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Diversity of Coprophilous Species of Panaeolus (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from Punjab, India
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 15, Number 2, October 2014 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 115-130 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d150202 Diversity of coprophilous species of Panaeolus (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from Punjab, India AMANDEEP KAUR1,♥, N.S. ATRI2, MUNRUCHI KAUR2 1Desh Bhagat College of Education, Bardwal-Dhuri-148024, Punjab, India. Tel.: +91-98152-49537; Fax.: +0175-304-6265; ♥email:[email protected]. 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab, India. Manuscript received: 31 July 2014. Revision accepted: 1 September 2014. ABSTRACT Kaur A, Atri NS, Kaur M. 2014. Diversity of coprophilous species of Panaeolus (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from Punjab, India. Biodiversitas 15: 115-130. An account of 16 Panaeolus species collected from a variety of coprophilous habitats of Punjab state in India is described and discussed. Out of these, P. alcidis, P. castaneifolius, P. papilionaceus var. parvisporus, P. tropicalis and P. venezolanus are new records for India while P. acuminatus, P. antillarum, P. ater, P. solidipes, and P. sphinctrinus are new reports for north India. Panaeolus subbalteatus and P. cyanescens are new records for Punjab state. A key to the taxa explored is also provided. Key words: Dung, epithelial pileus cuticle, systematics, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The genus Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél., belonging to the Study area family Psathyrellaceae Readhead, Vilgalys & Hopple, is The state of Punjab is located in the north-western part characterized by its usually coprophilous habitat, bluing of India covering an area of 50,362 sq. km. which context, epithelial pileipellis, metulloidal chrysocystidia constitutes 1.57% of the total geographical area of the and spores which do not fade in concentrated sulphuric country. -
Sequencing Abstracts Msa Annual Meeting Berkeley, California 7-11 August 2016
M S A 2 0 1 6 SEQUENCING ABSTRACTS MSA ANNUAL MEETING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 7-11 AUGUST 2016 MSA Special Addresses Presidential Address Kerry O’Donnell MSA President 2015–2016 Who do you love? Karling Lecture Arturo Casadevall Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Thoughts on virulence, melanin and the rise of mammals Workshops Nomenclature UNITE Student Workshop on Professional Development Abstracts for Symposia, Contributed formats for downloading and using locally or in a Talks, and Poster Sessions arranged by range of applications (e.g. QIIME, Mothur, SCATA). 4. Analysis tools - UNITE provides variety of analysis last name of primary author. Presenting tools including, for example, massBLASTer for author in *bold. blasting hundreds of sequences in one batch, ITSx for detecting and extracting ITS1 and ITS2 regions of ITS 1. UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based sequences from environmental communities, or fungal species linked to the classification ATOSH for assigning your unknown sequences to *Abarenkov, Kessy (1), Kõljalg, Urmas (1,2), SHs. 5. Custom search functions and unique views to Nilsson, R. Henrik (3), Taylor, Andy F. S. (4), fungal barcode sequences - these include extended Larsson, Karl-Hnerik (5), UNITE Community (6) search filters (e.g. source, locality, habitat, traits) for 1.Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, sequences and SHs, interactive maps and graphs, and Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014; 2.Institute of Ecology views to the largest unidentified sequence clusters and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu formed by sequences from multiple independent 51005, Estonia; 3.Department of Biological and ecological studies, and for which no metadata Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, currently exists. -
An Adventive Panaeolus Antillarum in Poland (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) with Notes on Its Taxonomy, Geographical Distribution, and Ecology
Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2014, 35 (1): 3-22 © 2014 Adac. Tous droits réservés An adventive Panaeolus antillarum in Poland (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) with notes on its taxonomy, geographical distribution, and ecology Marek HALAMAa, Danuta WITKOWSKAb, Izabela JASICKA-MISIAKb & Anna POLIWODAb aMuseum of Natural History, University of Wrocaw, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocaw, Poland bFaculty of Chemistry, Opole University, pl. Kopernika 11, 45-040 Opole, Poland Abstract – Coprophilous fungus, Panaeolus antillarum rarely recorded in Europe, is reported here for the first time from the Augustów Plane, north-eastern Poland. This thermophilic species was found outdoors in August on horse dung mixed with straw. A chemical analysis did not confirm the presence of the psychoactive alkaloids in collected material. A complete description and illustration of the species based on Polish specimens are presented and notes on its taxonomy, ecology, world distribution and comparison with similar taxa – P. semiovatus var. semiovatus, P. semiovatus var. phalaenarum, and others are also provided. Anellaria antillarum / coprophilous mushrooms / GC-MS / Polish mycobiota INTRODUCTION The genus Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél. of the family Psathyrellaceae is characterized by small to rather medium sized basidiomata with usually coprophilous or nitrophilous habitat. According to Kirk et al. (2008) it is represented by ca. 15 species. However, Gerhardt (1996) mentions 27 species of the genus worldwide. Depending on the systematic treatment, hitherto 13-16 species of Panaeolus have been found in Europe (Gerhardt, 1996; Pegler & Henrici, 1998; Senn-Irlet et al., 1999; Ludwig, 2001b). In Poland 9 species of this genus have been found until now: P. acuminatus (Schaeff.) Gillet, P. alcis M.M. -
Effects and Safety of Psilocybe Cubensis and Panaeolus
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin‑1‑induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes Sanah M. Nkadimeng1*, Christiaan M. L. Steinmann2 & Jacobus N. Elof1 Prevalence of major depression in people with chronic heart failure is higher than in normal populations. Depression in heart failure has become a major issue. Psilocybin‑containing mushrooms commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient times for their mind healing properties. Their safety in cardiovascular disease conditions is not fully known and may pose as a risk for users sufering from these illnesses. Study investigates the efects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushrooms use from genus Psilocybe and Panaeolus respectively, in a pathological hypertrophy conditions in which endothelin‑1 disorder is a contributor to pathogenesis. We examined the efects of the mushrooms extracts on endothelin‑1‑induced hypertrophy and tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑ α)‑induced cell injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Mushrooms were oven dried and extracted with cold and boiling‑hot water. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were induced with endothelin‑1 prior to treatment with extracts over 48 h. Cell injury was stimulated with TNF‑α. Results proposed that the water extracts of Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe cubensis did not aggravate the pathological hypertrophy induced by endothelin‑1 and also protected against the TNF‑α‑induced injury and cell death in concentrations used. Results support medicinal safe use of mushrooms under controlled conditions and cautioned use of higher concentrations. Heart failure is well-defned as a complex clinical syndrome that may results from any structural and/or func- tional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart ventricle to fll with or eject blood as needed 1. -
Los Hongos En Extremadura
Los hongos en Extremadura Los hongos en Extremadura EDITA Junta de Extremadura Consejería de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente COORDINADOR DE LA OBRA Eduardo Arrojo Martín Sociedad Micológica Extremeña (SME) POESÍAS Jacinto Galán Cano DIBUJOS África García García José Antonio Ferreiro Banderas Antonio Grajera Angel J. Calleja FOTOGRAFÍAS Celestino Gelpi Pena Fernando Durán Oliva Antonio Mateos Izquierdo Antonio Rodríguez Fernández Miguel Hermoso de Mendoza Salcedo Justo Muñoz Mohedano Gaspar Manzano Alonso Cristóbal Burgos Morilla Carlos Tovar Breña Eduardo Arrojo Martín DISEÑO E IMPRESIÓN Indugrafic, S.L. DEP. LEGAL BA-570-06 I.S.B.N. 84-690-1014-X CUBIERTA Entoloma lividum. FOTO: C. GELPI En las páginas donde se incluye dibujo y poesía puede darse el caso de que no describan la misma seta, pues prima lo estético sobre lo científico. Contenido PÁGINA Presentación .