'818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10 of the State of Montana, to the Congress of reading clerks, announced that the House teacher can accomplish. Such a teacher the United States in support of the Com­ had passed a bill Milwaukee ment intended to be proposed by him meetings held by the Work Projects Admin­ Journal of Friday, January 31, 1941. to the bill ermit .Mrs. C. B. Allen, that, is neither enlightening nor convincing. the construction and maintenance of lab­ ot Grayburg, Tex., to bring suit against the Citizens know that an investigator from oratory and other facilities on Barro Colo­ United States Railroad R-etirement Board in national W. P. A. headquarters was sent to rado Island, Canal Zone, under the provi­ the District COurt 'Of the United States for Milwaukee to hear complaints that the local sions of the act approved July 2, 1940, with­ the Eastern District of Texas; to the Commit­ W. P. A. was dominated by Local 113 of the out .reference to section 3709 of the Revised tee on the Judiciary. A. F. L. Common Laborers and HOd Carriers• Statutes and . civil-service requirements, S. 839. A bill to authorize the appointment Union. They know that the complaints were $10,000." of female _dietitians and female physical­ heard behind dosed doors. They know that therapy aides in the medical Department o! subsequently a report was mad-e to Linus Mr. BARBOUR also submitted an the Army; and Glotzbach at St. Paul. They know that Mr. amendment identical With the foregoing Glotzbach came to Milwaukee to confer with 8. 840. A bill to create the grade Of avia­ intended to be proposed by him to the Mar.k A. Muth, the top W. P. A. official for tion cadet in the Air Corps, Regular Army, first deficiency appropriation bill, which Wisconsin. They know of tbe present dis­ and to prescribe the pay and allowances missals. And that 1s all they know. was referred to the Committee on Ap­ therefor. and for other purposes; the Com­ to Is this public business or Isn't it? If it is, propriations and ordered . to be printed. mittee on Military .AffairB. why an the secrecy? If it is not, just what AMENDMENT TO THE LEND-LEASE BILL By Mr. NYE: is the W. P. A., anyway? S. 841. A bill relating to the malting of cer­ This attitude of ''We'll take care of every­ Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, in sub­ tain payments in connection with the 1937 thing and the whys and wherefores are none soil-conservation program; and mitting the amendment I am now pro­ Of YOUT business" 1s not helping theW. P. A. posing, I to S . 842. A ·bill relating to the purchase <>f in popular esteem. A feeling is growing that desire briefiy to explain the certain land for inclusion within the Bel­ the W. P. A. has outlived any usefulness it Senate the reasons which, in my opinion, trami Island Project, Minn.; to the Commit­ had and that feeling ls encouraged by the necessitate this addition to the lend­ tee on Agriculture and Forestry. ·secrecy that has surrounded W . P. A. activi­ lease bill, Senate bill 275. S. 843. A bill for the relief of Fran<:ts Lee ties from the days of the mismanagement of It is within the knowledge of Senators Harbough; and Harry Hopkins to the 'rery present. who represent agricultural States that 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 823 the economic consequences of this . war change the situation materially and place to a full year's disappearance, of which press most heavily on our American upon our Government the obligation of 500,000,000 bushels will be in the United farmers, the growers of ·wheat, cotton, seeking to reopen the British market to States and 600,000,000 bushels in Canada. tobacco, corn, fruits, and foodstuffs in our surpluses of farm products. At the present time the net world needs general, primary and manufactured, be­ It seems to me that our defense plans are only 400,000,000 bushels, and to the cause of the virtual exclusion of these call for such an arrangement, whereby United States-Canadian supply must be commodities from their former leading American growers of wheat, cotton, to­ added the Argentine and Australian sur­ markets. The latest report of the De­ bacco, fruits, lard, and other products pluses, the aggregate being a staggering partment of Commerce on our trade for would not be the sole sufferers by loss of amount. Britain has been giving pref­ 1940 states specifically that in recent their export trade. British dominions erence to her dominions and to the ster­ months the exports of the two food and other present sources of British ling countries in her purchases of wheat, groups reached their lowest level since foodstuffs and other supplies should, in thereby virtually excluding wheat im­ 1869. all fairness, recognize the claims of the ports from the United States. Such is Temporary relief has been given by United States' agricultural interests to the outlook for our wheat farmers, who Government purchases of portions of the disposal of a substantial portion of have already suffered much from depres­ these surpluses, by loans against sur­ their accumulating surpluses in the sion and drought. pluses, by increased Government pur­ United Kingdom market. It is not only with the monetary value chases for the defense services, and, to Under the provisions of the lease-lend of these wartime losses .that our growers some additional extent, by increased do­ bill the terms of repayment could be ar­ are concerned, seeing that Government mestic consumption due to improved ranged on a deferred basis; repayment, relief in some degree mitigates the buying power of domestic consumers. if necessary, to be made in goods not in­ severity of these economic consequences By and large, however, the problem of jurious to our domestic interests. The of the war. Of mbre serious concern are finding outlets for these farm surpluses question of repayment is a detail which the possible permanent effects of the is, in some of its wartime aspects, of the administration could work out, as in diversion of British purchases into new serious consequence to the agricultural the case of war materials to be loaned or channels, stimulating increased produc-· States, and one for which a solution leased. The sale of a portion of our farm tion in competing countries and intensi­ should be found, if economic difficulties surpluses at this time would relieve the fying our American competition growers at the end of the war are to be lessened. Government from the necessity of renew­ in the future. Extended powers have been given to ing loans or purchases on farm products This applies particularly to cotton and the Reconstruction Financf! Corporation, in the amounts now found necessary tobacco, which are peculiarly sensitive to 8tS appears "in Public Law No. 664, ap­ since the beginning of the war. the harm wrought by the interruption proved June 25, 1940, to aid our export There. are· more important reasons, of trade, during which consumer pref-· and import trade as an essential part how.ever, why the disposal of our, farm erence may undergo a permanent of the national-defense program. These surpluses should form a part of this bill change. We have seen our leading ex-· powers, according to the· recent report of by the adoption of my amendment. port commodity, raw cotton, gradually the Administrator, Mr. Jesse H. Jones, Our national-defense plans, aided by superseded by the impetus which policies published in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the powers given to the R. F. C., call for a abroad of self.:.sufficiency and war pre­ of January 27, 1941, page 342, are being united national front in the present crisis. paredness have given to the planting of exercised mainly in securing imports of We must avoid at all hazards any discon­ cotton in other countries. Tobacco sim- strategic and critical materials, includ­ tent arising out of our defense plans. It. . ilarly is subject to the preference of the ing antimony from China, chrome ore is of small account to the growers of· consumer, which may be changed to the from South Africa and the Philippines, wheat, cotton, tobacco, fruits, lumber, detriment of American tobacco, if sub- copper from Latin America, graphite and other products of the soil, to be told . ject for any length of time to exclusion from Madagascar, manganese ore from that our 1940 foreign trade showed an from its former markets. Any interrup­ far eastern and Latin American sources, export balance of more than a billion tion . to the continuity of our contacts tin from Bolivia and the Far East, and dollars. I refer those interested to the with foreign markets· is bound to have crude rubber from Malaya and Latin . exact figures in the Department of Com­ adverse effects upon our future foreign America. The financial commitments merce Report for 1940. trade. With our shipping and salesmen by the companies formed by the R. F. C. . American farmers will not be satisfied denied access to countries in the war amount to $1,100,000,000. with the statement that our wartime zones, it is incumbent upon the Con­ Imports of these essential strategic trade abroad compensates the United gress to devise some means whereby our and critical materials provide dollar ex­ States in value for loss of our agricultural exports of agricultural products do not change which should be available for markets. Out in California they are suffer any permanent loss through neg­ purchases of United States products, in­ pulling up fruit trees, and in Texas cut­ lect to make reasonable precautions. cluding substantial portions of our farm ting down the cotton:crop area by 40 per­ There is a further reason why this surpluses which are rapidly accumulat­ cent, while our tobacco growers are driven amendment should be adopted. Our de­ ing, owing to exclusion from former mar­ also to reducing their planting. InMon­ fense program involves during wartime kets. As a Nation, we have hesitated in tana and Virginia apple growers are cut the maintenance, in the highest degree. the past in doing what Great Britain and off from former markets. of our domestic economy. If we as a other leading trading nations have in­ The wheat growers of the Nation are nation are to take a leading part as the sisted upon, in having a definite tie be­ faced with disaster, as the round figures creators of a new world order, as against tween our loans and credits and the buy­ on the estimated supply for the United the totalitarian aims of the Axis Powers, ing power thus provided the borrowing States and Canada show. On next Au­ we must be strong to resist any en­ nation for taking more of our products. gust 1 the carry-over is estimated at croachments of a character incompatible The severity of this wartime blow to 400,000,000 bushels for the United States, with our democratic way of life. With our farmers, contrasted with the in­ and 500,000,000 bushels for Canada, a pan America as a solid front on this crease in their exports during the pre­ total of 900,000,000 bushels. Prospects Western Hemisphere, we shall need the vious war, calls for prompt action in link­ for the 1941 wheat crop at present are alliance of other . democracies to insure ing our large imports of defense mate­ for 800,000,000 for the United States, and the defeat of any post-war plans which rials to our farm-export problem. 500,000,000 bushels for Canada, a total of would menace our future by any infiltra­ We recognize, of course, the difficulties 1,300,000,000 bushels, which, together tion of subversive Axis economic doc­ of Great Britain under the cash-and­ with the carry-over, makes a total of trines. carry provisions of our Neutrality Act, the 2,200,000,000 bushels available for the It will be necessary to have an under­ necessity of conserving her dollar ex­ 1941-42 marketing year. The expected standing, if not a definite agreement, change for the purchase of essential disappearance during the marketing year with other democratic nations, which will armaments in the United States, and the is 700,000,000 bushels for the United insure a peace by which the economic consequent diversion to British countries States, and 400,000,000 bushels for Can­ freedom and independence of all nations, of purchases of foodstuffs, tobacco, lum­ ada, a total of 1,100,000,000 bushels, leav­ great and small, shall be recognized and ber, fruits, and other goods. The lease­ ing on August 1, 1942, the unprecedented guaranteed, as a basis of freer commer­ lend bill, however, if finally passed, will carry-over of 1,100,000,000 bushels, equal cial relations. 824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10 There are great difficulties ahead of THE WAR IN EUROPE AND THE DANGER TO HELP SAVE ENGLAND--EDITORIAL BY CLINTON the United States, in the period of re­ DEMOCRACY N. HOWARD construction and readjustment from a [Mr. PEPPER asked and obtained leave to [Mr. CAPPER asked and obtained leave~ wartime to a peacetime economy, neces­ have printed in the RECORD three addresses have printed in the RECORD an editorial by sitating adjustment to new and changed delivered by him regarding conditions Dr. Clinton N. Howard, published in Progress magazine for February under the head­ condition~ throughout the world. War­ brought on by the war, which appear in the 1941 Appendix.) line "Help save England,'' which appears 1n time self -sufficiency in all lands will cre­ the Appendix.] ate new barriers to trade and intensify ADDRESS BY PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL ON competition for markets. We cannot BRITAIN'S GROWING STRENGTH IN WAR WATER-POWER DEVELOP:MENT AND THE NEW forget that our American farmers were RIVER CASE [Mr. PEPPER asked and obtained leave to the first to meet the deflationary shock have printed in the Appendix the address [Mr. NORRIS asked and obtained leave to that succeeded the previous Great War; on Britain's growing strength in the war, de­ have printed in the RECORD a portion of an the foreclosing of mortgages, and the livered over the radio by Prime Minister article by John W. Scott, of the Federal Power dire distress which overwhelmed our Winston Churchill, Sunday, February 9, 1941, Commission, entitled "Water-Power Develop­ agricultural States. Nor can we forget which appears in the Appendix.] ment and the New River Case," which appears the sufferings of millions of unemployed in the Appendix.] ADDRESS BY SENATOR BALL ON LABOR RELA­ workers after the war and following the TIONS AND NATIONAL DEFENSE BURNS & M'DONNELL ENGINEERING CO.