T H E FA T E O F

G L E N GA R R Y :

O R T H E

E X PAT R IAT IO N

T H E M A D N E LL C O S .

A n Hi sto ri c o-Bi ra h i t og p cal S udy .

' BE R N A R D w K E L LY . .

A u flw r of

Th e Lif e o f C a rdin a l Y e rk Th e Co n q uero r o f C ullod t‘ n A S h o rt S ke tc h o f Ch urc h ’ ist t H o w . e c

5

Dubl in

J AM E S DUFFY Co LTD . ,

U 15 Wsu x mros Q AY .

1900.

- Wal ter Cl if f ord M al l et , E sq .

(Co unt o f th e H o ly R o ma n E mpi re)

C R A I G A R D : A S E A R G Y L LS H I R E C R R I C K C A T L ,

T H E FOL LOW I N G I S

D E B/CA TE ! )

I N G R ATE FUL AC K N OW LE D G M EN T O F

H I S S Y M PA ’P H Y

' W l ’ l ‘ H T H E AU H R S S UD I ES T O T .

PREFACE .

THE exodus of an historic race from th e

land of its fathers mu st al way s be a subject

s and th e n a of some intere t . in followi g p ges

an eff ort h as been made to give a short

narrative accoun t of the emig ration of th e

Macdon ells of ( l l engarry to Canada a little

S me more than a century ago . o biographical

and oth er details rel ating to the subject

t ta i s have been reated of inciden lly , and it

hoped that the little historical study will comme nd itself to those concerned in cla n

an d in a ef s t ship , the soci l fect remo ely

’ u a th Th bro ght bout by e 45. e writer begs to express his obligations to Professor

. a s i s A M cdonell of Corpu Chr ti College .

. a e E s . K . C . Oxford , Alex M cdon ll , q , , of

G d O tar an d th e reenfiel , n io , Marquis of

R v n and R ai e l u ig y neval , for supplying s vera

a e e s m valu bl it m of infor ation , which , but

e r ss ta w a for th i kind a is nce, ould not h ve

ee r b n fo thcoming .

CONT E NTS .

PR E FACE — l . G LEN G ARRY

- F H A I I . AT ER M C DO N E LL

I I I —T H G G Y G I M T . E LEN ARR R E EN

- ' - IV . N ms rv E i c ur .

V - M . E IG RAT ION — VL N E W G LEN G ARRY — VI L LAS T

su —T E F C H A rr mx A . H REN R OYAL S co r s

— n s A D N E L L B. S o M C O O FFI CER S

I N D EX.

TH E

FAT E OF G LE N G A R R Y ;

on, TH E

E rpatriation of the macbonel l s.

H A P C T E R I .

Gl eng arry . O speak of the tragedy of the ’45 is T to enunciate one of the common

places of history . The career of its hero from the landing at M oidart to

his death at Rome , long and bitter years after, have been and are still being made the subject of searching e n inquiry . The liv s and fortu es of his distinguished foll owers come next in

interest, and these , too, have received an amount of critical attention only second in degree to that of the master

they served so well . But little , we s e to venture to as ert, has be n done trace the subsequent history of the clans who carri ed the Stuart standard triumphant well nigh to the very heart m of the empire, and whose clay ores l a A 2 T HE FAT E OF struck the last blow for right divine P at reston , Falkirk , and Culloden . In the following pages the writer has en deavoured to narrate the vicissitudes that befell one of the best known of these—the Macdonells of Glengarry as wel l as to furnish some particular of their venerable benefactor, the Right

Rev . Dr . Alexander Macdonell, of

Kingston , Upper Canada , whose name will ever be held in benediction by the descend ants of his race in their home beyond the sea . The name of Glengarry stands pro mi nentl y forward in highland legend , song, and story . Geographically it forms the connecting link uniting the “ great glen of Albyn with the waters e of Loch Hourn , while its magnific nt b il l stretch of heather and , clothed with intermingled red pine and weep i ing birch, g ves the general aspect of the place a character for wild and lonely grandeur that forms the peculiar charm of the country north-west of the

Firth of Forth .

Glengarry, like so many another highland vale, is but the memory of an historic past . Scattered far and wide on many a distant shore are the race that once it sheltered and the descendants of the chiefs who disputed E R R Y GL NGA . 3 with the lords of Cl anranal d and Sleat “ the heritage of Somerled , Lord of the Isles —the famous lineage celebrated ‘ ’ in Flora M I vor s so ng :

0 sp rung from the kings who in Islay ke s a t t te , o s of R e a G a Pr u chief Clan n ld , leng rry , and Sleat ! Combine like three streams fro m one o a s m unt in of now, And resistless in union rush down on the foe l ” Two of the al lied tribes invoked in the stirring address of the Waverley heroine obeyed the martial summons ’45 in the , and from the date of that memorable epoch the decline and fall of the house of Glengarry may be said h to ave commenced . Though John

Macdonell , twelfth chief of the name , with a prudence that frequently char acteri sed the conduct of highland chief and lowland laird in those times of Jacobite risings and Hanoverian repri n sal , abstained from appeari g in arms s for the Chevalier, his son Aenea was “ out ” with a goodly muster of the “ ” n fa cla . In all the af irs and episodes that marked the last struggle of the exiled dynasty for the throne the

Glengarry men were ever to the front . At Cli fton their claymores wrough t 4 T H E FAT E OF

havoc among Cumberland’s dragoons and covered the retreat of the i nsur

gent columns . A few weeks later, amidst the raging storm and murky darkness of the night encounter at

Falkirk, their prowess largely contri buted to the total di scomfiture of ’ Hawley s left . But here a sudden and er fearful tragedy curbed their high care . Shortly after the close of the engage ment the young chieftain of Glengarry,

- the above mentioned Aeneas , fell mor tally wounded by a ball fired at random

Clanranalds. by one of his kinsmen , the His death was purely accidental ; but nothing could appease his follo wers short of the summary execution of the re luckless cause of the disaster . A f usal would probably have led to a highland mutiny, and Charles Edward, like his great grandfather in the case f of Straf ord, unjustly consented to his death . While these things were enacting in R uadh Scotland, Alastair Macdonell, - s elder brother of the ill fated Aenea , was captured at sea on his way to the scene of the rebell ion with some drafts of the Irish Brigade and the French “ Royal Scots) His misfortune was

R o al s see e For the French y Scot , App n di x A . . , end ' u a smi a auw u or CLE NGAR av

(Th e all e ed g Pickl e th e S y p . Fr oma rare woodcmt i n th e o p ssessi oa of (h e A uth o r .

GLENGARRY . 5

analagous to that of Colonel the Hon . ’ R atcl ifie de ure Charles , j third Earl of

Derwentwater, but with this essential — difference that Colonel Ratcliffe was beheaded and Alastair released from the Tower in 17 47 The Government of the day, thoroughly alarmed as it was by the magnitude and gravity of “ ” the horrid and unnatural rebellion , long cast mercy to the winds, and the unconditional release of young Mac

donell , joined to certain subsequent

coincidences, has led Mr . Andrew Lang to identify h imwith the odious “ Pickle ” o . the Spy, the Judas of the l st cause e It is hard, of cours , to believe that debonnai r this gallant, young Chief as his portrait reveals him— who was ’ Charles E dward s constan t companion in Paris in 17 48—who received a gold snuff box from the Prince as a pledge f — 17 51 of af ection who at Rome, in , “ soli cited Cardinal York for a relick of the precious wood of the Holy ” Cross, was the smiling villain that

sold Dr . Cameron to the Government, E libank 17 52 undid the Plot of , and by his timely information overthrew ’ Conflan s fleet, at Quiberon Bay, in 1759 . Facts, however, are proverbi

ally stubborn things, and, though the m evidence is purely circumstantial , any 6 T H E FAT E OF

a wretch has gone to the gallows on less testimony than that comprised in ’ ’ie i ctment i nd . Mr . Lang s historical 17 54 The old Glengarry died in , and Alastair ruled as thirteenth chief amidst vastly diff erent times and no f ew less diff erent manners . Not a u highland proprietors, act ally in pos n session , were now as kee as English squires on rents and dues paid i n h i s specie . Glengarry , on coming to “ own , behaved among his clan o with the utmost arr gance , insolence , On and pride . his first arrival to this K no dart country he went to y , and there took the advantage of his poor ignorant tenants to oblige them to give up all their wadsetts !mortgages! and accept of common interest for their

money, which they all agreed In spite of this and much other sharp

practice of a like nature, the Lord of

Glengarry was never out of difficulties . “ ” b utt He lived in a , and the Govern

ment , he is presumed to have served

at the sacrifice of his honour, repaid

S or o f Pickle the py ; , the Incognit o ” ar Prince Ch les. By Andrew Lang . (Long “ a s G Th e o a s m n , reen , C mp nion of

. i Pickle (I b d . ) “ ! Armsto n Memo irs quoted in Pickle ” the S py .

8 T H E FAT E OF to be rid of the bulk of his now useless tenantry, is a moot question , but it is certain that at this period hundreds of his clansmen quitted Scotland for ever.

The exiles were accompanied by Mr .

