Factors Influencing University Sport Participation Among Rural and Remote First Nations Athletes in Manitoba

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Factors Influencing University Sport Participation Among Rural and Remote First Nations Athletes in Manitoba Factors Influencing University Sport Participation among Rural and Remote First Nations Athletes in Manitoba by Nickolas J. Kosmenko A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Applied Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2021 by Nickolas J. Kosmenko ii Abstract This research focused on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Call to Action 90(ii): “[a]n elite athlete development program for Aboriginal athletes” (TRC, 2015, p. 10). Numerous barriers impede Indigenous peoples’ sport participation (e.g., racism, cultural exclusion, few Indigenous coaches, geographic isolation of reserves). University sport programs can be helpful in this regard by providing access to sport resources (e.g., expert coaches, athletic therapists, sport nutritionists, sport psychologists, quality facilities and equipment) yet many obstacles affect university education for Indigenous students (e.g., racism, cultural irrelevance, limited academic direction in communities). Approximately 18% of people in Manitoba identify as Indigenous, suggesting efforts to overcome barriers to university sport/education would be impactful. Using socioecological frameworks and following an Indigenous research paradigm, the overarching focus of this research was to identify factors influencing university sport participation specifically among rural and remote First Nations athletes in Manitoba. Chapter 5 used conversational interviews to gather insights from rural and remote First Nations athletes at the high school level, as well as their coaches and teachers. Similar methods were used in Chapter 6, but with university-level athletes, their coaches, and university athlete alumni. Due to the importance of Indigenous coaches to athletic development of Indigenous athletes, Chapter 7 used conversational interviews to examine the factors influencing Canadian First Nations coaches’ coaching paths. Results of Chapters 5 and 6 highlighted challenges related to opportunity and direction with respect to both sport and education, as well as the importance of exposure to urban environments and high-performance, mainstream/university sport prior to university. Results of Chapter 7 highlighted the importance of relationships along coaches’ career paths, as well as the need for more coaching clinics in rural/remote communities. Collectively, Chapters 5, 6, and 7 can inform academic and sport organizations contributing to the development of First Nations athletes and coaches. Lastly, to raise awareness among graduate students considering work following an Indigenous research paradigm prioritizing relational accountability and reciprocity, as well as among current and potential members of these graduate students’ support networks, Chapter 8 used a fictional autoethnography to examine the challenges I encountered throughout my thesis work. Keywords: First Nations peoples, First Nations athletes, First Nations coaches, sport, university, rural, remote iii Co-authorship Chapter 1: Kosmenko, N. J. Chapter 2: Kosmenko, N. J. Chapter 3: Kosmenko, N. J. Chapter 4: Kosmenko, N. J. Chapter 5: Kosmenko, N. J., & Strachan, L. Chapter 6: Kosmenko, N. J., & Strachan, L. Chapter 7: Kosmenko, N. J., & Strachan, L. Chapter 8: Kosmenko, N. J. Chapter 9: Kosmenko, N. J. iv Acknowledgements This research was funded by a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, a Manitoba Graduate Scholarship, a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Canada Graduate Scholarship (Master’s Program), a CD Howe Memorial Fellowship in Creative Writing and Oral Culture, Sport Canada’s Sport Participation Research Initiative, and a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. v Dedication This thesis is dedicated to everyone who helped with not only its production, but also with my growth and development as a researcher and human being. Joannie says research should be transformative, and I can say that over the past several years, from the start of my MA until now, I have been very humbled by the wisdom, positive encouragement, support, and patience of the athletes, coaches, and teachers I have talked to, as well as my thesis committee members, mentors, lab mates, family, and friends. As well, I have long been a critic of the predominating views existing in our society regarding the images we, as its citizens, should project in terms of appearance, behavior, beliefs, and values, and so, I would like to also dedicate this thesis to all those who work toward making environments (in sport and elsewhere) more inclusive of those who do not find themselves within the narrow boundaries society uses to define what is virtuous. My good mentor Heatherrrr says the work we do is not only hard work, but also heart work. I’m not sure what it is that prompts some people to engage in this type of work, and others to choose something that isn’t as emotionally taxing. Perhaps the words of Rocky IV’s Apollo Creed may be useful here in helping us explore why we do what we do: “You and me, we don’t even have a choice. See we’re born with a killer instinct that you can’t just turn off and on like some, some radio. We have to be right in the middle of the action ‘cause we’re the warriors. And without some, some challenge, without some damn war to fight then the warrior may as well be dead” (Chartoff et al., 1985).1 Perhaps we’re just geared that way. Perhaps we simply have to be involved. Whatever the case, we continue on in a way that can be described using the words Kennedy (1980, 33:27)2 spoke at the 1980 Democratic National Concession Address: “The work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dream shall never die.” We don’t stop at impossible. -Nickolas J. Kosmenko 1 Winkler, I., Chartoff, R. (Producers), & Stallone, S. (Director). (1985). Rocky IV [Motion picture]. United States of America: MGM/UA Entertainment Company. 