­ great depression that swept over the REPLY TO EXHIBIT [Mr. BALL asked and obtained leave to world in 1929 and after. With these ex­ have printed in the RECORD a radio address [Mr. BONE asked and obtained leave to periences fresh in our memory, we must delivered by him on February 3, 1941, on the have printed in the RECORD the reply to the do all that is possible at this stage to pro­ subject of labor relations and national de­ exhibit presented by Senator BRIDGES and vide against a recurrence of these fense, which appears in the Appendix.] published in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of calamities. January 8, 1941, relative to Burns & Mc­ I am not unaware of the difficulties ADDRESS. BY HON. ROBERT H. JACKSON ON Donnell Engineering Co., which appears in industry will meet in the post-war pe­ LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR NATIONAL SE­ the Appendix.) riod of readjustment to peacetime pro­ CURITY APPROPRIATIONS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE [Mr. MEAD asked and obtained leave to duction. It is obvious, however, that no Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, I under­ country can attain economic strength have printed in the RECORD a radio address on law enforcement for national security, de­ stand the junior Senator from Massa­ and security sufficient to overcome these livered by Hon. Robert H. Jackson, Attorney chusetts [Mr. LoDGE] desires to address post-war troubles in which its domestic General of the United States, before the the Senate, and .I should like to state economy does not rest securely on a Saturday Afternoon Forum of the National that I had hoped to bring up this morn­ prosperous agricultural community. We Democratic Club at New York City, J;i'ebruary ing an appropriation bill, the considera­ must avoid the mistakes of the previous 8, 1941, which appears in the Appendix.) tion of which I do not ·believe will take post-war period and see that the Ameri­ ADDRESS BY AMBASSADOR FROM CHILE ON very long. can farmer is not left to bear the · full PAN-AMERICAN UNITY · Mr. LODGE. Does the Senator desire brunt of the disturbing factors which to move that the bill be taken up? the economic consequences of this co­ [Mr. O'MAHONEY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the RECORD an address de­ Mr. ADAMS. I wish to ask unanimous · lossal war will inevitably bring in its consent that the Senate proceed to con­ train. Our farmers must have some as­ livered by His Excellency Rodolfo Michels, Ambassador of Chile, before the annual din­ sider House Joint Resolution 89, making surance that their interests are not need­ ner of the Columbia University Alumni Asso­ an additional appropriation for the fiscal lessly sacrificed to the exigencies of war. ciation at the National Press Club in Wash­ year ending June 30, 1941. The amendment I am offering will pro­ ington, D. C., February 8, 1941, which appears vide the President with power to dispose in the Appendix.) The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ of our agricultural surpluses in part ex­ jection to the request of the Senator from ADDRESS BY REV. MAURICE S. SHEEHY ON Colorado? change for the vast quantities of war "FENCE SITTERS" materials, shipping, and other all-out aid There being no objection, the Senate short of war which this bill, when en­ [Mr. BYRNES asked and obtained leave to proceeded to consider the joint resolu­ acted, will make available to the forces have printed in the RECoRD a radio address tion Poland, and have savagely demand for these powers? They cannot Atlantic coast and the Panama Canal maimed heroic Finland. Nothing in this be explained on the basis of aid to Brit­ cannot be made safe against explosions bill prevents more American aid to Russia. ain. Let us, therefore, look at them in in the locks until 1946. We wasted the Looking at the other side of this grim the light of our past administrative first 9 months of the war; the sentry picture, we admire and respect Great experience. was asleep at his post, As has been Britain. So determined and gallant a One thing which symbolizes the past, often pointed out, we live in a world in fight for one's own country is something insofar as the United States Government which an unfriendly Germany, an un­ which will always command the respect is concerned, is the large number of friendly Japan, and an unfriendly Russia and enthusiasm of Americans. May we legally declared emergencies. Official are looking at the United States. Our show the courage which they have reference works show that since March 4, first question is, Is it wise for us in such shown-and which Greece has so trium­ 1933, there have been some 80 statements a world to divide our slender forces and phantly displayed-if we ever are re­ of emergency. Some of these emer­ our limited war materials and send them quired to defend our country. gencies, like the· banking, the drought, abroad rather than keep them together Moreover, our interest in Great Britain and the flood emergencies, are easy to and take full advantage of our central is not only one of sentiment. We must understand. Let us look at some of the position for defense? look at this war as it affects us from a others: military and an economic standpoint. There was the emergency demand for The real urgency confronting this economy in Government-an emergency country is not so much one of legisla­ The statements of every responsible military expert give us good grounds about which the President said, "We must tion as it is one of production. The not wait." Has this result been achieved? Executive has ample legislative authority for hoping that we could resist invasion of our vital zone regardless of the out­ There was the emergency demand "to now. Instead of talking about "all out come of the war if we are reasonably well rescue agriculture." Has agriculture aid," we should think about "all out pro­ prepared. been rescued? duction." But this is something which The economic consequences of a Brit­ There was the emergency of unem­ this bill does nothing whatsoever to pro­ ish reverse are startling to contemplate, ployment relief and the pledge that the mote, something which it does not touch. although obviously no man can speak Federal Government would care for em­ Any Senator will try to get the very with certainty about just what they will ployatles. Was this done? Is it not true best information and advice on a vital be. The post-war picture will be a very that, in spite of the defense program, question of this kind. This is particu­ depressing and bad one no matter who 8,000,000 people are still out of work larly true of a man like myself who has is successful. In any event, the Ameri­ today? been a student of military problems for can people will probably face reduced There was the oil-industry emergency years and who has visited Europe, Asia, living standards, increased unemploy­ of April 1933. With what result? and Latin America as a newspaperman. ment, and a very substantial increase in There was the gold-coin emergency in For 15 years I have been a member of Government control of human activities. that same year. Where has this led us? the Army Reserve, attending maneuvers A British reverse in Europe is, how­ There was the emergency relating to and exercises of all sorts. Last year I ever, primarily something which would the foreclosure of small home mort­ was on active duty with troops for several be agonizing to our emotions and detri­ gages-assuredly a worthy object. But is weeks. I am now engaged in my spare mental to world affairs. It would not be not the Government doing the foreclosing time on the preparation of military-ex­ fatal to our national existence and it now? tension courses for the War Department. would not be fatal to the life and physi­ There was the National Industrial Re­ I do not pose as an expert, as I have cal security of the American people. covery Act, about which, in his message said here many times, but as a student For these things we depend on our­ of proposal, the President said: who appreciates the importance of the selves alone. It is urgently necessary immediately to decisions which face us. When and if my Nor can I believe that such a reverse initiate a reemployment campaign. country goes to war I shall serve. would be fatal to our economic system. When we are told that a victorious Ger­ What, may one ask, has happened to Moreover, a Senator from Massachu­ many would dump its goods in foreign that campaign? setts-a State which would be irt an ex­ markets and would resort to barter in­ There were the reciprocal trade agree­ posed position if the United States were stead of established methods of inter­ ments, which were described as "part of attacked-knows the need not only for. national trade, properly financed, it is an emergency program" and as designed national defense, but also for a strong well to remember that this is a game at to bring world peace. Did it achieve its Canada. Our fate and that of the Do­ which two can play. We can dump and goal? minion of Canada are so closely inter­ we can barter in foreign trade if nec­ Then there was the court-packing twined that any blow in this hemisphere essary. emergency, which consumed the first 9 which would be .dangerous to Canada It is in that spirit of sympathy and months of the year of 1937. What did would be dangerous to the United States. support. to a brave people fighting in that accomplish? 826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10 There· was a message in that same year tary body in Europe. Look at them from Congress more funds to build up for the merchant marine, in which this today. our own Army and NavY. These re­ statements occurs: And so we come to our present fiscal quests could not be refused. We therefore The question comes-what are we going to condition, in which we are piling up a have a combination of unlimited power do about it? The answer is build ships-the debt and steadily spending more than we plus unlimited funds. This is all that is best and most modern ships-and build them are tak\ng in. If a people by restrictive needed to set up totalitarian controls right away. and punitive legislation are deprived of over wages, prices, and production. It Where are our much-needed ships to­ the power to earn, it logically follows that is such power as this, wielded in the past day? there is nothing left to tax. The only by tyrants and kings, which called repre­ Some may have forgotten it, but there real asset that any government has is sentative assemblies into being. As has was an emergency in the autumn of 1937. the power to tax. The practice of creat­ been well said on another occasion, it In a fireside chat the President an­ ing deficits year by year, if continued, is too much power for a bad man-to have; nounced that he would call a special ses­ leads to the confiscation .of all property, it is too much power for a good man to sion of Congress- to inflation, and to the repudiation of all want. debts-unless a system of totalitarian We can say this utterly without parti­ to consider immediately certain important control is established, which is the end of sanship, without personalities, and with­ legislation which my recent trip through the Nation convinces me the American people all free enterprise and of true democ­ out bitterness. We ask our questions, immediately need. racy. The history of nations reveals this mindful of the words of a great Massa­ same dreary chain of events. All seem chusetts Senator-maybe the greatest What did this special session accom­ to spend more than they take in; and the who ever lived-Daniel Webster. This is plish? The only law which I recall as result is either inflation and bankruptcy what he said: having passed was a resolution appro­ or the finding of a strong man-not nec­ It is hardly too strong to say that the Con­ priating funds for the extra mileage of essarily a good man. stitution was made to guard against danger the Members of Congress. What hap­ We like the great social advances of good intentions, real or pretended. There pened to that emergency? which we have made in the past few are men in all ages who mean to use power usefully, but who mean to exercise it. They In 1938 a message was sent to Congress years. Let us hope that we shall be able mean to govern well, but they mean to gov­ asking for railway legislation- to maintain them. Yet, despite all the ern; they promise to be kind masters, but in order to prevent serious financial and op­ artificial fiscal stimulants which have they mean to be masters. Their notion of erating difficulties between now and the con­ been applied, little real progress has been public interest is lik.ely to be quite closely vening of the next Congress. made. It is enough to