John Macdonald of Glenaladale, one of those noble natures whom Providence raises up to comfort the afflicted and suc cour the oppressed . He was the same Glenaladale who at Culloden escaped death as if by a miracle, and in spite of three bayonet wounds showed himself so very active in ministering to the fugitive Prince during his lonely wander h i s ings . He now disposed of estate and accompanied the Macdonal ds across the sea to Prince Edward Island then

called St . J ohns . The settlement not

proving successful, many of the emi t gran s afterwards removed to Acadia,

on the mainland of Nova Scotia . Their services during the American War will re be referred to later on, but we may mark here that their benefactor Glen al adal e , subsequently to that event, l returned to the High ands, where his l descendants sti l flourish, proud in their possession of a renowned and venerable ! name .

w as a R t. R ev One of these the l te . Hugh M D onald a o s of ac , C th lic Bi hop GLENGARRY . 9

Th e example of the Cl anraual d Mac donalds was quickly followed by large n umbers of their kinsmen from Glen K no dart d garry and y , un er the leader ship of Macdonell of Aberchalder, Leek , h i t u e ol l ac e S co h o s . C , and These gentle men and their following came out at ' the invitation of General Sir William “ Johnson , Bart . , English Agent and Superintendent of Indian Affairs for

North America . The emigrants took d up their abo e in Tryon County, Pro vince of New York , near the banks of the Mohawk River . Long ere the settlers were installed th e in their new home , cloud of war had burst and the sto rm of civil discord was ragi ng through the land . In view of the approaching struggle , Lord North , a few months before , had passed the “ ” celebrated Quebec Act, establishing in the Catholic religion Canada, and providing for a legislative Council . This timely measure more than pro b ably saved this portion of North America for the British Crown , but south of the was St. Lawrence it curiously enough regarded by several of the more Puritan

e ee . H i s a G Ab rd n brother, the L ird of len al adal e a so e as was o , l r cently dece ed , C lonel m an Wa o rd Bat. a C m ding the 3 Bl ck tch , R o a a s y l Highl nder , I O T H E FAT E OF colonies as one of the last wrongs done to them by the British govern ! ” “ ment We think , so the Continental “ 17 7 4 a Congress of decl red, the legis l ature of Great Britain is not authorised to establish a religion fraught with — sanguinary and impio us tene ts a vio l ently worded protest framed by John

Jay, many years afterwards American " Minister in Londonfi Though the highland emigrants had small cause to love King George or his s government, their patrioti m quickly gained the mastery over all other con s i n 17 7 5 iderations, and May it was reported to Congress that the Roman Catholic Highlanders ” in and about Johnstown “ had armed themselves to 150 to the number of , ready aid in the suppression of any outbreak in favour ” of the growing cause of liberty . At

this time General Johnson was no more ,

but his son , Sir John , a colonel in the

army , placed himself at the head of the hastil y formed levies which soon swelled

to over three hundred strong . All hope of resistance however was quickly dashed to the ground by the sudden appearance of General Schuyler at the head of a

Th e Cath olic Democracy of Am erica . d E i nb r h R vi ew r il 1890. u g e , Ap I I GLENGARRY .

vastly superior force . The little band of Highlanders were surrounded, forced to surrender their arms, and yield up ol l ach i e Mr . Allen Macdonell of C and some other gentlemen as hostages for their future peaceable behavio—ur . Ties of country, clanship and in many regard for a cherished Faith all contributed to produce their full f ef ect among the Scottish emigrants . Scarcely h ad the rising of the Mohawk settlers been defeated than their kindred “ further south came out as the Carolin a ” a Highlanders . Alan M cdonald of

Kingsburgh , husband of the immortal ’ s rotec Flora, Prince Charle Ed ward s p tress in his perilous wanderings after

Culloden , was chiefly instrumental in raising the corps which numbered among its ranks not a few of the heroes of the ’ 45 a ff . Tr dition narrates that an e ort was made by some unknown agent to get these Highlanders to assert the claims of Charles III . , and commence a war on their own account for the crown ! less king at Rome Be this as it may, their efforts on this occasion were not more succ e ssful than those of their countrymen under Col . Johnson . The Carolina Highlanders advanced to Moore’s Creek where a large body of the

Americans were assembled, and in the T HE FAT E OF

th e 27th darkness of night of February , the mountaineers prepared to carry the bridge by assault . The word was given - the pipes sounded the note of war, as with dirk and claymore the children of

the mist charged down on the foe . e Their leader, Major Macleod , f ll mor t ally wounded in front of a barrier that

defended the bridge, and his men , who

did not at first perceive this obstacle,

strove in vain to force a passage . A few like Captain Campbell got past the

stockade, cut down several sharpshooters

with their broadswords, and then fell

covered with wounds . The remainder

retreated after heavy loss , and next day

finding the situation desperate, surren

dered to Generals Moore and Caswell,

with all their colours, military chest, rank and munitions of war. The and d i a file were dismisse , but the officers sbur h cluding Macdonald of King g , then

seriously ill , and his eldest son were incarcerated in the common jail at

Reading, Pennsylvania . It is gratifying to know that at the conclusion of the

war, the husband of the heroine of the ’45returned to his native Skye where for the rest of his life he enjoyed wi th his family that peace and prosperity which he failed to find amidst the inter e i n c ne strife of the New World . GLENGARRY . 1 3

Th e defeat of the Highl anders of the Mohawk and Carolina did not end their opposition . Their patron Sir John Johnson was accused to Congress of secretly instigating the Indians to sa hostilities, and to avoid the con quences of this denunciation that gentle man and his Scottish dependants hastily set out for Canada which they reached “ encoun in nineteen days, after having tared all th e suff erings tha t it seemed ” possible for man to endure . The refugees were enthusiasticall y welcomed by the Canadians, and the

Governor Sir Guy Carlton , afterwards no Lord Dorchester, lost time in em bodying these and other Scotch loyalists “ ” in The Royal Regiment of New York , “ ’ ” 8 4th Butler s Rangers , and the , or ” Royal Highland Emigrant Regiment. In this latter corps which was com e s m nded by Col . Allen Maclean , erved most of the Highlanders from Glengarry, once more arrayed in the picturesque th e garb of their fathers, and armed with “ much-dreaded claymore) The Scottish

Th e cl a ore was withdrawn fro m th e privates o th e highland regi ments dur mg th e progress of the war on the ground that it was an incumbran ce m a tangled and rugged country I ts loss was much re retted Ge e a ew in g , and n r l Sir David St art 1 4 T H E FATE o r loyalists remained in arms during the and whole course of hostilities , as sol di ers rendered some notable services to

the Crown . Under the command of

Col . St . Leger they signally defeated the Americans in the fierce conflict at th 17 7 7 Oriskany on the 6 of July , in which over four hundred of the enemy

were kill ed . They raided with all the daring and cunning of Caterans on a ea h or g the State of New York , reached

their old abode , the banks of the off Mohawk, and carried in safety such of their families as they had been forced

to leave behind the previous year . In May 17 80they repeated the experiment under the command of Sir John John secur son himself, and were rewarded by a ing the family plate of their le der, which had been hastily buried in the grounds of Johnson ’s Hall at the time of the 1 6 flight to Canada in 7 7 . When the strife between “ loyal blue

advertiu to i ts superi orit over the bayonet “ remarke th at fro m the battle of Culloden when a bo dy of undisciplined hi h l and sh e herds and herdsmen with their i roadswor 8 cut their way through some of the best di sci p lin ed and most approved regiments of the British army down to the time when th e s o s e a o a s w rd wer t ken fr m the Highl nder , the bayonet was in every instance overco m e ” by the sword .

T H E FAT E OF

CH APTER II

Fath er M ac do nel l .

LE XAN DE R AGB M ONELL , des “ h il oso tined to be the guide , p ” pher, and friend of his expatriated fellow -clansmen in their new home 17 17 60 beyond the sea, was born July , , d 17 62 or, accor ing to some , , at his ’ father s house in Glen Urquhart, a romantic vale on the banks of Loch o Ness, forming part of the pr perty of the Earls of S eafield. The glen was among the many in the neighbourhood devastated by Cumberland’s “ blood ” th e hounds after Culloden , when only house that escaped destruction was that of Alexander Grant, of Corrimony . It chanced that as the soldiers were about to set fire to the building the captain — in command of the party an Ogilvie saw his own arms sculptured over the doorway, and spared the house for “ th e s ake of the coincidence) I t is uncertain whether the subject of this notice was sent for the first part

’ “ S ee Drumm ond No rrie s Life of Prince ” a es ar Vol . . Ch rl Stu t , III 1 GLENGARRY . 7 of his education to the famous high “ land hedge school which in those days of penal laws against the ancient Church existed at Bo urbl ach on Loch as Morar, famous the spot where Simon t rt Fraser, Lord Lova , was run to ea h 1746 n . a by the military in June , L ti , and u G Greek , English , the Do ai atech “ ” ism were taught at the Seminary Bourbl ach of , and those youths who gave i c i d s gns of a vo at on to the priesthoo . were afterwards sent to pursue the requisite philosophical and theological studies at one or other of the Scots

Colleges on the Continent . “ All the Macdonell sons were edu ” os e . t d at Douai, says the Rev Stebbing “ s o Shaw in his Hi t ry of Moray, but in this case the tradition was broken through , for young Macdonell was sent P i h e to the Scots College , ar s, which o 5 re entered probably ab ut 17 7 . He t mained here till his six eenth year, d when , having elected to stu y for the “ priesthood and labour for the spiritual ” at good of his countrymen home , he l i n 17 7 8 proceeded to Va ladolid March , , and was matriculated at th e Royal Scots

College . He seems to have en tered this latter seat of learning at the express wish of M n l d . acD o a the Rt . Rev Bishop Hugh , B 1 8 T HE FAT E OF

Vicar Apostolic of the Highland dis tri ct i , who, like Bishop Hay of Ed n burgh , was resolved to send no more students to the Scots College of St.

