 Model Used For Analysis ALOHA® is the hazard modeling program for the CAMEO® software suite, which is used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies. ALOHA allows you to enter details about a real or potential chemical release, and then it will generate threat zone estimates for various types of hazards. ALOHA can model toxic gas clouds, flammable gas clouds, BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions), jet fires, pool fires, and vapor cloud explosions. The threat zone estimates are shown on a grid in ALOHA. SITE DATA: Location: SURAT, INDIA, INDIA Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.50 (enclosed office) Time: August 11, 2019 1149 hours ST (using computer's clock) CHEMICAL DATA: Chemical Name: ATF CAS Number: 8008-20-6 Molecular Weight: 170 g/mol AEGL-1 (60 min): 290 mg/m3 AEGL-2 (60 min): 1100 mg/m3 AEGL-3 (60 min): NR LEL: 0.7% UEL: 7% Ambient Boiling Point: 300-572 ° F Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.01 psi 100° F, 38° C Ambient Saturation Concentration: 458,970 ppm or 45.9% Density (kg/dm³)@ 15 °C: 0.81 Flash point (°F): 144 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 200 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA) Wind: 1.8 meters/second from SW at 3 meters Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 0 tenths Air Temperature: 35° C Stability Class: F No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 50% SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 1.6 meters Tank Length: 0.5 meters Tank Volume: 1.01 cubic meters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 35° C Chemical Mass in Tank : 662 kilograms Tank is 85% full Circular Opening Diameter : 1 inches Opening is 0.48 meters from tank bottom Ground Type : Concrete Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter : Unknown Release Duration : 42 minutes Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 30.7 pounds/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released : 1,031 pounds Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 10.2 yards. THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame Level of Congestion: congested Model Run: Heavy Gas Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 201 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings) Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely) Yellow: 23 yards --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass) Scenario 1: Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 202 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 203 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Scenario 2: Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 204 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 205 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 206 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies 7.5 High Speed Diesel (HSD) High speed diesel is a mixture of straight run product (150 °C and 350 °C) with varying amount of selected cracked distillates and is composed of saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including iso, and cycloparaffins), and aromatic hydrocarbons (including napthalenes and alkylbenzenes). Its exact composition depends on the source of crude oil from which it is produced and the refining methods used. HSD presents a moderate fire hazard. On heating, it can cause pressure rise with risk of bursting and subsequent explosion. It also forms explosive mixture with air particularly in an empty container. A. Inventory at Site Table 7.7: Storage Capacity of HSD at project site S. No. Name of Hazardous Nature of No. of Storage Capacity Materials & Location Hazard Units of storage (Liters) 1 HSD (High Speed Diesel) ; Fire & Explosion 2 1000 lt. each underground Table 7.8: HSD Characteristics Chemical Codes/ TLV FBP MP FP LEL UEL Label % HSD (High Speed Flammable 215- 320 C Diesel) 800 ppm 3760 C NA 0.6 6.0 TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 207 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Table 7.9: Applicability of MSIHC Rules to Storages S. Chemical/ Fuel Listed in *Actual Threshold Quantity No. Schedule Expected Quantity for Application of For Application Rules 5,7 M 9 and 13 of Rules 10 - 12 - 15 1 HSD 3(2(e)(iii),5 2000 lt. 2500 T 20,000 T and 6(1)(a) /) From the above table it can be inferred that HSD tanks does not (with capacity less than 1 T ) attract rules 2(e)(iii), 5 and 6(1)(a) and 7-15, as the stored quantities are less than that of the stipulated threshold quantities. 7.6 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes, causing possible damage to the surrounding area. This chapter deals with the question of how the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage to the surrounding area can be determined by means of models. A disastrous situation is generally due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in addition to other natural causes, which eventually lead to loss of life, property and ecological imbalance. MCA Analysis. MCA analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation, toxic releases, vapor cloud explosion, etc. A host of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed. Various models for calculating the physical effects of the incidental release of hazardous substances are detailed subsequently. First, attention is paid to the factors, which are decisive for the selection of the models to be used in a particular situation, after which the various effect models are discussed. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 208 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Table 7.10: Mathematical models and analytical models for Hazard Analysis S. No Explosions 1. Pool fire Fire ball Table 7.11: Damage criteria Heat Radiation Explosions Toxic Gas Dispersion Incident Flux Damage Peak Damage The extent of KW/m2 overpressure damage depends (bar) upon the 37.5 100% lethality, 0.3 Heavy - 90% concentration of Heavy damage to the toxic equipment compound in the 25.0 50% lethality, non 0.03 Damage of glass atmosphere. The piloted ignition relation between 12.5 1% lethality, 0.01 Crack of windows percent of injuries piloted ignition and the toxic load 4.5 Not lethal, 1st is normally given degree burns in the form of 1.6 No discomfort probity function. even after long exposure 7.6.1 Pool Fire of HSD Storage Tanks A storage tank of HSD with a capacity of 700 liters is considered for the CBWTF project. Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of tanks leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when fuel oil collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited. As the tanks are provided within the dyke the fire will be confined within the dyke wall. Location: SURAT, INDIA, INDIA Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.50 (enclosed office) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 209 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Time: August 12, 2019 1420 hours ST (using computer's clock) CHEMICAL DATA: Chemical Name: N-OCTANE CAS Number: 111-65-9 Molecular Weight: 114.23 g/mol PAC-1: 230 ppm PAC-2: 385 ppm PAC-3: 5000 ppm IDLH: 1000 ppm LEL: 9600 ppm UEL: 65000 ppm Ambient Boiling Point: 258.2° F Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.032 atm Ambient Saturation Concentration: 31,718 ppm or 3.17% ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA) Wind: 1.8 meters/second from SW at 3 meters Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 0 tenths Air Temperature: 35° C Stability Class: C No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 50% SOURCE STRENGTH: Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 0.9 meters Tank Length: 2.1 meters Tank Volume: 1,336 liters Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 35° C Chemical Mass in Tank: 0.73 tons Tank is 71% full Circular Opening Diameter: 0.5 inches Opening is 7.09 inches from tank bottom Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: equal to ambient Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 4.98 pounds/min Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 210 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies (averaged over a minute or more) Total Amount Released: 176 pounds Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 10.5 yards. HREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame Level of Congestion: congested Model Run: Gaussian No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 211 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 212 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 213 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies 7.6.2 Hazardous Conditions An accidental release of HSD for DG operation and ATF from tanks or piping during unloading and filling in aircraft may result in formation of fixed or spreading pool of released qualities. In case of immediate ignition a pool fire will result. Delayed ignition may result in explosion or flash fire, if quantity of explosive mass is sufficient and some confinement is present. 7.6.2.1 Pool Fire A leak or spill of sufficient quantities of petroleum product will result in an accumulation of petroleum product on the ground. If ignited, the resulting fire is known as spreading or fixed pool fire. In case any object comes in contact with the flame above the pool, it will be severely damaged or destroyed and personnel exposed to flame will suffer extensive burn injuries. Objects and personnel outside the actual flame volume may also be affected or injured by radiant heat. The extent of damage or injury depends on the heat flux and duration of fire and exposure. If a large area of the body receives second and third degree burns, it can result in fatalities. The extent of injury to people depends on the heat flux and duration of exposure. The extent of damage to personnel and property depends on the size of the pool and the duration of fire. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 214 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies 7.6.2.2 Thermal Effects In case of fire, thermal effect is likely to cause injury or damage to people and objects. A substantial body of experimental data exists and forms the basis for thermal effect estimation. The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is a function of: Radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2]; # Exposure duration [sec]; # Protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body). The following damage distances for thermal radiation have been used: 37.5 kW/m2: Damage to process equipment. 100% fatality in 1 min. 1% fatality in 10 sec. # 12.5 kW/m2 : First degree burn for 10 sec. exposure # 4.0 kW/m2 : First degree burn for 30 sec. exposure 7.6.2.2.1 Vapour Cloud Explosion/Flash fire Vapour cloud explosion scenarios have been considered for confined (over pressure scenario) as well as non-confined scenario (flash fire). If a released HSD and ATF are not ignited directly, the vapour cloud will spread in the surrounding area towards wind direction. The drifting cloud will mix with air. As long as the vapour concentration is between the lower and upper explosion limits, the vapour cloud may be set on fire by an ignition source. In case of delayed ignition of a vapour cloud, two physical effects may occur: a flash fire (non-confined) over the whole length of the flammable vapour cloud; a vapour cloud explosion (confined) which results in blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the flammable cloud is required. The extent of injury to people & damage to property or environment depends on the cloud size, explosive mass in the cloud and the degree of confinement at the time of ignition. 7.6.2.2.2 Delayed Ignition & Explosion In case of delayed ignition of a natural vapour cloud, two physical effects may occur: Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 215 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies # A flash fire (non confined explosion) over the whole length of the explosive vapour cloud; # A vapour cloud explosion (confined explosion) that results in blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the flammable cloud is required. The following Table below gives damage criteria with respect to the peak overpressures resulting from a blast wave: Table 7.12: Damage Effects due to Overpressures Peak Overpressure Damage Type 0.830 bar Total Destruction 0.350 bar Heavy Damage 0.170 bar Moderate Damage 0.100 bar Minor Damage 7.7 Risk Reduction / Mitigation Measures The risk mitigation measures already being taken at Surat Airport are as given below: Prompt action in the event of an accidental release of HSD or ATF is essential. Where there is a possibility of a flammable liquid spill, provisions have been made to ensure as follows: i. The spread of the spill is limited; ii. Non-flammable absorbent material is available for immediate use; iii. Ignition sources can be quickly removed; and iv. The area is well ventilated. Routine testing and inspection are carried out for storage area, hoses and fueling tanker and record will be maintained. Leakages from tanker are prevented by a suitable regime of preventive maintenance and inspection. Heat and smoke detectors will be provided at strategic locations. