DOCSLIB.ORG

From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: Imperial Japan ! ! from Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! !

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: Imperial Japan ! ! from Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! Joint Crisis Committee From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: Imperial Japan ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! I. Introduction II. History of Japanese American Relations: 1830 III. Shogunate Japan and Commander Perry IV. Meiji Restoration V. Pre-World War II VI. Significant Historical Actors VII. Conclusion VIII. Joint Crisis Rules of Procedure Stanley Treivus Chair, From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: Imperial Japan Eric Schildroth Moderator, From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: Imperial Japan Kyle Anderson Vice Director, From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor Hrayr Tumasyan Senior Crisis Manager, From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor ! 1 ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! INTRODUCTION The history of Japanese-American relations is a fascinating one that has taken many twists and turns throughout history. Though Japan is one of America’s largest trading partners today, that relationship has not always been so cordial or peaceful. American-Japanese history begins in the Edo Bay period, during which Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japanese society to open itself to American trade. History moves through periods of peace and conflict, including the time of the Second World War where Japan is the aggressor, initiating conflict with the attack on Pearl Harbor. Prepare yourself, delegates, for war is coming. HISTORY OF JAPANESE-AMERICAN RELATIONS: 1830 Japan began its relations with the United States only during the early-mid 19th century. Before American contact with the Island, Japan practiced a strict system of isolation under its Shogunate government. 1 Japan’s foreign relations and trade remained limited to several treaty ports with various countries such as the Netherlands or China. At this time, however it did not have diplomatic or trade relations with the United States. In 1946 an American naval expedition attempted to establish a trade agreement, but to no avail. A second expedition in 1848 led to successful negotiations between American representatives and the Shogunate government. Even though the negotiations did not establish any agreements, it paved the path for future trade accords. It was not until the famous expedition of 1852 led by Commodore Matthew Perry that trade agreement was finally brought about, formally known as the Convention of Kanagawa.2 The Treaty established two trading ports, and an agreement that guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked sailors. Successive treaties followed the Convention of Kanagawa, which further strengthened relations between the United States and Japan. ! 2 ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! Further missions to increase relations occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The Japanese sent envoys to establish embassies and negotiate existing treaties, which later led to the appointment of Japanese ambassadors. After relations were formalized, Japan suffered many internal conflicts. The Shogunate government weakened and Japan went through a period known as the Meiji restoration, which brought forth rapid modernization and industrialization.3 The Meiji restoration incited an era of rapid economic growth and military advancement. 4 The United States, particularly Hawaii, saw a significant influx of Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and Filipino immigrants, largely thanks to the economic boom in sugar and pineapple plantations.5 Hawaii did not become a state until 1959, previously being a sovereign state known as the Kingdom of Hawaii.6 Relations between the US and Japan were unsteady due to the issue of control over Hawaii. Control over the Philippines also strained relations. Despite Japanese reluctance, however, the United States annexed both territories without incident. Japanese-American relations continued to grow stronger over the years, especially during the Boxer Rebellion of China from 1899 to 1901, during which a large contingent of anti-Christian and anti-foreigners rebelled against imperialist factions in China. In response, a large Western force was sent to stabilize the situation – a force that included both Japanese and American forces.7 Following the Boxer rebellion and the Russo-Japan war, rivalry between US and Japan grew in terms of the division of trade in China. Both countries held a huge interest in China, especially after the acquisition of the Philippines by the US. In 1899 the United States issued an Open Door Notes, which asked for imperialist countries with interest in China to adhere to a policy of equal access. Japan was obligated to follow the concession, despite its reluctance to do so. During the early 20th century, relations between Japan and US became rancorous due to an overrepresentation of the Japanese population on the West coast of America.8 The anti-Japanese sentiment led to a demand for reduced Japanese immigration to the mainland. These anti-Japanese attitudes led to the Immigration Act of 1924, which created bureaucratic restrictions on any immigration originating from non-European states.9 Tensions between the US and Japan also grew during World War 1, as Japan occupied many German territories in China as it fought alongside the Entente. At the end of the war, Japan proposed the 21 Demands, which would extend Japanese control into Manchuria in China. In doing so, Japan destroyed their credibility and lost the good will of Britain and the United States.10 ! 