Die Küneginne Rîch O Mundo Feminino Em a Canção Dos Nibelungos E a Saga Dos Völsung

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Die Küneginne Rîch O Mundo Feminino Em a Canção Dos Nibelungos E a Saga Dos Völsung UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS Valéria Sabrina Pereira Die küneginne rîch O mundo feminino em A Canção dos Nibelungos e A Saga dos Völsung São Paulo 2006 Valéria Sabrina Pereira Die küneginne rîch O mundo feminino em A Canção dos Nibelungos e A Saga dos Völsung Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestra em Letras Área de concentração: Literatura Alemã Orientador: Helmut Paul Erich Galle São Paulo 2006 Agradecimentos À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado que me permitiu realizar essa pesquisa. A Márcia Carolina Marques pela atenção despendida com a revisão do presente texto. A Helmut Galle pela boa e atenciosa orientação. Resumo PEREIRA, V.S. Die küneginne rîch – O mundo feminino em A Canção dos Nibelungos e A Saga dos Völsung. 2006. 211 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2006. As obras A Canção dos Nibelungos e A Saga dos Völsung foram escritas na região que hoje corresponde à Áustria, no século XII, e na Islândia, no século XIII, respectivamente. São obras apresentam as mesmas personagens, assim como uma narrativa semelhante, mas tem um tratamento diferenciado dessas personagens, e a narrativa se desenvolve de maneira notoriamente díspare na segunda parte das obras. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o papel das personagens femininas, as quais são de vital importância para o desenvolvimento das vinganças que constituem o tema principal dessas histórias. A pesquisa foi fundamentada nas vertentes atuais da Medievística alemã que integra as tradições da filologia crítica e uma hermenêutica informada pela teoria da recepção. Os procedimentos centrais consistem em leitura crítica, comparação e interpretação dos textos literários, seguidos por uma confrontação de controle mediante estudos historiográficos. O estudo foi separado em cinco partes, sendo elas: Os Pares Românticos, Casamento, Maternidade, Mulheres e Poder, e, Conflitos Violentos da Perspectiva feminina. Nesses capítulos, procurou-se analisar os principais campos de atuação feminina, de forma a poder destacar como as semelhanças e diferenças entre as culturas e o imaginário dessas distantes regiões se refletem em duas obras que têm por base a mesma matéria. Palavras-chave: Ciclo de narrativas dos nibelungos, gênero, Idade Média, Europa central, Islândia Abstract PEREIRA, V.S. Die küneginne rîch – The feminine world at The Nibelungenlied and The Saga of the Volsungs. 2006. 211 f. Dissertation (Master) - Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2006. The works The Nibelungenlied and The Saga of the Volsungs were written in the region that nowadays corresponds to Austria during the 12th Century and in Iceland during the 13th Century, respectively. Those are works that have the same characters and a similar plot, but they show the characters in a different way, as well as the plot takes separate ways on the second part of each book. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the role of the feminine characters, which are of great importance to the main theme of those stories: revenge. The research has been based on the modern german medieval studies, which combines the tradition of the critical philology with an interpratation of texts informed by the theory of reception. The main procedures are the critical lecture, critical comparison and interpretation of the texts, and, at last, a confrontation with historical documents. This study has five parts: The Romantic Pairs, Wedding, Maternity, Women and Power, and, Violent Conflicts from a Feminine Perspective. On these chapters it was atempted to analyse the main fields of feminine actions, in way that enable the reader to recognize how the similarities and the differences between the cultures and the imaginary world of those distant regions are reflected in two works that are based on the same material. Keywords: Circle of narratives about the nibelungs, gender, Middle Ages, Central Europe, Iceland Sumário Introdução .......................................................................................................... 10 1. Diferenças histórico-sociais, culturais e formais ............................................. 14 1.1. Cristianização e paganismo ......................................................................... 14 1.2. Sociedade ..................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Gêneros literários ........................................................................................ 18 2. Termos em Nórdico Antigo ............................................................................ 23 3. Nomes das personagens .................................................................................. 24 3.1. Árvore genealógica de A Canção dos Nibelungos ...................................... 27 3.2. Árvore genealógica de A Saga dos Völsung ............................................... 28 4. Resumo das narrativas .................................................................................... 29 Capítulo I - Os pares românticos 1.1. Kriemhild e Siegfried .................................................................................. 32 1.2. Contraposição entre Kriemhild e Gudrun .................................................... 40 2.1. Brynhild e Sigurd ......................................................................................... 41 2.2. Contraposição entre Brynhild e Brünhild .................................................... 46 Capítulo II – Casamento Parte I – Fatores que levam ao casamento 1.1. Kriemhild e Siegfried .................................................................................... 50 1.2. Gudrun e Sigurd ............................................................................................ 53 1.3. Análise comparativa ...................................................................................... 56 2.1. Brünhild e Gunther ........................................................................................ 58 2.2. Brynhild e Gunnar ......................................................................................... 65 2.3. Análise comparativa ...................................................................................... 69 3.1. Kriemhild e Etzel ........................................................................................... 72 3.2. Gudrun e Atli ................................................................................................. 76 3.3. Análise comparativa ...................................................................................... 79 4. Casamentos que não encontram equivalência .................................................. 81 4.1. Gudrun e Jonakr ........................................................................................... 81 4.2. Giselher e a filha de Rüdiger ........................................................................ 81 4.3. Svanhild e Jörmunrek ................................................................................... 84 5. Considerações finais ........................................................................................ 85 5.1. A importância do casamento como elemento da estrutura narrativa, e do consentimento das mulheres ........................................................................ 85 5.2. Valores que influenciam na escolha da mulher ........................................... 88 5.3. Valores que julgam o homem para o consentimento do casamento ............ 91 5.4. Vingança ....................................................................................................... 92 5.5. Atuação de conselheiros ............................................................................... 92 Parte II - Problemas dentro dos laços matrimoniais 1.1. Violência no Casamento em A Canção dos Nibelungos .............................. 93 1.1.1. Núpcias de Brünhild .................................................................................. 93 1.1.2. Siegfried repreende Kriemhild através do castigo físico ........................... 96 1.2. Violência no Casamento em A Saga dos Völsung ........................................ 98 1.2.1. Brynhild tenta matar Gunnar .................................................................... 98 1.3. Análise comparativa ..................................................................................... 99 2.1. Traição em A Canção dos Nibelungos .......................................................... 102 2.1.1. A desconfiança de Kriemhild sobre Siegfried ........................................... 102 2.1.2. Siegfried e Brünhild ................................................................................... 102 2.2. Traição em A Saga dos Völsung ................................................................... 104 2.2.1. Brynhild e Gunnar, traição e divórcio ...................................................... 104 2.2.2. Oddrun, a figura da amante ...................................................................... 106 2.2.3. Svanhild ..................................................................................................... 109 2.3. Análise comparativa ..................................................................................... 110 Capítulo III
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