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 José Luis Quintana Álvarez (Consejero de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente. Junta de Extremadura) Prólogo ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Gabriel Moreno Horcajada (Catedrático de Botánica de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid) Los hongos en Extremadura ................................................................................................................................................. -
Sacred Mushroom Studies
ETHNOMYCOLOGICAL JOURNALS: SACRED MUSHROOM STUDIES An Independent Journal Documenting Historical Data Pertaining To The Occurrence And Use Of Psilocybian Fungi in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bali and Fiji. Including a reference listing of all chemical analysis pertaining to such alkaloids found in psilocybian mushrooms DELUXE EDITION EDITED BY JOHN W. ALLEN and PRAKITSIN SIHANONTH VOLUME IX JAN-DEC 2012 [2013] NUMBERS 1-2 ONLINE - [MAPS.Org] Original Cover Art for Teonanácatl: A Bibliography of Entheogenic Fungi. Acrylic Art by Josh Bakehorn. ETHNOMYCOLOGICAL JOURNALS: SACRED MUSHROOM STUDIES VOLUME IX EDITED BY JOHN W. ALLEN AND PRAKITSIN SIHANONTH Psilocybe antioquensis, Bantrey Srei (Temple of the Women), Angkor Wat, Xiem Riap, Kampuchea. A Special Edition Published Online Courtesy of Rick Doblin and the Staff of MAPS Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies at: http://www.maps.org Three original articles, One book review (CD-ROM), and more than 246 full-colored photographs. ISBN 158-214-396-XPublisher: MAPS (Rick Doblin), John W. Allen (Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.) and Prakitsin Sihanonth, Ph.D., (Chulalongkorn University, Department of Microbiology, Bangkok, Thailand) and Exotic Forays, Seattle, Washington. January-December 2012 [2013] Ethnomycological Journals: An Ethnopharmacological and Ethnomycological Update on the Sacred Mushroom Studies Vol. Occurrence, Use, Cultivation, Chemical Analysis, and SEM IX. January-June 2012. An Independent research journal Photography of Neurotropic Fungi from Thailand, Cambodia and devoted to presenting current data other Regions of South and Southeast Asia, on studies concerning historical and Indonesia and Bali………………………………….……………….1 medical value of psilocybian John W. Allen, Prakitsin Sihanonth, Jochen Gartz and Gianluca Toro. mushrooms throughout history. -
An Ethnomycological Review of Psychoactive Agarics in Australia and New Zealand
An Ethnomycological Review of Psychoactive Agarics in Australia and New Zealand John W. Allen*; Mark D.Merlin, Ph.D.** & Karl L.R. Jansen, M.D.*** Abstract - A comprehensive review is presented of the recreational and accidental ingestion of psychoactive mushroooms in Australia and New Zealand; 15 recognized species are con- sidered from Australia and eight from New Zealand. Common epithets. potency levels, and methods of ingestion are discussed. Legal aspects involving the use of these psychoactive fungi are noted. In addition. medical and psychoactive effects of these mushrooms and treatment for psilocybian mushroom poisoning are described. Numerous case reports, with commentary, are also presented. Keywords - Australia, mushroom poisoning. New Zealand, Panaeolus spp .•Psilocybe spp., psilocin. psilocybin. psychoactive agarics Mind-altering mushrooms of the P silocybe (Fr.) 1973), and Andrew Weil (e.g., 1980). Quelet and P anaeolus Quelet genera have been tradition- The present article reviews the history of accidental ally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by na- and purposeful use of psychoactive agarics in Australia tive peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3.000 years (e.g, and New Zealand, utilizing information gathered from re- Wasson 1980, 1957; Heim & Wasson 1958; Singer & ports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in Smith 1958; Wasson & Wasson 1957; Schultes 1940, the popular press, and personal communications with med- 1939). Today, the secular, recreational use of these psy- ical and law enforcement professionals in Australia and choactive fungi is widespread, especially in various regions New Zealand. The chemical compounds and mycological of the United States (Ott 1978; Weil 1977), Canada identification of the mind-altering mushrooms known to (Unsigned 1982a; Guzman etal.1976; Oakenbough 1975; have been ingested in Australia are also discussed. -
