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Romania's 1990 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections

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Romania's 1990 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections IN1ERNATIONAL DELEGATIONTO THE ROMANIAN NATIONALELECfIONS May20, 1~ JOSEPH LIEBERMAN ROY HA'n'ERSLEY, MP DelegationCo-Leader DelegationCo-Leader Senator,U.S. Senate Deputy Leader,Labour Party United States Shad<7.\'Home Secretary United Kingdom HARRISON SCHMI1T DelegationCo-Leader Former U.S. Senator Apollo Astronaut United States MARK ALMOND JAN BARAN Lecturerof Modem History, GeneralCounse~ Republican Oriel College,Oxford National Committee United Kingdom United States CHRISTO DIMlTROV BRUCE BENSON ANDREYER NRIIA Board Member Member, Union of Democratic Chairman,Colorado Republican Forces Party Bulgaria United States TERRY AUUCH KEN BODE Senator,Australian Senate Director, Center for Contemporary Australia Media, DepauwUni\ersity United States DVORA AVINERI Director, Departmentof LYN BOYER InternationalCon\entions, Social Staff Member,Foreign Relations SecurityInstitute Committee,U.S. Senate Israel United States . ANN BRADLEY ~ICA DOUGIAS-HOME NRIIA Consultant Conserva~ Councilon Eastern UnitedStates Europe UnitedKingdom MARSHALLBREGER NRIIA BoardMember JOHNFLORESCU Chair,Administrati~ Conference ChiefExecuti~ Officer, David UnitedStates ParadineTelevision UnitedStates GEORGE BRUNO Member,Democratic National RICHARDA. GALEN Committee President,GeoPolitical, Ioc. UnitedStates UnitedStates SEANCARROLL PETERGANrnLOVIC NOI ProgramOfficer Member,Civic Forum UnitedStates CzechslOll"dkia THOMASCAROTHERS lARRY GARBER NOI Advisor NOI SeniorConsultant for UnitedStates Elections UnitedStates JOHNCISKY Professorof CriminalJustice, JUAN CARWS GARCIA SaginawValley State Uni~rsity NationalParty UnitedStates Honduras KARENClARK JUAN M. GARCIA NOI DeputyProgram Director PASSAlACQUA UnitedStates PoliticalAnalyst PuertoRico ~VID COLLENETTE FormerSecretary General, Liberal GEORGIPETKONOV Party GEORGIEV FormerMinister for Multicultural Member,Union of Democratic Affairs Forces Canada Bulgaria JOANN~VIDSON JOANANDERSON GROWE Member,Ohio House of Secretaryof State,Minnesota Representa~ UnitedStates UnitedStates ~ 8'"r" ";'_If!~1 JEFF HARTSHORN FRANKLIN lAVIN NRIIA ResearchAssistant Smick, Medley International United States United States , 1 DEBORAH HAUGER MICHAEL LEWAN , NDI Advisor Administrati~ Assistant,Office of United States Sen.Joseph Ueberman United States ROBERT E. HENDERSON NRIIA Vice President JEAN LUZ United States Deputy Secretaryfor International Affairs, Central DemocraticSocial TOMAS HRIVINAK Party j InternationalSecretary; Uni~rsity Portugal StudentsUnion of SICMlkia CzechoslCMlkia JOSE MANNY-lAW R Vice President,Union of the JIM KING Democratic Center SeniorVice President, AIgentina NortheasternUni~rsity i United States LEllCIA MARnNEZ "1 NDI LogisticsCoordinator , THEO KRALT United States InternationalSecretary, Christian DemocraticParty HOLLY MCGOVERN Netherlands NRIIA Public Information Assistant MARTIN KRAUSE United States Executi~ Director, Foundationfor Uberty and Democracy CEO COLE MCINTURFF Argentina Vice President,Bond, Donatelli, Inc. EMIL KUSlllAKOV United States Union of DemocraticForces Bulgaria THOMAS