Andrew at Rome . This, of course, was owing to the unhappy change that had recently come over that venerable i h sti tution by reason of the removal of the Jesuit superiors following on the suppression of the Society by Pope “ Clement XIV . A change of masters ” at a great public school , to quote the theme of the Byronic poem , is always f a momentous af air, but in this case the result was in every way disastrous) “ The Rector of the Valladolid College at this time was the Rev . Dr . Alexander

Cameron , who afterwards succeeded Bishop Hay in the Vicariate of the

Lowland district . No traditions, how

ever, are preserved at Valladolid of ’ young Macdonell s student days . He

As a as 1 93 a s l te July , 7 , the Scotch Vic r Aposto lic addressed a joint letter o f prote st on s a a Th e the ubject to Propag nd . de tail s given of the effect on Catholicity in Scotland owing to the deplorable state of th Th e e College are very painful . Scots e e e s ss th e Coll ge , aft r b ing uppre ed by R o o is s i n 1 98 was s e French ev luti n t 7 , re tor d

a o 1 2 s VII . s b ut 8 0 by Piu , ince when its a r h as e one s a e l c eer b en of te dy, if unev ntfu , o es pr gr s. I GLENGAR RY . 9

e . 16 17 8 7 was ordained pri st on Feb , , and on th e 20th of August of the same year returned to the Scottish mission . At the request of Bishop MacD onald he undertook the spiritual care of Badenoch , a remote district in the south-east part - of Inverness shire, famous for its tower - and ing mountains, far extending lochs, rushing streams . According to a well authenticated tradition , Catholicity in Badenoch was almost uprooted at the a l time of the Reform tion , a though a “ ” respectable congregation came after wards to be formed owing to the influx of persons from other localities . At the head of Loch Laggan stands the ruined church of St . Kenneth , long a favourite place of burial , like the cele b rated Clonmacnoise, on the banks of the Shannon . The Catholic MacD onalds of Kep poch h ad immense influence in the 1745 neighbourhood up to , and, about 17 20 a , two of this family cquired farms U erarder Tul l och crom at pp and , where they maintained chapels for the use of th eir followers . The first priest per manentl y att ached to the mission was the subject of this memoir, and here, “ amidst the Alpine regions of th e ” o . north, he lab ured for five years A few months after hi s settlemen t 2 0 T HE FATE OF

o in L chaber, news arrived of the death of Pri nce Charles Edward at Rome 3 1 (Jan . , In his later years Father Macdonell used to describe th e profound sensation caused by this event amongst his people , many of whom had “ been out in and i n whose hearts lay enshrined the memory of the R igh — ’ 1mGael the idolized hero of Scotland s

undying romance . None of that pri miti ve race knew , even by dim report, the appalling story of the Prince ’s sub

sequent miserable fall , or caught a glimpse of the shadows that darkened the life once teeming with hope and

promise . Outside his own sphere of influence Catholicity in Scotland at this time was in no very flourishing condition . The long and rigorous execution of the penal laws, and perhaps still more , the measures taken by Government after ’45 to destroy clanship and the h power of the c iefs, had produced i their inev table results . The almost ' continuous emigration of the High lan ders subsequent to 17 60 also served i n a very marked degree to lessen the number of the faithful . As far as locality was concerned Catholicism was strongest in Aberdeenshire owing to the tradi tional influence of the Dukes GLENGARRY 2 I of Gordon wh o were Catholic down to shortly before the rebellion . A secret ” Coll ege of priests existed among th e “ stills of mountain dew at Glenlivet, a centre that long c ontinued to keep alive among the Scottish Gael “ the Faith of their fathe rs a thousand years before the hateful sound of the Saxon drum was he ard upon the Highland “ . 17 7 8 Border The Relief Act of , not a withst nding its meagre character, served in a marked degree to assure the exist t ing state of things Ca holic in Scotland , as in England , and about this time a few chapels were opened in various remote parts . When Father Macdonell commenced his missionary labours, the social and economic change already re s a ferred to , was fa t m king itself felt in 8 m his native glens . In 17 4 co menced the system of converting the small farms n s e n i to h epwalks, and letti g them to Lowland shepherds who could pay much higher rents than the p oor tenants al ' ready in possession were able to aflord . The immediate result of this was a large “ number of clearances or evictions .

in a a o of ar a a D g decl r ti n F quh r Sh w , one oythe three gentl emen p rivates of th e “ ” Black Watch sho t f or d esertion in Lon 12th 1 don, July , 743 . 2 2 T HE FAT E OF

“ In the words of Father Macdonell, it was not uncommo n to see from one to two hundred familie s turned adrift and the farms which they had occupied con verted into one sheepwalk , for the accommodation of a south country d shepher , or as it was termed in the country, a hundred and fifty or two hundred smokes went through one chimney . The unfortunate people thus ruth lessly cast forth from their little holdings were without a remedy . The wholesale a emigrations, which re ched an alarming 17 7 2 h ad figure in , caused a sensation throughout the country, and in view of possible depopulation the Government at the instigation of the highland pro “ ” ri etors s p , pa sed an Emigration Act which made it practically impossible for people to leave the country under a sum £50 of . To enforce a measure which aggravated but did not remove the ex i sti n -o f - g evil , men war and armed sloops were sent to watch the highl and loch s and pe rsons attempting to emig rate were liable to be pressed into the Navy . It fortunately happened at this time th at th e mill-masters of Gl asgow were advertising for labourers for the then rapidly growing cotton industry of that in city . Father Macdonell , on being

2 4 T H E FAT E o r

The manufacturers were naturally fear ful of a recurrence of these disorders, an d although personally desirous of assisting in the present case, hesitated to run the ri sk of another popul ar out break . They further reminded him that the bulk of the penal laws were legal ly “ l in force , and that the danger was stil greater to a Cathol ic clergyman who was subject not only to the insult and

abuse of the rabble, but to be arraigned b ” efore a court of justice . Father Macdonell in reply said that although the letter of the law remained i in force, its sp rit was very much modi fied , and that if they would only give w the Highlanders employment, he ould take his chance of the severity of the ” law and fanaticism of the people , and accompany the mountainee rs to the “ factories in order to serve them i n the double capacity of interpreter and clergy ” man . The manufacturers who were much impressed by thi s courageous assur ual i e ance, event ly prom s d to take the dispossessed Highl anders i nto their

’ or s s Mr. Mitf d econd Cathol ic R elief Act se i n 1 9 1 di d a o la pas d 7 , not ppl to Sc t nd where Catholi cs continued un er their many is li i es d abi t till 1793 . 2 GLENGAR RY . 5

e 17 92 s rvice, and in May, , Father

Macdonell , with the approbation of both Vicars Apostolic , took up his d resi ence in Glasgow . In the short space of a few months he was able to secure employment for about 800 of the hill folk who gave every possible satisfaction . The much apprehended religious animosities were not only con S i cuo us p by their absence , but the estimable priest soon came to be much loved among all classes of society . Up to this time the few Catholics in Glasgow had met for Mass in an obscure attic ” up two or three pair of stairs, but by the advice of the Rev . Dr . Porteus, an influential Presbyterian clergyman and uncle of Sir John Moore, the hero of c Corunna, Father Ma donell hired a n offici chapel openi g on the street, and ated there without any interruption . Amidst such surroundings he might l have continued ti l the end of his days, ministerin g to and watching over the s a s ever l interest of his lowly flock , but far wider spheres of influence were to be his . The French Revolution which shook the thrones of E urope to their n fou dations, wrought havoc also with a the trade of Gl sgow, and again brought to the front that problem of existence , which for many was only to be finally T HE FATE OF solved in the distant land beyond the Atlantic waves) “

! Th e immediate successors o f Father Macdonell in the Badenoch di stri cts were : 1 R ev R o a a a s o ( ) the . derick M cdon ld , ci n s of Cl anranal d a of the hou e , who rem ined

a 1803 2 R ev. a till bout June , ( ) the Ev n M acE ach en 1803 -6 a , , who built the ch pel ,

ev . s o . (3) the R . Wm Chi h lm 2 GLENGARRY . 7

CHAPTER III .

Th e G l en g arry R eg i ment .

HE dawn of the French R evol u tion was hailed in England as a veritable political and social renais sance for France . Ardent young minds like Coleridge, Southey, and Words “ e na worth de med it bliss, y, very heaven , to have lived in those days and breathed the first pure air of

Gallic liberty .

It is, however, one thing to smile on reform clothed in the robes of “ ” sweet reason and another to tolerate the presence of bloodstained anarchy “ ” blatant with the rights of man and casting before the thrones of Europe ! th e the head of a king Burke , with serene and lofty eloquence that will ever stir the generous heart and move the sympathetic tear, first sounded the alarm , and England turned from the “ perusal of the Reflections on the French Revolution ” to arm itself as it h ad never armed before against th e d regici e republic .

