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The Fife and Drum, Dec. 2015, V. 19 No. 5

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The Fife and Drum, Dec. 2015, V. 19 No. 5 The Newsletter of The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common v. 19 No. 5 Dec. 2015 1 For King and Country: 8 Project: Under Gardiner Update WW I and the Mayors of Toronto 8 Celebrating the Magna Carta 3 New Light on Toronto’s Oldest Cold Case 9 Digitizing Manuscripts from the City's 5 The Gibraltar Point Lighthouse Museums Collection 6 What The Friends of Fort York Do: 10 From the Ashes: Breathing New Life into the Our Accomplishments for 2015 Wellington Destructor 7 Manager’s Report 10 Upcoming Events For King and Country: WW I and the Mayors of Toronto by Victor Russell The declaration of war in early August 1914 was not a surprise to Torontonians. The newspapers had warned of the possibility for months and throughout that summer residents paid close attention to events in Europe. Indeed, on the Civic Holiday of 3 August 1914 thousands gathered at newspaper offices for the latest news when they could have been at a city park or enjoying an excursion to the Toronto Islands. A few days later, the Toronto Star reported sales of 100,000 copies of its Extra edition containing the news that on 4 August 1914 Great Britain had declared war on Germany and that perforce, Canada was at war. Within days, officials in Ottawa announced that an expeditionary force of volunteers would be assembled at Valcartier military camp north of Quebec City. Thousands Thomas Langton Church (1870-1950), mayor of Toronto 1915-1921, seen here from across Canada, having anticipated war, headed there on the right striking a jaunty pose, attended hundreds of recruiting rallies immediately. From Toronto, men from numerous militia units throughout the war. At this one in summer 1916, at City Hall, Hon. Capt. the Rev. John D’ole Morrow appeals for men to join the 180th Battalion (Sportsmen readily joined the trek, including officers and men from the Battalion) of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. (Credit: City of Toronto Archives, Queen’s Own Rifles, the 10th Royal Grenadiers, the Governor William James Collection, Fonds 1244, item 721) General’s Body Guard, and the 48th Highlanders. In just a month a Canadian Expeditionary Force of some 30,000 men military, including city parks, Stanley Barracks, the Exhibition left for England, arriving at Salisbury Plain in October 1914. grounds, and the University. Even the little used “Old” Fort During the Great War, Toronto was the command centre for York was outfitted to house the ever expanding Canadian Military District No. 2 and grew to resemble a military camp. Ordnance Corps. Then, as the need for more properties Throughout the conflict, no other local public figure became grew, Council waived taxes, fees, and water rates on the many as closely related to home front activities as did Mayor Tommy privately owned buildings occupied by the military. Councillors Church. He reportedly appeared at every recruiting event approved a Soldiers Insurance program that provided $1000 and bond rally held in the city. It was also said he was at the of life insurance for Torontonians serving overseas. City station for the departure of every troop train, earning him the employees were then encouraged to enlist and a program was nickname “the Soldier’s Friend.” instituted whereby the city would make up the difference Over the next four years, Mayor Church headed a City between their city salary and soldier’s pay. Among the most Council that readily supported all manner of home front visible activities were the recruiting events and parades that efforts. Council approved grants to private charitable would result in the voluntary enlistment for overseas duty organizations such as the Canadian Patriotic Fund and the Red of more than 60,000 men in various services and some 3000 Cross. As expected, most public properties were occupied by the women, most in the Canadian Army Medical Corps. Bert Sterling Wemp (1889-1976), mayor of Toronto 1930, photographed as a flight sub-lieutenant at Redcar, England, 1917. Redcar in northeast Yorkshire was the staging area for the Royal Naval Air Service, North Atlantic patrols. (Photo courtesy of his grandson Bruce Skeaff. A copy is also available in the Wemp Scrapbook, City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 1079) Corporal Ralph Carrette Day (1898-1976), mayor of Toronto 1938-1940, of the 169th Battalion. Eager like many other young men to be part of the fray, he enlisted nine months before his eighteenth birthday. (Photo courtesy of his daughter Marie Day) Lieutenant George Reginald Geary (1873-1954), mayor of Toronto 1910- 1912, a senior member of the Ontario Bar, was forty-one years old and Another mayor, Ralph Carrette lacked