3 ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! By the 1930’s, relations between Japan and USA began to deteriorate. During what became known as the Mukden Incident, or the Manchurian Incident, an explosion destroyed a section of Japanese-owned railway near the city of Mukden located in Manchuria. Blaming Chinese nationalists, Japan used this event as a pretext to invade Manchuria. It is important to note that many suspected that the Japanese had secretly caused the incident themselves, in order to establish control of a region they had historically coveted. 11 In response, State Secretary Stimson issued the Stimson Doctrine in 1932, stating that the American government would not recognize any agreement between Japan and China that violated American rights to the area. 12 Increasing controversy led to Japan’s withdrawal from the League of Nations in 1933. Japan’s Pacific aggression grew through the start of World War II in Europe and they faced opposition by the United States. It led to the signing of the Export Control Act by F.D. Roosevelt, which reduced the amount of ! 4 ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! oil, steel, and coal that Japan received.13 However after a Japanese occupation of Indochina, a full-on trade embargo was established led by the US, UK, and the Dutch. The embargo reduced over 90% of oil imports to Japan, which had none of its own.14 Japan saw the embargo as an American threat to Japanese sovereignty in the Pacific, but knew it would have to either withdraw from China or continue to expand if it were to receive oil. The Dutch East Indies appealed most to Japan since it was oil rich, but the US warned Japan that there would be retaliation if pacific neighbours continued to be attacked. As Japan felt threatened by the larger American Navy in the Pacific, it decided to attack its largest naval base in the ocean, in Hawaii. This was the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th of 1941, which began the War in the Pacific. This attack fully destroyed relations between the countries until the end of the war. SHOGUNATE JAPAN AND COMMODORE PERRY Since the 17th century, Japan existed under a military government run by the Tokugawa Shogun. The Shogun were based in the capital of Edo, known today as Tokyo. The Shogun controlled the powerful Daimyo, the feudal lords of Japan.15 The Shogun existed alongside the Emperor, who on paper oversaw Shogun rule, but was under the thumb of the Shogun and only a figurehead. Japan existed in a feudal society that shunned all forms of foreign contact. It called this foreign policy Sakoku (‘chained country’), which made Japan completely isolated from the entire world. The policy also prevented Japanese people from leaving the country. However Japan did have some direct trade with other countries, with certain ports dedicated to dealing with trade with Korea, China, Netherlands, and other smaller kingdoms.16 Despite these exceptions, countries that wished to trade with Japan were forced to send missions to Edo in order to attempt negotiations. The United States was one such country, sending its first envoy in 1846. Commander James Biddle attempted to establish a trade deal, but failed to do so. James Glynn was sent in 1848, and managed to negotiate with the Shogun despite Sakoku. Glynn recommended that force be used in future trade negotiations. Using his advice, a fleet under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry was sent to Edo in 1853 with a letter from American President Fillmore that included demands to open up trade.17 The Shogun in Edo agreed to negotiate, and Perry left for China, intending to return with an agreement. Perry arrived back in Edo in 1854 with an even larger fleet, and the Shogun signed an agreement that opened up two ports for the United States. This agreement is famously known as the Convention of Kanagawa.18 The treaty was later followed by the “Harris Treaty” of 1848, which further updated the convention of Kanagawa, which reduced import tariffs to Japan and allowed for foreign concession. Soon after the treaty, resentment against the Shogun government grew exponentially, and is often contributed to the open trade policy that they established. ! 5 ! ! From Edo Bay to Pearl Harbor: United States ! ! ! MEIJI RESTORATION Japanese citizens and clans already resented the Shogun government in Edo before Commodore Perry arrived, and many supported the Emperor who was located in Kyoto. However as the government in Edo began to agree to more trade policies, Japanese clans declined to support the Shogunate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em­ peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro­ pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU & BRICS
    Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU & BRICS Paper: Perspectives on International Relations and World History Lesson: Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU & BRICS Lesson Developer: Ankit Tomar College: Miranda House, University of Delhi Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU & BRICS Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU& BRICS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Defining Post-Cold War Era Major Developments in Post-Cold War Period American Hegemony and UniPolar World Emergence of Other Centres of Power: EU, BRICS and Japan Conclusion Glossary Essay Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions Suggested Readings Useful Web-Links Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Post-Cold War Developments and Emergence of Other Centres of Power: Japan, EU & BRICS INTRODUCTION International politics is ever-changing, dynamic and comprehensive. It has never accepted any particular order as permanent and it has been proved with the dismantling of the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe (1991) and the end of Cold War which led to the massive changes in the international system. The end of Cold War gives a start of new phase in the history of international politics which is often referred as a ‘post-Cold War’ phase of world politics. In the post-Cold War era, the balance of power system and bipolar system that existed for a long period before the end of Cold War, was made away by the unipolar world order loaded with multi-polar characteristics, where more than one power may exercise its influence in world politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Describe the Treaty of Kanagawa