It was not a moment too soon . Some of the most anarchical pri nciples 2 8 T HE FATE OF of the Revolution raging across the Channel found a congenial home on our shores, and for a brief moment “ threatened the very existe nce of this d ” ancient and splen id monarchy . Jaco bin clubs started up in every large town , where night after night doctrines were advocated such as might have e been heard from the lips of a H bert, a Anach arsi s Cl ootz ! Robespierre, or an The king was hooted and stoned 011 — his way to open Parliament trade de cl ined amidst the general unrest and apprehension—such questions as the

reform of the rotten boroughs, the

amelioration of the criminal code , and the other topics of recent moment were

forgotten , for revolution had created a r i n kind of ter or the land, and as long as its influence lasted even the advo cates of moderate reform were set d down as angerous innovators, nay,

secret rebels, aiming some fatal blow - at the time honoured constitution . Th e fear of red republicanism made every man with anythi ng to lose not ri only a pat ot, but a soldier . Side by

side with the revolutionary coterie , where opinions fearful to the staid ears of conservative E nglishmen were n e ightly applauded and discuss d, sprang e up the Volunt er or Fencible regiment, 2 GLENGARRY . 9

all loyalty for king and country . The long neglected militia assumed a vast and importance , the sudden enormous increase of the “ standing army ” passed t n without commen , even amo g those politicians who up to now had never ceased to regard the royal troops as a sort of Pretorian Guard . The clang of military preparation and the decline of commerce owing to th e agitation everywh ere spre ading on the Continent, produced severe indus i at tr al stagnation home . In no part of the kingdom was the trade-destroyi ng effects o f the Revolutionary crisis felt a more acutely th n in Glasgow . The cotton mills were closed , labour came to - t a stand s ill . But the very cause e which , lower south , t nded to swell the Jacobin clubs with democrats and “ ” sons of liberty produced in the Venice of the West ” an entirely con

trar . z a y result Her citi ens, at le st the majority of them , saw perfectly well that the temporary commercial depre e sion arose from that very desire of political disruption which was coverin g France with horrors and strikin g at r the very root of social order . A pat i otic resolve to keep such pernicious pri nciples from getting the upper han d and o at home arose, Glasgow t ok her 3 0 T H E FAT E o r stand i n the ranks of the national phalanx . The martial spirit was nowhere more conspicuou s than among the highl and operatives, and it was with feelings akin to satisfaction that these hardy sons of the he ather looked forward to “ the pomp and circumstance of glori ” ous war . Father Macdonell entered with zest into the new found aspira tions of his clan , but finding that the — Catholic mountaineers the bulk of those eligible for military employment —were obliged on entering the army to declare themselves Protestants, in

I . pursuance of the statute of George , he conceived the happy idea of raising a Roman Catholic Fencible Regi ” ment for the s ervice of the Govern ment during the present crisis . 17 94 re In February, , a large and presentative meeting of Catholic High land gentlemen was held at Fort ’ Augustus, the focus of Cumberland s d atrocities after Cullo en , but long since the peaceful retreat of the cloistered sons of St . Benedict . A loyal address to the King was drawn up assuring his Majesty of the devotion of his Catholic subjects in Scotland and their desire to serve the throne against its enemies . The address was carried to London and

3 2 T H E FAT E or

“ and the bonnet of black ostrich feathers associated with the martial glories of the highland regiments on v i many a hard fought field . E ery pr vate had a fli nt-locked musket or fir e

lock , which with the bayonet weighed

s 01b . 5 . l l lb 4oz . 1 02 some . as again t the of the present Lee M etf ord and i ts

small sword . The officers had each the - - a e broad bladed basket hilted , cl ymor , a skene di m i n d dirk and , ad ition to the l s long steel highland acks or pi tols . More than half the regiment —which numbered some 800 men—came from

the neighbourhood of Glengarry , and that keen enthusiast for clanship and a t Celtic lore, Gener l Sir David Stewar G of arth , described the Glengarry Fencibles as a h andsome body of ” t men . The first parade on he Gr een at Glasgow went ofl amidst the greatest a m th e enthusi s , and sight must have aroused among the older spectators

many a mental contrast, comparing the present brave array of scarlet and tar tan with the way -worn and ragged appearance of the Glengarry men and s th e the re t of the clans when , in 17 46 memorable January of , they de fil ed past the same spot after the raid to Derby and the long stern chase of ’ Cumberland s dragoons. GLENGARRY. 3 3

Col onel .

Alexander Macdonell of Glengarry .

Li e C l n ut. o o el .

a M Ch rles ac Lean .

a a Alex nder M cdonell .

ta i s Cap n . ‘ Archibald M Lach l an Jam es MacDonal d Donald MacD onald Archibald Macdonell R onald Macdonell R ode rick MacD o nald e Hugh B aton.

l ‘ - up tai n Li eut.

Alexander Macdonell .

Lie e a nt ut n s.

‘ J ohn MacD o nal d J ames M N ab ‘ D nal d M n t R onald Mac o D . I y re ‘ Archibald M Lel l an Donald Chisholm ‘ James Macdonell Allan M Nab

E nsig ns .

a o a Mac Lean Alex . M cdonell D n ld John MacD o nal d Archibald Macdonell

Charles MacD onal d Alex . Macdonell Donald Macdonell Andrew Macdonell s i one Franci L vingst .

A clj uta nt.

o a D nald M cdonel l .

u rter M st r Q a a e .

Alexander Macdonell .

r S u geon.

er o Alexand Macd nell . 34 T H E FATE OF

Ch a l ai p ns.

a o R ev . l . a e C th lic, A ex M cdon ll s a Pre byteri n , U o s arl et a s el l ow. nif rm , c ; f cing , y r a an n ithi Motto, C e g a Fh ch .

Th e Gl en arr Fen ibl e R e iment 1 94 . g y c g , 7 The command of this formidable clan regiment was entrusted to Colonel Alex R analdson ander Macdonell , hereditary laird of Glengarry and famous among “ his contemporaries as the last of the ” highland chiefs . He came to his 17 88 l estates in , and ti l the end of his — life which closed with a tragedy always assumed the dress, rank, and state of his cla s s as it existed i n the good old times before the decline of highland insti tution s and manners sub ’45 “ sequent to the . He seems to have ” a lived a century too l te , wrote his friend Sir Walter Scott of h i m many Y ears afterwards , and the author of “ Waverly selected this Q ui x ote in our ” Macl vor age as the prototype of Fergus , under wh ose delin e ation much of the

e M o charact r of Col . acd nell is de scribed) “

! Elsewhere S i r Walte r thus writes of “ ’ ” Glengarry who w as Pickle s grand -nephew : To me he i s a treasu re as being full of inform ation as to the histo ry of h i s o w n clan G LENGARRY . 3 5

The Glengarry Fencibles having been “ duly placed u pon the regular establish d ment, its comman er and officers now took a step which gave the utmost satisfaction to the government of the day . Fencible regiments were only serw legally bound to in the district, or at most in the country where they d were enrolle , and about this time several of th e other corps raised in

Scotland , refused poin t blank to do 111 th e duty even England , whereas desire of the War Office was to detail militia regiments for garrison duty on the home station , and so leave the regulars free for active service abroad . “ The Glengarry Fencibles by the per suasion of their chaplain off ered to extend their services to any part of

Great Britain or Ireland , or even to the ” islands of Jersey and Guernsey . This offer was most gratefully accepted by

. n the Rt Hon . He ry Dundas, Secre tary-at-VVar on behalf of the Govern 17 95 ment, and in th e summer of the and the manne rs an d custom s of the High r r a d m a s i n a . a n us l nd gene l St ong , ctive , o ar s as r f o r nl . he follow the ch e of the dee a s and i s s h i s d y n ght together , leeping in plaid when darkness overtakes him -Lock ’ h a rt s Li e o S i r Wa l ter S cott E di nbur h f f , g , 1 4 8 5. 3 6 T H E FAT E OF

Glengarry regiment was ordered to

Guernsey . The war that had broken out between England and France i n February 17 93 w as then at its height, and its progress s so far showed , it must be confe sed , a curious balancing of results . Lord Howe ’s “ Glorious First of June (17 94) had eff ectually disposed of a large part of the French fleet , while on the other hand the English army in Holland , und e r the command of the brave but n i efficient Duke of York , could make no head against Pi ch egru and his fierce re publican legions . The Glengarry regiment was not sent to the Channel

Islands without a purpose . Nearly every war with France has been charac terised by an attack on these our last

Norman possessions , and on the present occasion the re were omino us ru mours of n another such attempt . Fourtee years m before, at the close of the A erican deR ul l ecour struggle , the Baron swooped down on Jersey, and the quiet streets of the quaint secluded town witnessed f or the last time in its history a furious conflict between the invaders and the local militia under the youthful Major

Pierson , whose death in the moment of victory afforded a p athetic subject for

R . A . the brush of Singleton Copley, , GLENGARRY . 3 7

father of Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst) ‘ 0 N such warlike incident, however, was destined to occur during the almost three years that the stalwart moun taineers r u gar isoned Castle Cornet, G ern ’ n sey s rocky stro ghold . The regiment was beginnin g to tire of the unbroken

round of peaceful monotony , when in the spring of 17 98 a call to arms came in the shape of immediate orders to d Ireland, the home of perennial trage y and sorrow .

' Th e ea of o e so now in d th Ma r Pi r n , ’ a s son—th e the N tional Gal lery . he arti t s a o — and o s ser future Ch ncell r wife , d me tic

vant figure in the p icture . T H E FAT E OF

CHAPTER IV .