know that there connected with their own exercise of au­ are still 8,000,000 people unemployed in thority. The love of power may sink too deep Have these serious operating and in their hearts even for their own security. financial difficulties been removed? spite of the defense program. Freedom Then came the European crisis center­ from want-right here in the United Those who oppose giving this vast dis­ ing at Munich. On September 26, 1938, States-is still as pressing an issue as it cretion to the President cannot be ac­ in a peace plea cabled to President Benes, ever was. Many are still undernourished, cused of lacking sympathy for Britain, of Czechoslovakia, and to Hitler, the ill housed, and poorly clad. with which this bill has such a really in­ President described this emergency in Can we not also assert that no nation direct connection. Nor can they be ac­ these terms: ever wins in war? A few physical assets, cused of blindness to the inefficiencies of The fabric of peace on the Continent of which often prove liabilities, may be ob­ certain democracies. We can indeed Europe, if not throughout the rest of the tained, but in the last analysis the net learn much by studying the tragic fate world, is in immediate danger. The conse­ result is grief. With this prospect facing of France and by determining that, un­ quences of its rupture are incalculable. us, any discussion of isolationism is ac­ like France, we shall not be guilty of Should hostilities break out, the lives of mil­ ademic. After this war is over the eco­ going to war when we are unprepared lions of men, women, and childi en in every nomic forces of the world will isolate us and that, unlike France, we shall never country involved will most certainly be lost whether ·we like it or not. When the war follow a foreign policy which our mili­ under ' circumstances of unspeakable horror. tary strength is not strong enough to The economic system of every country in­ is over the belligerents will be so finan­ volved is certain to be shattered. The social cially, economically, and probably physi­ carry out. structure of every country involved may well cally prostrated that they will be com­ But while we see the weaknesses and be completely wrecked. pelled to live within themselves, unless the errors of democracy, we must not charity is obtainable; and where will such plunge headlong into the opposite direc­ Events which have taken place since charity be found? Is not the real pros­ tion and, merely because Hitler has won that time show that the President in this pect in most of those countries one of in­ some victories,. conclude that the only dramatic, eloquent, and, I think, beauti­ ternal revolutionary disorders? course open to us is to establish dicta­ ful description of the Munich emergency One may ask why all this talk about torial methods here as well. Only a few did not exaggerate. It is as bad, if not the economic consequences of this war. days ago the army of the greatest re­ worse, than he foretold. But what was Why all this talk about the past? Be­ maining European democracy defeated done about it? Was a defense program cause it is only by looking at these fac­ the army of a nation which is as com­ begun? This was more than 2 years ago. tors that we can explain the real conse­ pletely under the sway of a dictator as If our defense efforts had started then, quence of this bill. I ask Senators whom any nation in the world. There is a we would be well-nigh impregnable today. I see before me, whose experience as vitality to democracy which no other As the President himself said later: Governors of great States, fiscal experts, form of government possesses. If this Our defense as it was yesterday, or even as and students of foreign affairs is well were not true, our system would never it is today, does not provide security. have endured. In our zeal to defend known, to look at the record of the past. democracy abroad, let us not assassinate How true and how baffling. We seem Try to see ahead into the future and you democracy at home. to see the emergency. We seem to vote will then ask yourself the question, Is not Let us have a little faith in ourselves. appropriations and to pass laws. But this bill really part of the pattern of in­ Let us have faith in the words of our we do not seem to follow through, We ternal control and not primarily a part leaders. Let us recall that on October do not seem to get results. We do not of military or foreign policy? Is not this 23, 1940, President Roosevelt said: seem to solve the problem. Whether it bill really another step in the control To every man, woman, and child in the is due to indifference or apathy of Con­ of free enterprise? In this bill do we Nation I say this, Your President and your gress, it is easier to pass a general bill not find those totalitarian controls of Secretary of State are following the road to giving away a lot of broad powers than it which we have heard and read so much? peace. We are arming ourselves not for any is to think out a bill that will in real de­ Do our past acts and this bill conform foreign war. We are arming ourselves not for any purpose of conquest or intervention tail come to grips with the situation. It to our American ideals of government? · in foreign disputes. I repeat again that I is easier to vote "yea" than it is to think Note well that there is no limit on the stand on the platform of our party. "We a thing through. amount of money which could be spent will not participate in foreign wars and wm It is easier to concentrate power than under the terms of the bill. The Execu­ not send our Army, naval, or· air forces to to retain responsibility. That, Senators, tive could give away our own weapons fight in foreign lands outside of the Amer­ has been the history of every parliamen- in unlimited amounts and then request icas, excep~ in case o:f attack." 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 827 Let us remember that on October 2, it the whole military manufacturing power of are provided in their Constitution for 1940, Wendell Willkie said: the United States at his discretion. making changes by the people. The administration may well draw such a . To pass a definite, just, and reasonable The American people do not . want war. bill for Congress to circumscribe, but to pass They bave no idea whatever of joining in any bill as a salute to our hard-pressed conflict whether on the Atlantic or the Pa· it in that form could only be the result of friends abroad is one thing. That would cific. They are determined to keep America hysteria, and the conditions do not justify be orderly. That would be constitu­ at peace. In this determination I stand with hysteria here. Those of us who desire to help England to the utmost, whether it unfortu­ tional. But to convey the power of life them: I am for keeping out of war. · I am and death at the unlimited discretion of for peace for America. • • • We must nately leads to war or not, can do it best if not rashly move. Any man who involves us we do not lose our heads. one man is something which I cannot do. in the risk of war while we are thus unpre­ The provisions of this bill endanger Mr. CONNAI LY. Mr. President will pared, betrays his country. the Senator yield? ' some of our most precious values. Its The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Let us have faith in our own institu­ provisions authorizing the seizure of bel­ Senator from Massachusetts yield to the tions. Let not our desire to establish ligerent ships in our waters and its lan­ Senator from Texas? free speech everywhere in the world blind guage permitting the repair of belligerent Mr. LODGE. I yield. us to the advantages of retaining free vessels in our ports clearly increase the danger of our entry into war-and if we Mr. CONNALLY. I wish to say to the speech in this country. Let us hope that Senator that I very deeply regret that I the words "shame them, and if that are at war, what happens to individual freedom? The weapons which can be w~ denied the pleasure of hearing his fails, use the sovereignty of government" entire address. However, I noticed that did not mean that there would be a de­ sent· abroad under the terms of this bill the Senator from Massachusetts said nial of free speech for Democrats, Re­ could unquestionably seriously weaken something to the effect that this bill publicans, or Independents who do not our Army and Navy. If we intervene in would authorize the President to seize all happen to agree with those now in con:. a war not of our own making, we lose, as foreign ships in our ports. Where in the trol. Let there be no attempt to dis­ has so often happened before. We are bill does the Senator :find that provision? credit or persecute the man who thinks berated by the nations we oppose and forgotten and criticized by the nations we Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, I have not for himself. before me at the moment a copy of the Let not our zeal for free worship for presume to help. And how will our bill. others-commendable as this is-cause neighbors in Latin America square this further step toward war with the pacific Mr. CONNALLY. I am sure the Sen­ us ever to lose sight of the fact that ours a~or did not have a copy of the bill before is one of the few lands in the world sentiments of our good-neighbor policy? If the President really wants us to go h1m when he said that. where the rabbi, the priest, and the min­ to war, let him bring in a message to Mr. LODGE. Let me refer to page 2 ister can lead their flocks in worship Congress to that effect and put the issue line 19: . ' according to the dictates of their own to a vote. The American people have a (1) To manufacture in arsenals, factories, consciences. right to go to war if they want to; but and shipyards under their jurisdiction, or In conclusion, I should like to read a they should do so of their own free will otherwise procure, any defense article for the letter which I have received from a prom­ deliberately, and not slip into it sideway~ government of any country. inent citizen of my State-a citizen whose without knowing what is happening to Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator view, I believe, is typical of that of many them until it is too late. construe "to procure" as meaning to au­ of the thinking people in Massachusetts: There is such a thing as a declaration thorize the President by force to take the DEAR SENATOR LODGE: I am writing this to of war. To this tragic error I am op­ property of the people of the United express the opinions of my business associates posed. sta:tes away from them without compen­ as well as my own opinion in regard to the satiOn, or to seize ships in our harbors? so-called lease-lend bill. We have talked this There is such a thing as a bill to aid over here, and we would like to go on record Britain. A concrete and· definite bill, Does the Senator so construe the lan­ as follows: within reasonable limits that is just to all guage just referred to? We heartily favor assisting England in this parties, will have my support. Mr. LODGE. I should think there is situation with ships and planes and other There is such a thing as a bill to estab­ considerable doubt about that. necessary supplies to the full limit of our lish internal dictatorship. For this I will Mr. CONNALLY. If there is any doubt ability to produce them. We feel that it is not vote. about it, why did the Senator make the more important for our own defense to have definite statement? these supplies go to England just now than Let us call things by their proper · Mr. LODGE. No; I say there is a to accumulate them here. We feel that we names. doubt that the bill authorizes that. should be very liberal in our terms as to pay­ Not only does this bill increase the ment for these goods. When it is apparent Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator a while that England cannot pay cash for 'these, we danger of foreign war and the danger of ago said that the bill did authorize that. think we should either lend or give these totalitarian control at home but it en­ Mr. LODGE. Yes; I believe the bill materials. If the technicalities of the law ables the President at his discretion to does do so. make it necessary to lend them money in enter into such alliances with such for­ Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator be­ order to accomplish this, we think it should eign nations as suit him. Most of us had lieves the bill does? be done, with the full realization that Eng­ thought that an alliance with a foreign land probably cannot repay us, and that we Mr. LODGE. Yes. nation was a matter to be embodied in a Mr. CONNALLY. And that is the would rather have a solvent England to do treaty and ratified by a two-thirds vote business with in the future than an insolvent place where the bill does it, where it reads one owing us money which cannot be repaid. of the Senate. This is what our Consti­ "or otherwise procure"? Is that right? We hope that Congress can give the Presi· tution says. This is what we have always Mr. LODGE. Otherwise procure; yes. dent power to accomplish these things, but done in the past. If the President alone Mr. CONNALLY. Does that mean con­ we are opposed to gi¥ing him the unlimited is to have the power to put the United fiscate or seize the ships of neutral na­ power called ·for in the proposed lease-lend States into alliances with foreign coun­ bill. We d.o not think it wise to try to cover tions that are in our harbors? tries, the people ought to know it. If Mr. LODGE. I think it means to pro­ all unforeseen emergencies at this time, but