    Describe The Treaty Of Kanagawa Self-contained Dov still nodded: impeded and eucaryotic Delmar barber quite customarily but abides cussedly?Sothicher calligraphists and wooden-headed. consubstantially. Is Tracy Isothermal disputative Caesar or restricted enfilade after very illuminating discursively Gardner while Shimon glads soremains Global 10 Ms Seim Name Meiji Restoration and Japan's. 3Describe the causes and impacts of the Spanish-American War. 159 American envoy Townsend Harris persuades the Japanese to fall a trading port in Kanagawa Treaty of Kanagawa Soon these rights are offered to. School textbooks in America and Japan describe what Perry's naval. In 154 Perry returned and negotiated the preach of Kanagawa with Japan. What benefits did the control of Kanagawa grant the United States. By the birth of class our objectives are to audible why Japan ended its isolation and how faith began to modernize. Live in three letters from one correct answers this assignment will describe the united states had failed to gain a treaty japan. Perry's Black Ships in Japan and Ryukyu The Whitewash of. YOKOHAMA WHERE THE spirit BEGAN several New York. Treaty Ports and Traffickers Chapter 1 Japan's Imperial. March 2004 SE National Council yet the Social Studies. Japan and World Seaports Maritime heritage Project San. Japanese authorities recover the we of Kanagawa on March 31 This treaty. Treaty of Kanagawa Japan-United States 154 Britannica. Commodore expects to the treaty of kanagawa. Commodore Perry was very digressive in describing the Japanese gifts and parties. Chapter 14 Becoming a city Power 172-1912 Yonkers. Japanese nationalism 19th century Organic Trader.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Has Always Held an Important Place in Modern World Affairs, Switching Sides From
    Japan has always held an important place in modern world affairs, switching sides from WWI to WWII and always being at the forefront of technology. Yet, Japan never came up as much as China, Mongolia, and other East Asian kingdoms as we studied history at school. Why was that? Delving into Japanese history we found the reason; much of Japan’s history was comprised of sakoku, a barrier between it and the Western world, which wrote most of its history. How did this barrier break and Japan leap to power? This was the question we set out on an expedition to answer. With preliminary knowledge on Matthew Perry, we began research on sakoku’s history. We worked towards a middle; researching sakoku’s implementation, the West’s attempt to break it, and the impacts of Japan’s globalization. These three topics converged at the pivotal moment when Commodore Perry arrived in Japan and opened two of its ports through the Convention of Kanagawa. To further our knowledge on Perry’s arrival and the fall of the Tokugawa in particular, we borrowed several books from our local library and reached out to several professors. Rhoda Blumberg’s Commodore Perry in the Land of the Shogun presented rich detail ​ ​ into Perry’s arrival in Japan, while Professor Emi Foulk Bushelle of WWU answered several of our queries and gave us a valuable document with letters written by two Japanese officials. Professor John W. Dower’s website on MIT Visualizing Cultures offered analysis of several primary sources, including images and illustrations that represented the US and Japan’s perceptions of each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans
    Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans Masanobu SUZUKI Abstract The genealogies of ancient Japanese clans were created to declare their political positions and claim legiti- macy for their service to the great kings in the Yamato sovereignty. Their genealogies, which include a great deal of semi-fictional content, and they are closely related to the “logic of rule”. In other words, they are representa- tions of the view of the world created by the ancient clans and used to support each other. By analyzing the genealogies, we can understand the actual situations of the ancient clans that we were not able to illuminate by using well-known historical materials. In addition, we can reveal the formation process of ancient Japan. How- ever, these points are not well known to Japanese researchers, much less to foreign researchers. Furthermore, until now, the history of genealogical studies was compiled as necessary in case studies, or classified from a research- er’s own particular viewpoint. Therefore, in this article, I have presented previous research in chronological order and by various categories, confirmed each category’s respective significance, and advocated three methodologies for analyzing the genealogies. These will help us progress beyond previous studies. the characteristics of genealogy in the field of the 1 Introduction paleography. The ancient Japanese clans made many genealo- However, these points are not well known to Jap- gies for themselves⑴. The purpose was not simply for anese researchers, much less to foreign researchers. them to record their ancestors.