- N i n e ty E i g h t . I T is not easy to give in a few sen tenoes even a cursory sketch of the rise and progress of events that made this one of the darkest years in ’ a Ireland s sombre history . The Vol n teers of 17 82 had succeeded in wring ’ ing from Lord R ocki ngh am s Ministry a reluctant acknowledgment of her legislative independence, but the work 0 still remained incomplete . N amount of Parliamentary patriotism could rid the Senate of the 228 rotten boroughs by which the predominant partner con tinned to render of no avail the self denying l abours of a Grattan and a

Flood . The remedial measures for Erin ’s long suffering—the removal of the dread penal code, the unshackling of trade from comm erce -destroying th e n fetters, settlement of rack re ts and tithes, to mention—but a few of the most pressing reforms were thus stifled at c - the very sour e , and high minded patriots u s like the D ke of Leinster, Lord Moira, and Charl emont retired from th e h Ope less contest i n despair .

T HE FAT E OF

The Macdonell Highlanders landed Ball enack h im at , whence t ey marched mediately to Waterford and New Ross for the purpose of reinforcing General encoun Johnson . They had a severe ter with the insurgents at Laggan Hill and some subsequent skirmishes at n ’ 'l Kilke ny, Hackett s own , and New s Ro s, everywhere winning golden opinions by their humane behaviour r towa ds the vanquish ed , which was in flo i n s striking contrast to the gg g , burn s n ing , and hangi gs which formed the daily occupation of the r est of the l ac military . Father Macdone l , who companied the regiment in all their t r was u en erp ises, instr mental in foster a ing this spirit of concili tion , and his eflorts contributed not a little to the extinction of the rebellion . The Gatho lic chapels in many places had been t turned in o stables by th e yeomanry, and these b e caused to be restored to s their proper use . He often aid Mass him self in these humble places of de voti on t , and invited the inhabitan s to leave their hiding places and resume once more their wonted occupations, ’ assuring them of the king s protection “ ” if they behaved quietly and peaceably . S uch timely exhortations had an al c most magi al effect, though the terror 1 GLENGARRY. 4

stricken population could scarcely be “ lieve their eyes when they beheld a ” regiment of Roman Catholics , speak ing their language and among them so arth n a gg , a priest, assuri g them of immunity from a Govern ment imme mo ri al ly associated with every species n e of wro g and oppr ssion . The only episode of any permanent interest connected with the service of d s the Glengarry Highlan er in Ireland , i s th at of th eir atte mpted capture o f

the celebrated Michael Dwyer . As leader of the last band of ’98 men in ” “ i al l arms , the Captain long def ed f e m ef orts at seizur , and for onths kept the countryside in a state of continual 17 99 disquiet . One night in January , when h e chanced to be with three companions in the house of a small farmer named Connell in the Glen of th e Imail , place was surrounded by a company of the Glengarry Highlanders under the command of a Captain Bacon , an officer of another regiment who Th e was acted as their guide . house fired and the Highlanders stood with levelled muskets expecting every minute the furious outrush of a band o f desper

. n ate men To save his frie d and leader, McAl i ster o , one of the d omed party, nobly dashed forth first from the blaz ing T HE FATE O F

t and building , received the fa al volley, thus al lowed D wyer to escape i n th e invi n confusion of the moment . The subse cible guerilla chief, we believe , quently obtained a free pardon on con th e h dition of leaving country, althoug another account relates that he perished l n mélée d are the . His dee s of daring still commemorated among the hills of his native land in a song of great sweet ness, but one most unjustly abusing the Glengarry men for having merely per formed what was after all their obvious duty) ‘

“ s a ou set But kilted foe r nd them , And fi red the house of Connell ; T s s b o un ds a ho e hungry Scot , the of de th , s a a ! Ah , h me on you M cdonell s a of Spirit of the de d , the butchered G lencoe , Look down with vengeful ire a s s r On you , degener te on . the mu dering r c ew , T a s o f h t ought the life Dwyer . - Of the freedom loving Dwyer . - r F rom Th e P ess. R G LENGAR Y .

C H A P T E R V .

E mi g rati o n .

HE Glengarry Fencibles remained in Ireland till the end of the ” n troubled times, their services bei g ch iefly con fined to stamping out the last embers of insurrection among the mountains and protecting i solated farms and villages from 1 ovin g bands of broken d l men an out aws . Their return to Glasgow coincided with the short-lived peace of Amie ns which was signalised by an almost immediate disbandment h of the auxiliary forces . Among t e regiments di s charged from service were a t the M cdonells, hough most of the officers were given commissions in the a regular rmy . The chief returned to r the Hig hlands, whe e the following year (1803) h e became Colonel Com manding th e Morar and Lette r-Finlay volunteers . The bulk of the late Fen s cibles, however, remained in Gla gow in th e hope of resuming th eir former

m h e s employ ent . T eir xpectation 011 this point w ere doomed to disappoint wa ment . Owing to the r the Scottish 44 T HE FATE OF cotton m anufacture had bee n brought to the verge of ruin , and do what he

would , Father Macdonell could not find

civil occupation for his poor fellows . “ It was clear that fresh field s and pastures new must be sought if the calamities of destitution and starvation r were to be ave ted . In the midst of his dilemma the per pl ex ed p riest res' dved to go to London and lay before the Government a scheme of emigratio n by which an important colony might be very considerab ly bene

fitted , and a larg e body of men who

had deserved well of their country, f e fectually provided for . The wish in was this case father to the thought, and in the summ e r of 1802 h e arrived in the

u s capital . His meritorio s ervices were n n h e already well k ow , and experienced there fore little difficulty in securing a

private audience with the Rt . Hon . d Henry A dington , who from Speaker of the House of Commo n s had lately n become Prime Minister of Engla d . “ The premier received Mr . Macdonell n e with great condescensio , xtolled the loyalty and courage of h i s countrymen a ex re~ sed ut the Highl nders, and p the most sympathy for the wre tchedness to

o u which so many f them were red ced . “ ” The question of evictions or cleara nces GLENGARRY . 4 5

o ne t . was then g in o, but Mr Addington , while condemning them in general ’ H i s terms, declared that Majesty s Government could not interfere in the a m tter, as landed proprietors had every right to dispose of their estates as they w i n pleased . He listened ith much terest while Father Macdonell ex plained the Can adian emigration scheme which had so l o ng been uppermost in his mind , agreed with the main idea of Colonial settlement as a practical solu re f u tion of the p sent di ficulty , but rged the advisi bil i ty of Trinida din the West Indies as the future country of the dispossessed Highlanders . The island had recently been ceded to Great Britain by Spain , and as an inducement to

M r. o f settle , Addington f ered every colonist eighty acres o f land , stock for s a farm , and the ervices of a physician and schoolmaster for each township or community . - To a less far seeing man , these pro posal s- coming from the first minister of the realm , and supported by much that was obviously advantageous might well have appeared irresistible . But Fath er Macdonell after mature delibera tion respectfully declined to fall in with r such a scheme . The t opical climate of the West Indies was by no mean s 46 T H E FAT E OF

suited to the ha rdy race born and bred ’ “ a motti e s c in Scoti s mi ty clini , and moreover he already had his heart fixed on the distant Glengarry beyond the sea where so many of his race were settled amidst h appy su rroundings and r v b e ed bright p osp c ts. He therefore gr the Premier to obtai n for his people and h lands in Upper Canada , t us secure to British North Ame rica a brave and strenuous people whose toil would eu rich and valour defend the country of

o their ad ption . Such weighty reasons as th ose made n a considerable impression o Mr . Adding ton who promised to give them his

utmost consideration . Father Macdonell also took c are to submit the details o f his emigration scheme to such disting uished officers

s as Sir Archibald Campbell , ometime C01 Governor of New Brunswick , and o ncl o f Stewart, the Black Watch ,

Royal Highlanders . These gentlemen warmly approved of the course he had

. ofl r adopted , and Col Stewart even e ed to take command of the military colonial

expedition , if the plan received the

sanction of the Government . The Addington ministry went out of ffi o ce not long after this, and of course for a time the matte r of the emigration

4 8 T H E FATE OF

gesti ng to Father Macdonell that if must the emigrants go they should, at

least, enter Canada by the United so States, and obtain the extra grant of two hundred acres at that time allotte d to all who quitted the country of th e Stars and S tripes to settle north of the o St . Lawrence In this way , L rd d i n Hobart argue , the end question would be attained ; while the odium of directly assisting the emigration from the Highlands would be taken — ’ - from his Father Macdonel l s shoul th e m ders . But once more deter ined priest had his ready non possumus. The t ado ption of so circui ous a route, he to replied , would lead very heavy addi ti onal — expense, and , moreover, —this surely an argztmentum ad homi nem h e had no desire of seeing th e Highlanders i ndoctrin ated with the radical pri n l H cip es of the Americans . e f urther warned the Ministers that the minds of the mountaineers we re fast becoming t th e embittered agains Government, a d and especi lly the lair s, owing to the m tyranny of the E igration Act, so that a little more opposition from either quarter might turn smouldering discon tent into open disaff ectio n. These objections apparently carried w the day, for bet een the latter part of GLENG ARR Y . 49

“ 803 1804 . 1 and the end of , Mr Mac donell and his follo wers found their way to Upper Canada in the best way ” they could . Still the spirit of oppo sitiou in high quarters was by no means dead , and many were the vexa tious restrictions thrown across h i s path , so that he may be literally said “ ” to have smuggled his friends away . To a generation that has learnt to ” think imperially, such wilful and cal cul ated obstruction in the way of n colonial expansio , seems well nigh a o incredible . But a century g Dame Britannia had room and to spare for all her children , and , like the strict old parent that she was , did not care to “ see them leaving home . The colo nies were generally regarded as no place for respectable people . The popular mind associated them with

Botany Bay and the convicts, with an d overseers and slaves , yellow fever dismal swamps . Such was the idea of “ ” the man in the street, and even publicists seemed not ungrateful to

Mr. President Washington for having relieved th e country of so large a por “ tion of our then unappreciated Greater ” Britain . 50 T H E FATE OF

H C APTER VI .