Psilocybian Mycetismus with Special Reference to Panaeolus
- Psilocybian Mycetismus With Special Reference To Panaeolus STEVEN HAYDEN POLLOCK, M.D., M.S.* A SEQUENCE OF got back home he found his wife dancing "PECULIAR" CASES around stark naked, playing an imaginary shamisen, and laughing raucously. Even as he Mushroom intoxications have been noted through- stood there amazed at all the uproar he found out history. One 11th Century episode in Japan that he too was falling into the same crazed allegedly involved some Buddhist nuns who became lost state. The older brother also eventually began to in the forest. After eating some wild mushrooms, they dance crazily. The intoxication of Taniguchi's felt compelled to dance. Some woodcutters who were mother was weaker, however, and though she also lost happened along, indulged in the peculiar fungus became muddled she never lost complete and joined the nuns in dancing. This tale has been control of her senses. She did, however, keep handed down in the Konjaku Monogatari ("Tales of repeating the same words over and over and Long Ago") and the legendary toadstools became known went to every house in the neighborhood first as dancing mushrooms (maitake) and later as apologizing throughout the night for "preparing such a poor meal" and thanking everyone "for laughing mushrooms (waraitake) (Sanford 1972; Wasson putting up with it." 1973). While the identity of the causative fungus is unknown, Panaeolus papilionaceus (Fries) Quelet has Dr. Seichii was "able to obtain samples of the been suggested as one possible candidate (Sanford 1972; mushrooms involved and solidly identify them as none Wasson 1973). Sanford (1972) notes that Seichii in his other than Panaeolus papilionaceus" (Sanford 1972). -
List of Psilocybin Mushrooms from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
List of psilocybin mushrooms From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Psilocybin mushrooms are mushrooms which contain the hallucinogenic substances psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin and norbaeocystin. The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries. Many psilocybin mushrooms are in the genus Psilocybe, but species across several other genera contain the drugs. Contents 1 Genera 2 Conocybe 3 Copelandia 4 Galerina 5 Gymnopilus 6 Inocybe 7 Mycena 8 Panaeolus 9 Pholiotina 10 Pluteus 11 Psilocybe 11.1 A 11.2 B 11.3 C 11.4 D 11.5 E 11.6 F 11.7 G 11.8 H 11.9 I 11.10 K 11.11 L 11.12 M 11.13 N 11.14 O 11.15 P 11.16 Q 11.17 R 11.18 S 11.19 T 11.20 U 11.21 V 11.22 W 11.23 X 11.24 Y 11.25 Z 12 References Genera Conocybe Copelandia Galerina Gymnopilus Inocybe Mycena Panaeolina Panaeolus Pholiotina Pluteus Psilocybe Conocybe Conocybe cyanopus[1] Conocybe siligineoides R. Heim Conocybe kuehneriana Singer Copelandia Copelandia affinis Horak[2] (=Panaeolus cyanescens accepted name) Copelandia anomala (Murrill) Singer [2] (=Panaeolus cyanescens accepted name) Copelandia bispora (Malençon & Bertault) Singer & R.A. Weeks[2] (=Panaeolus bisporus accepted name) Copelandia cambodginiensis (Ola'h & R. Heim) Singer & R.A. Weeks[2] (=Panaeolus cambodginiensis accepted name) Copelandia chlorocystis Singer & R.A. Weeks[2] (= Panaeolus chlorocystis (Singer & R.W. Weeks) Ew. Gerhardt)[3] Copelandia cyanescens (Berk. & Broome) Singer[2] (=Panaeolus cyanescens accepted name) Copelandia lentisporus (Ew. Gerhardt) Guzmán[2] (= Panaeolus lentisporus Ew. -
Jazyková Analýza Slovní Zásoby Z Oblasti Mykologie
MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV SLAVISTIKY RUSKÝ JAZYK A LITERATURA ŠÁRKA BERANOVÁ JAZYKOVÁ ANALÝZA SLOVNÍ ZÁSOBY Z OBLASTI MYKOLOGIE BAKALÁŘSKÁ DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE: Mgr. OLGA BERGER 2017 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. Podpis autora práce 2 Na tomto místě bych chtěla poděkovat vedoucí práce Mgr. Olze Berger za její cenné rady, trpělivost, ochotu a vstřícný přístup při zpracování této bakalářské práce. 3 Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Teoretická část .......................................................................................................................... 7 1 Charakteristika říše hub .................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Mykologie jako vědecká disciplína ............................................................................. 8 1.2 Stavba těla .................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Stručná historie mykologie .......................................................................................... 9 1.4 Systém hub ................................................................................................................ 12 2 Odborná terminologie ................................................................................................... -