2 Kennedy, E. (1980, August 12). 1980 Democratic national concession address [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/tedkennedy1980dnc.htm vi Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Co-authorship ............................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... v Contents ........................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. xiii Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... xiv The Thesis ................................................................................................................................ xiv My Positionality in Brief ......................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: General Introduction .............................................................................................. 17 Who is Indigenous? .................................................................................................................. 17 Why Manitoba, and What is “Rural and Remote”? .................................................................. 18 Why Sport? ............................................................................................................................... 21 Why University Sport? ............................................................................................................. 23 Research Purpose in Brief ......................................................................................................... 25 What is an Indigenous Approach to Research? ........................................................................ 26 Margaret Kovach (2015) ....................................................................................................... 26 Shawn Wilson (2001) ........................................................................................................... 28 Michael Anthony Hart (2010) ............................................................................................... 28 Denise Jaworsky (2019) ........................................................................................................ 29 Why I Chose to Follow Wilson’s (2001) Indigenous Research Paradigm ........................... 30 Strategies for Meeting Relational Accountability and Reciprocity Obligations .................. 33 A Word About Validity and Reliability ................................................................................ 34 How Can Future Work Better Follow Wilson’s (2001) Indigenous Research Paradigm? ... 34 Theoretical Frameworks ..........................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic Criteria for Research
    The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic criteria for research World Health Organization Geneva The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations with primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. Through this organization, which was created in 1948, the health professions of some 180 countries exchange their knowledge and experience with the aim of making possible the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. By means of direct technical cooperation with its Member States, and by stimulating such cooperation among them, WHO promotes the development of comprehensive health services, the prevention and control of diseases, the improvement of environmental conditions, the development of human resources for health, the coordination and development of biomedical and health services research, and the planning and implementation of health programmes. These broad fields of endeavour encompass a wide variety of activities, such as developing systems of primary health care that reach the whole population of Member countries; promoting the health of mothers and children; combating malnutrition; controlling malaria and other communicable diseases including tuberculosis and leprosy; coordinating the global strategy for the prevention and control of AIDS; having achieved the eradication of smallpox, promoting mass immunization against a number of other
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix Charles C
    APPENDIX CHARLES C. HUGHES GLOSSARY OF 'CULTURE-BOUND' OR FOLK PSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES INTRODUCTION As suggested by Hughes in his Introduction to this volume, the term "culure­ bound syndromes" has an elusive meaning; in fact, the several conceptual elements that might imply a focused and exclusive reference for the phrase vanish upon examination, leaving a phrase that still has currency but little discriminable content. What remains appears to be more a feeling tone about certain patterns of behavior so unusual and bizarre from a Western point of view that, regardless of defmitional ambiguities, they have continued to be accorded by some writers a reified status as a different "class" sui generis of psychiatric or putatively psychiatric phenomena. Even if such a unique class were defensible, the topic is beset with sheer nota­ tional confusion. A reader may wonder, for example, whether terms resembling each other in spelling (e.g., bah tschi, bah-tsi) are reporting different disorders or simply reflecting differences in the authors' phonetic and orthographic tran­ scription styles for the same disorder. Or perhaps the various renderings are ac­ curately transcribed but represent dialectical differences in names used for a given syndrome by various groups having the same basic cultural orientation (e.g., win­ diga, witika, wihtigo, whitigo, wiitika)? In addition, of course, there may be entirely different terms for what is claimed to be essentially the same condition in diverse cultural groups (e.g., karo and shook yang). Dr. Simons noted in the foreword to this book that, as colleagues at Michigan State University over ten years ago, we began to think about such a volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Psychological Science: Then And