N ew G l eng arry .

i n NCE arri ved Upper Canada, O Father Macdonell lost no time in presenting his credential s to Lieu t

General Hunter, Governor of the Pro vince , and, in accordance with the “ ” n royal sig manual , obtained the pro mised grant of land for his followers .

Notwithstanding all his exertions, it seemed as if trouble and delay had h im s followed acros the Atlantic , for, i n consequence of some of the High landers not having secured proper title deeds for their properties , he was obliged to undertake a long and ardu ous jour ney to Q uebec to have the d matter a justed . The various legal formalities having been duly fulfilled , the indefatigable priest returned to the ’ i n Mission of St . Raphael s Glengarry, which was to be his headquarters for o - s me twenty fi ve years . Canada at t his period was one vast and tangled forest, the home of innu merabl e game big and small, making up the yet undisturbed h appy hunting ground of a f ew imp eurs and I ndian 1 GLENGARRY . 5

17 91 tribes . By the Canada Act of the me asure that led to such a violent explosion in the House of Commons and the final rupture betwee n Burke and Fox—the colony was divided into two P e each rovinc s, Upper and Lower, G with its own overnor, Legislative

Council , and Representative Assembly . In Upper Canada the newly -established local Government , fired by the pro gressi ve and far-seeing policy of S in e John Simco , the Governor, passed the famous “ Eight Acts ” establishing E nglish law, providing for forest a pairi e n clear nces, p cultivatio , and faci l it tin a g the m of settlers . The wisdom of such a course soon became h apparent. A and of thrifty Germans , under one Berczy, came over from

New York , and about the same time c nobl esse many of the Fren h and gentry , fleeing from the horrors of the R evol u th e tion , arrived in the country under leadership of the Comte de Ch al frs and the Comte de Puisaye, the latter styled “ t by Lamartine an ora or, a diploma ” e ti t, and a soldier . The skill and h h ad address, however, t at shone so conspicuously in European courts and camps utterly failed to command suc es c s in the New World . The colony under his control never really took 52 T H E FAT E OF

root, in spite of the fact that Canada was then largely the France of Louis

I V. i n X , untouched by the levelling fluences and infidel doctrines of Rous

hi loso hes. seau , Voltaire , and the p p The “ more practical though less celebrated colony of Highland soldiers and settlers ” that came out with Father M acdonell was more happy The hardy mountaineers occupied a compact series of hamlets along the

northern bank of the St . Lawrence

near the shores of Lake Ontario . Their presence was most agreeable to the m authorities, who saw in the a further pledge for the safety and well-being of

the country . Though in a sense exiles d from their native lan , they were not entirely cut off from home memories

and associations . They found many of their kith and kin already veteran colonists in the county that bore their

clan name, and now each head of a family as a further link with the gl ans and corries of Scotl and gave to his allotment the name of his former hold - ff ing in the far o Highland home . Ju st as Lo wer Canada was old France

on a miniature scale, so the Upper pro d mised t ) become a second Cale onia . Father Macdonell ’s example was quickly followed by the Earl of Sel R GLENGA RY . 53

kirk , a nobleman whose admiration for the Scottish Gael was that of an en h usi ast i n 1805 t . His Lordship , , per sonal ly conducted a large body of Highlanders to Prince Edward l sl and ; but many of these emigrants with true clannish instinct af terwards struck westwa rd to the extreme corner of t Upper Canada , not far, compara ively “ ” speaking , from the country of the I n 18 11 Macdonells . , Lord Selkirk founded the “ Selkirk Colony on what is now Manitoba . 18 12 an d The War of , still more the Great Peace that followed the Battle o f ' to Waterloo, gave a strong impulse r Scottish emig ation , and thousands of Highlanders came out to join their countrymen both in the Glengarry t dis trict and Nova Sco ia . The Glen t t h ad i n garry Coun y , On ario, 1848 n o w c habitants in , and its p pu lation is reckoned at some Thus the race that was described by the imp l acable enemy of all High landers as “ the very dregs and refuse ” “ ” s of mankind , a set of villain , and th e i ts like, has obtained meed of prosperity in another sphere, and car u i ts ried nimpaired language , dress, and martial prowess to the “ forests of ” the west as an ever-living memorial of its lost heritage . 54 T H E FATE OF

Some account must here be given of those devoted spiritual labours which

Father Macdonell, with the thorough ness th at pervaded all his undertak ings, now entered upon for the benefit - s s of his cc religioni t . At the time of his arrival in Canada there was but One bishop in the whole u country, viz . , at Q ebec , which had been erected into a See as far b ack as 167 4 by the joint action of Pope

a . Clement X . nd the Grand Monarque th e The Catholic religion , owing to labours of the J esuits among the and Hurons, Algonkins, other Indian as a tribes, well as the slow but ste dy a influx of French settlers, had t ken firm root in the Lower Province ; but in Upper Canada things were far dif r t f e en . The churches numbered three and the clergy two, one of whom, a w Frenchman , could not speak a ord of E nglish , to say nothing of Gaelic . ’ Father Macdonell s labours produced before his death some marvellous results . By 18 39 the Catholic churches had risen - to forty eight and the clergy to forty, but the process of this expansion was only achieved at the inevitable price of toil - and self sacrifice. He had to travel hundreds of miles i n all kinds of wea ther visiting his scattered flock i n

56 T H E FATE OF

that of the eccl esia docens. As a matter of

fact, the subject of this memoir was wont to say that e very gentlem an of his name u sho ld be either a priest or a soldier, h as and certainly, as been remarked , the British army lost a S plendid officer when Alexander M acdonell elected to h ur h study for the C c at Valladolid . D uring the space of less than a ce ntury — (17 58 18 40) no fewer than eighty-five of his kith and kin held the King’s commission in one or other of the Highland regiments w h ose prowess h as e xtended and consolidated in every quarter of the globe Britain ’s imperial sway !

Even his own life , dedicated as it

5. was to warfare of another kind , was destined to be associated throughout its f long course with the af airs of the camp .

D uring his interview with Mr . Adding i t d ton , will be remembere , Father Macdonell pointed out the dangerous contingencies likely to arise from the illiberal conduct of the Government and the despotic action of certain highland proprietors in the matter of

emigration . The war bet ween the United States and the mother country

Fo r n ames of some of the M acdonell offi e s see c r Appendix B. GLENGAR R Y . 57 of 18 12-14 n w w proved this surmise to be only too true . The ranks of the enemy were fi lled with Highlanders who h ad l ef t home under the rankling O influence of ppression , just as the guns of the American battleships were largely manned by Briti sh seamen driven to s desertion by the avage discipline , poor a pay, and gener lly wretched conditions “ ’ of service then existing in th e King s N ” a vee . The contest as everyone knows arose from our claims to search Ameri can vessels for these deserters, as well as the f riction caused across the Atlantic — by the famous Orders in Council Eng land ’s reply to the French E mperor’s

Milan decrees . The war, which was e n 18th declared by Congr ss on Ju e , 1812 h , is noticed at some length ere from the fact th at a large part of the struggle was fought out on Canadian a soil and Canadian w ters . The first aggressive move made by the Americans took pl ace in July when B rigadier Michré an General Hull , Governor of g , ( crossed the Detroit River with 2500 men , and raided Upper Canada . Among the troops raised for the defence of the coun try and the prosecution of the war w was the Highland Militia, better kno n as the Gle ngarry Light Infantry Fen

m n . cible Regi e t This body of troops, 58 T H E FATE OF

17 94 like the Fencible Corps of , owed its existence to the patriotism and public spirit of Father Macdonell assis

a . ted by Captain , afterw rds Col George e m Macdonell , late of the Royal R gi ent

of New York . The Macdonells took part in no fewer than fourteen general and o n engagements , all occasions where

fighting was to be done , the chaplain Mai hster Al astair as g , the Highlanders — called h i m was at hand to see that it w a was well done . In this y he was under fire with his clansmen at the

taking of Ogdensburg , the attack on

Fort Covington , and the battle of York . One of the fiercest engagements i n the whole war took place on October 13 18 12 , , when the Americans under General Van R enssel er crossed the

Niagara and attacked Queenston . th e B s r General Brock , riti h commande , fell shortly after the commencement of

the engagement, and he was quickly

followed by the gallant Col . John Mac donell who was mortally wounded by a musket ball when in th e act of calling upon the Glengarry Highlande rs to

charge the enemy with the bayonet . His men presssd forward up a steep and n rocky hill , and by dint of sheer fighti g compelled the Americans to abandon a strong position defended by several R G LENGA RY. 59

guns . Col . Macdonell , who in civil life held the position of Attorney-General as of the Province, met his death became a Highland gentleman of ancient and martial lineage, and both he and Gen ‘ eral Brock were interred in one grave . A desultory warfare occupied the whole of the winter, the contest now assuming the character of a sharp skir h and N ew mis , as at Lacolle Brunswick , and now a mere affair of posts along the frontier . In May the Glengarry militia took part in the defeat of the Americans at Mi s was ami . The Peninsula war rapidly coming to a conclusion among the rocks and ravines of the Pyrenees, and the relaxation of the great European struggle n ow enabled the home auth ori ties to put sixteen thousand veterans of and Talavera, Salamanca Badajos at the ’ l revost disposal of Sir George , Com th e e mander of Forc s in Canada . P w o erful as this reinforcement was, it came by no means too soon . The Americans had an unlimited supply of tr00ps and munitions practically at the very base of operations, and since the