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 216 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Adequate fire fighting facilities have been provided near storage and handling of HSD and ATF. Fire fighting facilities are tested as per schedule. Ground staff near aircraft has been trained to take measure in the event of spillage and during fire emergency. Fueling in Aircraft and DG sets Qday tankR is done under the supervision of trained operators. Open vents is provided of goose neck type, covered with a 4 to 8 mesh screen to discharge the vapours of hydrocarbons from storage tanks,. Every storage tank and tanker, including all metal connections, is electrically continuous and has been effectively earthed. Static grounding of aircraft is ensured whenever the aircraft is parked; including during refueling and defueling. Check list for operators for checking safety system and equipment is prepared and check records kept in safe custody. The critical operating steps are displayed on the board near the location where applicable. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)P are followed while unloading or fueling the aircraft. Mock drills are conducted in every three months involving all concerned agencies. All concerned agencies are provided Disaster Management Plan and regular interaction are made. 7.7.1 Risk Mitigation Measures for Fueling of Aircrafts Earthing and bonding connections are attached and mechanically firm. Equipment performing aircraft servicing function is not positioned within 3 m radius of aircraft fuel vent openings. Equipment other than that performing aircraft servicing functions are not positioned within 15 m of aircraft during fuel servicing operations. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 217 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies The accessibility to the aircraft by fire vehicles are established during aircraft fuel servicing. Handheld intrinsically safe communication devices used within 3 m from the fuel vent is intrinsically safe. For open hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fueling system, at least one listed wheeled extinguisher having a rating of not less than 80-B. Presence of at least 2 x 9kg ABC dry powder fire extinguishers at both sides of the refueling browser / dispenser is ensured. Spark plugs & other exposed terminal connections are insulated. All vehicles, other than those performing fuel servicing, are not driven or parked under aircraft wings. Electric tools, drills or similar tools likely to produce sparks or arcs are not used. The ground service activities do not impede the egress should there be an emergency. A clear area for emergency evacuation of the aircraft is maintained at the rear (or front) aircraft exit door. 7.8 Disaster Management Plan The important aspect in emergency management is to prevent by technical and organizational measures, the unintentional escape of hazardous materials out of the facility and minimize accidents and losses. Emergency planning demonstrates the organization's commitment to the safety of employees and increases the organization's safety awareness. The format and contents of the Disaster Management Plan have been developed taking into consideration the regulatory guidelines, other applicable documents and accepted industry good practice principles formulated as a result of lessons learned in actual emergencies requiring extensive emergency response. A plan can work smoothly and effectively only if the instructions are correctly and promptly followed and action taken at various levels is well coordinated. Objective of Emergency Planning The objective of the disaster management plan is to describe the emergency response organization, the resources available and response actions applicable. It deals with various types of emergencies that could occur at the Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 218 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Surat airport with the response organization structure being deployed in the shortest time possible during an emergency. Thus, the objectives of emergency response plan can be summarized as: Rapid control and containment of the hazardous situation; Minimizing the risk and impact of an event/accident; and Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons, and prevention of damage to property. To effectively achieve, the objectives of emergency planning, the critical elements that form the backbone of the plan are: Reliable and early detection of an emergency and careful planning; The command, co-ordination, and response organization structure along with efficient trained personnel; The availability of resources for handling emergencies; Appropriate emergency response actions; Effective notification and communication facilities; Regular review and updating of the plan; and Proper training of the personnel. 7.8.1 Categorization of Emergencies The emergencies at the Surat airport can be classified under several headings. These headings are listed below together with a description of the type of emergency. i. Fires on the Ground Fire on the ground can be aircraft related and non-aircraft related. Fire involving aircraft can be at any location on the taxiway or apron area where the aircraft is parked. Non-aircraft related fire involves mainly the terminal buildings, ATF tanker and HSD storage, etc. ii. Natural Disasters The airport is located in Seismic Zone V as per seismic classification. Seismicity is a natural hazard for Surat Airport project. Therefore, necessary design measures have been taken for making structure earthquake proof. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 219 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies iii. Mock Drills and Exercises Mock drills constitute another important component of emergency preparedness. They refer to the re-enactment, under the assumption of a mock scenario, of the implementation of response actions to be taken during an emergency. Emergency drills and integrated exercises have the following objectives. To test, efficacy, timing, and content of the plan and implementing procedures; To ensure, that the emergency organization personnel are familiar with their duties and responsibilities by demonstration; Provide hands-on experience with the procedures to be implemented during emergency; and Maintain emergency preparedness. The frequency of the drills would vary depending on the severity of the hazard. However, drills would be conducted once in a year. Scenarios may be developed in such a manner as to accomplish more than one event objective. Drills and exercises will be conducted as realistically as is reasonably practicable. Planning for drills and exercises would include: The basic objectives, The dates, times and places, The participating organizations, The events to be simulated, An approximate schedule of events, Arrangements for qualified observers, and An appropriate critique of drills/exercises with participants. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 220 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project: O"#$%&'%()*+,+$#-.+/')#0)1234')5%3-#3'6)4')1234')7/'+3/4'%#/4$)5%3-#3'6)1234')892:434';P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 7: Additional studies Evaluation of drills and exercises would be carried out which would include comments from the participants and observers. Discrepancies noted by the drill observers during the drill shall be pointed out during the drill. The individual responsible for conducting the drill or exercise would prepare a written evaluation of the drill or exercise. The evaluation would include assessments and recommendations on: Areas that require immediate correction; Areas where additional training is needed; Suggested modifications to the plan or procedures; and Deficiencies in equipment, training, and facilities. The evaluation of a drill or exercise shall be submitted to the terminal manager for review and acceptance who shall then determine the corrective actions to be taken and assign the responsibility to appropriate personnel. The Safety In-charge would track all approved drill and exercise corrective actions as a means of assuring that corrections are made in a reasonable amount of time, and shall advise the Terminal Manager of the status of implementation of corrective actions. Records of drills, exercises, evaluations, and corrective actions would be duly maintained. ****** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 221 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI _Surat/EIA/256 Rev No. 02 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 8 Project Benefits Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gu#$%$&'P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 8: Project Benefits Chapter 8: Project Benefits 8.0 Project Benefits Surat International Airport is located on Magdalla - Dumas Road towards the famous Dumas Beach on the South-West part of the Surat city, approximately 20 kms from the city center. The Airport currently serves Surat city with a population of 6 million and serves the South Gujarat region with an overall population of 12 million. Besides the intrastate connectivity provided by Surat based NSOP, with Ahmedabad, Amreli, Bhavnagar and Rajkot; the city has had limited air connectivity, for many long years, until recently. With Extended Passenger Terminal being added in the next two years, Surat Airport seems to be taking to wings over the seven seas and should be all set to achieve a fully fledged International Status by year 2019 with a capacity to handle more than a Million passengers yearly and a ranking among top 30 busy Airports in India. The present proposal involves holistic development of the Surat airport including Expansion of Runway, Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, residential quarters, additional CISF barracks & Cargo Complex. The passenger traffic at Surat Airport has increased by 250 % from 194688 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April), to 681465 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). Similarly, the Air Traffic Movements (ATMRs) increased by 131.4 % in from 4651 nos. in 2016-17 (March to April) to 10762 nos. in 2017-18 (March to April). The passenger handling capacity at Surat Airport in future shall continue to increase. In view of rapid growth in passenger traffic of over 250 % in 2017-18 & Air craft movement of over 131.4 % in 2017-18, Surat Airport operational infrastructure needs to be upgraded to serve the estimated demand of over 2.6 Million Person Per Annum by 2031-32 to be achieved in phases. Improvements in connectivity will effectively contribute to the economic performance of the wider economy through enhancing its overall level of productivity. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 223 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gu#$%$&'P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 8: Project Benefits 8.1 Benefits to the Infrastructure The proposed expansion will have numerous induced impacts on society. It will also attract other entrepreneurs to establish their venture in the region. The proposed expansion project will attract large number of population to the area in the form of equipment suppliers, material suppliers, maintenance technicians, etc. For their accommodation, the infrastructural facilities like lodging, eateries and transport facilities on the outskirts of nearby villages up to the plant area is expected to improve. These will also benefit the local population. The proposed expansion of the airport will also attract tourism and infrastructure development in the region there by generating the revenue which will boost the economy of Surat City. 8.2 Benefits to the Socio-Economic Status The proposed holistic development project will lead to direct and indirect benefits to the overall socio-economic status of the region also. During construction phase, there will be opportunities for local skilled and unskilled workers to be employed in the various construction related activities like material handling, operation of construction machinery, actual construction, painting, installation of plant machinery, etc. At the same time, local small contractors, vehicle owners, machinery owners will get substantial amount of business for providing their services. The construction activity and influx of visitors will also open up opportunities for setting up establishments like lodging, telephone, kiosks, small shops etc. in the vicinity of the airport. These may be considered indirect benefits due to the setting up of the project in the area. 8.3 Employment Generation Apart from the temporary employment during construction phase, the setting up of the unit will also open up good employment opportunities, especially for the skilled workers. The project will further improve this status of unemployment and provide opportunities to the unemployed population. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 224 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gu#$%$&'P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 8: Project Benefits 8.4 Corporate Environmental Responsibility The project is committed towards Corporate Environmental Responsibility. Required amount to be earmarked for CER for the project as per office memorandum dated 1st May 2018 (MoEF&CC) is Rs. 3.024 Crore/- which is 0.75% of the total Project cost i.e. Rs. 403.25 Crore/-, for brown field projects. Therefore, an amount of CER 3.1 Crore /- has been proposed for the holistic development of Surat Airport. Issues raised during public hearing & the site visit observations will be taken into consideration for preparing the CER action plan. The amount for CER will be spent under the following heads as per office memorandum dated 1st May 2018 (MoEF&CC); Improving Education facilities Health & Sanitation; & Community infrastructure in the nearby areas 8.5 Conclusion Airport Authority of India (AAI), Surat, has provided and will continue to provide assistance for the development of public amenities in the nearby areas. The overall effect will further improve the buying power of people and thus a higher standard of living viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities, housing and acquisition of consumer durables. Housing, transport, medical, educational and other civic amenities will further improve in the future. This is envisaged as a major positive benefit. ******** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 225 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 9 Environmental Cost Benefits Analysis Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat #$%&'$(%)*$(+!,)'-*'%.!/0'(%!1203('(%4P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 9: Environment Cost & Benefit Analysis Chapter 9 Environment Cost & Benefit Analysis 9.0 Environment Cost & Benefit Analysis Environmental cost and benefit analysis is not recommended for the proposed holistic development of Surat airport project at the ToR stage. The project involves the expansion of existing Surat Airport in terms of holistic development. ******* Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 227 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10 EMP Project !OHolist#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Chapter 10: EMP 10.0 Environment Management Plan The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the environment and comply with environmental legislation. Preparation of environmental management plan is required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during and after commissioning of projects. The plans should indicate the details as to how various measures have been or are proposed to be taken including cost components as may be required8 EMP specifies various technological measures for pollution prevention, waste minimization, attenuation etc. proposed to be undertaken to mitigate the environmental impacts on each sector of environment during each phase of the project, i.e. construction phase and operation phase. Apart from mitigation measures, EMP also includes institutional set-up for implementation of various measures, greenbelt development plan and environmental monitoring plan. 10.1. Components of EMP Following elements are the major components of Environment Management Plan: Commitment and policy: The project strives to provide and implement the environment management plan that incorporates all issues related to air, land and water. Planning: This head includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements and setting of environmental objectives. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 229 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolist#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken. Measurement and evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions and record keeping. 10.2. Management Plan for Construction Phase The impacts of construction activities would be temporary and will reduce gradually with the completion of the construction activities. Various mitigation measures proposed to be implemented during construction phase are described in Table 10.1. Construction phase monitoring includes: Monitoring of accuracy of predicted impacts during EIA study Monitoring on likely impacts of the project particularly on biological resources. Monitoring of occupational health and safety measures Air Environment Air quality around the project is marginally impacted during the construction phase. Various activities related to construction are likely to generate dust and may adversely affect the air quality of the surrounding area of the project site. Following measures shall be taken to minimize such impacts: All the loose material either stacked or transported will be provided with suitable covering such as tarpaulin. For dust suppression due to vehicular movements, water sprinkling will be done from time to time. To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper mask will be provided to the workers who are engaged in activities that may lead to dust generation. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 230 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolist#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Water Environment During the construction period, run-off from site shall not be allowed to stand (water logging) or enter into the roadside or any surface drains. There is no surface water body within 1.0 km radius of the project site. Adequate measures will be taken to avoid any adverse impact on surface or ground water during construction phase. Domestic waste water generated through manpower engaged in construction will be disposed off to soak pit via septic tank. Noise Environment During the construction stage, increase in ambient noise levels is expected, which will decrease with increase in distance. All the construction activities will be carried out during the daytime. There will be some noise generation due to the traffic movement carrying construction material, which is a temporary phenomenon. To prevent the occurrence of any occupational hazard, earmuff/earplug will be given to the workers working around and operating machinery emitting high noise levels. Careful planning of machinery operation and scheduling of operations will be done to minimize such impacts. Development of green belt will be helpful in abatement of noise and act as barrier for noise generated from plant machinery. Solid Waste Management During construction, construction waste generated will be stacked and disposed off at the designated disposal site and care will be taken to ensure that temporary stacking and transportation does not cause any disturbance to the surrounding environment. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 231 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat 6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Table 10.1: Proposed Mitigation Measures To Be Implemented During Construction Phase Responsibility for Risks and Consequence of Failure, if Proposed Mitigation Measures Targets to Achieve Implementation any Air Pollution Control Control of fugitive dust from construction Water sprinkling in vulnerable areas AAI + Contractor Increase in PM emissions areas Proper maintenance of vehicles & AAI + Contractor Control of CO & NOx Emissions Increase in gaseous pollutant construction equipment Transportation of construction material in Control of fugitive dust during AAI + Contractor Increase in PM emissions covered trucks, wherever possible transportation. Noise Pollution Control Proper maintenance of vehicles, Contractor Control of ambient and site noise levels Increase in noise levels equipment and machinery Provision of acoustic covers/ enclosures on equipment and machinery, wherever Contractor Control of ambient and site noise levels Increase in noise levels possible Provision of earmuffs/ earplugs to the workers in high noise areas and Contractor Protection of workers Health effects on individual workers enforcement of its use Water Pollution Control Channelization and construction of AAI Control of suspended solids in effluents Increase in total suspended solids in temporary sedimentation tanks for from construction area effluents Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 232 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat 6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Responsibility for Risks and Consequence of Failure, if Proposed Mitigation Measures Targets to Achieve Implementation any effluents from construction area through network of drains. Socio-Economic Environment Provision of environmentally safe AAI + Contractor To provide clean & healthy living Unhealthy living conditions, spread of camping area for the migrant laborers environment to work force diseases Arrangements for water supply and Stress on existing utilities, conflicts with Contractor To reduce stress on surrounding population sanitation local people Solid Waste Management Disposal of surplus earth and construction Contractor + AAI Control of pollution Air/ Water Pollution debris Reclaiming of un-built area with Create a good visual environment. AAI Unpleasant surroundings appropriate vegetation/ land scaping Aesthetics improvement. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 233 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International 3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP 10.3. Management Plan for Operation Phase The impacts of operation phase will be long term in nature. Table 10.2 describes various mitigation measures, proposed to be implemented during operation phase. Operational phase monitoring includes: Regular supervision of established infrastructure Supervision of waste management. Supervision of safety measures and equipment. Supervision of regular water supply and sanitation. VisitorRs satisfaction through the improved air services; and Increase in the visitorsR number. 10.3.1 Air Environment The potential sources of air pollution are Aircraft operations, DG set and vehicular traffic. Aircrafts shall be operated in accordance with ICAO/USEPA standards to ensure aircraft emissions are within specified standards; The ambient air quality & stack emission norms will be adhered to as per SPCB/CPCB norms. 10.3.2 Water Environment The total water requirement for the proposed project will be 807 KLD including 301 KLD of fresh water requirement & 506 KLD of treated water requirement. Domestic waste water generated from airport operations & residential facilities will be treated in proposed STP & reused for flushing, landscaping & cooling purpose. No waste water will be discharged outside project premises. Online flow meters will be installed at inlet and outlet of the STP. Monitoring of inlet and outlet quality of wastewater. Records of wastewater generation and reuse/disposal quantity will be maintained. STP sludge will be reused as manure for landscaping. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 234 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International 3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Proper housekeeping will be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated surface runoff going to storm water drains. 10.3.3 Noise Environment The main sources of noise generation are due to aircraft operations & ground noise including airport operations, DG set operations & movement of vehicles. Following measures will be taken to control the same: Strict adherence to DGCA/ICAO prescribed environmental guidelines & circulars on airport operations Switching off as many engines as possible during idling and taxing; Periodic and preventive maintenance and cleaning of equipment/machinery & vehicles will be done regularly so as to reduce noise levels. For all the noise generating equipment including DG sets etc., acoustic enclosures will be provided wherever feasible. Regular use of PPEs (ear Plugs and Ear Muffs) to reduce impact on health will be made compulsory while working near the noise generating equipments. Periodic and preventive maintenance and cleaning of equipments will be regularly done so the noise levels are reduced. Plantation & greenbelt development to reduce/check noise levels. 10.3.4 Land Environment Treated waste water will be utilized for plantation after ensuring norms specified by pollution control board & & washing water collected properly to ensure mitigation of any adverse impact on soil and ground water. Hazardous waste shall be stored as per guidelines in storage area. Impervious flooring shall be provided wherever storage & handling of waste will be done in the airport premises. 10.3.5 Odour Control Control measures for odour due to proposed STP are described below: Odour suppression chemicals (Odorants) will be sprayed as and when required; Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 235 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International 3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Plantation shall be done with selection of odor suppressing plant species in the project site. Best management practices shall be in place; Regular workplace monitoring shall be carried out. 10.3.6 Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Construction and Demolition Debris (CDD); waste from aircraft flights (deplaned waste); compostable waste; hazardous and industrial waste; and lavatory waste will be generated from the construction phase, airport operations & residential facilities. The solid waste generated will be first segregated as plastic, glass, paper, and other waste separately and disposed off as per applicable Rules. 