the President has this power, what limit we believe that Congress should be prepared is there to the number of international cure or acquire. to act promptly when such emergencies do organizations which we might be re­ Mr. CONNALLY. The bill says "pro­ arise. We understand that one reason these cure." unlimited powers are asked for is because of quired in the future to join-and under­ the fear of delay and obstruction in Congress, write with our money and blood? In­ Mr. LODGE. Yes; that is what I think and we feel it is most important for Congress deed, the powers which are given to the it means. to meet this criticism by prompt action. President in this bill can have such a far­ Mr. CONNALLY. Well, "acquire" does reaching effect on our internal structure not necessarily mean acquire unlawfully Here is what former President Lowell, or illegally by violence, by highjacking, of Harvard University, says: as to make it unrecognizable. It is not for the executive, the legislative, or the by larceny or theft or pilfering or seizure, The lend-lease bill authorizes any President does it? of the United States, if he deems it in the judicial branches to change this demo­ interest of national defense, to lend-prac­ cratic government of ours by direct or Mr. LODGE. Not necessarily. tically to give away--our whole Navy and air indirect action. This Government be­ Mr. CONNALLY· The Senator, I as­ force to any foreign nation and turn over to longs to the people, and lawful methods sume, is in favor of aiding Great Britain, 828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10 as I judge from what I heard when I · does not -reflect a great deal of credit (In fact about the condition of our national came into the Chamber. the Senator fr-om Texas. defense they are reprimanded for s0 Mr. LODGE. Yes; within reasonable The Senator from Massaehusetts doing. So l cannot be specific about limits and on a just basis. wants to give aid to Britain. Does he that, butt can say that I believe that if Mr. CONNALLY. The Senat-or is fa­ want to give them enough aid to do the we y;ould approach this question on the vorable to the United States Government job or does be wish to give a little aid basis of fact, take eaeh in-stance on its extending aid to Gr-eat Britain? so as to say we tried to help them but own .merit, -and go right down through Mr. LODGE. That Js cor11ect. they could not.do anything. The Senator the list of .30-caliber machine guns; .75 .Mr. CONNALLY. I speak as a m-ember would not want to give them any aid and 155 artillery; tanks, medium and of the Committee on Foreign Relations; unless he could give them enough aid light; and bombers, pursuit planes, and we have been having hearings and are to do the job, would he? training planes, we could say that in s-ome seeking information from all possible Mr. LODGE. If it meant putting the cases we could spare some of them with­ sources. Would the Senator extend such American people into the war, I would out Jmperiling our program. aid? . What would he do about it, and not want to go that f.ar. Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Senator how much aid would he extend? Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator from for his illuminating reply. If the Sen­ .Mr. LODGE. I believe that aid could Texas did not ask the Senator about ator believes that we can furnish some be extended in a simple bill whieh mad-e getting into war; he asked what degree kind of arms and some kinds of ammuni­ a certain amount of fund-s available. of aid the Senator from Massachusetts tion to Great Britain without weakening Mr. CONNALLY. How great an would render. Would the Senator .from our own national defense, does he favor amount? Massachusetts want to give them enough that? Mr. LODGE. That is a matter about aid to enable them to defend themselves Mr. LODGE. Yes; I think that would which I -should like to -consult the ex­ succeSSfully or would he merely want to be fine. perts. I myself am not on the commit­ give them just a little dribble of aid now Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator tee. but there should be those who would and then? favor doing it now or at some other time know just what the amount ought to be. Mr. LODGE. I think there is an in the future? He favors doing it now, All I can do is t-o indicate a general ap­ amount between the dribble of which does he not? proach. the Senator speaks and all-out aid, on Mr. LODGE. I am opposed to delay, Mr. CONiNALLY. Mr. President­ the other hand. and, while I am opposed to this bill, I can Mr. LODGE. Does the Senator want Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator has certainly assure the Senator I am not go­ me to complete my answer to his ques- limited it. Will ·he ten us what that ing to try to delay its passage, but will try tion? . point is. How much aid would the Sen­ to state my own position without in any Mr. CONNALLY. Yes; let the Senator ator give? way delaying the bill. Mr. LODGE. I can say I am opposed finish the .answer. HIGHWAY POST OFFICE SERVI.CE Mr. LODGE. My general approach to going to war. would be to make funds available, with Mr. CONNALLY. We will assume we Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, to­ as much security as is available, and are all opposed to that. day marks the establishment by the Post .lJl,ake weapons available on a basis that Mr. LODGE. And I am opposed to Office Department of a new highway post­ would not interfere with -our own train­ sending weapons abroad lf thereby we office service. ing program and our own defense. would impair our own national defense On Saturday last, .as chairman of the 1 believe that .if we adopt the approach or our own training program. I .am not Senate Committee on Post Offices and which I have tried to outline in my one of those who think that it would be Post Roads, it was my pleasure, in com­ speech, of taking up things specifically, fatal to our survival for the British to pany with the distinguished Vice Pr-esi­ ·we can ten whether we have certain have a reverse. I think it would be de­ dent, the able Postmaster General, my weapons which we can dispose of t-o for­ sirable, high1y desirable, to have the Brit­ very good friend and colleague the Sena­ eign countries without injuring our own ish win, but 1 do not think it is absolutely tor from Virginia [Mr. BYRD], and Repre­ training program, or whether we have vital to the life and security of our peo­ sentative WILLIS ROBERTSON, also of Vir­ not; but the minute we start niaking ple. That is the criterion I would apply ginia, to participate in a preliminary general rules and broad declarations of on the question {)f aid. I believe that. a cer-emony in front {)f the Capitol marking policy, then we begin to g.et into trouble, great deal of aid that would make a vast the establishment of this new highway My approach would be a specific, con­ difference could be extended under the post-office service. The service estab­ crete, definite, factual approach within terms of that formula. lished today was pursuant to legislation Ieasonable limits and on a just basis. Mr. CONNALLY. One other question, passed at the last session of Congress and Mr_ CONNALLY. I thank the Sena­ and I will not disturb the Senator further. approved by the President on July 11, tor for that very clear-cut and definite Mr. LODGE. I am always flattered 1940. program of aid to Britain. The Senator whenever the Senator from Texas asks The new highway post-office service is a member of the Committee on Mili­ me a question, because he enlightens is .one of the most significant develop­ tary Affairs and is vastlY more familiar every subject in which he is interested. ments in the field of mail transportation Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Sena­ in recent years. I may say that since with our military situation than. is the tor; I am very grateful; and perhaps the Saturday, when the ceremony took place Senator from Texas. SenatChicago it for this that will stand up, because plans to say the least; and in the years to come I would pay and pay well. When a line is ex­ have been presented to the National De­ have no doubt that the distinguished Senator tended to Boston, or a great commercial city fense Committee which would solve the from Utah will be referred to by others, just of that kind, it is going to pay, and I make as I am referring to Mr. Webster now. in the the prediction right now that in 1 year when condition of the little manufacturer and very same way. I can say to the Senator we discuss this again and when my good the little machine-shop owner. that I believe that he is just standing across friend from Utah makes a speech against it A perfectly practical and concrete plan the path of progress. again he will find that it has been a good was presented by the Mid-Central War Why, as young a man as I am, I remember business proposition. Resources Board. A survey of the region distinctly when it was considered that the Who in this country wants to stop the use within 100 miles of Kansas City was made telephone was a toy and that it had no real of airplanes in mail service? Is there a Sen­ use or advantage, and later on the automo­ ator here who will want to stop it? Prac­ by this Board, and 160 small machine bile was considered a toy that would never tically no one in this country would want to shops and manufacturing plants were lo­ be of any practical benefit; and yet the world stop it. It is a progressive thing; we know cated. It was proposed to combine the could hardly get along today without tele­ it is coming in the future; we know it is facilities of these little machine shops phones and automobiles. The telegraph, the going to be utilized more and more all the and allow them to take a contract, or ocean cable, the electric light, the electric time. We are proud of the line that goes contracts, which they could, working as motor, the moving picture, and numberless from here to New York. We are proud of a unit, carry out successfully. other improvements had the same history. its success. It has done splendidly. It And so it is with airships. I have no doubt shows that it is no longer an experiment, Under this program there would be no that the time will come when we will use and we ought not to stop it, but we ought housing problem. The shops are in the them for a hundred different purposes and. to increase it sufficiently to make it pay. It small towns. The people already have that the world will feel that it could hardly is purely a business proposition. All we their houses. They are the best work­ get along without them. have to do is to add to the line other com­ men and the most loyal citizens in the I hope the Senator wlll not interpose an mercial cities, and the result will be that it whole country. objection to this very worthy measure, as it wlll be a. paying proposition and bring the seems to me. It may be that the money Government in just as much as the Govern­ The same sort of a survey was made in may not bring full results the first year or ment has to pay out. St. Lo\lis and the immediate surrounding the second year or even the third year, but There is another thing connected with this territory, and the same conditions exist the time will come when results will be matter. The Government has a large num­ there. I have no doubt that these condi­ shown by reason of these experiments. Why, ber of airplanes on hand. If they are not tions exist in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 831 When this matter was put up to the mittee duties. It seems to me this is a with the law. Now, let us see just what new Defense Committee, an effort was made matter of which Congress should imme­ capital investment your corporation proposes diately take cognizance. to amortize." At this point Westinghouse to find out where the machines in these presumably submits a list of what it will small shops were located so that the big Mr. TRUMAN. I think so. provide in the way of new plant facilities. fellows could go and buy them and move Mr. CLARK of Missouri. One other Somewhere along the line of scrutiny, the them. They are buying these machines question. Is the Senator familiar with Government should say, "Sorry, but you can­ wherever they can find them, shipping the practice which has prevailed in the not include in your price for the finished them to Detroit, Philadelphia, Norfolk, War Department, in connection with the articles any amortization charge for this and and industrial cities in Massachusetts purchase of land for various Government this and this item of equipment. Our sur­ emplacements, of appointing a private veys indicate beyond the possibility of a and Connecticut. They are hiring our doubt that the facilities already exist in the young men and moving them to the At­ citizen, not a Government officer, but a following plants, which we are satisfied will lantic and Pacific seaboards and to De­ private citizen, and making him the ·sole be in a position to collaborate with · your troit, leaving us denuded of manpower as option authority for the purpose of op­ concern as subcontractors on a farming-out well as machines. This makes a double tioning land, and insisting that no citi­ basis." My guess is that if it were feasible housing problem. It leaves our cities with zen can sell his land to the Government to look into the situation in any large con­ vacant property which is rapidly depre­ without paying this particular man who tract that has been given out recently, it ciating in value, and creates a condition is selected a 5-percent commission, and would be disclosed that the Government's then selecting one title company and in­ agreement to amortize new plant facilities at Norfolk, Philadelphia, Detroit, Hart­ covered machine-shop and metal-working ford, Conn., and Los Angeles, Calif., sisting that a citizen who is perfectly facilities already available in other plants. where housing problems have to be met. willing to sell his land to the Govern­ Now, it is essential to the functioning of It just does not make sense. The policy ment for what it is worth must pay a this idea, however, that when the Govern­ seems to be to make the big men bigger particular title company a certain fee for m.:nt in Washington says, "We know the fa­ and let the little men go out of business examining the tile? cilities are available," it should be in position or starve to death, and they do not seem Mr. TRUMAN. I know that is a policy to cite chapter and verse. This is where followed at St.' Charles, Mo. our regional pooling associations (Mid-. to care what becomes of these little Central War Resources Board, etc.) come fellows. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I call the into the picture. Or, to put it another Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Senator's attention to that particular way: When the Government is in negotia­ dent-- case, the Weldon Springs development. tion with Westinghouse for the construction· The PRESIDING OFFICER f Mr. Loving in may reimburse the manufacturer f less than a percent of subcontractors. be- extended to other industries; and thai the gross ptroceeds of each contract or order. Mr. TRUMAN. No. Barry & Wood your dealings will: be with prime contractors 4. That in the event. of cancelation of any and their subcontractors and not With the ot such contracts" or orders, the party of the are trying to line up the subcontractors Navy Department. first part. shall not. be liable to the party of and make them pay a fee based on the I further understand that you have offerect the second part for any commission not due total amount received. whenever you discover unutilized capacity and payable at the time of said cancelation, Mr~ STEWART. Who are Barry &­ suitable for use in .expediting national de­ and that in the event of such cancelation the Wood? fense, you will, without any obligation on the party of the seeond part shaH not be obli­ Mr. TRUMAN. They are contractors part of the Navy Department, make a brief gated to return to the party of the first part in the city of New York, at 30 Rocke­ report of the matter, including tbe name of any sums paid as compensation to It prior feller Plaza. l think they are engineers. the manufacturer and a description of his to such cancelation. facilities to the Chief of Naval Operations 5. This agreement shall remain in effect for Mr. STEWART. Do they claim to (War Procurement Planning, Op.,...23M), a ~riod of S. years from the date hereof, have some particular influence or con­ which agency will circulate such reports from unless the same shall be renewed or modified trol over the Navy Department or those you to the technical Bureaus of the Navy De­ by a further written agreement between the who let the contracts? partment for their Information. The Depart­ parties. Mr. TRUMAN. That is their claim. ment appreciates this offer of yours to submit 6. That in the event that any State, Fed­ They are "selling the Navy down the such reports without remuneration in the eral, or other governmental authority wtth river" out in the country. Of course, the interest of expediting national defense. jurisdiction shall take any action which shall in Your patriotic spirit in offering your serv­ compel the party of the first part temporarily people out the country do not under­ ices and submitting such reports fs greatly to suspend work on any contract or order, stand it. appreciated by the Navy Department. then this agreement shall likewise be sus­ Mr. STEWART. I think many of us Sincerely yours, pended with respect to such contracts or here do not understand it. FRANK KNOX, orders until such time as the party of the Mr. TRUMAN. That is the reason Secretary of the Navy. first part shall renew work on the said con­ why I think the Senate ought to go into tracts or orders. What is the patriotic service proposed the matter. I think that is the best an­ 7. This agreement shall be binding upon swer I can give. to be rendered? I wish to have included and inure tc the benefit of the successors and in the RECORD at this point as a part of assigns of the parties hereto. Continuing to read from Mr. Snyder's my remarks the contract in toto. In witness whereof th.e parties hereto have address, from which I was reading a few There being no objection, the contract hereunto set their hands and seals the day moments ago: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a.nd year first above written. The success of Defense Plant Corporation's as follows: activities is demonstrated by the fact that By----. construction is we11 under way through lease This agreement, made the day of Attest: agreements covering aircraft factories In San , 194 , between , a cor------. Diego, Columbus, St. Louis, Buffalo, and Dal­ poration organized under the laws of the BARRY & Woon, INc., las; shipyards in Oakland and Houghton State of , with its principal place of By----. (Washington); munitions plants in Chicago business at , party of Attest: and Omaha; and engine works in Cincinnati the first part, and Barry & Wood, Inc., a cor­ and Paterson. Moreover, Defense Plant Cor­ poration organized under the laws of the poration has, since Its organization to date, State of New York, with its principal place of Mr. TRUMAN. I wish to read one made a daily average commitment of more business at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York particular part of .the · contract. It is than two and one-half million dollars, having City, party of the second part, witnesseth~ most interesting: approved total commitments f Jr the financ­ Whereas the party of the first part desires ing of emergency plant facilities, including to enter into contracts with manufacturers That the party of the first part- the acquisition of land, the construction of of aircraft and allied products for the pur­ buildings, and the procurement of machin­ pose of supplying them with aeronautical That is, the little fellow who is sup­ ery, aggregating over $350,000,000. These ac­ parts and equipment; and posed to be a subcontractor- tivities are certainly symbolistic of the real Whereas the party of the first part desires shall pay to the party of the second part as ability of business and government to collab­ to obtain the assistance and services of the full compensation for its services 9 per­ orate effectively in the interest of the common part y of the second part in securing such cent of the gross proceeds of each and welfare. contracts: Now, therefore, every contract or order negotiated by the Most of my remarks have had to do with It is mutually agreed as follows: party of the second part (in the manner what are termed "primary" contractors-that 1. That the party of the second part shall prescribed in paragraph 1 hereof) or rea­ 1s, contractors who bid on Government con­ use its best efforts, experience, and judgment sonably traceable to its efforts. such com­ tracts. As is commonly known, however, pri­ to obtain far the party of the first part, from pensation to be paid as follows- mary contractors in most cases let out to m anufacturers of aircraft and allied prod­ subcontractors, or subsuppliers, the produc­ ucts, contracts for the sale of parts and Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, Will the tion of many of the parts which go to make equipment which can be manufactured or Senator yield? · up the article for which they have contracted obtained by the party of the first part. All with the Government. Such subcontractors such cont racts and orders shall be subject Mr. TRUMAN. I yield. do not have a direct Government supplies to the specific approval and acceptance of the Mr. ADAMS. Who is the party of the contract to use as the basis for obtaining party of the first part, and the party of the second part? necessary financing. It is important to ob­ second part shall in no way obligate the Mr. TRUMAN. Barry & Wood, Inc., serve, however, that the E. P. F. contract may, party of the first part or pledge its credit 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York. with appropriate modification of certain until such approval and acceptance has been clauses, be used also for any subcontractors given. Mr. ADAMS. So, the subcontractor is who furnish substantially all of their sup­ 2. That the party of the first part shall pay paying a 9-percent commission. plies to primary contractors on defense proj­ to the party of the second part as full com­ Mr. TRUMAN. Barry & Wood are ects and who find it necessary to construct pensation tor its services 9 percent of the trying to sign up everybody who is facilities for such a purpose. It is under­ gross proceeds of each and every contract or likely to be a subcontractor, on the stood that standard clauses are now being order negotiated by thr party of the second ground that they stand in with the Navy evolved by the Defense Commission for in­ part (in the manner prescribed in par. l Department, on the strength of the let­ corporation in the EPF contract to fit the sit­ hereof) or reasonably traceable to its efforts, uation of subcontractors. such compensr:ttion to be paid as follows: ter of the Secretary of the Navy, and Before leaving the topic of emergency On the date on which the party of the first that they can obtain the subcontract for plant facilities, some mention should be made part shall be paid by the purchaser for the the subcontractor. For rendering that of the special amortization features which goods so contracted tor or ordered. service they want. not 9 percent of the are contained in the Second Revenue Act of LXXXVII--53 834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10 1940-the so-called Excess Profits Tax Act. subsupplier, has other collateral of an ac­ The outline referred to is as follows: It is provided in such act that firms con­ ceptable character to hypothecate as secu­ structing facilities to produce national de­ rity, or where his earnings record is particu­ ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE FIXED-FEE fense orders may amortize the cost of those larly good, satisfactory arrangements can BRANCH--cONSTRUCTION DIVISION facilities over a 60-month period--or, in usually be made for such financing. In Construction Division: Chief, Colonel other words, that such firms may deduct for this respect banking institutions should not Somervell. income tax purposes the cost of such defense overlook the possibility of an arrangement Executive officers: Maj. M. B. Birdseye, facilities over the 60-month period rather whereby a single loan to the primary con­ Quartermaster Corps; Maj. H. B. Nurse, Quar­ than through the normal deductions pro­ tractor secured by an assignment of the termaster Corps. vided for depreciation and obsolescence. It moneys coming due under his contract with Constructing branch, fixed fee: Chief, Mr. should be noted that this special amortiza­ the Government may be used to finance not H. W. L'Jving; Assistant Chief, Mr. F. J. tion provision directly implements the E. P. only the primary contract but also the sub­ O'Brien; Special Assistant, Capt. E. Kirk­ F. contract, since it permits the contractor contracts as well, the primary contractor patrick, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Miss to offset by a 5-year depreciation allowance making appropriate advances to the subcon­ Ruth Sale. the amounts received over the 5-year period tractors·out of the loan proceeds. Inasmuch Administrative Section: Chief, Lt. J. H. representing reimbursement for the cost of as the primary contract usually provides 'Sharp, Infantry; Assistant Chief, Mr. J. B. the facilities. The amortization deduction sufficient funds to pay all the costs of per­ Blanche. allowed by the act is dependent upon certain formance, including any purchases made Equipment Section: · Chief, Capt. R. L. certificates issued by the Defense Commission from subcontractors, such an arrangement Richardson, Quartermaster Corps. through the War or the Navy Department. should not be lacking in feasibility. It is Requirement Section: Chief, Mr. R. L. Tot­ February 5 is the deadline for the issuance understood that the Defense Commission is ten; Assistant Chief, Mr. F. Bloom; assistant, of a so-called necessity certificate with presently preparing a new standard form of Capt. W. L. Sapper, Field Artillery; assistant, respect to emergency facilities constructed, contract to be used by subcontractors with Lt. E. R. O'Brien, Corps of Engineers. installed, or acquired from June 10 up to the aim in view that it will be acceptable as . Statistical Section: Chief, Mr. M. L. Tribe. collateral by banlting institutions. If such that date. After February 5, any necessity Section A certificate to be effective must be obtained an arrangement contemplates the Govern­ in advance of the beginning of the construc­ ment becoming a direct party to the subcon­ Ordnance and Chemical Warfare, Chemical tion, installation, or acquisition. A second tract it will render the claims thereunder and Processing Plants: Chief, Mr. F. R. certificate is also necessary--either a certifi­ assignable under the Assignment of Claims Creedon; Assistant Chief, Mr. W. E. O'Brien. cate of Government protection (which must Act, and will thereby remove any legal ob­ Engineering Unit: Mr. 0. F. Sieder. be