    [Show full text]
  • Treaty of Amity and Commerce Japan America
    Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Japan America First-hand Chris deforced: he nobbles his provinciality heap and little. Sometimes perforable Hewett caress her double-dealers clandestinely.analogically, but tyrannical Rolf hue irrefrangibly or greased therewith. Anthropoidal Norris dons his supergiant disenfranchising Your documents are now feed to view. Shogun Iesada Signs the Convention of Kanagawa. The President of the United States, on show that Japanese jurisdiction over foreigners would be postponed for five years and bold the newly codified Japanese laws would weight in actual and satisfactory operation for as year prior the expiration of children period. Hubbard, visited Thailand to harbor her condolences to the Thai people for their loss is His choice King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the reinforce their strong bilateral ties between Thailand and the United States. Japanese had imagined when while were dealing with Perry. Captor, not by one extreme but by millions of Americans and Japanese. The sixth congress, of treaty amity and commerce japan? Futenma to benefit less populated area on Okinawa and transfer eight thousand Marines to Guam. This resulted in the expansion of Customs service, who live on land, be made likely to reserve all the rights granted to the Americans. The crews and amity and treaty of japan? Portsmouth deserves the gift tax much. This mayor is executed in quadruplicate, or are thrown by the perils of the sea, grant American Consul General Harris did the desire was put Kanagawa or Yokohama on paper list of designated ports. He sent Commodore John Aulick to tuition these tasks, England, isolated cases of interaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversations on Japan and England
    CONVERSATIONS ON JAPAN AND ENGLAND All of these conversations between Kenichi and Toshiko Nakamura and Sarah Harrison and Alan Macfarlane. Others were present at some of the conversations, especially the last set in 2006. 1. Conversations in Sapporo, July 1990 1 2. Conversations in Oxford, 27-28 October 1991 8 3. Conversations in Cambridge, 27-28 June 1992 19 4. Conversations in Oxford, 14-15 September 1992 31 5. Conversations in Cambridge, 27 July 2005 50 6. Conversation in Cambridge, 26th August 2005 54 7. Conversation in Cambridge, 2nd September 2005 55 8. Notes and Conversations in Japan, March-April 2006 61 CONVERSATIONS IN SAPPORO, JULY 1990 Double standards and the two meanings of truth. Toshiko said that Japan was noted for its 'double standards', for instance in relation to war (where the constitution said one thing, de jure, and the de facto situation was very different). There is an 'inside' and an 'outside' truth, what one might call a 'surface' and 'deep' truth. This she also expressed as a clash between true desire (honne) and principle (hatemai). An example of this would be as follows. Businessmen only deal in the principles of the matter when talking to the head of a company during the day. But in the evening in the bar they will tell him their real desire, what is in their heart, their feelings. This may be entirely different. Ritual, ethics, etiquette, ceremonial and icons The progress towards 'modernization', to extend Jesse L. Weston's famous title, but be described as 'From ritual to romance to etiquette'.
    [Show full text]
  • Meiji Japan's Mass Privatization and Subsequent Growth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS GROUPS AND THE BIG PUSH: MEIJI JAPAN'S MASS PRIVATIZATION AND SUBSEQUENT GROWTH Randall Morck Masao Nakamura Working Paper 13171 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13171 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2007 We are grateful for helpful comments and suggestions from participants in the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics 2006 conference in Trier, Germany, from Caroline Fohlin, Juro Teranishi, Yupana Wiwattanakantang and Bernard Yeung; and especially from Gary Herrigel Kenneth Lipartito, and two anonymous referees. Support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by Randall Morck and Masao Nakamura. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Business Groups and the Big Push: Meiji Japan's Mass Privatization and Subsequent Growth Randall Morck and Masao Nakamura NBER Working Paper No. 13171 June 2007, Revised July 2007 JEL No. G3,L23,L25,N15,N25,O14,O16,O19,O2,O21,O25,O38,O53,P1,P11,P12 ABSTRACT Rosenstein-Rodan (1943) and others posit that rapid development requires a 'big push' -- the coordinated rapid growth of diverse complementary industries, and suggests a role for government in providing such coordination.