A Checklist of Coprophilous Agarics of India
Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5 (4): 322–348(2015) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article CREAM Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/cream/5/4/3 A Checklist of Coprophilous Agarics of India Amandeep K1*, Atri NS2 and Munruchi K2 1Bhai Gurdas Institute of Education, Sangrur-148001, Punjab, India. 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab, India. Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K 2015 – A Checklist of Coprophilous Agarics of India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5(4), 322–348, Doi 10.5943/cream/5/4/3 Abstract This checklist consists of 135 species belonging in 27 genera and 10 families of the Order Agaricales, Class Agaricomycetes, and Phylum Basidiomycota. The families, genera and species have been arranged alphabetically. The status and taxonomic placement of each taxon included in the list has been updated as per the information available on the Index Fungorum/MycoBank. At the family level, Psathyrellaceae has the highest number of coprophilous species (46) reported from India, followed by Agaricaceae and Bolbitiaceae (29 spp. each) and Strophariaceae (20 spp.). The ten most represented coprophilous genera are Conocybe (23 spp.), Panaeolus (19 spp.), Coprinopsis (14 spp.), Psilocybe (13 spp.), Agaricus (9 spp.), Lepiota and Psathyrella (6 spp. each), Coprinellus and Coprinus (5 spp. each) and Bolbitius (4 spp.). The geographical distribution of the species covers 13 States (Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) and 2 Union Territories (Chandigarh, New Delhi) of India. The relevant information is based on the survey of dung localities in Punjab state during the period 2007- 2011 and original information contained in 97 research papers. -
Horizontal Gene Cluster Transfer Increased Hallucinogenic Mushroom Diversity
LETTER doi:10.1002/evl3.42 Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity Hannah T. Reynolds,1,2,∗ Vinod Vijayakumar,1,∗ Emile Gluck-Thaler,1,∗ Hailee Brynn Korotkin,3 Patrick Brandon Matheny,3 and Jason C. Slot1,4 1Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210 2Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Western Connecticut State University, 181 White St., Danbury, Connecticut 06810-6826 3Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 4E-mail: [email protected] Received August 24, 2017 Accepted January 23, 2018 Secondary metabolites are a heterogeneous class of chemicals that often mediate interactions between species. The tryptophan- derived secondary metabolite, psilocin, is a serotonin receptor agonist that induces altered states of consciousness. A phylogenet- ically disjunct group of mushroom-forming fungi in the Agaricales produce the psilocin prodrug, psilocybin. Spotty phylogenetic distributions of fungal compounds are sometimes explained by horizontal transfer of metabolic gene clusters among unrelated fungi with overlapping niches. We report the discovery of a psilocybin gene cluster in three hallucinogenic mushroom genomes, and evidence for its horizontal transfer between fungal lineages. Patterns of gene distribution and transmission suggest that synthesis of psilocybin may have provided a fitness advantage in the dung and late wood-decay fungal niches, which may serve as reservoirs of fungal indole-based metabolites that alter behavior of mycophagous and wood-eating invertebrates. These hal- lucinogenic mushroom genomes will serve as models in neurochemical ecology, advancing the (bio)prospecting and synthetic biology of novel neuropharmaceuticals. KEY WORDS: Agaricales, evolutionary genomics, fungi, horizontal gene transfer, molecular evolution, phylogenomics, psychedelic, secondary metabolite.