10.3.7 Traffic Management & Decongestion Plan Guided traffic ways inside the airport premises (one way traffic) with sufficient width of driveways to ensure smooth traffic movements during peak hours. Separate entry and exit provisions. Having strict speed limits, and ensuring they are followed. Having Traffic control devices (markers, signs and signal devices used to inform, guide and control traffic) in place. Designated parking spaces for passengers and staff. No vehicle will be allowed to park outside the airport premises. Encouraging use of Public Transport: o By providing a separate roadway for commercial ground transportation (e.g. commercial lanes or drives: access to these commercial roadways maybe gate controlled, so that only commercial vehicles can enter & pick-up passengers. o Prioritized facilities: Transportation counters in baggage claim areas: access to transportation or ticket counters, typically found in the baggage claim area, can benefit potential customers & ground transportation services. Counters can help passengers (1) identify available public transportation services (2) readily determine the optimum route, schedule, and fares; and (3) purchase a ticket before boarding the vehicle. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 236 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Table 10.2: Proposed Mitigation Measures To Be Implemented During Operation Phase Mitigation Measures Proposed Responsibility for Targets to Achieve Risks and Consequence of Failure, if Implementation any Air Environment Shut down extra engines during AAI Control of CO and NOx emissions Increase in gaseous emissions idling and taxing Height of the stack for DG sets shall AAI Wider dispersion of Increase in ground level concentration of be kept as per CPCB guidelines emitted air Pollutions pollutants. Appropriate design of access roads to AAI Control of CO and NOx emissions Increase in gaseous emissions avoid traffic jams to reduce air pollution Water Environment Sewage Treatment Plant AAI Removal of suspended solids, oil and Increase in concentration of pollutants grease and organic matter to conform especially Biological parameters. to regulatory standards for discharge of effluents into inland surface waters Dry cleaning process in workshop AAI Removal of oil and grease to conform Contamination of water and maintenance area to clean the oil to regulatory standards for discharge of spillages effluents into inland surface waters The storm water from the paved and AAI Recharge the ground water table Flooding of airport unpaved areas shall be routed to the rainwater harvesting structures Noise Environment Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 237 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Mitigation Measures Proposed Responsibility for Targets to Achieve Risks and Consequence of Failure, if Implementation any Provision of acoustic enclosures/ AAI Attenuation of noise in source receptor Increase in ambient noise levels barriers/ shields to reduce noise pathway Provision of personal protective AAI Protection of sensitive receptor Health impact on workers in high noise equipment like ear plugs and ear areas muffs Solid Waste Management Used oil and hazardous waste AAI Shall be disposed of through Soil contamination authorized recyclers/re-refiners Domestic Solid Waste AAI Environmentally safe disposal of Air and water pollution, spread of municipal waste from township disease vectors Others Afforestation and Green Belt AAI Ecological improvement Reduction in aesthetics and living space. Development Attenuation of air pollutants (PM, SO2 Higher pollutants in the ambient air. and NOx) and noise in source receptor pathway Disaster Management Plan AAI Safety Increased risk of fire and explosion Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 238 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP 10.4. Green Belt Development Greenbelt development has great importance and became an essential element of planning policy. It is a well-known fact that the trees have substantial inter-specific as well as intra- specific variation in air pollution tolerance. Therefore, plant species act as bio-monitoring agent to monitor the air environment as well as to keep and maintain the project environ healthy. The main objective of the green belt is to provide a buffer / barrier between the sources of pollution and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and attenuate the noise apart from improving the aesthetics quality of the region. Greenbelt will be developed by using appropriate plant species as suggested by CPCB guidelines to mitigate air pollution and to improve biodiversity status of the study area. As a control measure for atmospheric pollution, as a barrier to noise generated in the plant premises and to utilize the wastewater generated as treated effluent, it is recommended to develop green belt around the periphery of the plant, along the road side and other area available for the plantation. 10.4.1 Selection of Plant Species Greenbelt will be developed by following CPCB guidelines for greenbelt development, 2000. Accordingly, evergreen and quick growing species have been selected / suggested for greenbelt development. 10.4.2 Locations of Greenbelt & Plantation Greenbelt will be developed in the 33% area of the project site as well as in the buffer zone (as a part of conservation of Schedule-I species). Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 239 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Table 10.3: Plant Species Suggested for Greenbelt Development in the Project Site S. No Scientific Name Common Name Ecological performance 1 Aegle marmelos Bel CN, DC 2 Azardirachta indica Neem CN, OGE, DC 3 Butea monosperma Palas CN, OGE, DC 4 Ficus bengalensis Banyan, Vad CN, DC 5 Ficus religiosa Peepal CN, OGE, DC 6 Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka CN, OGE, DC 7 Syzygium cumini Jamun, Jambu CN, DC 8 Tamarindus indica Emali CN, OGE, DC 9 Terminalia catappa Desi Badam CN, OGE, DC 10 Terminalia arjuna Arjun CN, OGE, DC Ecological performance: CN MControl Noise level, OGE M Absorb Gas emission (Sexena 1991) and (Abbasi & Khan 2000), DC - Dust Controller (CPCB 2007) References: Saxena, V.S. 1991. Afforestation as a tool for environmental improvement. In: Executive development program on greening the townships. Vaniki Prashikshan Sansthan, Jaipur. Pp 13-44. Greenbelts for Pollution Control: Concepts, Design, Applications. 2000. Abbasi, S.A. and F.I. Khan. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi. Phytoremediation of particulate matter from ambient environment through dust capturing plant species. Published 2007 by Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India in Delhi. Table 10.4: Fragrant Plant Species Suggested for Odor Suppression S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Location of Plantation 1. Tagetes patula Genda Mixed plantation of these species will 2. Rosa indica Rose be carried out in the inter-spaces of trees of greenbelt. 3. Jasminum auriculatum Juhi 4. Jasminum grandiflorum Chameli Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 240 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP 5. Jasminum sambac Madan Mogra 10.4.3 Budget Allocation Greenbelt with in project site/ core zone will be developed within initial two years while buffer zone plantation will be continued up to 5 years. Estimated budget for same is as follows: Table 10.5: Budget Allocation for Greenbelt Development Particulars 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th year 5th Year Grand Total 1. Core Zone: following plantation will be developed in the existing 25 % greenbelt area of the project site. Saplings required for project site 50 50 50 50 50 250 greenbelt Amount (@ INR. 250 per 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 62,500 sapling) 2. Buffer Zone: Every year 100 sapling will be planted upto 5 years with in LIZ area like, agriculture hedges, various places of urban area (public places) and along road. Saplings required for project site 100 100 100 100 100 500 sapling greenbelt Amount (@ INR. 250 per 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 sapling) All other costs like labor costs for plantation, soil filling dressing, irrigation etc. will also borne by client / proponent. 10.4.4 Plantation Technique and Care Plantation Technique Following basic procedures need to be followed for greening the area. Plantation of tree species required approx. 1m3 pit for soil enrichment Pit should be filled with imported soil with 3:1:1 the ratio of sand, silt and form yard manure Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 241 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP Procure well grown saplings of recommended species from the nearby Forest Department nursery Make 1m diameter ring bund around the planted saplings for water retention Watering of sapling is species specific, therefore watering need to be done once in 2 or 3 days for a period of two years Soil wok and weeding need to be done once in a two months Monitoring Protocol The plantations need to be managed by regular watering, soil enrichment work, applying manure, weeding and provide proper protection. Replacement of sapling (replanting) required whenever mortality occurs in the plantation during the growth stage. Plantation requires after care for a period of minimum five years till the saplings attain matured tree stage. Any damage to the developed greenbelt due to any natural or cattle activity should be redeveloped and maintained by the agency. Benefits from Plantation: Maintaining vegetative cover will help in A. Reducing heat island effect B. Reducing flooding risk by increasing groundwater recharge C. Reducing erosion and polluting surface water bodies Apart from this, maintaining tree cover will help in improving air quality by A. Reducing pollution B. Reducing dust C. Increasing oxygen content Keeping native species can lead to cost savings through A. Reduced maintenance due to greater adaptability Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 242 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP B. Reduced water requirement Native plantation will help in A. Attracting native fauna and migratory species creating Qurban nichesR B. Increasing the aesthetic quality of the development without extensive maintenance 10.5. Environmental Management Cell A permanent organizational set up will be formed to ensure the effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows: To implement the environmental management plan. To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices. To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations. To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence to the EMP. To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule. Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case monitored results are above the specified limit. Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference. Maintain environmental related records. Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants and monitoring laboratories. Maintaining log of public complaints and the action taken. Environment Management will be headed by a manager and will constitute environmental engineer, safety officer and Ecologist/horticulturist. The Manager (Env) will be responsible for Environment management activities in the proposed project. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz. source emission monitoring, ambient air quality, water and effluent Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 243 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O;)(#<-#$!%&'&()*+&,-!).!/012-!3#1*)1-4!2-!/012-!5,-&1,2-#),2(!3#1*)1-4!/012-!6708212-9P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 10: EMP quality, noise level either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case the monitored results of environmental pollution found to exceed the allowable limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities. The Environmental Management Cell also co-ordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and greenbelt development. 10.6. Cost Provision for Environment Management In order to comply with the environmental protection measures as suggested in the above sections, the project management has made budgetary provision for environmental protection and safety measures. The total capital cost towards EMP is Rs.72.0 Lac/- and the recurring cost will be Rs. 6.5 Lac/-. The annual expenditure to be incurred on plantation, maintenance, monitoring and analysis of ambient air, effluent water and soil etc as shown in Table below: Table 10.6: Annual Expenditure of Environmental Protection Measures Cost Recurring Cost S. No. Pollution control system (Rs. Lac) (Rs. Lac) 1. Air pollution control 10 1.0 2. Water pollution (Sewage Treatment Plants) 35 1.5 3. Environment lab and monitoring (Air, Water Noise, Soil) 5 1.50 4. Occupational Health (PPE) 5 0.50 5. Green Belt 2 1 6. Onsite safety Messures (Bird Hit & etc) 15 1.0 Total 72 6.5 ******* Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 244 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 11 Summary & Conclusion Project !O#$%&'(&)!*+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:4 !"#P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 11: Summary & conclusion Chapter 11: Summary and Conclusion 11.0 Introduction With its proposed holistic development, Surat Airport will be set to achieve a fully fledged International Status with a capacity to handle more than a Million passengers yearly and a ranking among top 30 busy Airports in India. The present proposal involves holistic development of the Surat airport including Extension of Terminal Building, Apron and Construction of Parallel Taxi Track, and allied works. The details of environmental setting & Google image showing the project site and surrounding features of study area is given in Table 1.3 & figure-1.1, respectively, in Chapter 1. 