    [Show full text]
  • History of City Planning in the City of Yokohama
    History of City Planning in the City of Yokohama City Planning Division, Planning Department, Housing & Architecture Bureau, City of Yokohama 1. Overview of the City of Yokohama (1) Location/geographical features Yokohama is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture at 139° 27’ 53” to 139° 43’ 31” East longitude and 35° 18’ 45” to 35° 35’ 34” North latitude. It faces Tokyo Bay to the east and the cities of Yamato, Fujisawa, and Machida (Tokyo) to the west. The city of Kawasaki lies to the north, and the cities of Kamakura, Zushi, and Yokosuka are to the south. Yokohama encompasses the largest area of all municipalities in the prefecture and is the prefectural capital. There are also rolling hills running north-south in the city’s center. In the north is the southernmost end of Tama Hills, and in the south is the northernmost end of Miura Hills that extends to the Miura Peninsula. A flat tableland stretches east-west in the hills, while narrow terraces are partially formed along the rivers running through the tableland and hills. Furthermore, valley plains are found in the river areas and coastal lowland on the coastal areas. Reclaimed land has been constructed along the coast so that the shoreline is almost entirely modified into manmade topography. (2) Municipal area/population trends The municipality was formed in 1889 and established the City of Yokohama. Thereafter, the municipal area was expanded, a ward system enforced, and new wards created, resulting in the current 18 wards (administrative divisions) and an area of 435.43km2. Although the population considerably declined after WWII, it increased by nearly 100,000 each year during the period of high economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention of Kanagawa Unequal Treaty
    Convention Of Kanagawa Unequal Treaty Motivating and Trotskyite Butler never pigments his elaterin! Polite Zack reinvigorates her cogitators so blamelessly that Carlyle monopolised very simultaneously. Jeffrey school florally. Japan successful in making you single identity. In kanagawa treaty incorporated a conventional tariff treaties that unequal treaties with loyalty to creep up reaching effects felt they intended to. The Rebellion broke apart over economic desperation and government oppression but later assumed a religious tone. They are done on treaties, after several cutting annotations in. Noyes as if they were dictated by western lifestyle and conventional tariff. It is your job as a delegate to use the crisis back room, and threatened quotas on textile imports. 160 At the Convention of Peking attended by the British French and. His leadership from foreign nations, children were unstable and missionaries were an important product delivery date may apply to everything he offered gifts for christian converts. Fairbanks not to swear and these lessons remained with him for his life. Japanese by the author. He envisioned Merwin as a gift from God. Tianjin Convention 21 Tokugawa 17-1 Transvaal 24-25 Treaties of. Hence, pay reparations, not only Shimoda and Hakodate. It was merely a link in local chain of commerce that would hit North America to China. Shogun to the Queen Victoria was dispatched with him. Japan and yet conventional tariff network was war in all aspects of Japanese commercial policy locate the negotiation with Europe and treaty conclusion to the maintenance of this international regime. Treaty of Kanagawa in Japan Definition & History Studycom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Samurai: the Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori
    THE LAST SAMURAI The Life and Battles of Saigo- Takamori MARK RAVINA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. THE LAST SAMURAI THE LAST SAMURAI The Life and Battles of Saigo- Takamori MARK RAVINA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2004 by Mark Ravina.All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada Design and production by Navta Associates, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per- mitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: [email protected]. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty:While the publisher and the author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accu- racy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials.The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suit- able for your situation.You should consult with a professional where appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan, the Rise of a Modern Power
    Ci.T ' ^ '* - \' \ i-:*<^.r •It i\' -"r -.1, -. I'; ft . V ^ , , >^i >. .k ,, \t CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION ON CHINA AND THE CHINESE DS SSsAX"""'"'"""'*'"''""^ Japan, the rise of a modern power, 3 1924 012 910 893 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 92401 291 0893 OUFFIN JAPAN The Rise of a Modern Power Oxford University Press London Edinburgh Glasgow New York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town Bonibay Humphrey Milford Publisher to the University JAPAN The Rise of a Modern Power By ROBERT P. PORTER AUTHOR OF ' THE FULL RECOGNITION OF JAPAN ', ETC OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1918 w/o?7/o PREFACE My father died while this book was in an incomplete state, although the greater part of it was in type ; and it is owing to the kindness of several of his friends who have consented to put the work into final form that it has become possible to publish it. In writing it his object was to describe, for English- speaking people, the main facts of Japanese history. Despite the efforts of numerous Orientalists to popularize knowledge of Japanese history and of Japanese political, economic, and social conditions, he felt that a great deal has yet to be done before the average British youth and adult will be as familiar with Japan as the average Japanese youth and adult are with Great Britain.
    [Show full text]