obtained in any case in which the manu­ jection to the contingent nature of the . Administrative Unit. facturer is being reimbursed by the Govern­ obligation. Materials and Expediting Unit: Mr. W. A. ment for the cost of the .facilities, and which • Shephard. - states that the contract of reimbursement Estimates and Costs: Mr. W. K. Maher. The third type of financing which I have Section construction quartermaster: Mr. adequately protects the Government with mentioned, namely, the construction of mili­ reference to the future use and disposition of W. E. O'Brien. tary and naval projects, does not differ ex­ 5. Radford Ordnance Works, Radford, Va.: such facilities) or a certificate of nonreim­ cept in minor respects from the type of bursement (which must be obtained in any Construction quartermaster, Capt. F. L. financing involving the production of sup­ Strawn, Ordnance; assistant, Capt. C. J. Wil­ case in which the manufacturer is not being plies, the same considerations governing the so reimbursed). February 6 is the deadline cox, Ordnance; contractor, Hercules Powder acceptability of assignments being present i.n Co.; engineer, Hercules Powder Co. for the issuance of the latter certificates in both instances. This type of construction connection with contracts executed 90 days 6. Indiana Ordnance Works, Charlestown, - b as to do with Army cantonments, military Ind.: Construction quartermaster, Lt. Col. or more before that date; and as· to all con­ and naval bases, aviation fields, roads, and tracts subsequently executed, the issuance R. E. Hardy, Ordnance; assistant, Maj. W. 0. other . such governmental projects. In such Hauck, Quartermaster Corps; contractor, E. I. of such certificates must occur within 90 days cases it is expected that the common prac­ after the date of execution. du Pont de Nemours & Co.; engineer, E. I. du tice will be for the contractor to have a cost­ Pont de Nemours & Co. plus-a-fixed-fee contract. However, the 8. Kankakee Ordnance Works, Wilmington, The second type of financing I have men­ ability of the contractor to perform is the Ill.: Construction quartermaster, Capt. I. T. tion£d is that pertaining to the production fundamental factor · and the one deserving Malmstrom, Ordnance; assistant, Capt. T. J. of necessary supplies for defense. In those most careful consideration by the financing Skeahn, Corps of Engineers; contractor, cases where the supplier has a supplies con­ institution. · Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation; tract directly with the Government, it is Under present law, the War and Navy De­ engineer, Stone & Webster Engineering Cor­ possible to provide adequate working capital partments are authorized to ad11ance out of poration. through a loan secured by an assignment of their appropriations for construction or sup­ 9. Ravenna Ordnance Plant, Ravenna, Ohio: the moneys coming due under the supplies plies up to 30 percent of the contract price, Construction quartermaster, Capt. J. D. contract, such being permitted, as I have even before the work is begun. If a working Hillyer, Ordnance; assistant, Capt. W. A. indicated, under the Assignment of Claims capital loan is also necessary to furnish ad­ Kremer, Infantry; contractor, Hunkin-Conkey Act of 1940. Although the act provides ex­ ditional financing, it is important that the Construction Co.; engineer, Wilbur Watson pressly that any assignment made in pursu­ relative priorities between the financing in­ and associates. ance thereof shall constitute a valid aEsign­ stitution and the Government be clearly 29. Elwood Ordnance Plant, Wilmington, ment for all purposes, notwithstanding any defined. TIL: Construction quartermaster, Capt. W. law to the contrary governing the validity Hall, Ordnance; contractor, Sanderson & of assignments, there are a few legal ques­ I have read all the article in regard to Porter; t.ngineer, Sanderson & Porter. tions to be resolved in particular cases, some Government financing of these projects 72. Humble Oil & Refining Co., Baytown, of which I shall discuss later. in order to give to the Members of the Tex.: Contractor, Humble Oil & Refining Co.; I was speaking a moment ago, however, of Senate a clear idea of exactly what the engineer, Humble Oil & Refining Co. those subcontractors, or subsuppliers, who do Government is trying to do toward Ammonium Nitrate Plant, Morgantown, not have supplies contracts directly with the financing national-defense projects. W.Va. Government, but who merely furnish mate­ Section construction quartermaster: Mr. rials or parts to the primary contractor. A policy is being pursued with regard F. V. Cahill. There is, of course, no fundamental distinc­ to letting contracts that is as bad as or 1. Springfield Armory, Springfield, Mass.: tion between the two from a security stand­ worse than the one with regard to the Construction quartermaster, Lt. Col. M. Mc­ point: In the case of a supplies contract concentration of defense industries in a Fadden, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Capt. directly with the Government, the contrac­ small area. It is considered a sin for a P. J. Petterson, Quartermaster Corps; con­ tor has a potential account receivable from United States Senator from a State to tractor, Fred T. Ley, Inc.; engineer, Charles T. the Government; in the case of a supplies make a recommendation for contractors, Main, Inc. contract with the primary contractor, the 2. Edgewood Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving subcontractor has a potential account re- although we may be more familiar with Grounds, Edgewood and Aberdeen, Md.: Con­ . ceivable from the primary contractor; the the efficiency and ability of our con­ struction quartermaster, Lt. Col. S. W. Mc­ contingency is the same in both cases. The tractors at home than is anybody in the Ilwain, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Capt. difference in treatment arises only out of the War Department. W. 0. Zacharias, Quartermaster Corps; con­ fact that the Assignment of Claims Act of I have here an outline of the fixed-fee tractor, Cummins Construction Corporation; 1940, applicable to the first case, expressly branch of the Construction Division of Riggs-Distler Co., Inc.; engineer, Whitman, permits the assignment of such contingent the War Department, which I ask per­ Requardt & Smith. claims for moneys to come due in the future, 7. Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N. J.: Con­ whereas the State laws applicable to the mission to have inserted in the RECORD struction quartermaster, Maj. G. B. Anderson, second may not be conclusive as to the at this point. Coast Artillery; assistant, Maj. G. B. Sumner, validity and effectiveness of such an assign­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Chemical Warfare; contractor, John Lowry., ment. However, where the subcontractor. or objection. it is so ordered. Inc.; engineer, Francisco & Jacobus. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 835

Section B 58. Fort Eustis, Fort Eustis, Va.: Construc­ kins Co. and Potts & Callahan Construction Ordnance and Chemical Warfare, mechani­ tion quartermaster, Capt. C. Renshaw, Quar­ Co.; engineer, Slaughter, Savme & Blackburn, cal manufacturing plants: Chief, Maj. C. J. termaster Corps. Inc. Clark, Quartermaster Corps; Assistant Chief, 60. Macon, Ga.: Construction quarter­ Section D (northern) Mr. C. H. Hickey. master, Maj. H. W. Jacobsen, Signal Corps. Storage terminals, quartermaster depots, Engineering Unit: L~. E. E. Shafer, Field Section construction quartermaster: Mr. camps and cantonments, Air Corps, general Artillery. H. A. Fish. hospitals: Chief, Maj. M. W. Cochran, Quar­ Administrative Unit: Lt. D. Pontell, Quar­ 11. Camp Savannah, Hinesville, Ga.: Con­ termaster Corps; Assistant Chief, Mr. G. termaster Corps. struction quartermaster, Maj. M. T. Whit­ Hadden. Materials and Expediting Unit: Mr. W. C. more, Coast Artillery; assistant, Capt. J. C. Engineering Unit: Capt. G. A. Rafferty, · Brown. Beida, Infantry; contractor, A. K. Adams & Field Artillery; Lt. M. A. Day, Coast Artillery. Estimates and Costs: Lt. A. P. Dennis, Co. and W. C. Shepherd; engineer, J. B. Mc­ Administrative Unit: Lt. G. C. Calder, Cavalry. Crary Engineering Corporation. Corps of Engineers. Section construction quartermaster: Maj. 13. Camp Blanding, Starke, Fla.: Construc­ Materials and Expediting Unit: Capt. W. 0. C. B. Pyle, Corps of Engineers; assistant, Lt. tion quartermaster, Maj. L. Larson, Quarter­ Hillmann, Corps of Engineers. R. Long, Jr., Field Artillery. master Corps; contractor, Starrett Bros. & Estimates and Costs: Lt. J. N. Fehrer, Corps 12. Detroit Ordnance Plant, Chrysler Cor­ Eken, Inc.; engineer, Soloman & Keis. of Engineers. poration, Detroit, Mich.: Construction quar­ 24. Savanah Airport, Savanah, Ga.: Con­ Section construction quartermaster: Mr .. termaster, Maj. H. R. Kadlec, Corps of Engi­ struction quartermaster, Maj. M. Grimaldi, H. G. Wray. neers; contractor, Chrysler Corporation; engi­ Field Artillery; assistant, Capt. J. R. Botsford, 3. Elmendorf Field Power Plant, Anchorage, neer, Chrysler Corporation. Corps of Engineers; contractor, -Goode Con­ Alaska: Construction quartermaster, Maj. E. 10. Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.: struction Co.; engineer, Burge & Stevens. M. George, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Construction quartermaster, Capt. C. M. 48. Tallahassee Airport, Tallahassee, Fla.: Capt. C. B. Burgoyne, Corps of Engineers; Construction quartermaster, Maj. W. H. Daub, Seiple, Quartermaster Corps; ass~stant, Mr. contractor, Bechtel-McCone-Parsons Corpora­ C .. G. Countiss, Sanitary Engineer; contrac­ Quartermaster Corps; contractor, Ivy H. tion; engineer, Bechtel-McCone-Parsons Cor­ tor, Henry W. Horst Co.; engineer, Clarence Smith Co. and S. S. Jacobs Co.; engineer, poration. E. Wunder. Southern Engineering & Architectural Co. 27. March Field Antiaircraft Firing Center, 23. Armor Plate Plant, Philadelphia, Pa.: 51. Camp Robert E. Lee, Petersburg, Va.: Riverside, Calif.: Construction quartermaster, Construction quartermaster, Capt. C. M. Construction quartermaster, Maj. C. W. Maj. H. Larson, Corps of Engineers; contrac­ Seiple, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Mr. O'Leary, Coast Artillery. tor, P. J. Walker Co.; engineer, J. B. Lippin­ C. G. Countiss, Sanitary Engineer; contrac­ Section construction quartermaster: Capt. cott & 0. G. Bowen. tor, Barclay White Co., Inc.; engineer, Irving R. L. Tatum, Corps of Engineers. 26. Camp San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, S. Towsley. 15. Camp Livingston, Alexandria, La.: Con­ Calif.: Construction quartermaster, Maj. L. L. 39. Shell Forging and Machining Plant, struction quartermaster, Lt. Col. C. H. Menger, Stanley, Corps of Engineers; contractor, L. E. Gadsden, Ala.: Construction quartermaster, Ordnance; assistant, Maj. J. N. Bujac, In­ Dixon Co.; engineer, Leeds, Hill, Barnard & Maj. A. Johnson, Field Artillery; contractor, fantry; contractor, S. & W. Construction Co., Jewett. Rust Engineering Co., Inc.; engineer, Rust Forcum-James Co., and H. N. Rodgers & Sons 25. Fort George Meade, Odenton, Md.: Engineering Co., Inc. Co.; engineer, Benham Engineering Corpora­ Construction quartermaster, Maj. J. A. Noxon, 38. Shell Loading Plant, Union Center, tion. Corps of Engineers; contractor, Consolidated Ind.: Construction quartermaster, Maj. B. T. 16. Camp Claiborne, Alexandria, La.: Con­ Engineering Co.; engineer, J. E. Greiner Co. Rogers, Infantry. struction quartermaster, Lt. Col. C. H. Menger, Section construction quartermaster: Maj. 33. Small Arms Ammunition Plant, Kansas Ordnance; assistant-, Maj. G. C. Heldenfels, A. R. Wellwood, Corps of Engineers. City, Mo.: Construction quartermaster, Maj. Infantry; contractor, W. Horace Williams 22. Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, E. McCullough, Signal Corps. Co.; engineer, E. T. Archer & Co. Indiantown Gap, Pa.: Construction quarter­ Section construction quartermaster: Capt. 35. Fort Bliss, El Paso, Tex.: Construction master, Maj. W. L. Kay, Quartermaster Corps; R. Mayer, Finance. quartermaster, Lt. Col. B. Winston, Quarter­ contractor, W. F. Trimble & Sons Co., Fergu­ 43. Fort Wingate Ordnance Depot, Fort master Corps; contractor, J . E. Morgan & Sons son & Edmundson Co., and Huffman-Wolfe Wingate, N. Mex .: Construction quarter­ and H. B. Zachry Co.; engineer, Wyatt C. Co.; engineer, Gannett, Eastman & Fleming. master, Capt. E. M. Johnson, Infantry. Hedrick. 20. Camp Edwards, Falmouth, Mass.: Con­ 55. Shell Loading Plant, Burlington, Iowa: 18. Camp Bowie, Brownwood, Tex.: Con­ struction quartermaster, Maj. H. L. Algeo, Construction quartermaster, Maj. J. C. Lowry, struction quartermaster, Maj. W. E. Ryan, Corps of Engineers; contractor, Walsh Con­ Infantry. Coast Artillery; assistant, Capt. E. J. Jackson, struction Co.; engineer, Charles T. Main, Inc. 54. Anniston Ordnance Depot, Anniston, Infantry; contractor, Robert E. McKee; engi­ 32. Fort Devens, Ayer, Mass.: Construction Ala.: Construction quartermaster, Maj. A. neer, Koch & Fowler. quartermaster, Maj. L. K. Warner, Corps of Johnson, Field Artillery. 28. Camp Hulen, Palacios, Tex.: Construc­ Engineers; contractor, Coleman Bros. Corpo­ 53. Umatilla Ordnance Depot, Umatilla, tion quartermaster, Maj. P. M. Brewer, In­ ration and John Bowen Co.; engineer, Frank Oreg.: Construction quartermaster, Capt. fantry; contractor, Russ Mitchell, Inc., Knut­ A. Barbour. R. C. Williams, Corps of Engineers. son Construction Co., T. B. Hubbard Con­ 41. Pine Camp, Great Bend, N. Y.: Con­ 65. Small Arms Plant, St. Louis, Mo.: Con­ struction Co., and J. F. Meyer, Jr.; engineer, struction quartermaster, Maj. G. R. Tyler, In­ struction quartermaster, Col. H. E. Schlesin­ Freese & Nichols. fantry; contractor, Senior & Palmer, Inc., and ger, Quartermaster Corps. 