    CPXXXX10.1177/2167702616673363LilienfeldThen and Now 673363research-article2016 Editorial Clinical Psychological Science 2017, Vol. 5(1) 3 –13 Clinical Psychological Science: © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Then and Now DOI: 10.1177/2167702616673363 journals.sagepub.com/home/cpx Scott O. Lilienfeld Department of Psychology, Emory University In case you were wondering (and in case you weren’t), open to work drawn from a variety of subdisciplines the title of this article possesses a double meaning: It within basic psychological science, including physiologi- refers to both the Association for Psychological Science cal, evolutionary, comparative, cognitive, developmental, (APS) journal Clinical Psychological Science (CPS), of social, vocational, personality, cross-cultural, and mathe- which I am the new Editor, and to the field of clinical matical psychology, as well as from scientific disciplines psychological science at large. In this editorial, I examine that fall outside the traditional borders of psychological where our journal has been and where it is headed over science, including genetics, neuroscience, economics, the next several years, using past and ongoing develop- business, sociology, anthropology, microbiology, medi- ments in our field as context. Along the way, I will share cine, nursing, computer science, linguistics, and public my, at times, heterodox views of the field and explain health. Secondarily, CPS’s mission is translational, as we where I see CPS fitting into the broader domain of clini- aim to bridge the often yawning gap between basic and cal psychological science. In particular, I highlight CPS’s applied science relevant to clinical problems. long-standing emphases as well as a few novel ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Inuit Concepts of Mental Health and Illness
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgment..........................................................................................................4 Summary ........................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................9 1.1 Outline of Report...............................................................................................10 1.2 The Inuit of Nunavik. .......................................................................................10 1.3 Psychiatric Epidemiology Among the Inuit..................................................13 1.4 Traditional Concepts of Illness........................................................................17 1.5 Contemporary Concepts of Mental Health and Illness...............................17 2. Methods......................................................................................................................21 2.1 Ethnographic Studies of the Meaning of Symptoms and Illness...............21 2.2 Study Sites..........................................................................................................22 2.3 Selection of Respondents & Sampling ...........................................................22 2.4 Procedure for Ethnographic Interviews ........................................................25 2.5 Data Analysis.....................................................................................................28
    [Show full text]
  • Inussuk 2017 1 Bilag 6 Final-1
    Bilag 6 til Fra passiv iagttager til aktiv deltager Bidrag til kortlægning af mekanismerne bag de seneste 150 års samfundsmæssige forandringer og gradvist øgede demokratisering i Grønland [Udgives kun elektronisk] Klaus Georg Hansen Nuuk 2017 Klaus Georg Hansen Bilag 6 til Fra passiv iagttager til aktiv deltager Bidrag til kortlægning af mekanismerne bag de seneste 150 års samfundsmæssige forandringer og gradvist øgede demokratisering i Grønland INUSSUK – Arktisk forskningsjournal 1 – 2017 – Bilag 6 Udgives kun elektronisk på hjemmesiden for Departementet for Uddannelse, Kultur Forskning og Kirke. 1. udgave, 1. oplag Nuuk, 2017 Copyright © Klaus Georg Hansen samt Departementet for Uddannelse, Kultur, Forskning og Kirke, Grønlands Selvstyre Uddrag, herunder figurer, tabeller og citater, er tilladt med tydelig kildeangivelse. Skrifter, der omtaler, anmelder, citerer eller henviser til denne publikation, bedes venligst tilsendt. Skriftserien INUSSUK udgives af Departementet for Uddannelse, Kultur, Forskning og Kirke, Grønlands Selvstyre. Formålet med denne skriftserie er at formidle resultater fra forskning i Arktis, såvel til den grønlandske befolkning som til forskningsmiljøer i Grønland og det øvrige Norden. Skriftserien ønsker at bidrage til en styrkelse af det arktiske samarbejde, især inden for humanistisk, samfundsvidenskabelig og sundhedsvidenskabelig forskning. Redaktionen modtager gerne forslag til publikationer. Redaktion Forskningskoordinator Najâraq Paniula Departementet for Uddannelse, Kultur, Forskning og Kirke Grønlands Selvstyre Postboks 1029, 3900 Nuuk, Grønland Telefon: +299 34 50 00 E-mail: [email protected] Publikationer i INUSSUK serien kan rekvireres ved henvendelse til Forlaget Atuagkat ApS Postboks 216 3900 Nuuk, Grønland Email: [email protected] Hjemmeside: www.atuagkat.gl Bilag 6 til Fra passiv iagttager til aktiv deltager Indledning Både selve PhD afhandlingen og værket her bygger på syv artikler, som jeg har skrevet.