11.1. Description of the Project Project Details The salient features of the project are given below:- Table 11.1: Summary of project features S. No Particulars Details 1. Details of Project Proponent Airports Authority of India 2. Nature of Project Holistic Development of Surat Airport 3. Geographical Coordinates (ARP) a. Latitude 21° 7' 3.57" N b. Longitude 72° 44' 42.93" E c. SOI Toposheet No. 46C/12 4. Present Land use at Airport Commercial 5. Environmental Settings Details (with approx. aerial distance & direction from the project site boundary) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 246 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 S. No Particulars Details a. Nearest Town/village Magdalla :- 0.7 km towards NNE b. Nearest Highway/Major Road SH-168: Adjacent to the Airport Boundary SH-197: 13.0 km towards NNE SH-170: 12. 0 km towards ENE NH-6: 9.2 km towards W SH-169: 13.9 km towards NNE c. Nearest Railway Station Surat Railway Station : 14.0 km towards NE d. Nearest Airport Daman Airport : 76.0 km towards S Bhavnagar Airport : 91.2 km towards NW Vadodara Airport : 144 km towards NNE e. Major Water Bodies Tapi River- 2.7 Km towards NNW Mindhola River - 6.4 Km towards S Tena River - 10.0 Km towards NNW f. Inland, coastal, marine or Coastal area of Arabian Sea- 3.2 Km towards underground waters SW g. RF/ PF/ Wildlife Sanctuary, Hazira Bird Sanctuary (Non-Notified) 11.4 km national Park, Elephant Corridor, towards WSW Tiger Reserve etc There is no wildlife sanctuary in within 10 km radius study area of project site. h. Areas protected under international Dargah known as Khawaja Dana Saheb's conventions, national or local Rouza - 11.8 Km towards NE legislation for their ecological, Tomb of Khawaja Safar Sulemani landscape, cultural or other related (Khudawand Khan Rojo) -13.0 Km towards value NE Old Englis Tombs -13.72 Km towards NE Old Dutch & Armenian Tombs & Cemeteries - 13.73 Km towards NE i. Seismic Zone Zone III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone) 6. Proposed development works a. Expansion of Apron 15 bays Length/dimension b. Proposed Parallel Taxi Track 30 x 2906 M c. Expansion of Total Area 25500 Sqm Terminal Building Total Capacity 1800 (1200 Dom. + 600 Int.) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 247 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 S. No Particulars Details Total Car 500 car park + 200 scooter Parking 7. Total Capital Cost: Rs. 353.25 Crore/- project Recurring cost: Rs. 1.0 Crore/- cost The details of existing and the proposed project are given in Table 1.2 in Chapter 1 & and the master plan showing the ultimate development is shown in Figure 2.1 in Chapter 2. Project Requirements Table 11.2: Project Requirement S. No. Particular Description 1. Total Plot Area 784.37 acres (No change) 2. Water requirement & its source Daily total water requirement: 807 KLD Fresh water requirement: 301 KLD Recycled Water requirement: 506 KLD Source: SMC supply 3. Electricity requirement & its source Connected load : 4045 KW (Existing: 2000 KW; Proposed : 2045 KW) 4. Transformers Total: 6 nos. (Existing: 3 ; Proposed : 3) 5. Power Backup DG Set 6. Energy saving measures Proposed Solar power plant of capacity of 250 KW Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 248 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 11.2. Description of Environment The baseline environmental quality of air, water, soil, noise, socio-economic status and ecology has been assessed during the period of Mach 2019 to May, 2019 in the study area of project site. 11.2.1. Base Line Data Ambient Air Quality: Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of one day per week at eight locations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by NAAQS standard 2009 and found that all the parameters are well within the norms. Detailed ambient air samples results are mentioned in Chapter 3. Major highlights of the results are mentioned below: Pre Monsoon Season (Mach 2019 to May, 2019) 3 3 o PM 10 found to be varying between 76.80 )!"# to 128.1 )!"# . 3 3 o PM2.5 found to be varying between 35.9 )!"# to 58.4 )!"# 3 3 o SO2, found to be varying between 8.7 )!"# to 17.5 )!"# 3 3 o NO2 found to vary between 18.5 )!"# to 35.6 )!"# o CO found to be varying between 810 )!"#3 to 1530 )!"#3 Water quality: Ground water and surface water sample have been considered in and around the project site taking in to account the various uses, these water resources are put to. The water quality was found within the permissible limits. Pre Monsoon Season (Mach 2019 to May, 2019) Ground water o pH : 7.19 to 7.91 Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 249 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 o Chlorides : 378 mg/l to 610 mg/l. o Total Alkalinity : 570 mg/l to 310 mg/l. Surface Water o pH : 7.85 to 7.94. o Dissolved oxygen : 5.8 mg/l to 6.1 mg/l o BOD : 8.0 mg/l to 11 mg/l. Noise Levels The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at eight locations covering 10 km study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24-hrs. Day time: 49.5 dB (A) to 68.7dB (A) Night time: 37.4 dB (A) to 56.8 dB (A) Soil Quality: Samples collected from identified locations indicate pH value ranged 7.68 to 8.23 (pre-monsoon), which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Organic Matter ranged from 0.48% to 0.71 %. Soil Texture observed in the impact zone is predominantly Sandy Clay Loam & Loam 11.2.2. Biological Environment Core Zone Flora: Project site possess plantation / greenbelt as well as natural vegetation. There are about 984 trees in core zone covering 784.37 acres. Fauna: Among fauna, greenbelt area of the project site observed with Five Striped Squirrel and some common bird species. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 250 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 Buffer Zone: Buffer zone mainly encompasses Surat city area, urban area, costal area, Mango orchards, agriculture land, and waste land, village ponds habitats which supports several floral and faunal species. Flora: Buffer zone of the project area has been reported with the 151 plant species which includes 49 tree species, 26 shrubs, 68 herbs and 8 grasses species. Fauna: Buffer zone is recorded with 39 species of birds / avifauna, 05 mammals and 11 species of herpetofauna. Status of Threatened and Endemic Biodiversity Among flora, no species found to be rare / threatened. Among the birds in the study area, Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus) is included in schedule I of Wild life protection Act (1972), while many other birds are included in schedule IV. Among the reptiles, Indian Cobra (Naja naja), and Common Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as per Schedule- II of Wild life protection Act, (1972). Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), is a scheduleMII mammals. Among Herpetofauna, common Indian Monitor Lizard found in buffer zone is included in schedule I of Wild life protection Act (1972). Hares and five stripped squirrels are included in schedule IV of Wild Life Protection act 1972. 11.2.3. Socio-Economic Environment According to Census 2011, total population of the study area is 4936501 individuals. The males constitute of 57.03 % and females are 42.96 %. The 0-6 population constitute of 12.28 per cent. The literate total population of the study area is 3797033 which constitute to be 76.91 per cent. The male literacy with respect to male population is 80.30 per cent and female literacy total 672.42 per cent with respect to female population in the study area. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 251 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 The non- literate total population of the study area is 1139468 which constitute to be 23.08 per cent. The male non-literacy with respect to male population is 19.69 per cent and female non-literacy total 27.57per cent with respect to female population in the study area. The total working population of the study area is 2002832 accounting to be 40.57 per cent. From the total working population the main workers constitute of 96.09 per cent and marginal working population is 3.90 per cent. The majority of the main population in the study area is engaged in agriculture and related activities. In the study area people are also occupied in other works like government services, private jobs, manufacturing, retailing etc. 11.2.4. Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER): AAI, Surat will implement a comprehensive CER plan, which will be focused upon improving education facilities, Health & Sanitation, Community infrastructure etc in the nearby areas & also cover issues raised during public hearing to be held. An amount of Rs. 3.024 Crore/- has been earmarked for the same as per office memorandum dated 1st May 2018 (MoEF&CC). 11.3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed expansion and mitigation measures are given below. The potential environmental impacts due to the proposed project have been assessed in detail. These include impact on air quality, noise, water quality, solid waste, ecology and socio economics, etc. The modelling and analysis of the data indicate that the predicted impacts are minimal and are within the prescribed norms and standards. Comprehensive mitigation measures have been incorporated in the environmental management plan to ensure that the environmental quality is protected and enhanced. These have been summarised in Table 11.3. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 252 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 Table 11.3: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Discipline Potential Impacts/Issues Mitigative Measures Remarks Construction Phase Air Quality Increase in dust and NOx Sprinkling of water in The impact is likely to be for concentration the construction area short duration and confined and paving of unpaved locally to the construction site roads itself. Water Quality Increase in suspended solids due Temporary - to soil run-off during heavy sedimentation pond rainfall. will be constructed Noise Levels Increase in noise level Equipment will be kept Workers will be provided in good condition to necessary protective keep the noise level equipment e.g. ear plug, ear- within 90 dB(A). muffs Solid & Generation of domestic sewage, Proper care will be Will be disposed suitably as hazardous waste construction waste etc. taken in segregating per applicable rules & type of wastes and maintaining waste. areas in a clean pest free state. Terrestrial Clearing of Vegetation Plantation will be done The area being an aviation Ecology along with construction zone, impact on terrestrial of project fauna will be negligible. Socio-economics Migration of skilled and Mostly local man unskilled labour power is proposed to be deployed. Hence no significant impact is envisaged. Operation Phase Air Quality Increase in CO, HC and NOx Methods of abatement The resultant concentrations levels in the ambient air suggested in the EIA after superimposing on the report will be maximum ground level employed for the air concentrations indicate that the pollution control at the resultant levels would be well source level. within the prescribed Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 253 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 Discipline Potential Impacts/Issues Mitigative Measures Remarks standards. Water Quality Risk of contamination of ground Adequate treatment The wastewater after treatment or surface water facilities will be will be reused to maximum provided so that the possible extent. Hence, no treated effluents significant impact is envisaged conform to the because of the project. regulatory standards. No waste water will be Domestic waste water disposed off outside project generated from airport premises. operations & residential facilities will be treated in proposed STPs Noise Increase in noise levels A noise management Adequate measures as per program as per guidelines will be adopted to abatement measures keep noise levels within suggested in the EMP prescribed limit after will be implemented. implementation of the project. Solid & Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); - Will be disposed suitably as hazardous Waste Construction, deplaned waste; per applicable rules & type of compostable waste; hazardous waste. and industrial waste; and lavatory waste. Terrestrial Interaction of wildlife and Greenbelt will be As emissions will be within Ecology aircraft operation developed limits, no active injury to the vegetation is envisaged Socio- Strain on resources and Local people will be Positive social changes are Economics infrastructure facilities given preference as per anticipated which leads to eligibility. regional development Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 254 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 11.4. Environmental Monitoring Programme A comprehensive monitoring program of environmental quality parameters is suggested underneath. Details are as under:- Table 11.4: Monitoring Program of Environmental Quality Parameters S. No Particulars Details The ground level concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 CO & NOX in the ambient air shall be monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise shall be 1. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring investigated to identify the causes and appropriate action shall be initiated. Green cover shall be developed for minimising dust propagation. The emissions from all the DG stacks shall be monitored regularly. The exit gas temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations shall be 2. DG Stack Monitoring measured. Any unacceptable deviation from the design values shall be thoroughly examined and appropriate action shall be taken. Air blowers shall be checked for any drop in exit gas velocity. 3. Water and Wastewater Quality To ensure a strict control over the water Monitoring and Data Analysis consumption, flow meters will be installed for all major inlets. In addition, periodic water audits shall be conducted to explore further possibilities for water conservation. Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) is recommended. 4. Noise Levels Noise levels in the work zone environment will be monitored. The frequency will be once in a month in the work zone. Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations shall also be monitored once in three months. Audiometric tests will be conducted Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 255 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 S. No Particulars Details periodically for the employees working close to the high noise sources. 11.5. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Airport emergency planning is the process of preparing an airport to cope with an emergency occurring at the airport or in its vicinity. The object of airport emergency planning is to minimize the effects of an emergency, particularly in respect of saving lives and maintaining aircraft operations. The airport emergency plan sets forth the procedures for coordinating the response of different airport agencies (or services) and those agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to the emergency. The DMP plan prepared in accordance with the Civil Aviation requirement laid down by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), the National Disaster Management Act, 2005, the National Building Code as well as various code provisions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Airport Service Manual, Part-7 has been prepared & is detailed in Chapter 7. 11.6. Project Benefits The proposed holistic development project will lead to direct and indirect benefits to the overall socio-economic status of the region also. During construction phase, there will be opportunities for local skilled and unskilled workers to be employed in the various construction related activities like material handling, operation of construction machinery, actual construction, painting, installation of plant machinery, etc. At the same time, local small contractors, vehicle owners, machinery owners will get substantial amount of business for providing their services. The construction activity and influx of visitors will also open up opportunities for setting up establishments like lodging, telephone, kiosks, small shops etc. in the vicinity of the airport. These may be considered indirect benefits due to the project in the area. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 256 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 The project will further improve this status of unemployment and provide opportunities to the unemployed population. 11.7. Environment Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims at the preservation of ecological system by considering in-built pollution abatement facilities at the project site. Some of the major criteria governing the environmental measures will be adopted, and the same is described in ensuring paragraphs. The Director (Environment) will be responsible for environment management activities in the proposed expansion project. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz. source emission monitoring, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. Air Environment The main source of emissions during the operation phase will be the vehicular movement within site and stack emissions from DG sets installed for power back up. The control measures will include development of proper traffic management plan and provision of adequate stack heights for DG sets and compliance with the ICAO standards in operating the aircraft. The following implementation mechanism will be adopted: o Registration of vehicles will be done to estimate the adequacy of parking facilities o The internal road design of the airport with proper sections, medians and intersections will be as per the relevant IRC: 64 (India Road Congress) codes in order to ensure smooth traffic flow o Road signage will be provided to facilitate smooth flow of traffic o Scientifically designed traffic signaling system will be provided within the site boundary o DG sets in the airside area shall run on the low sulfur diesel. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 257 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 Noise Environment The noise emissions will be due to the vehicular movement within site and aircraft operation and DG set operation during emergency power failure season. The following implementation mechanism will be adopted: o Appropriate traffic infrastructure facilities will be provided to avoid traffic congestion and excessive honking. o The noise levels will be monitored on a regular basis to check the efficacy of the mitigation measures. o The site in-charge of the environment management cell will continuously keep record of all the aircrafts, so that the noisiest aircraft operation can immediately be restricted. Water Environment The mitigation measures for the water environment will include appropriate treatment of wastewater in a sewage treatment plant, reduction of fresh water demand by using the treated domestic effluent to the maximum extent possible and collection and use of rainwater to recharge the ground water level. The implementation of mitigation measures will be ensured in the following manner: o Installation of water meter as per ISO standards at the inlet point of the water uptake and the discharge point to monitor daily consumption o By monitoring the groundwater level for the pre monsoon and post monsoon season to estimate the drawdown curve o By carrying out regular inspection and cleaning of storm water drains o By maintaining and cleaning the rain water harvesting structures regularly to facilitate the collection and recharging of ground water Land Environment The project activities will lead to generation of waste. A detailed waste management plan has been developed for the site which includes waste segregation, treatment and disposal. Visual inspection of bins, segregation yard and inventorisation of waste being treated and disposed off will be maintained. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 258 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project %&O()*+,"+-&./0/*)12/3"&)4&56 !"&7+ 1) "8&!"&56 !"&93"/ 3!"+)3!*&7+ 1) "8&56 !"&:;6 11.8. Conclusions It has been observed that the improvement in air connectivity has brought tremendous benefits to users of air transport services by: Reducing time spent in transit. Increasing the frequency of service. Allowing for shorter waiting times and better targeting of departure and arrival times. Improving the quality of service, such as reliability, punctuality and quality of the travel experience. Improvements in connectivity will effectively contribute to the economic performance of the wider economy through enhancing its overall level of productivity. The proposed holistic development of Surat airport is not likely to affect the environment or adjacent ecosystem adversely. ******* Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 259 Report Ref: GESPL/AAI_Surat /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, *+,-(!./+0-,-(1P Promoter : Airports Authority of India Chapter 12 Disclosure of Consultants engaged Project !OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 12: Disclosure of consultant Chapter 12 Disclosure of Consultant Engaged Declaration by Experts contributing to the Project: Proposed OHolistic Development of Surat AirportP located at Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat) Site Address : Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat) Promoter : M/s Airports Authority of India I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above project for grant of Environmental Clearance. EIA coordinator : Airports (7a) Name : Mr. Vipul Khandelwal Signature and Date : Contact information: Address : Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. #102, SNG, Shri Ratna Apartment, Peetal factory, Banipark, Jhotwara road, Jaipur-302016 Mobile No. : 0141-4029115 E-mail : [email protected] Status of accreditation with : Listed on S. No. 67 of List of Accredited EIA consultants (as on September 2019) Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 261 Report Ref: GESPL/AAIS /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project"#OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 12: Disclosure of consultant Functional area experts: Functional Name of the Involvement (period and task**) Signature and areas expert/s date Mr. Pawan Sut Selecting parameters for monitoring. AP* Sharma Identifying and assessing quantum of Ms. Ginni Barotia emissions. Identification of probable impacts of the different air emissions from the project Identification of suitable pollution control device. WP* Mr. Pradyumna Designing of water balance and Arvind Deshpande developing schemes for cascading use Ms. Pooja Bunker- (recycle, reuse) of water FAA Identification of probable impacts of effluent/ waste water discharges in to the receiving environment/ water bodies SHW* Ms. Ginni Barotia Identification of wastes as per applicable rules & guidelines. Suggesting measures for handling waste. Suggesting methodologies for segregation, collection & disposal of C&D waste, Solid waste 7 hazardous waste as per applicable rules & guidelines. SE* Mr. Kapil Sharma Conducting baseline socio-economic Mr. Vinod Kumar survey. Verma-FAA Conduct social needs assessment studies Preparing need-based CSR plan. EB* Mr. Abhishek Gautam To survey flora M fauna. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 262 Report Ref: GESPL/AAIS /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project"#OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 12: Disclosure of consultant To identify ecologically important areas around project location. To identify threatened species in the project area. To identify impact of proposed project on flora M fauna. To recommend mitigations / greenbelt development Geo Mr. Mukesh Suroliya Mr. Vidya Bhushan Trivedi HG* Mr. Mukesh Analysis of surface hydrological data Suroliya Computation of ground water recharge, Mr. Vidya Bhushan flow rate and direction. Trivedi SC* Mr. Pradyumna Arvind Deshpande AQ* Mr. Mallikarjuna Analyzing micro meteorological data Murthy Guttula for use in modeling Collecting and using secondary data on meteorology like cloud cover, inversion related data, mixing heights etc., for modeling Application of relevant air quality models in prediction of dispersion of pollutants, Plotting of isopleths of GLCs representing incremental pollution levels, on suitable maps showing both, the sources of pollution as well as the environmentally sensitive receptors. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 263 Report Ref: GESPL/AAIS /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project"#OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 12: Disclosure of consultant NV* Mr. Pawan Sut Impacts of noise on fauna from Sharma projects in ecologically sensitive Mr. Haneesh PR areas Probable impacts of noise and on communities, buildings, structures etc. Control of noise emanating from project activities. LU* Mr. Kapil Sharma Generation and analysis of data related Mr. Vinod Kumar to land use pattern Verma-FAA Integration of land use related data/ information for assessing environmental impacts of developmental projects Assessment of land use and land cover. RH* Mr. Pawan Sut Assessment and mitigation of probable Sharma impacts. Ms. Ginni Barotia Suggesting PPE for workers. Measures for risk assessment. *One TM against each FAE may be shown **Please attach additional sheet if required Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/authorized person Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/authorized person I, Vipul Khandelwal hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Draft EIA/EMP report of proposed OHolistic Development of Surat AirportP located at Surat International Airport, Magdalla - Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat), promoted by Airports Authority of India for Environmental Clearance. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement. Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 264 Report Ref: GESPL/AAIS /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project"#OHolistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)P Promoter: Airports Authority of India Chapter 12: Disclosure of consultant Signature: Name : Mr. Vipul Khandelwal Designation : Director Name of the EIA consultant organization : Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt Ltd NABET Certificate no. & Issue Date : NABET/EIA/1720/IA0026: June 12, 2017 ********** Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Page 265 Report Ref: GESPL/AAIS /EIA/256 Rev No. 00 Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURES Project !O#$%&'(&) Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, *+,-(!./+0-,-(1P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE I Copy of Terms of Reference Letter Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE II 10 Km Toposheet of Study Area Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE III Master Plan Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE IV Environmental Monitoring reports Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May 2019) Location: AQ1( Near Project site) 3 3 PM10, PM2.5 SO2 (µg/m ) , NOx CO (µg/m ) 3 3 3 S. No Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (as NO ),µg/m IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 98.5 45.9 13.6 27.8 1120 2 04.03.2019 112.5 51.2 15.4 29.6 1090 3 08.03.2019 96.5 46.5 13.9 28.8 1210 4 11.03.2019 90.8 43.5 15.8 30.6 1160 5 16.03.2019 105.6 47.8 17.4 32.3 1050 6 20.03.2019 98.4 48.5 15.8 30.6 1310 7 24.03.2019 120.1 53.4 14.9 28.1 1160 8 28.03.2019 114.6 48.9 16.1 31.3 1290 9 02.04.2019 99.8 46.8 14.6 28.0 1070 10 06.04.2019 106.5 47.4 16.5 30.6 1230 11 10.04.2019 115.4 50.4 13.5 28.3 1150 12 14.04.2019 109.5 47.4 12.6 27.1 1270 13 18.04.2019 98.7 45.9 15.6 30.3 1310 14 22.04.2019 113.2 47.8 17.4 33.1 1150 15 26.04.2019 121.6 55.4 13.9 27.6 1050 16 30.04.2019 110.2 49.8 14.6 29.8 1240 17 02.05.2019 97.8 46.5 16.2 31.6 1180 18 06.05.2019 105.8 48.4 15.2 29.1 1250 19 10.05.2019 117.4 49.8 16.9 32.1 1080 20 14.05.2019 112.6 50.4 14.8 29.8 1230 21 18.05.2019 110.8 46.9 17.5 33.3 1140 22 22.05.2019 104.5 44.7 16.5 31.0 1240 23 26.05.2019 116.5 47.8 14.9 29.6 1100 24 30.05.2019 108.5 45.6 15.8 31.6 1160 minimum 90.8 43.5 12.6 27.1 1050.0 maximum 121.6 55.4 17.5 33.3 1310.0 average 107.7 48.2 15.4 30.1 1176.7 98 Percentile 120.9 54.5 17.5 33.2 1310.0 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May 2019) Location: AQ-2(Dumas) 3 3 3 3 PM10,µg/m PM2.5 SO2 µg/m , NOx (as NO ),µg/m CO, µg/m 3 S. No Date µg/m IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 99.6 45.1 13.5 27.7 1280 2 04.03.2019 101.7 47.3 12.7 27.0 1220 3 08.03.2019 97.0 43.4 12.0 25.2 1290 4 11.03.2019 104.7 49.6 11.1 23.2 1340 5 16.03.2019 100.5 48.3 12.1 25.0 1270 6 20.03.2019 98.5 44.9 12.7 27.2 1200 7 24.03.2019 99.0 50.2 12.0 25.1 1270 8 28.03.2019 95.4 45.0 13.6 29.1 1530 9 02.04.2019 98.0 45.5 11.9 26.2 1380 10 06.04.2019 104.0 52.2 12.8 28.0 1290 11 10.04.2019 96.2 46.7 12.0 26.3 1200 12 14.04.2019 101.0 50.5 10.9 24.2 1270 13 18.04.2019 98.7 49.5 12.0 26.0 1340 14 22.04.2019 96.8 48.8 12.5 28.0 1310 15 26.04.2019 94.5 46.4 11.8 23.1 1370 16 30.04.2019 104.5 47.0 12.7 26.0 1290 17 02.05.2019 99.0 50.1 12.0 25.3 1180 18 06.05.2019 102.0 52.2 11.1 23.7 1360 19 10.05.2019 97.5 49.4 12.4 27.0 1470 20 14.05.2019 105.0 53.2 11.8 25.3 1300 21 18.05.2019 101.4 48.1 13.4 29.2 1220 22 22.05.2019 97.5 46.0 12.8 27.7 1210 23 26.05.2019 102.5 48.8 12.0 26.0 1370 24 30.05.2019 98.2 47.0 12.9 27.4 1470 minimum 94.5 43.4 10.9 23.1 1180.0 maximum 105.0 53.2 13.6 29.2 1530.0 average 99.7 48.1 12.3 26.2 1309.6 98 Percentile 104.9 52.7 13.6 29.2 1502.4 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May 2019) Location: AQ-3 (Habitation-SW) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO 3 3 3 3 3 S. No Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 88.6 37.2 10.5 24.7 980 2 04.03.2019 90.4 43.4 12.1 26.3 1050 3 08.03.2019 85.6 38.2 10.3 25.6 960 4 11.03.2019 95.4 44.4 9.6 23.0 1120 5 16.03.2019 81.2 36.5 10.5 24.7 950 6 20.03.2019 89.6 39.2 9.8 23.6 1040 7 24.03.2019 90.4 41.2 11.1 25.5 960 8 28.03.2019 85.4 40.2 10.5 26.6 1120 9 02.04.2019 92.1 45.0 9.6 23.0 1060 10 06.04.2019 90.6 43.2 12.1 25.7 1140 11 10.04.2019 86.4 40.7 9.8 23.3 1110 12 14.04.2019 88.4 38.5 9.2 22.8 980 13 18.04.2019 91.7 44.5 10.4 24.6 970 14 22.04.2019 89.5 42.4 9.5 23.7 1080 15 26.04.2019 90.6 43.7 11.1 26.7 1140 16 30.04.2019 94.5 45.1 9.8 23.0 980 17 02.05.2019 88.6 41.7 10.5 25.3 1070 18 06.05.2019 82.9 38.2 9.7 23.6 1210 19 10.05.2019 87.4 41.2 10.6 24.6 1150 20 14.05.2019 94.6 43.4 9.6 22.8 1060 21 18.05.2019 90.4 40.4 10.7 25.6 1120 22 22.05.2019 93.1 44.5 11.1 26.6 970 23 26.05.2019 90.1 44.7 9.6 23.0 1060 24 30.05.2019 82.5 39.5 10.1 24.9 1110 minimum 81.2 36.5 9.2 22.8 950.0 maximum 95.4 45.1 12.1 26.7 1210.0 average 89.2 41.5 10.3 24.6 1057.9 98 Percentile 95.0 45.1 12.1 26.7 1182.4 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May 2019) Location: AQ-4 (Habitation-NE) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO 3 3 3 3 3 S. No Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 92.8 40.5 12.3 28.8 1220 2 04.03.2019 94.9 42.7 11.5 28.1 1160 3 08.03.2019 90.2 38.8 10.8 26.3 1230 4 11.03.2019 97.9 45.0 9.9 24.3 1280 5 16.03.2019 93.7 43.7 10.9 26.1 1210 6 20.03.2019 91.7 40.3 11.5 28.3 1140 7 24.03.2019 92.2 45.6 10.8 26.2 1210 8 28.03.2019 88.6 40.4 12.4 30.2 1450 9 02.04.2019 91.2 40.9 10.7 27.3 1300 10 06.04.2019 97.2 47.6 11.6 29.1 1210 11 10.04.2019 89.4 42.1 10.8 27.4 1120 12 14.04.2019 94.2 45.9 9.7 25.3 1190 13 18.04.2019 91.9 44.9 10.8 27.1 1260 14 22.04.2019 90.0 44.2 11.3 29.1 1230 15 26.04.2019 87.7 41.8 10.6 24.2 1290 16 30.04.2019 97.7 42.4 11.5 27.1 1210 17 02.05.2019 92.2 45.5 10.8 26.4 1100 18 06.05.2019 95.2 47.6 9.9 24.8 1280 19 10.05.2019 90.7 44.8 11.2 28.1 1390 20 14.05.2019 98.2 48.6 10.6 26.4 1220 21 18.05.2019 94.6 43.5 12.2 30.3 1140 22 22.05.2019 90.7 41.4 11.6 28.8 1130 23 26.05.2019 95.7 44.2 10.8 27.1 1290 24 30.05.2019 91.4 42.4 11.7 28.5 1390 minimum 87.7 38.8 9.7 24.2 1100.0 maximum 98.2 48.6 12.4 30.3 1450.0 average 92.9 43.5 11.1 27.3 1235.4 98 Percentile 98.1 48.1 12.4 30.3 1422.4 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May 2019) Location: AQ-5 (Abhawa) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO (µg/m3) (µg/m3) µg/m3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) S. No Date ( ) IS:5182:Pt- Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 23 2 1 02.03.2019 90.5 46.5 10.6 22.6 1060 2 04.03.2019 87.9 43.8 12.4 24.1 1250 3 08.03.2019 96.5 48.9 11.3 22.9 1130 4 11.03.2019 90.4 46.7 10.6 21.9 1070 5 16.03.2019 88.4 44.5 9.9 22.4 1250 6 20.03.2019 86.5 42.9 10.6 23.1 1140 7 24.03.2019 90.4 46.5 12.2 25.1 1310 8 28.03.2019 95.4 49.5 11.4 23.6 1220 9 02.04.2019 91.4 47.4 10.6 21.8 1160 10 06.04.2019 88.4 40.9 12.4 24.1 1050 11 10.04.2019 90.4 43.8 11.5 23.6 1280 12 14.04.2019 87.6 42.1 11.6 21.9 1140 13 18.04.2019 95.4 48.5 9.8 20.8 1010 14 22.04.2019 90.6 46.7 10.5 22.6 1240 15 26.04.2019 87.6 42.8 9.7 21.6 1060 16 30.04.2019 89.4 44.6 11.4 24.1 1140 17 02.05.2019 91.4 45.8 10.6 23.6 1320 18 06.05.2019 96.5 47.8 12.2 25.1 1150 19 10.05.2019 91.5 45.6 9.8 22.6 1180 20 14.05.2019 93.4 48.4 10.6 26.1 1060 21 18.05.2019 88.4 43.4 9.7 22.8 1240 22 22.05.2019 89.4 42.8 11.4 25.1 1180 23 26.05.2019 91.7 44.7 9.6 23.6 1310 24 30.05.2019 93.4 47.5 10.8 24.6 1140 minimum 86.5 40.9 9.6 20.8 1010.0 maximum 96.5 49.5 12.4 26.1 1320.0 average 90.9 45.5 10.9 23.3 1170.4 98 Percentile 96.5 49.2 12.4 25.6 1315.4 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May, 2019) Location: AQ-6 (Bhatpur) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO S. 3 3 3 3 3 Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) No IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 80.6 37.9 10.1 21.5 1020 2 04.03.2019 83.6 39.5 9.2 18.9 980 3 08.03.2019 79.5 36.4 10.5 22.2 1110 4 11.03.2019 84.5 40.5 9.8 19.6 960 5 16.03.2019 80.6 38.6 11.3 24.1 1040 6 20.03.2019 85.4 42.1 10.8 21.8 950 7 24.03.2019 78.9 37.5 9.8 19.5 980 8 28.03.2019 84.1 41.2 10.6 22.1 1040 9 02.04.2019 80.6 38.1 11.4 24.5 1090 10 06.04.2019 83.4 40.1 9.6 21.6 1110 11 10.04.2019 81.4 38.4 10.5 23.6 960 12 14.04.2019 78.9 36.9 11.5 25.1 920 13 18.04.2019 84.9 41.5 9.6 20.4 1060 14 22.04.2019 86.5 43.6 9.2 19.5 980 15 26.04.2019 80.1 39.5 10.4 22.1 1120 16 30.04.2019 79.5 37.8 9.8 20.4 1060 17 02.05.2019 82.5 40.6 11.2 24.6 1090 18 06.05.2019 84.6 42.9 10.5 22.8 950 19 10.05.2019 86.5 44.1 10.1 23.5 1040 20 14.05.2019 79.8 38.4 9.6 19.8 1100 21 18.05.2019 77.9 36.8 10.6 21.7 980 22 22.05.2019 81.4 40.5 11.5 26.1 1090 23 26.05.2019 83.5 42.6 10.6 23.5 950 24 30.05.2019 81.6 39.6 9.8 21.4 1070 minimum 77.9 36.4 9.2 18.9 920.0 maximum 86.5 44.1 11.5 26.1 1120.0 average 82.1 39.8 10.3 22.1 1027.1 98 Percentile 86.5 43.9 11.5 25.6 1115.4 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May, 2019) Location: AQ-7 (Surat) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO 3 3 3 3 3 S. No Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 105.2 53.6 15.6 30.7 1250 2 04.03.2019 116.4 56.4 14.6 28.8 1360 3 08.03.2019 120.4 58.4 14.8 32.8 1290 4 11.03.2019 111.2 50.9 13.9 28.8 1350 5 16.03.2019 109.5 49.8 15.4 34.4 1510 6 20.03.2019 105.6 51.4 15.2 31.1 1360 7 24.03.2019 114.5 53.4 13.6 29.6 1190 8 28.03.2019 123.6 57.6 14.9 28.1 1340 9 02.04.2019 122.4 54.9 13.8 28.7 1190 10 06.04.2019 128.1 58.4 15.6 31.1 1450 11 10.04.2019 120.4 52.9 14.9 28.7 1360 12 14.04.2019 116.5 48.9 16.2 32.6 1270 13 18.04.2019 122.5 51.7 13.5 29.1 1450 14 22.04.2019 114.5 48.7 15.8 33.6 1260 15 26.04.2019 109.6 50.4 14.9 30.6 1470 16 30.04.2019 102.5 49.6 16.2 32.6 1260 17 02.05.2019 116.5 52.9 15.4 30.1 1390 18 06.05.2019 119.4 55.6 16.5 35.6 1420 19 10.05.2019 114.0 50.8 15.4 32.6 1190 20 14.05.2019 110.2 49.2 16.5 31.3 1320 21 18.05.2019 115.4 52.7 13.8 28.8 1420 22 22.05.2019 104.6 48.6 15.4 31.1 1150 23 26.05.2019 115.4 54.6 13.5 29.3 1310 24 30.05.2019 119.2 57.6 15.4 31.6 1410 minimum 102.5 48.6 13.5 28.1 1150.0 maximum 128.1 58.4 16.5 35.6 1510.0 average 114.9 52.9 15.0 30.9 1332.1 98 Percentile 126.0 58.4 16.5 35.0 1491.6 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May, 2019) Location: AQ-8 (Near Hazira Sanctuary/R.F) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO 3 3 3 3 3 S. No. Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 79.5 37.6 11.3 23.1 950 2 04.03.2019 81.6 39.8 10.5 22.4 890 3 08.03.2019 76.9 35.9 9.8 20.6 960 4 11.03.2019 84.6 42.1 8.9 18.6 850 5 16.03.2019 80.4 40.8 9.9 20.4 940 6 20.03.2019 78.4 37.4 10.5 22.6 870 7 24.03.2019 80.4 41.6 9.8 20.5 940 8 28.03.2019 76.8 36.4 11.4 24.5 870 9 02.04.2019 79.4 36.9 9.7 21.6 910 10 06.04.2019 85.4 43.6 10.6 23.4 960 11 10.04.2019 77.6 38.1 9.8 21.7 870 12 14.04.2019 82.4 41.9 8.7 19.6 940 13 18.04.2019 80.1 39.8 9.8 21.4 890 14 22.04.2019 79.5 40.2 10.3 23.4 980 15 26.04.2019 77.4 37.8 9.6 18.5 870 16 30.04.2019 79.6 38.4 10.5 21.4 960 17 02.05.2019 80.4 41.5 9.8 20.7 850 18 06.05.2019 83.4 43.6 8.9 19.1 910 19 10.05.2019 80.4 40.8 10.2 22.4 870 20 14.05.2019 86.4 44.6 9.6 20.7 970 21 18.05.2019 81.6 39.5 11.2 24.6 890 22 22.05.2019 78.9 37.4 10.6 23.1 960 23 26.05.2019 81.4 40.2 9.8 21.4 830 24 30.05.2019 80.7 38.4 10.7 22.8 980 minimum 76.8 35.9 8.7 18.5 830.0 maximum 86.4 44.6 11.4 24.6 980.0 average 80.6 39.8 10.1 21.6 912.9 98 Percentile 85.9 44.1 11.4 24.6 980.0 NAAQS (For 24 hourly 100 60 80 80 4000 monitoring except CO) Holistic Development of Surat Airport, Magdalla, Surat, Gujarat Ambient Air Quality Data (March to May, 2019) Location: AQ-9 (Hazira Mangroves) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (as NO ) CO 3 3 3 3 3 S. No Date (µg/m ) (µg/m ) ( µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) IS:5182:Pt-23 Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-2 IS:5182:Pt-6 IS:5182:Pt-10 1 02.03.2019 86.0 41.1 9.9 25.6 840 2 04.03.2019 91.9 44.2 11.2 26.4 810 3 08.03.2019 83.9 38.2 9.2 24.1 940 4 11.03.2019 86.8 40.2 11.1 25.4 960 5 16.03.2019 91.9 42.2 10.2 27.1 840 6 20.03.2019 83.9 36.7 10.2 24.1 950 7 24.03.2019 82.3 41.1 9.4 23.9 940 8 28.03.2019 85.8 41.8 10.2 25.4 880 9 02.04.2019 90.8 40.5 8.9 23.9 950 10 06.04.2019 89.0 43.2 11.2 26.4 850 11 10.04.2019 85.8 40.2 9.4 23.4 980 12 14.04.2019 84.9 37.8 11.0 27.1 980 13 18.04.2019 90.0 43.5 9.3 22.9 890 14 22.04.2019 82.3 37.8 10.5 27.6 950 15 26.04.2019 84.8 40.2 11.0 24.9 870 16 30.04.2019 90.8 44.2 9.4 22.9 950 17 02.05.2019 86.0 39.2 11.0 26.5 840 18 06.05.2019 87.8 41.1 9.2 23.4 910 19 10.05.2019 85.5 39.8 10.0 25.8 850 20 14.05.2019 83.0 37.7 9.8 27.5 960 21 18.05.2019 81.3 36.2 10.1 25.4 840 22 22.05.2019 86.8 39.2 9.1 23.6 950 23 26.05.2019 83.0 37.1 9.7 26.1 870 24 30.05.2019 87.8 41.5 10.0 24.5 930 minimum 81.3 36.2 8.9 22.9 810.0 maximum 91.9 44.2 11.2 27.6 980.0 average 86.3 40.2 10.0 25.2 905.4 98 Percentile 91.9 44.2 11.2 27.6 980.0 NAAQS (For 24 hrly monitoring except 100 60 80 80 4000 CO) Gaviar Near Project site Dumas Habitation-SW S. No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 1 pH - 7.42 7.54 7.43 2 Temprature 0C 26.4 25.8 26.4 3 Turbidity NTU <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Magnesium mg/l 256 4 Hardness (CaCO3) 274 320 Total Alkalinity mg/l 432 5 (as CaCO3) 410 436 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 561 435 495 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 80 105 95 8 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.78 0.78 0.74 10 Sodium mg/l 210 210 175 11 Potassium mg/l 36 35 39 12 Salinity ppt 1.15 0.97 1.06 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 6.7 6.5 BOD mg/l <2 <2 <2 16 (3 Days at 27°C) 17 COD mg/l <4 <4 <4 18 Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.21 0.14 0.23 19 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.1 0.15 0.11 21 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 23 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected Not Detected (<2) 24 (<2) (<2) 25 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected Not Detected S. Habitation-NE Abhawa Bhatpur No. Parameter Unit GW4 GW5 GW6 1 pH - 7.39 7.19 7.28 2 Temprature 0C 26.4 24.5 25.3 3 Turbidity NTU <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Magnesium Hardness mg/l 4 (CaCO3) 261 278 310 Total Alkalinity mg/l 5 (as CaCO3) 390 398 480 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 475 431 378 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 97 120 128 8 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.68 0.69 0.71 10 Sodium mg/l 236 231 185 11 Potassium mg/l 30 45 41 12 Salinity ppt 1.03 0.99 0.90 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.5 6.8 6.4 BOD mg/l <2 <2 <2 16 (3 Days at 27°C) 17 COD mg/l <4 <4 <4 18 Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.17 0.11 0.14 19 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.11 0.13 0.14 21 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 23 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected (<2) Not Detected Not Detected 24 (<2) (<2) 25 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected Not Detected Near Hazira Hazira Surat S. Sanctuary/R.F Mangroves No. Parameter Unit GW7 GW8 GW9 1 pH - 7.52 7.91 7.88 2 Temprature 0C 25.8 24.1 23.4 3 Turbidity NTU <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Magnesium mg/l 219 4 Hardness (CaCO3) 342 374 Total Alkalinity mg/l 310 5 (as CaCO3) 540 570 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 395 610 594 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 101 145 136 8 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.85 0.91 0.84 10 Sodium mg/l 195 264 245 11 Potassium mg/l 32 42 51 12 Salinity ppt 0.89 1.36 1.31 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Dissolved mg/l 6.6 6.9 6.8 14 Oxygen BOD mg/l <2 <2 <2 16 (3 Days at 27°C) 17 COD mg/l <4 <4 <4 18 Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.15 0.22 0.16 19 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.14 0.09 0.11 21 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 23 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected (<2) Not Detected 24 (<2) (<2) 25 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml Not Detected Not Detected Not Detected Holistic Development of Surat Airport Magdalla Surat Gujarat Noise Quality data (April-2019) Location Location Name Zone classification Applicable CPCB Results Code (CPCB) standards Leq Leq Leq Leq Day Night Day Night N1 Gaviyar Near Project Commercial Area 65 55 68.7 Boundary 56.8 N2 Dumas Commercial Area 65 55 56.4 42.5 N3 Habitation Residential Area 55 45 54.1 38.9 N4 Habitation Residential Area 55 45 59.4 44.1 N5 Abhawa Commercial Area 65 55 57.1 40.4 N6 Bhatpur Commercial Area 65 55 58.4 41.2 N7 Surat Commercial Area 65 55 60.1 43.1 N8 Near Hazira Bird Silence Zone 50 40 50.4 Sanctuary 38.4 N9 Hazira Mangroves Silence Zone 50 40 49.5 37.4 Ambient Standards in Respect of Noise as per E(P)A 1986 Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 Holistic Development of Surat Airport Magdalla Surat Gujarat Surface Water Quality(April-2019) SW1 SW2 S. No. Parameter Unit (Tapi River (Tapi River Upstream) Downstream) 1 pH - 7.85 7.94 2 Temperature OC 24.8 25.4 3 Turbidity NTU 3.0 4.0 Magnesium mg/l 242 285 4 Hardness(CaCO3) 5 Total Alkalinity (asCaCO3) mg/l 690 710 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 468 489 7 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 245 261 8 Nitrate mg/l 1.4 1.61 9 Fluoride(as F) mg/l 0.68 0.75 10 Sodium mg/l 280 295 11 Potassium mg/l 68 74 12 Salinity ppt 1.22 1.31 13 Total Nitrogen mg/l 2.98 3.12 14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.1 5.8 15 BOD(3 Days at 27°C) mg/l 8.0 11.0 16 COD mg/l 28 37 17 Iron (Fe) mg/l 1.15 1.25 18 Copper(Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 19 Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.87 0.96 20 Cadmium(Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 21 Lead(Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 22 Nickel (Ni) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 23 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 500 700 24 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml 210 260 Holistic Development of Surat Airport Magdalla Surat Gujarat Soil Quality Data (April-2019) S1 S2 S3 S. Gaviyar Parameter Unit No Near Project Dumas Habitation Boundary Sandy Clay Sandy Clay 1 Texture - Sandy Clay Loam Loam Loam 2 Sand % 54.9 55.6 52.9 3 Silt % 21.5 20.8 22.5 4 clay % 23.6 23.6 24.6 5 pH (1:2) - 7.74 7.85 7.88 Electrical µmhos/cm 6 Conductivity 210 197 246 Water Holding 7 Capacity % 29.8 28.5 30.1 8 Permeability cm/hrs 2.4 2.5 2.3 9 Porosity % 40.1 40.4 38.4 0.58 10 Organic Matter % 0.54 0.48 Holistic Development of Surat Airport Magdalla Surat Gujarat Soil Quality Data (April-2019) S4 S5 S6 S. No Parameter Unit Habitation Abhawa Bhatpur Sandy Clay 1 Loam Loam Texture - Sandy Clay Loam 56.1 48.9 2 Sand % 58.4 21.8 26.5 3 Silt % 20.1 22.1 24.6 4 clay % 21.5 7.68 7.94 5 pH (1:2) - 8.04 µmhos/cm 196 345 6 Electrical 247 Holistic Development of Surat Airport Magdalla Surat Gujarat Soil Quality Data (April-2019) S4 S5 S6 S. No Parameter Unit Habitation Abhawa Bhatpur Conductivity Water Holding 7 27.9 32.4 Capacity % 27.1 2.5 1.9 8 Permeability cm/hrs 2.6 41.6 35.6 9 Porosity % 42.1 0.53 0.49 0.55 10 Organic Matter % S7 S8 S9 S. No Parameter Unit Hazira Bird Hazira Surat Sanctuary Mangroves Loam Clay Loam 1 Texture - Loam 50.4 46.9 2 Sand % 51.2 24.2 22.6 3 Silt % 23.2 25.4 30.5 4 clay % 25.6 8.15 8.23 5 pH (1:2) - 8.12 Electrical µmhos/cm 6 296 321 Conductivity 306 Water Holding 7 31.4 36.1 Capacity % 33.6 2.2 1.8 8 Permeability cm/hrs 2.1 36.9 34.1 9 Porosity % 36.8 0.64 0.71 0.65 10 Organic Matter % Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE V Authorization Letter Project !O#$%&'(&) *+,+%$-.+/(!$0!1234(!5&3-$3(6!4(!1234(!7/(+3/4(&$/4%!5&3-$3(6!1234(!892:434(;P Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE VI NABET Certificate of Environmental Consultant S!&#+# $-0 A!!0#"'2 2'-, -$ EIA C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 SHQ]V Q` AHH`VR1 : 1QJ As ]V` NABET SH.VIV P`Q=VH Q` AH 101 7 :s ]V` SH.VR%CV Q` S8 NQ8 CQJs%C :J O`$:J1<: 1QJ MQEFCC NQ 1`1H: 1QJ SVH Q` N:IV Q` SVH Q` C: V$Q`7 R: VR SV] VIGV` 5 N%IGV` :JR s%GsV_%VJ AIVJRIVJ s LVHQCQ$1H:CC7 sVJs1 10V A`V:s 1JHC%R1J$ LNG V`I1J:C IsQC: VR s Q`:$V .:JRC1J$ Q` .:<:`RQ%s H.VI1H:Cs ^As ]V` .`Vs.QCR ]C:JJ1J$ _%:J 1 7 B ^G_ 1JR1H: VR 1J HQC%IJ Q` SH.VR%CV Q` MSIHC R%CVs :IVJRVR _ CQIIQJ .:<:`RQ%s 1:s V `V: IVJ 5 s Q`:$V :JR R1s]Qs:C A ^R_ `:H1C1 1Vs H1$.1:7s A ^`_ CQIIQJ E``C%VJ T`V: IVJ B ^._ PC:J s ^CETPs_ CQIIQJ M%J1H1]:C SQC1R :s V M:J:$VIVJ F:H1C1 7 B ^1_ ^CMSMF_ B%1CR1J$ :JR HQJs `%H 1QJ B ^:_ ]`Q=VH s TQ1Js.1]s :JR A`V: B ^G_ RV0VCQ]IVJ ]`Q=VH s M1J1J$ Q` I1JV`:Cs 1JHC%R1J$ G:%`:J$ EJ01`QJIVJ :C SQC% 1QJs P0 8 L R8 A ^:_ ^1_ O]VJ H:s L %JRV`$`Q%JR I1J1J$ T.V`I:C ]Q1V` ]C:J s B ^R_ ARR`VssR 5$%QJ1;*$+:`1*$+Q1J 5$/QCCVH Q`: V C1`HCV5 B:J1 P:`@5 MV :CC%`$1H:C 1JR%s `1Vs^`V``Q%s B ^:_ L'12 -$ A!!0#"'2#" C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 A*.& #2'! **7 R#4T ZRQ S#.2#+ #0Q TRS[ P %# YU S!&#+# $-0 A!!0#"'2 2'-, -$ EIA C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 SHQ]V Q` AHH`VR1 : 1QJ As ]V` NABET SH.VIV P`Q=VH Q` AH 101 7 :s ]V` SH.VR%CV Q` S8 NQ8 CQJs%C :J O`$:J1<: 1QJ MQEFCC NQ 1`1H: 1QJ SVH Q` N:IV Q` SVH Q` C: V$Q`7 R: VR SV] VIGV` 5 N%IGV` :JR s%GsV_%VJ AIVJRIVJ s J:1]%`5 P1JR JQJ`V``Q%s_ R GQ . ]`1I:`7 sVHQJR:`7 ERI:1C7 $:%`:J$VJ01`Q$I:1C8HQI6 CVIVJ ]C:J s B ^G_ 01]%C8VJ01`QJ$I:1C8HQI D1s 1CCV`1Vs B ^$_ IsQC: VR s Q`:$V .:JRC1J$ Q` TVC87 R 6 .:<:`RQ%s H.VI1H:Cs ^As ]V` .`Vs.QCR ]C:JJ1J$ _%:J 1 7 B ^G_ CQJR1 1QJs :]]C7 1JR1H: VR 1J HQC%IJ Q` SH.VR%CV Q` MSIHC R%CVs :IVJRVR _ A1` ]Q` s A ^:_ CQIIQJ .:<:`RQ%s 1:s V `V: IVJ 5 s Q`:$V :JR R1s]Qs:C B ^R_ `:H1C1 1Vs H1$.1:7s B ^`_ CQIIQJ E``C%VJ T`V: IVJ B ^._ PC:J s ^CETPs_ CQIIQJ I%J1H1]:C sQC1R 1:s V B ^1_ I:J:$VIVJ `:H1C1 7 ^CMSMF_ B%1CR1J$ :JR HQJs `%H 1QJ B ^:_ ]`Q=VH s L'12 -$ A!!0#"'2#" C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 A*.& #2'! **7 R#4T ZRQ S#.2#+ #0Q TRS[ P %# YV S!&#+# $-0 A!!0#"'2 2'-, -$ EIA C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 SHQ]V Q` AHH`VR1 : 1QJ As ]V` NABET SH.VIV P`Q=VH Q` AH 101 7 :s ]V` SH.VR%CV Q` S8 NQ8 CQJs%C :J O`$:J1<: 1QJ MQEFCC NQ 1`1H: 1QJ SVH Q` N:IV Q` SVH Q` C: V$Q`7 R: VR SV] VIGV` 5 N%IGV` :JR s%GsV_%VJ AIVJRIVJ s TQ1Js.1]s :JR A`V: B ^G_ RV0VCQ]IVJ ]`Q=VH s GVQC E6]CQ`: 1QJ M1J1J$ SQC% 1QJs M1J1J$ Q` I1JV`:Cs R O]VJ H:s ARR`Vss7 A ^:_ ^1_ L5 B`1JR:0:J RQ:R5 . C`Qss E:s 5 F:1`C:JRs5 QJC7 S:CVI T 8 T:I1CJ:R% E8 I:1C7 1` .1:.IVR$I:1C8HQI IsQC: VR s Q`:$V .:JRC1J$ Q` TVC87 U T R MQG1CV7 U .:<:`RQ%s H.VI1H:Cs ^As ]V` .`Vs.QCR ]C:JJ1J$ _%:J 1 7 B ^G_ CQJR1 1QJs :]]C7 1JR1H: VR 1J HQC%IJ Q` SH.VR%CV Q` MSIHC R%CVs :IVJRVR _ B%1CR1J$ :JR HQJs `%H 1QJ B ^:_ ]`Q=VH s GVQ$`VVJ EJ01`Q HQ%sV P0 8 L R8 M1J1J$ Q` I1JV`:Cs R O]VJ H:s A ^:_ ^1_ QJC7 ARR`Vss7 5 A1I:J A]:` IVJ s C.:JR`:CQ@ CQCQJ75 B%1CR1J$ :JR HQJs `%H 1QJ B ^:_ L'12 -$ A!!0#"'2#" C-,13*2 ,2 O0% ,'8 2'-,1 A*.& #2'! **7 R#4T ZRQ S#.2#+ #0Q TRS[ P %# YW Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE VII Office order regarding obstacle monitoring committee Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE VIII Affidavit by Airport Authority of India Project : “Holistic Development of Surat Airport, at Surat International Airport, Surat (Gujarat)” Promoter : Airports Authority of India ANNEXURE IX Traffic Study Report TRAFFIC STUDY REPORT 1.1 Impact of increased traffic on Existing Road Infrastructure Surat-Dumas Road/S.H. 168 provide road connectivity to the Surat International Airport located on Magdalla- Dumas Road in Surat (Gujarat) 1.2 Indian Road Congress (IRC) Guidelines Factors for conversion of different type of vehicle into equivalent passenger car unit (PCU) based on their relative interference value as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines i.e. IRC 64: 1990 & IRC 106: 1990 is given below:- 1.2.1 Level of Service (LOS) Capacity standards are fixed normally in relation to the Level of Service (LOS) adopted for design. Considering the need for smooth traffic flow; it is recommended that normally LOS-C be adopted for design of urban roads. At this level volume of traffic will be around 0.70 times the maximum capacity. Capacity or Design Service volume is the maximum hourly volume at which vehicle can reasonably be expected to transfers a point or uniform section of a lane or road way during a given time period. As per IRC 64: 1990 guidelines, ratio of existing volume of PCU on roads (V) and its capacity (C) with corresponding level of services (LOS) and their performance is given below:-Referenced V/C Ratio for Level of Service and Performance of the Road 1.2.2 Traffic Analysis as Per IRC Guidelines Traffic analysis is carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the project site and the connecting main roads in the area. Then depending on the capacity of the project, the number of vehicles that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity. 1.2.3 Site Connectivity Name of National Highway (N.H.)/ Direction State Highway (S.H.) Up Down Surat-Dumas Road/S.H. 168 N.H. 6 Dumas 1.2.4 Current Capacity of Road Vehicle Distribution & LOS of Road Road Existing Existing Capacity (C) of V/C Level of Name Road Width Volume (V) Road (PCU/Hr) Ratio Service (m) {Passenger Car (LOS) Unit (PCU/)hr} S.H. 18-20 (two- 1780 4800 0.37 B 168/N.H. 6 lane two way) 1.2.5 Future Traffic Scenario during Operation Phase Mode of Capacity of No. of Total PCU Equivalent PCU/hr Transportation Parking Trips/day PCU/day Factor PCU/Day 20.8 Four Wheelers 250 2 500 1.0 500 ~21 12.5 Two Wheeler 200 2 400 0.75 300 ~13 Total ~ 34 1.2.6 Modified Traffic Scenario and LOS Road Increased Increased Capacity (C) of Modified LOS Remarks PCU Volume (V) Road (PCU/Hr) V/C Ratio S.H. 168/ 100% of 1780 + 34 = 4800 0.38 B No N.H. 6 34= 34 1814 change in LOS 1.3 Conclusion It is expected that the proposed Holistic development of Surat Airport will attract and generate an increase of vehicular traffic coming into the area. However, From the above study, it can be seen that the LOS of S.H. 168/N.H. 6 which provide connectivity to the Surat Airport remains same after the implementation of proposed expansion project. Therefore it can be inferred that the expansion project will have negligible impact on the existing road infrastructure of the area. 1.4 Traffic Management Plan • Guided traffic ways inside the project (one way traffic) with sufficient width of driveways to ensure smooth traffic movements during peak hours. • Separate entry and exit provisions. • Guidance to the airport staff for good driving practices and road safety. • Provision of approach road for smooth merging of traffic from the airport. • Designated parking lots for staff and visitors. • Proper Parking management system will be provided to guide the traffic flow • Proper Signage system will be provided for efficient traffic movement • Traffic wardens will be assigned to regulate the traffic flow during peak hours. ********* GAURANG ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. SIMPLIFYING SUSTAINABILITY Accredited EIA Consultant Organization by NABET, QCI, New Delhi at S. No. 67 in list of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations (as on September , 2019) #102, SNG, Shri Ratna Apartment, Peetal factory, Bani park, Jhotwara road, Jaipur-302016 E-mail: [email protected]