50. Fort Huachuca, Fort Huachuca, Ariz.: The John W. Cowper Co., Inc.; engineer, Wm. Section construction quartermaster: Maj. Construction quartermaster, Lt. Col. J. L. S. Lozier, Inc. H. R. Kadlec, Corps of Engineers. Brooks, Quartermaster Corps; engineer, Head­ 57. Fort Monmouth, Red Bank, N. J.: Con­ Section construction quartermaster: Mr. man, Ferguson & Carollo. struction quartermaster, Maj. A. F. Ceder­ A. E. Johnson. Section construction quartermaster: Maj. strom, Quartermaster Corps. W. Ashbridge, Corps of Engineers. Section construction quartermaster: Mr. Section C (southern) 14. Camp Shelby, Hattiesburg, Miss.: Con­ A. M. Ferebee. Storage terminals, quartermaster depots, struction quartermaster, Maj. T. A. Cox, Jr., 52. Camp Grant, Rockford, Dl.: Construc­ camps and cantonments, Air Corps, general Field Artillery; contractor, J. A. Jones Con­ tion quartermaster, Capt. F. H. Wyatt, Corps hospitals: <:;hief, Mr. Lacy Moore; Assistant struction Co., Inc.; engineer, Lockwood­ of Engineers. Chief, Mr. C. C. Barnard. Greene Engineering, Inc. 46. Fort Knox, Fort Knox, Ky.: Construc­ Engineering Unit: Mr. J . P. Falconer. 17. Fort Bragg, Fayetteville, N. C.: Con­ tion quartermaster, Lt. Col. D. A. Hanes, Administrative Unit: Maj. F. W. Staiger, struction quartermaster, Lt. Col. L. L. Simp­ Quartermaster Corps. Infantry. son, Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Capt. H. 44. Fort Riley, Fort Riley, Kans.: Construc­ Materials and Expediting Unit: Mr. T. E. Newyahr, Quartermaster Corps; contractor, tion quartermaster, Lt. Col. J. Underwood, Ernst. T. A. Loving & Co.; engineer, J. N. Pease & Co. Quartermaster Corps; contractor, Mr. M. W. Estimates and Costs: Mr. N. M. Brown. 19. Camp J. T. Robinson, Little Rock, Ark.: Watson Long Construction Co. and the Man­ Section construction quartermaster: Mr. Construction quartermaster, Capt. F. Reed, hattan Construction Co.; engineer, Widmer T. E. Jewett. Jr., Quartermaster Corps; contractor, Mac­ Engineering Co. 4. Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, Phil­ Donald Construction Co. and G. L. Tarlton 36. Seventh Corps Area Training Center, adelphia, Pa.: Construction quartermaster, Construction, Inc.; engineer, Black & Veatch. Leon, Iowa: Construction quartermaster, Lt. Capt. C. M. Seiple, Quartermaster Corps; con­ 21. Fort McClellan, Anniston, Ala.: Con­ Col. G. H. Collins, Coast Artillery; contractor, tractor, Wark & Co.; engineer, Ballinger & Co. struction quartermaster, Maj. S. Macintire, W. A. Klinger, Inc., C. F. Lytle Co., Inc., West­ 31. Camp Peay, Tullahoma, Tenn.: Con­ Jr., Quartermaster Corps; assistant, Capt. ern Construction Corporation, and A. H. Neu­ struction quartermaster, Maj. C. H. Breit­ T. A. Doyle, Quartermaster Corps; contractor, mann & Bros.; engineer, Alvord, Burdick & wieser Corps of Engineers; contractor, Hard­ Dunn Construction Co., Inc., and John s. Howson. away Contracting Co. and Foster & Creighton Hodgson & Co.; engineer, Wiedeman & Sin­ 59. Fort F. E. warren, Cheyenne, Wyo.: _ Co.; engineer, Greeley & Hansen. gleton. Construction quartermaster, Maj. B. L. 61. Camp Wolters, Mineral Wells, Tex.: 45. IBelgium now estab­ master at Bowling Green, Mo., whiCh Mr. BARKLEY. No; he did not. None lished in London; and as Envoy Extraor­ nomination had been adversely reported of these nominees appeared before the dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near from the Committee on Post Offices and committee. The committee unanimously the Governments of Norway and the Post Roads. voted last Friday to report the nomina­ Netherlands, also now established in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The London. question is, Will the Senate advise and tions favorably. consent to the nomination of Bonham E. Mr. DANAHER. I wondered if there The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Freeman to be postmaster at Bowling was some examination of the gentle­ objection, the nomination is confirmed. Green, Mo.? man, for if so I had not seen it. The legislative clerk read the nomi­ The nomination was rejected. Mr. BARKLEY. No; none of these nation of Herbert Claiborne Pell, of nominees were requested to come before Rhode Island, now Envoy Extraordinary THE NAVY the committee. and Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal, The legislative clerk proceeded to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister read sundry nominations in the Navy. objection to the request of the Senator Plenipotentiary of the United States of Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous from Kentucky for the immediate con­ America to Hungary. consent that the nominations in the sideration of the nominations? The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Navy be confirmed en bloc. Chair hears none. objection, the nomination is confirmed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The nominations will be stated. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I ask objection, the nominations in the Navy The legislative clerk read the nomina­ that the President be immediately noti­ are confirmed en bloc. tion of John G. Winant, of New Hamp­ fied of the confirmation of these nomina­ That completes the calendar. shire, to be Ambassador Extraordinary tions. and Plenipotentiary of the United States The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ORDER OF BUSINESS of America to Great Britain. objection, the President will be notified. Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, I wish The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without AMBASSADOR TO PANAMA to ask the Senator from Kentucky if he objection, the nomination is confirmed. is in a position to tell us whether or not The legislative clerk read the nomina­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, from the he now contemplates a call of the cal­ tion of Nelson T. Johnson, of Oklahoma. Committee on Foreign Relations I report endar at any time this week. now Ambassador Extraordinary and favorably the nomination of Edwin C. Mr. BARKLEY. It is not contem­ Plenipotentiary to China, to be Envoy Wilson, of Florida, now Envoy Extraordi­ plated today. The calendar may be Extraordinary and MiniSter Plenipoten­ nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to called on Thursday. There is nothing tiary of the United States of America to Uruguay, to be Ambassador Extraordi­ on the calendar but relief bills, which ·Australia. nary and Plenipotentiary of the United is not to say that they are not important. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without States of America to Panama, and ask However, there is no general legislation. objection, the nomination is confirmed. unanimous consent for its present con­ We may be able to call the calendar on The legislative clerk read the nomina­ sideration. Thursday. tion of Alexander C. Kirk, of Tilinois, now The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. counselor of embassy at Rome, with the objection to the request of the Senator honorary rank of minister, to be Envoy from Florida? The Chair hears none. ADJOURNMENT TO THURSDAY Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten­ Without objection, the nomination is con­ Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ tiary of the United States of America to firmed. sion, I move that the Senate adjourn Egypt. Mr. PEPPER. I ask that the Presi­ ~ntil Thursday next. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without dent be immediately notified. The motion was agreed to; and (at objection, the nomination is confirmed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 2 o'clock and 44 minutes p. m.) the Sen­ The legislative clerk read the nomina­ objection, the President will be notified. ate adjourned until Thursday, February tion of Jay Pierrepont Moffat, of New 13, 1941, at 12 o'clock meridian. Hampshire, now Envoy Extraordinary MINISTER TO PORTUGAL and Minister Plenipotentiary to Canada, Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, from the to serve concurrently and without addi­ Committee on Foreign Relations I report NOMINATIONS tional compensation as Envoy Extraordi­ favorably the nomination of Bert Fish, of Executive nominations received by the nary and Minister Plenipotentiary near Florida, now Envoy Extraordinary and Senate, February 10, 1941, as follows: the Government of Luxemburg now Minister Plenipotentiary to Egypt, to be APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF established in Canada. Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary THE UNITED STATES The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the United States of America to Portu­ objection, the nomination is confirmed. gal, and ask unanimo.us consent for its TO BE MAJOR IN THE MEDICAL CORPS, WITH The legislative clerk read the nomina­ present consideration. RANK FROM JUNE 14, 1930 tion of Clarence E. Gauss, of Connecti­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Maj. Harold Wade Kinderman, United cut, now Envoy Extraordinary and Min- objection to the request of the Senator States Army, retired. 844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 10

APPOINTMENTS·, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REG­ · Lt. Comdr. Gordon Campbell to be a lieu­ . Guy C. Davison to be postmaster at Lewis­ ULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES tenant commander in the Navy, from the 23d ville, Ind., in place of G. C. Davison. Incum- · day of November 1940, to correct the date of bent's commission expired July 1, 1940. TO ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT rank as previously nominated and confirmed. Gordon N. Stockdale to be postmaster at Maj. Burdette Mase Fitch, Field Artillery, Passed Assistant Paymaster Lawrence Wingate, Ind., in place of G. N. Stockdale. with rank from August 15, 1939. Smith to be a passed assistant paymaster in Incumbent's commission expired June 25, Maj. William Mason Wright, Jr., Field the Navy, with the rank of lieutenant, from 1940. Artillery, with rank from June 12, 1939. the 26th day of June 1940, to correct the date of rank as previously nominated and con­ IOWA TO QUARTERMASTER CORPS firmed. William Howard Kahler to be postmaster at POSTMASTERS Granger, Iowa, in place of L.A. Moran. In­ Capt. John Archer Stewart, Infantry, with cumbent's commission expired July 1, 1940. rank from August 1, 1935. ALASKA August Sindt to be postmaster at Lake PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE Harry B. DeLand to be postmaster at Pal­ Park, Iowa, in place of August Sindt. In­ UNITED STATES mer, Alaska, in place of M. V. Kennedy, re­ cumbent's commission expired May 19, 1940. signed. TO BE COLONELS WITH RANK FROM FEBRUARY ARKANSAS KENTUCKY 1, 1941 Paul B. Garrett to be postmaster at Oko­ Lucy W. Dyer to be postmaster at Sturgis, Lt. Col. Stewart Woods Stanley, Signal lona, Ark., in place of P. B. Garrett. Incum­ Ky., in place of L. W. Dyer. Incumbent's Corps (colonel, Army of the United States). bent's commission expired April 21, 1940. commission expired March 10, 1940. Lt. Col. Kenneth Thompson Bloo·d, Coast Eva B. Bird to be postmaster at Wilmar, Artillery Corps (colonel, Army of the United Ark., in place of C. L. Bird, deceased. MAINE States). CALIFORNIA Ernest C. Libby to be postmaster at Yar­ Lt. Col. Roy Silas Atwood, Coast Artillery mouth, Maine, in place of F. 0. Wellcome. Corps (colonel, Army of the United States). Herbert L. Hartman to be postmaster at Incumbent's commission expired January 7, Lt. Col. Samuel Franklin Hawkins, Coast Boulder Creek, Calif., in place of R. C. Line. 1936. Artillery Corps (colonel, Army of the United Incumbent's commission expired February States). 