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Achievement and Minority Individuals
    A-Jackson.qxd 7/12/2006 2:10 PM Page 1 A achievement gaps between certain racial or ethnic groups ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT on standardized tests in different subject areas and across AND MINORITY INDIVIDUALS grade levels. Other measures of academic achievement, such as grades and class rankings, show similar differ- The academic achievement of some minority individ- ences in minority and majority achievement. uals and groups remains a ubiquitous and seemingly Beyond the consistency of the disparities in minor- intractable problem in the United States. The problem ity and majority achievement, it is by no means clear is usually defined in terms of mean differences in what these discrepant scores really mean. To character- standardized achievement test scores between certain ize racial and ethnic differences as minority differences racial or ethnic groups. There is good reason for con- suggests that these groups have had similar experiences cern because on virtually every measure of academic and that these experiences influence their behavior in achievement, African American, Latino, and Native a similar way. However, this is not the case. There is American students, as a group, score significantly tremendous variability within and across racial and lower that their peers from European backgrounds. ethnic groups even though they are ascribed minority Moreover, it appears that gaps first manifest early in status in U.S. society. For example, native-born African school, broaden during the elementary school years, Americans and immigrants of African ancestry are sim- and remain relatively fixed during the secondary ilar in terms of race and minority status, but they have school years.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Aboriginal Curricula Using a Cree-Métis Perspective with a Regard Towards Indigenous Knowledge
    Robert-Falcon Ouellette Evaluating Aboriginal Curricula using a Cree-Métis Perspective with a regard towards Indigenous knowledge Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales de l'Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de doctorat en anthropologie pour l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph.D.) Département d‘anthropologie Faculté des sciences sociales Université Laval Québec 2011 © Robert-Falcon Ouellette 2011 Summary There has been much development in Aboriginal curriculum guides across Turtle Island since the 1970s by education authorities. This development has been due to a need by many Aboriginal communities to decolonize their education systems. After all this development there is now a need to determine the direction this decolonization has taken and how far the process has progressed. To do this an analysis was conducted of the curriculum currently in use. Three different evaluation models were developed using an Indigenous philosophy to help assess current Aboriginal curricula in relation to an Indigenous philosophical and holistic worldview. To this end, five subgoals were set forth: 1. define a pan-Aboriginal philosophy of Indigenous knowledge; 2. review the history of Aboriginal education; 3. determine the objectives of Aboriginal education; 4. construct multiple frameworks to assess Aboriginal curricula; and 5. analyze over 48 Aboriginal curricula currently in use by Canadian Aboriginal education authorities. This research aims to improve the quality of education for Aboriginal peoples, in response to concerns raised by the Canadian federal government and more importantly by Aboriginal Canadians. Among the latter, multiple debates are going on about the type of education they wish for their children.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Approaches to Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention
    CMHRU Working Paper 14. Current Approaches to Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention Laurence J. Kirmayer Sarah-Louise Fraser Virginia Fauras Rob Whitley Culture & Mental Health Research Unit Institute of Community & Family Psychiatry Jewish General Hospital 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Rd. Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4 Tel: 514-340-7549 Fax: 514-340-7503 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface & Acknowledgment ................................................................................... 6 Summary .................................................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Objectives 1.2. Outline 1.3. Methods 1.4. Terminology 1.5. Levels and Targets of Intervention 2. Background ........................................................................................................ 12 2.1. Patterns and Prevalence of Suicide 2.1.1 Global Patterns of Suicide 2.1.2 Patterns of Suicide in Canada 2.1.3 Patterns of Suicide among Indigenous People Outside Canada 2.2. Causes of Suicide: Risk and Protective Factors 2.2.1 General Risk Factors 2.2.2 Gender Related Risk Factors 2.2.3 Risk factors Specific to Adolescents and Young Adults 2.2.4 Protective Factors 2.2.5 Summary of Risk Factors 2.3. Approaches to Suicide Prevention 2.4. Previous Reports on Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention 3. Suicide Prevention Programs and Interventions ................................................ 27 3.1. Education and Awareness Programs 3.1.1. School-based Programs 3.1.1.1 Agir Ensemble pour Prévenir le Suicide chez les jeunes 3.1.1.2 Psychoeducation in Belgium 3.1.1.3 Lifelines New Jersey 3.1.1.4 The South Elgin High School Suicide Prevention Project 3.1.1.5 SOS Suicide Prevention Program 3.1.1.6 Raising Awareness of Personal Power 3.1.1.7 Analysis 3.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic and Antipodes