O. MELIA NDI Program Director ANTONIO lA PERGOlA United States Member, European Parliament, SocialistGroup SOOROOJNUNDUN MOOSUN President,Commission for Chief Electoral Commissioner DemocracyThrough Law Mauritius Italy NORMAN ORNSTEIN KElTH SCHUE1TEI ResidentScholar, American NRIIA President EnterpriseInstitute United States United States ANDREW SEMMEL RODNEY A PHILLIPS Legislati~ Assistant,Office of Sen. P~ ConserVdti~Party Richard Lugar Canada United States MARIANO S. QUffiArn. MIROSIAV SEVUEVSKI Founder,National Citizens Secretary;Bulgarian Association M~ment for Free Elections for Fair Elections (NAMFREL) Bulgaria Philippines LOTrlESHACKELFORD MICHAEL RATNER Vice Chair, DemocraticNational NDI ProgramAssistant Committee United States Former Ma)Or,Little Rock, Arkansas ANTONIO RIVERA United States Vice Ma)Or,Tegucigalpa Honduras DERRICK SMITH Member of Parliament, DING ROCO ConserVdti~Party FormerField Director, National Jamaica CitizensM~ment for Free Elections(NAMFREL) EDWARD STEWART Philippines NRIIA ProgramOfficer United States CHARLES ROYER Director,Institute of Politics, DOROTHY TAFT KennedySchool of G~rnment, Legislati~ Assistant,Office of Rep. HarVMdUni~rsity ChristopherSmith UnitedStates United States PETER SCHRAMM Do\NIEL TARSCHYS Professorof PoliticalScience, Member of ParliamentSecretary AshlandUni\ersity General,Liberal Group, Council of UnitedStates Europe S~en MARGARET THOMPSON NORBERT WIMMER NRIIA Program Director Member, ConstitutionalCourt of United States Austria Austria RANDYTIFr Legislati\eAssistant, Office of Rep. KENNETH WOLlACK Frank Wolf NDI ~ti\e Vice President United States United States ROUMEN TSANEV SUE WOOD Bulgarian Associationfor Fair Chair, InternationalInstitute for Elections Women'sPolitical Leadership Bulgaria Former Leader,National Party New Zealand RICHARD VIETS FormerU.s. Ambassadorto ZEV YAROSlAVSKY Jordanand Tanzania Councilman,City of ~ Angeles Former Deputy Chief of Mission, United States U.S. Embassy;Bucharest United States JERZY ZURAWIECKI Deputy,The Sejm, Soldarity ALP WENERFORF Poland Member of Parliament S~den NATIONAL DEMOCRAnC INSnTUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHARLFS1: MANATf Chairman Emeritus WAl:rnR E MONno\LE Chairman SENIOR ADVISORY MADELEINE K. AlBRIGHT COMMITI'EE VICeChair TO mE BG\RD R.Ad::HF1LEHOR(M7fiZ BUL ALEXANDER Sear!1ary MI aIAPL D. R-\RNFS PEIER G. KFlLY JOHN BRADEMAS 1Jt'~ BUL BRADlEY RIalARDECFl.FSIE J. BRIAN AlWOOD MARIO M. CUOMO P1Fside1It PATRIaA M. DERIAN CHRISTOPHER J. DODD ~VID MRON MICHAEL s. DUKAKIS HARRIEr C BABBnT MARCH FONG EU EUlABErn FRAWIEY R-\GlEY MADELEINE M. KUNIN JAMPS B. BOOE MIKE MANSF1F1D JOHN CULVER DONAl.D E MCHENRY JOHN P. DUNFEY no\NIEL PATRICK MOYNlliAN mOMAS E ~Lm"ON EDMUND S. MUSKIE EUGENE FJDENBERG moMAS P. O'NEll.L, JR GERAlDINE A FERRARO BUL RIalARDSON RIaIARD N. GARDNER CHARlFS s. ROBB MARIFE HERNANDFZ SI'FPHEN J. SOlARZ GERI M. JOSEPH CYRUS R VANCE JOHN 1: JOYCE ANNE WEXlER JAN KAUCKI ANDREW J. YOUNG PENN KEMBLE PAUL G. KIRK, JR KENNErn D. WOLlACK EUlOTr E KUllCK ~ VICePfesidenl JOHN LEWIS LEON LYNCH JFAN B. DUNN LEWIS ~ VICePfesidenl jJr Admini\1ralion KENNErnEMFli.EY and[)eve/()pme1U AZlE TAYLOR MORro N MARK A SIEGEL PATRIaA KEEFER MIaIAPLRSfEFD Senia-ConsullaIIJ MAURICE1FMPELSMAN WIWAM G. moMAS FSIEBAN E. TORRFS MARVIN E WFlSSBERG NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITU1E FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERI'J. I.AGOMARSINO 0Iairma1I NOFL L GROSS VICe 0Iairma1I J. WILLIAM MIDD ENDO RF Secretary-7reasun7- ~VID s. NORCROSS GenmJ/Counsel BRUCED. BFNSON CRAIGL BERKMAN MARSHAlL J. BREGER JEB BUSH ~VID DREIER PHYlliS KAMINSKY JACKA lAUGHERY RIaIARD G. LUGAR CONNIE MACK JORGEMAS EfNIARDJ. ROUJNS RalFroNWHnE RIaIARD WILLIAMSON ADVISORY OOUNCIL RIaIARD\l:AI.LEN LEE A1WA1ER FRANKJ. E-\HRENKOPI';JR PAUlA R HAWKINS JFANEJ. KIRKPA1RICK : ,,", ;..;; .'.' I :j ,.~ ". ., Co(1jright .1991 by: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and National Republican Institute for International Affairs Copies avdiIable for $6.00 J" : ", TABLE OF CONTENTS AC~OVfLEIX}~ ill FOREWORD v E}OE~S~Y 1 ~Ol>lJC110~ 3 CHAPTERS 1 mSTORICALMCKGROlJNI> 7 A Pre-CommunistRomania 7 B. CommunistRomania 9 C. The I>ecemberRemlution 11 1>. EmeIgenceof the PIOIIisionalCouncil for NationallJnity ..13 2 11llEElJECTO~~OFU( 16 A The Electoral Law 17 B. Major Parties 23 C. NOnp~Groups 30 1>. Civic and Voter Education 32 3. 11llEElJECTO~CAMPAIG~ 34 A AccesstoElectronicMedia 37 B. Newspapers 40 C. Other Materials and Methods of Information I>issemination 42 1>. Camp~f!~cing 43 E. Intimidation and Harassment. 44 E EthnicTe~ons 47 4. 11llEELEC110N 49 A. TheBallotingP~ 49 B. l>elegationsObservations 51 5. 11llE COlJNTlNG PROCESS 57 A The Vote Count 57 B. Announcementof Official Results. 58 C. Resolutionof Electoral Complaints. ro 6. CONCLlJSIONSANI> RECOMMENDo\TIO~S 61 A Conclusions 61 B. Recommendations 62 APPENDICES , I. DelegationStatement at May 18, 1~ PressConference. 68 ll. DelegationStatement at May 21, 1~ PressConference. 71 I ill. August21, 1~ article from The WashingtonPost. 74 Iv: Letter from Central Electoral Bureauto NDI and NRllA 75 v: DelegationTerms of Reference. 77 VI. ElectionDay ObservationChecklist. 83 VII. DelegationTeamReports 85 VIII. SampleBallots 121 IX. Summary: Allocation Formula for ParliamentarySeats. 127 x. National Election Resultsfrom ROMPRES (Foreign Broadcastand InformationSernce translation)and, by district, NationalCommission for Statistics. 129 ~~ :;1' i" (, , ., ;w\'"I l ,. c ... III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is the report of the 6O-member international delegation that observed the May 20, 1~ Romanian national elections. It is based on information gathered by the sponsoring organizations prior to the elections and by the delegation teams that visited 11 regions of the country during the elections. The report presents a national perspective on the electoral process, including the campaign, voting procedures and the tabulation of the results. The report was prepared under the auspices of the delegation's sponsoring organizations, the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) and the National Republican Institute for International Affairs (NRllA), after consultations with members of the delegation. While these consultations indicate a consensus for the conclusions reached herein, NDI and NRllA assume full responsibility for the accuracy of the report The report was drafted by NDI advisor Thomas Carothers and NDI Deputy Program Director Karen Oark. The team reports were prepared by
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