Col . John Macdonell w as born at Green G a o a 19 1 85 field , leng rry , Sc tl nd , April th , 7 , and was theref ore but twenty -seven at the w a to B time of h i s death . He as c lled the ar of Upper Can ad a in Easter term 1808 . 6 0 T H E FATE OF defeat of the British fleet by Commo

P . l oth dore erry on Lake Erie (Sept , their i ncursions into Canada amounted to a serious invasion . It is impossible i n a general narrative such as the present to do anything like justice to the history of this unhappy w ar or aff ord many details of the brilliant services rendered by the Macdonells . Their stubborn determination retrieved the day i n the fierce encounter at n Chateauguay (Oct . and more tha likely saved Montreal In the terrible ’ battle of Lundy s Lane or Bridgewater, 25 18 14 July , , they formed the right wing of the Briti sh army under Gene ral R iall . For five hours nought was heard but the reverberating echoes of artillery and musketry, broken ever and anon by the low distant echoes of the ' Niagara Falls . The efiorts of the Americans were chiefly directed against the left and centre , and so determined were their repeated attacks, that in several instances they all but captured f the British guns . Their ef orts to carry the hill held by the Royal Scots and - a ai cessf ul 8th Regiment were equally ns , and shortly after midnight they were in ful l retreat for Ch ippewafii The British losses were estimated at eight hundred fif t - w and y eight, the American at up ards GLENGARRY .

n of fifteen hundred . The Gle garry Regiment computed its total casualties - at fifty seven .

Happily for mutual interests , the Congress of Ghent shortly afterwards put an end to a struggle which racially if not politically almost amounted to a civil war . The only lesson of any value arising from the ex l i enditure of so much blood and treasure was the incont rovertible fact that Canada had no sympathy whatever with the neigh bouri ng republic ; while the active part played by Bri tish North America in its own defence gave the colonists that feelin g of self-reliance and solidarity which forms the essential quality of a truly great people . 6 2 T HE FATE OF

CHAPTER VII .

Last Years . H E T war having come to an end , Father Macdonell took the oppor~ tuni ty to visit England and give an accoun t of his stewardship to the ffi authorities of the Colonial O ce . He 18 16 arrived in London early in , and w aited upon Mr . Addington , now Lord “ Sidmouth , who received him most kindly and introduced him to Lord ” n . Bathurst, the Colonial Secretary Lord Bathurst expressed the liveliest satisf actson at the prosperous condition of the Glengarry colony and the loyal conduct of the settlers during the late

war . He presented Father Macdonell to the Prince Regent— four years later —at George IV . the next levee, and , as

a mark of his esteem , authorised the worthy priest “ to appoint three clergy men and four schoolmasters to his flock “ at a salary of £ 100 a year

each . 1806 n As early as , Monsig or Plessis ,

eleventh Bishop of Quebec , was desir ous of dividing his immense diocese ;

but, owing to the disturbed state of

64 T HE FAT E OF

’ a in the parish Church of St . R phael s , so long the scene of his strenuous and devoted l abours . A large concourse composed of the leading Catholic and Protestant gentlemen of the district attended the High Mass and liste ned with close attention to the eloquent

Gaelic sermon , in which his Lordship recounted the spiritual and temporal history of the Province since his first landing in the country in 1804 and the favours which Providence had ever vouchsafed to his undertakings . In all his efforts for the temporal welfare of the land of his adoption Bishop Macdonel l ever had at heart the interests of the whole community without distinction of religion , and in a public paper written by him in 183 6 gratefully acknowledged the kindly co operation of all classes and creeds of - his fellow citizens . He pointed with “ evident pleasu re to the strong bond of friendship ” existing between the Catholic and Protestant sections of the Scots Highlanders as one of the hap piest auguries for the future union and l prosperity of the co ony . His public services were rewarded with a seat in the Legislative Council the Senate of the old Can adi an Government—where his great business 6 GLENGARRY. 5 capacity and genius for organisation r made his influence almost pa amount . I as t is, however, an enthusiastic High lander th at his n ame will probably d be longest remembere , and the race w d hose blood, language and i eals were his, was ever the object of his never u failing solicit de . In conjunction with Ma i ll ivra —a the Hon . William cG y near kinsman of the immortal John M o re MacGi ll ivra y, who with the remnant of the Clan Chatten nearly annihilated ’ ’ Burrell s and Monroe s regiments at — Culloden h e founded in 18 18 the a w Highland Society of Canad , hich for nearly ninety ye ars has fostered the efforts and assuaged the sorrows of his countrymen in the land united to Caledonia by so many ties of race ff n and a ectio . ’ Lord Bathurst s grant of salaries , r already refer ed to, was not ratified by the Canadian authorities, and in spite of his memorials on the subject, the a Bishop could obt in no redress , and was therefore compelled to pay the parties concerned out of his own privy purse . ’ Dr . Macdonell s known attachment to the Throne and his horror of anythin g that savoured of radicalism was no doubt the cause of this species of per secuti on which was chiefly set on foot E 6 6 T H E FATE OF by the infl uential leaders of a party wh ose inflammato ry writings and speeches laid the train that fired the H o w abortive insurrection of 18 37 . w ever, to sho their thorough appreciation of o ne who had liter ally spent his years in serving the community , the Canadian government in 18 26 settled upon the an n £400 Bishop a nual pension of , and shortly afterwards granted a furthe r sum of £7 50 for the education of

candidates for Holy Orders . These allowa nces which were subsequently increased to a considerable amount, were regularly paid till the suppression of the ecclesiastical budget by William “ Lyon M acK enz ie and his radical ” s a sociates . The Papineau rebellion of 18 3 7 again aff orded the Glengarry Highlanders an opportunity of displaying their attach

ment to the cause of loyalty . The seething discontent of the Lower Pro vince over such local grievances as the

constitution of the Legislative Council , s the clergy re erve lands , and other sore

subjects , showed but too clearly that the scepe and usefulness of the Canada 17 91 Act of had passed away . In 183 7 November, , Joseph Papineau and “ William M acK enz ie inaugurated the ” t War of Independence at Toron o , and GLENGARRY . 7

a pitched battl e with the royalists under ir W il l iam McN ab S ensued , ending in

the total di scomfiture of the insurgents . Then followed the mission of the demo cratic Lord Durham to Canada— the “ ” issue of the famou s Report that swept away at a stroke acknowledged

abuses , and united the entire country u nder the one government, which has since been that of a contented and

prosperous people . - During the short lived , but on the a whole, salut ry insurrection , no fewer than four regiments of Glengarry High landers were raised in the eastern part

of Upper Canada alone , exclusive of other fencible and volunteer associ a

tions . These met and signally defeated a determined incursion of United States fil ibusters adventurers and , who, despite ’ President Van Buren s declaration of s neutrality, cros ed the St . Lawrence with the intention of join ing the mal contents . At the time of the Canadian rebellion — the last link te rritorially speaking that bound the Glengarry Highlanders to their native land had been severed . d The old laird , Colonel Mac onell , was n no more , havi g played to the end his “ part of last of the chiefs -keeping I open house at nvergarry castle , astonish 68 T HE FATE OF

I ing George V. at Holyrood with the state and splendours of a highland ’45 potentate as they were before the , squandering his substance on the feudal and patriarchal extravagances of “ the ” good old times . He perished in the wreck of the steamship S tirli ng Castl e 14th 18 28 on January , , while on his way to London to make some settlement with regard to his encumbered estates . —a c By this calamity, his son lad s arcely out of Eton—was left to make the best h e shift could , and it is not surprising th a t after some ye ars of striving to a n retrieve the irretriev ble , the you g ’ a — a a l ird sadly for old ssociations s ke , but wisely for himself and dependants should have resolved on quitting his native shores . The ancestral acres we re disposed of to the Marquis of

s and ‘Vaverl e When Fergu y met , the l atter w as struck with the p eculiar grace ’ d e an dignity of the chieftain s figure . Abov e s z and o o the middl i e finely pr p rtioned , the highland dress which he wore in i ts simplest mode set 03 h i s person to g reat advantage he h ad no weapon s save a dirk very

o s . H i s a e as richly m unted with ilver p g , a sa ar h i s a r and we h ve id , c ried cl ymo e , the fowling -p iece which he held in h i s h and ” — ’ seemed only designed f o r sport . D escmp Fer us 111a c 1vor Ill ti o n. of g ( acdon ell of W r n arr ave l e ch a 18 . Gl e g y) . y, p . R R 6 GLENGA Y . 9

Gl en arr Huntley, and Macdonell of g y , s the coheir of a hundred chief , was landless in the very home of his fathers ! In or about 1840 he emigrated to Australia with h i s family and immediate d a a r epend nts , leaving Scotl nd the poore “ by one historic name . We cannot regard this expatriation of the head of an old highland family, with its clan associations , its pipe music and its feudal recollections from the battle of I n verl och d d y ownwar s, without some ” regret and emotion , remarked a con temporary journal , and there are few we think who will not join in this brief but happily expressed sentiment of sorrow . The young chief whose sad lot it was to witness the ruin of his house , was born 1808 i n 1833 in , and married , seven years before the final exodus . He died 1851 d prematurely in or, accor ing to ” 1852 The Eton School List, in , wh o leaving two sons, Alexander died ! 1862 r in New ealand in , and Cha les in 1868.