9, 1939. MARYLAND William M. Patterson to be postmaster at John L. Thompson to be postmaster at APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE Lakeport, Calif., in place of P. H. Millberry, Oxford, Md., in place of M. W. Stewart, . NAVY deceased. retired. Capt. William H. P. Blandy to be Chief of Richard E. Horton to be postmaster at MICHIGAN the Bureau of Ordnance in the Department Loomis, Calif., in place of W. S. Williams, re­ of the Navy, with the rank of rear admiral, tired. Floyd N. Hubbard to be postmaster at for a term of 4 years, effective upon the re­ Hayden Stephens to be postmaster at Evart Mich., in place of J. E. Richardson, linquishment of that office by Rear Admiral Sheepranch, Calif. Office became Presidential removed. William R. Furlong. July 1, 1940. Raymond P. McConnell to be postmaster The following-named officers of the Naval Opal Lambert to be postmaster at Sum­ at Rosebush, Mich., in place of F. H. Lynch. · Reserve to be lieutenants (junior grade) in merland, Calif. Office became Presidential Incumbent's commission expired May 18, 1940. July 1, 1940. the ·Navy, to rank from the date stated oppo­ MISSOURI site their names: DELAWARE Easton B. Noble, January 13, 1938. Ray G. Carter to _be pos_tmaster at Elling­ Edward D. Killian, February 9, 1938. James W. Conley to be postmaster at Fred­ ton, Mo.; in place of E. K. Daniels, removed. Joseph 0. Christian, February 9, 1938. erica, Del., in place of 0. G. Melvin, removed. NEBRASKA Howard B. Beckwith, February 28, 1938. FLORIDA David A. Sooy, February 28, 1938. Lester H. Andersen to be postmaster at The following to be assistant dental sur­ Arthur B. Moore, to be postmaster at Baker, Fla., in place of H. L. Eiland, deceased. Naper, Nebr., in place of G. G. Reber. Incum­ geons in the Navy, with the rank of lieuten­ bent's commission expired June 19, 1940. ant (junior grade) to rank from the lOth day Lula J. Edge to be postmaster at Niceville, Fla., in place of W. J. Armstrong, retired. Fred W. Schuman to be postmaster at of February 1941: Osceola, Nebr., in place of F. W. Schuman. Robert D. Schindler Eugene T. Nealon GEORGIA Incumbent's commission expired June 1, 1940. Walter W. Dann Cline 0. Williams Wade H. Morgan, Jr. James C. Cherault William Cecil Middlebrooks to be postmas­ NEW HAMPSHIRE ter at Woodbury, Ga., in place of H. B. Mc­ William A. Newman Donald W. Thompson Napoleon A. Berube to be postmaster at Nicholas C. Nelson Coy, removed. Edward J. O'Reilly Somersworth, N. H., in place of Polycarpe George D. Vineyard Walter B. Martin ILLINOIS Tardif, resigned. Ralph W. E. Cox, Jr. Charles D. Hemphill Ralph B. Haynes Joseph M. Clements Peter R. Buschbacher to be postmaster at NEW JERSEY Leonard E. Johnson John H. McEachren Ashton, Ill., in place of J. A. Roesler. Incum­ Frank T. Wais Hugh J. Millgard bent's commission expired July 26, 1939. Samuel Munyan to be postmaster at Gibbs- • Lynn H. Rodenbarger Elmo F. Ostermeier Vivian G. White to be postmaster at Blue town, N.J., in place of Samuel Munyan. In­ Linzy LeR. Willis John 0. Booth Mound, Ill., in place of J. C. Kepner, trans­ cumbent's commission expired May 19, 1940. Karol I. Andreve Roy E. Schaeffer ferred. William P. Kern to be postmaster at Jersey Robert G. Herthneck Walter A. Homrich to be postmaster at City, N. J., in place of W. P. Kern. Incum­ The following-named lieutenants to be Galena, Ill., in place of W. L. Reed, deceased. bent's commission expired March 25, 1940. lieutenants in the Navy, to rank from the Ella F. Day to be postmaster at Hamburg, Carlton F. Elwell to be postmaster at Toms date stated opposite their names, to correct Ill., in place of Frank Fischer, removed. River, N.J., in place of H. M. Dunham. In­ the date of rank as previously nominated · William A. Schulke to be postmaster at cumbent's commission expired February 18, and confirmed: Riverton, Ill., in place of W. A. Schulke. In­ 1939. cumbent's commission expired July 1, 1940. William D. Kelly, July 1, 193g. NEW YORK Dale R. Frakes, July 22, 1939. Charles H. Beien to be postmaster at Rock Milton F. Pavlic, August 1, 1939. Falls, Ill., in place of R. E. Harper, deceased. Harold L. Wright to be postmaster at Bell­ Richard.H. Blair, September 23, 1939. George J. Holm to be postmaster at South port, N.Y., in place of A. R. Maletta, removed. Harry G. Moore, November 1, 1939. Wilmington, Ill., in place of John Suddick, Arnold E. Cook to be postmaster at Her­ Mark E. Dennett, January 1, 1940. resigned. mon, N.Y., in place of J. E. Robinson, retired. DeWitt C. Mciver, Jr., February 1, 1940. John H. Zitzmann to be postmaster at James E. Clark to be postmaster at Pleasant Michael B. O'Connor, February 12, 1940. Trenton, Ill., in place of W. E. Poos. Incum­ Valley, N. Y., in place of E. M. Cole, resigned. Norman J. Sampson, February 20, 1940. bent's commission expired April 24, 1940. Bernard J. Sheeran to be postmaster at Martin M. Koivisto, April 1, 1940. Staten Island, N.Y., in place of C. F. Pallister, John A. Moore, May 1, 1940. INDIANA res:gned. Robert B. Moore, June 1, 1940. Grace Cross to be postmaster at Browns­ John F. Fairbanks, Jr., June 26, 1940. town, Ind., in place of L. M. Welsh, deceased. NORTH CAROLINA Nathaniel M. Dial, June 26, 1940. Hazel H. Applegate to be postmaster at Arthur W. Burt to be postmaster at Biscoe, Charles E. Robertson, July 1, 1940. Carmel, Ind., in place of H. R. Applegate. N. C., in place of R. D. McLeod, transferred. Julian S. Hatcher, Jr., August 1, 1940. Incumbent's commission expired July 27, Walter H. Blair to be postmaster at Caro­ Earnest G. Campbell, September 1, 1940. 1939. lina Beach N.C., in place of J. C. Keleman, James H. Fortune, Jr., September 1, 1940. Fred H. Banks to be postmaster at Grand removed. Thomas H. Moorer, November 23, 1940. View, Ind., in place of Orville Martin, de­ Frank D. Bell to be postmaster at Tuxedo, Arnold F. Schade, December 1, 1940. ceased. N. C. Office became Presidential July 1, 1940. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 845

NORTH DAKOTA WISCONSIN . James E. Tinling William G. Blasdel Henry R. Wahl to be postmaster at Ana­ Milton E. Lang to be postmaster at Wabeno, Wells C. Felts moose, N. Dak., in place of A. A. Glotzbach, Wis., 1n place of W. A. Weier, removed. resigned. Vernon 0 . . Fuller to be postmaster at TO BE A LIEUTENANT Emil R. Christensen to be postmas~er ·at Wonewoc, Wis., in place of A. R. White. In­ Drake, N.Dak., in place of H. L. Morrow, re­ cumbent's commission expired August 14, Frederick Wolsieffer moved. 1939. TO BE REAR ADMIRALS OHIO Alexander H. VanKeuren Har.ry R. Shipman to be postmaster at Or­ CONFIRMATIONS Henry K. Hewitt :wen, Ohio, in place of Aymer Nye, resigned. Executive nominations confirmed by TO BE A CAPTAIN the Senate February 10, 1941, as follows: OKLAHOMA Albert H. Rooks Roy Ruel Castleberry to be postmaster at DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TO BE COMMANDERS Bokchito, Okla., in place of W. F. Hughes. ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL Incumbent's commission expired June 19, William L. Rees 1940. Wendell Berge to be Assistant Attorney Jesse H. Carter Sam C. Ritter to be postmaster at Wyan­ General of the United States. TO BE A LIEUTENANT COMMANDER dotte, Okla. Office became Presidential July PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY 1, 1940. Robert B. Ellis TO BE A REAR ADMIRAL OREGON Thomas Withers TO BE A LIEUTENANT Harold L. Muzzy to be postmaster at Horace V. Bird Cloverdale, Oreg., in place of V. R. Donaugh, TO BE CAPTAINs' resigned. John G. Moyer TO BE LIEUTENANTS (J~OR GRADE) Robert D. Pittam to be postmaster at North Robert W. Hayler Bend, Oreg., in place of F. B. Hollister, trans­ Ray A. Snodgrass Richard L. Conolly: James G. Cresap ferred. Williani A. Corn PENNSYLVANIA TO BE A CHIEF ELECTRICIAN TO BE COMMANDERS Seth W. Bloom to be postmaster at Clear­ Joe M. Danielski field, Pa., in place of Daniel Leffier, deceased. John T. Bottom, Jr. Thomas A. Friel to be postmaster at Crum Elmer F. Helmkamp TO BE A CHIEF MACHINIST Lynne, Pa., in place of P. J. Friel, deceased. Edwin G. Fullinwider J. LeRoy Johnson Gordon Stella to be postmaster at Edge TO BE LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS Hill, Pa., in place of A. R. Minio, removed. TO BE REAR ADMIRALS Wilda E. Sickles to be postmaster at Hous­ William R. Hollingsworth ton, Pa., in place of L. M. Peacock. Incum­ Ford N. Taylor, Jr. Herbert S. Howard bent's commission expired June 25, 1940. Roy A. Gano Allan J. Chantry, Jr. Kathryn H. Eaton to be postmaster at William K. Romoser Lawrenceville, Pa., in place of M. L. King, Benjamin Van M. Russell TO BE A CAPTAIN transferred. John E. Fradd John B. W. Waller Daniel E. Walter to be postmaster at Le­ Charles W. ¥oses banon, Pa., in place of D. E. Walter. Incum­ Robert S. Purvis, Jr. TO BE A LIEUTENANT bent's commission expired March 18, 1939. TO BE LIEUTENANTS Clarence M. Caldwell Ralph Blaine Althouse to be postmaster at Sharon Hill, Pa., in place of R. B. Althouse. Aquilla G. Dibrell, Jr. TO BE A UEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Incumbent's commission expired January 28, Thomas E. Chambers 1940. Alexander B. Coxe, Jr. Hugh R. Rimmer Louis J. Stocker RHODE ISLAND Charles L. Moore, Jr. DIPLOMATIC SERVICE Freeman P. Tefft to be postmaster at Raymond B. Jacoby Clarence E. Gauss to be Ambassador Ex­ Saunderstown, R. I., in place of A. E. Osborne, Bruce E. Wiggin traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the removed. James M. Elliott United States of America to China. John Ramee John · G. Winant to be Ambassador Ex­ SOUTH DAKOTA Ruben E. Wagstaff traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Ward Kieser to be postmaster at Wessing­ Thomas H. Moorer United States of America to Great Britain. Frederick W. Bruning ton Springs, S.Dak., in place of N. V. Anton. Edwin C. Wilson to be Ambassador Ex­ Incumbent's commission expired May 1, 1940. Roy M. Davenport traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Arnold F. Schade United States of America to Panama. TEXAS TO BE A LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) William Dawson to be Ambassador Extraor­ Homer S. Granberry to be postmaster at dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Douglassville, Tex. Office became Presi­ Herold A. Harveson States of America to Uruguay. dential July 1, 1940. TO BE A PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr., now Am­ William J. Reeves to be postmaster at bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentia:ry Humble, Tex., in place of Emery Beaumont. Martin T. Macklin to Poland, to serve concurrently and without Incumbent's commission expired January 31, TO BE A PAYMASTER additional compensation as Ambassador Ex­ 1940. James R. Hanna traordinary and Plenipotentiary near the UTAH Government of Belgium now established in TO BE A CHIEF GUNNER London; and as Envoy Extraordinary and Ivan Decker to be postmaster at Parowan, Minister Plenipotentiary near the Govern­ Utah, in place of W. W. Mit~hell, deceased. Daniel B. Shepherd ments of Norway and the Netherlands, also Elizabeth C. Elliott to be postmaster at TO BE A CHIEF ELECTRICIAN now established in London. Wendover, Utah, in place of M. N. Lyman, Jay Pierrepont Moffat, now Envoy Extraor­ removed. Hugh C. Overstreet dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Can­ VIRGINIA ada, to serve concurrently and without addi­ TO BE A CHIEF RADIO ELECTRICIAN tional compensation as Envoy Extraordinary Jane S. Clarkson to be postmaster at Mill­ Robert D. Lagle and Minister Plenipotentiary near the Gov­ boro, Va., in place of A. C. Tyree, resigned. ernment of Luxemburg now established in TO BE CHIEF MACHINISTS Canada. WASHINGTON Otis M. Parker Nelson T. Johnson to be Envoy Extraor­ Orley B. Gwin to be postmaster at Benton John M. Owen dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the City, Wash., in place of A. E. Scott. Incum­ United States of America to Australia. bent's commission expired July 1, _1940. TO BE ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS Alexander C. Kirk to be Envoy Extraordi­ Roy H. Burgess, Jr. nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the WEST VIRGINIA Donald V. Wengrovius United States of America to Egypt. James C. Cameron to be postmaster at Frederic W. Muir Herbert Claiborne Pen to be Envoy Ex­ Hollidays Cove, W.Va., in place ofT. T. Bam­ Harold E. Nixon traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of brick, deceased. Charles D. Cooper the United States of America to Hungary. 846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE ' FEBRUARY 10 Bert Fish to be Envoy Extraordinary and to apply under the Retirement Act. I Mr. TABER reserved all points of order Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States may say that in the 15 years I have against the bill. of America to Portugal. been a member of the Committee on Ac­ .--- counts I have never heard a better case EXTENSION OF REMARKS presented than was presented on this Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Speaker, this aft­ REJECTION matter in justification for this addi­ ernoon I expect to make some remarks Executive nomination rejected by the tional employee. on a bill to be called up by the gentleman Senate February 10, 1941, as follows: Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Not only does from North Carolina. I ask unanimous Bonham E. Freeman to be postmaster at the disbursing office take care of these consent now in the House that I may in­ Bowling Green in the State of Missouri. retired employees but most of the Mem­ clude in the remarks I expect to· make bers have hired an additional clerk, and some testimony presented by Secretary there are many requests made on the Morgenthau on that subject before our disbursing office. We feel this additional Committee on Appropriations. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clerk for the disbursing office is necessary . · The SPEAKER. Without objection, it and justified. 1s so ordered. MoNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1941 Mr. COCHRAN. The gentleman is There was no objection. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. entirely correct. . Mr. WELCH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ Mr. ·Speaker, I move the previous Imous consent to extend my remarks in gomery, D. D., offered the following question on the resolution. the RF;CORD · and to include therein an prayer: The previous question was ordered. address delivered by Mr. Joseph Scott, of Los Angeles, in the civic auditorium of Most gracious Lord God, we praise The resolution was agreed to, and a motion to reconsider was laid on the San Francisco on the subject Ireland's Thee that in the long travail of this tor­ Neutrality. ' tured earth Thou hast never forsaken table. Thy children. Thy merciful Providence REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATIVE . The SPEAKER. Without objection, it PROCEDURE 1s so ordered. has always Jed us along the white ways of There was no objection. eternal hope where there is true peace Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the and unwearying toil. Morning, noon, and Mr. ROBERTSON of North Dakota. Committee on Printing I report back a Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to night will come, but truth will expand, privileged resolution