military experience when he joined the staff of the 35th Battalion, CEF, as the junior officer. Seen here on the right, he is watching field Day, was attending Riverdale manoeuvres with his fellow officers (l. to r.) Lt. Col. Frank C. McCordick, Collegiate Institute in February Major Reginald Pellatt, and Captain Walter Gow before their unit 1916 when he left school and, went overseas in 1915. (Credit: City of Toronto Archives, William James Collection, Fonds 1244, item 2582) misrepresenting his age, enlisted in the 169th Battalion. Upon his arrival in England, Private Day was Three of these recruits would serve as mayor of Toronto. transferred to the 116th Battalion Surprisingly, George Reginald Geary enlisted after his and was involved in numerous actions in mayoral terms. A member of the social and political elite, the France including Vimy. Promoted sergeant, he was wounded forty-one-year-old bachelor had been in civic politics since in July 1917 at Avion and spent nine months in hospital. 1904 and was elected mayor in 1910, 1911, and 1912. Geary Attached afterward to the 8th Reserve Battalion as an was a renowned barrister and the city’s Corporation Counsel instructor, Day earned a commission as lieutenant. when he joined the 35th Battalion as assistant adjutant in The story of one other mayor deserves recounting. Horatio April 1915. Lieutenant Geary went overseas in October 1915 Hocken had been on City Council and Board of Control and when the 35th was designated a reserve battalion, he since 1907 and was elected mayor in 1912, 1913, and 1914. was made captain and reassigned to the 58th Battalion. By In October 1918 he learned in a letter from a former council February 1918 Geary had been promoted major and awarded colleague, Major George R. Geary, that his twenty-four-year- the Military Cross and the Legion of Honour. Major Geary old son, Richard Henry Hocken, had been killed in action. was with the 58th when the battalion marched through the Before the war, Richard had worked in his father’s printing streets of Toronto in a tumultuous welcome home parade in business and was a member of the 9th Toronto Light Horse March 1919. (9th Mississauga Horse), a local mounted militia unit. In Also among the volunteers was a young journalist named 1916 young Hocken enlisted in the Canadian Light Horse Bert Sterling Wemp who would be elected mayor in 1930. (CLH) and went overseas attached to the 170th Battalion. He had started his career with the Toronto Telegram in 1905 During the Canadian Corps’s “100 Days” offensive, Hocken as a copy boy and by the beginning of the war the twenty- and the CLH participated in the 2nd Canadian Division’s five-year-old was a city hall reporter. He was also an amateur actions in and around the Canal du Nord and Cambrai. At aviator and was the first Canadian to be accepted by the one point the CLH were ordered to spearhead an assault on Royal Naval Air Service as a pilot. After training at the enemy positions near Iwuy, France. Official reports recorded Curtiss School at Long Branch, he went overseas and flew that Lieutenant Hocken “was killed instantly by enemy numerous missions over the North Sea. In April 1918 Wemp machine gun fire when galloping for the ridge.” Today, the participated in the raid on Zeebrugge, Belgium. Rising to the assault on Iwuy is remembered as the last cavalry charge in rank of major, he was involved in the training of pilots and Canadian military history. served as commander of the RAF 218th Squadron. Awarded Hundreds of other “city men” saw action in the First World the Croix de Guerre and the rank of chevalier in the Order War. Among elected officials were Alderman Alfred E. of Léopold (Belgium), Major Bert Wemp was given the Burgess who went overseas with the 204th Battalion and won Distinguished Flying Cross by the Prince of Wales on the the Military Medal and Joseph E. Thompson, a member of Royal Visit to Toronto in 1919. the Board of Control who served as a captain in the 208th 2 The Fife and Drum (Irish Canadians.) Similarly, hundreds of civic employees Corporation Counsel and from 1925 to 1935 was elected a stepped up to serve. The Works Department alone had Toronto MP, acting briefly as minister of justice and attorney more than two hundred employees in uniform. For example, general. Bert S. Wemp, a member of Council through the Oliver Lorne Cameron, a captain in the 54th Battalion, was 1920s, was elected mayor in 1930. The following year he an engineer in the Waterworks Department who enlisted in became city editor for the Telegram. During WW II, Wemp April 1916, married school teacher Gertrude McCullough on was on the front lines as a war correspondent and afterward 8 February 1917, and was killed in action on 10 August 1918 was made OBE. Ralph Day, first elected to the Board of near Amiens.
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