    University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year Indigenous diasporic literature : representations of the Shaman in the works of Sam Watson and Alootook Ipellie Kimberley McMahon-Coleman University of Wollongong McMahon-Coleman, Kimberley, Indigenous diasporic literature : representations of the Shaman in the works of Sam Watson and Alootook Ipellie, PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, 2009. http://uow.ro.edu.au/theses/786 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/786 INDIGENOUS DIASPORIC LITERATURE: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SHAMAN IN THE WORKS OF SAM WATSON AND ALOOTOOK IPELLIE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG By KIMBERLEY McMAHON-COLEMAN B.A. (Hons.), G. Dip. Ed FACULTY OF ARTS 2009 CERTIFICATION I, Kimberley L. McMahon-Coleman, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Kimberley L McMahon-Coleman April 14, 2009 CERTIFICATION I, Kimberley L. McMahon-Coleman, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced
    [Show full text]
  • Storytelling Leadership: Connecting Heart, Mind, Body and Spirit to Stories of the Old Days and Old Ways of Labrador
    Storytelling Leadership: Connecting heart, mind, body and spirit to stories of the old days and old ways of Labrador By Shelley T. Price A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration September 2020, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada © Shelley T. Price, 2020 Approved: Dr. Cathy Driscoll Supervisor Approved: Dr. Renée Hulan Committee Member Approved: Dr. Christopher Hartt Committee Member Approved: Dr. Joseph Gladstone External Examiner Date: September 22, 2020 ABSTRACT Storytelling Leadership: Connecting heart, mind, body and spirit to stories of the old days and old ways of Labrador By Shelley T. Price The THEM DAYS stories of the old days and old ways of Labrador have offered me some leadership advise. This dissertation is a personal story of my uncomfortable long loving deeply contemplative multisensory learning journey. I attempt to guide you through this journey, much of which is emotional, spiritual, and relational. Leadership in the THEM DAYS network is often about enduring hardship and honouring the spectrums of human emotions that come with the lived experience. The leadership is not always about being strong and in control; it is also about accepting strength from others when the time or timing calls for it and having the endurance and patience to bring strength in. Many of the non-Indigenous forms of leadership position humans as the source of leadership and human traits, behaviours, cognition, and affect as central in the leadership process. I have come to understand leadership as a dynamic, multiple, and interconnected ecosystem, whereas stories centre human and non-human actors; corporeal and non-corporeal actants; past, present, and future actions; individual, collective, and intercorporeal networks; through time, space, and plane.
    [Show full text]
  • © Copyright David B. Mykota, 1996
    PREDICTORS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOURS INTHE STUDENT POPULATION SERVED BY THE SASKATOON TRIBAL COUNCIL A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department for the Education of Exceptional Children University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon by David Brian Mykota March, 1996 © Copyright David B. Mykota, 1996. All rights reserved . �,__--- -.-� '--"��-"---------------------------- The authour has agreed that the Library, University of Saskatchewan, may make this thesis freely available for inspection. Moreover, the authour has agreed that permission may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised the thesis work recorded herein or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which the thesis work was done. It is understood that due recognition will be given to the authour and the University of Saskatchewan in any use of the material in this thesis. Copying or publication or any use of the thesis for financial gain without approval by the University of Saskatchewan and the authour's written permission is prohibited. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department for the Education of Exceptional Children University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada. S7N OWO .. -� ..... i.II ABSTRACT Children and adolescents at risk for school failure have become the focus of increased attention because the severity of problems facing them has been intensifying. Teachers report that at-risk children and adolescents in the classroom are not only effecting their own educational opportunities but also those of their peers.
    [Show full text]
  • Inuit Teachers Create Counter Narratives and Disrupt the Status Quo
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 9-17-2014 12:00 AM Our Stories: Inuit Teachers Create Counter Narratives and Disrupt the Status Quo Dawn E L Fyn The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Shelley Taylor The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Education A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Dawn E L Fyn 2014 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, and the Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons Recommended Citation Fyn, Dawn E L, "Our Stories: Inuit Teachers Create Counter Narratives and Disrupt the Status Quo" (2014). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 2459. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2459 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OUR STORIES: INUIT TEACHERS CREATE COUNTER NARRATIVES AND DISRUPT THE STATUS QUO (Thesis format: Monograph) by Dawn E L Fyn Graduate Program in Education A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Dawn E L Fyn 2014 i Abstract Canada has a reputation for diversity and acceptance and of late has made significant strides in formalizing apologies for the maltreatment of Aboriginal populations (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, 2010) .
    [Show full text]