The race of Glengarry is, however, not n i ts exti ct in main branch , the family and name being repre sented by Aeneas

R an al d a . 2 M cdonell, Esq , l st chief a descendant of Donald M acdon ell of

s a . n Scotus, l in at Culloden The I ver 7 0 T H E FATE OF garry proper ty was disposed of by the a Marquis of Huntley to Lord W rd , who

ar . in turn sold it to Edw d Ellice , Esq , for several years member of Parlia

ment for the St . Andrews Burghs . A mansion in the well-known Scottish i n 18 69 style , erected , is the modern representative of the castle where , the da e y after Culloden , Prince Charl s a o slept one night on the b re fl or, and which not many hours later w as re duced to a picturesque ruin by Cnmb er~ ’ n a la d s avenging fl me . Such in brief is the l ast chapter of a

melancholy history, though it is plea s ant to be able to relate that a glimpse a s of the old st te of things, at their be t , i n 183 7 -8 was afforded Canada , in , n when Colonel Du can Macdonell, of r a a at G eenfield , ppe red the head of such a muster of the cl an as certainly n n one of his kinsmen , the Gle garries, had commanded either in 17 15 or a n 17 45. M jor Ge eral Sir J ames Mac P donell , a distinguished enin ' W a f r sula and terloo o ficer , and b other “ ” a of Alexander the l st of the Chiefs , who was in Canada at this time in d command of the Briga e of Guards , had thus the satisfaction of seeing his family an d name resuming in their new home a portion of the state that

7 2 T H E FATE OF

d fact that Dr . Mac onell was now in his seventy-sixth year ! The projected college was the famous R e io ol i s seminary of g p (Kingston), which, after a career of usefulness ex was tending over thirty years , closed in 1869 in favour of other and larger foundations Before the opening of the College of R egi opol is a small build ‘ ’ ing at St . Raphael s served as the A l ma df ato r of i n tending candidates for the priesthood , who were prepared for their high calling under the di rec R ev MacD on al d tion of the . W . P . , a protégé of the illustrious Bishop Hay and al umnus of Douai and the Scots

College at Valladolid . No sooner was the intended depar ture of Bishop Macdonell generally known , than the Celtic Society of Upper Canada resolved to show its appreciation of the high character and public services of the distinguished prelate by entertaining him at a state un l banquet . The f ction took p ace on M a 29 the evening of Wednesday, y , 18 39 , at the Town Hall of Kingston , and was attended by a large number of personages eminent for their civil or military rank , such as Sir George - Arthur, Lieutenant Governor of Upper f Canada, the Sherif of the district, A G LENG RRY. 7 3

Colonel Dundas, Commander of the

Garrison , Colonel Cubitt of the Artil ac lery, etc . Bishop Macdonell was

m . co panied by his Coadjutor , Dr a G ulin , as well as the immediate members of his clan - Colonel Duncan

Macdonell , of Glengarry, Member of the Provincial Parliament, and the before -mentioned Maj o r -General Sir “ James Macdonell , the hero ” H n m nt s of gou o . During the cour e of the eloquent speech which he de n livered on this memorable occasio ,

Bishop Macdonell , after eulogising the loyalty of the Celtic race in Canada to th e Empire and the Bri tish Consti tu ex a tion , then went on to draw no g gerated picture of the Gaelic influence t on the opography of the world . I cannot sit down without oh ” serving with pleasure and delight , “ remarked his Lordship, that the d a escendants of our ncestors, the Celts , have never yet tarnished the glory and renown of their forefathers, of which we ought to be so proud . Monuments of their power and of the extent of their empire still exist in every part P of Europe . In the Basque rovinces G ui uscoa of Biscay, p , Asturias, and

a . N varre ; in Brittany Wales, Ireland , and the Highlands of Scotland the 74 T H E FATE OF

Celtic language is still spoken , and

there is not a mountain , a river, a

strait, or an arm of the sea between e the Mediterran an , the Black Sea, and a the Atl ntic, but is Celtic . This, with the certainty that nineteen out of every twenty words in the Latin n r fi La guage are pu e Celtic , is suf cient proof that th e C eltic Empire extended from the pillars o f Hercules to Arch ” angel . It need scarcely be added that such a review of the ubiquity and antiquity of the Gael was rapturously applauded by an assembly where every third im guest was a Highlander, deeply bued wi th that love of ancestral tradi tion and prestige which is so noticeable a trait of the Cel tic race in all p arts of the world . h a His Lords ip, ccompanied by his n r ephew, the Ve y Rev . Angus Mac

donell and Dr. Rolph of Ancaster, his r a friend and medical advise , l nded at

Liverpool on Aug . In addi tion to his labours on behalf of the a projected college, the Bishop had lso definite plans i n vie w for promoting emigration both from Scotland and Ire

R r Briti sh Wh i s epo t in g , of King ton, 183 June 9. R R G LENGA Y . 7 5

a l nd to the l and of his adoption . His first busin ess in thi s direction was a series of in terviews with the auth o ri of th e n a f h i s ties Colo i l O fice, and Lordship was doubtless glad to find that since the memorable year 1803-4 much h ad been done to facilitate i m perial expansion in its most utilitarian sense . Parochi al boards by a recent statute were now empowered to assist in certain CtJ S eS those who had resolved — to better themselves by emigration a great and wondrous change from the a O days when pathy, and even pposi t tion , was the characteristic no e of governing bodies on this vitally im a port nt question . The ofli ci al work in London con d d a clu e , Dr . Macdonell visited, fter a a - th e an bsence lmost of a life time , n e old Gle garry country, d ep in the m ountains of Inverness. We have h t lig ted upon no de ails of the visit, but it is safe to say that the changes th ro rrgh emigration and other social rki ngs which had come across the l and of heather and hill must have made this return to th e familiar scenes of the past a fruitful occasion of sad o ns rec llectio . After his visit to the d d h Highlan s in October, his Lor s ip crossed over to Ireland for the purpose 7 6 T H E FATE OF

th e of conferring with Hierarchy , then a ssembled at Cork , on the subject of th e religious interests of the Irish in a C nada . 18 26 As far back as , Dr. Macdonell h ad begun to feel the weight of years, “ m ade yet still heavier by the the care ” of all the churches, and , therefore , applied to Rome for a Coadjutor cum n h n a j am successionis. O e ad bee gr nted e h him in the p rson of th e Rev . T omas — Weld son of the Squire of Lulworth , — beloved of George III . but although consecrated Bishop of Amycl a i n parti bus h i s , and eager to proceed to new h d sphere of labour, ill healt ren ered s the post impossible , and Bi ho p Weld ’ a h a retired to Rome and a Card in l s t. — — Another prelate Dr. Gaulin was th e a o k found for Canadi n w r , though Bi shop Macdonell app arently continued

to enjoy the best of health and strength . It now chanced that after leaving Cork

and travelling in the west of Ireland , “ his Lordship was on one occasion ex posed for a whole day i n an open jaunting car to a cold and drizzling ” a rain . Infl mmation of the lungs and n w as cough superve ed, so that he glad “ to place himself under the c are of P e the kind r sident of Carlow College , and after wards with the S ociety of R GLENGA RY. 7 7

” l on o wes d Jesus at C g Woo . He was d i n afterwar s indisposed D ublin , but so far recovered as to be able to accept the invitation of the E arl of Gosford and spend a few days with his Lordship a a at Gosford C stle, ne r Market Hill . While with that esteemed nobleman — - who h ad been Governor General of — Canada from 183 5to 1838 h e seemed to have recovered so entirely as to be j ustified in leaving for London “ to urge his views on the Government and ” P n arliame t . 11 1840 On January , , he arrived at a Dumfries, and next morning said M ss a t the Catholic Church . He spent the e a 13 d rly part of the th with his frien , a 66th Capt in Gordon of the Regiment , “ and th e evening in cheerful conversa ” tion with a few friends . About four the next morning he awoke his valet “ and requ ested him to light the fire as ” he felt a chill . The servant, seeing “ w as u that something wrong , called p ” d h ad the Rev . Mr. Rei , who just time to hear the confe ssion of the dying a E Bishop, dminister the xtreme Unction and last blessing before his Lordsh ip “ expired as if he had fallen into a ” e d ep sleep .

The Right Rev . Bishop Gillis, Vicar 7 8 T H E FATE OF

Apostolic of the E as tern District of

Scotland, caused the remains to be

conveyed to Edinburgh , where the requiem Mass and the funeral ob sequi es were performed with extra ordinary pomp i n the Church of

St. Mary, Broughton Street, since 187 8 the metropolitan Catholic Cathe f n dral . The co fi was afterwards de a f posited beneath the ch pel o St . ’ Margaret s Convent, in the same city, 1861 where it remained till , when

Bishop Horan , of Kingston , had the body of his distinguished predece ssor

removed to Canada . A monument with suitable i nscrip tion was set up to his memory in s l 1843 King ton Cathedra , in , by the anada re Highland Society of C . The cording lines breathe the affectionate gratitude of his countrymen, of every urrf ei ned creed and class, and their g admiration for his self - sacrifici ng labours on behalf of so m any of ’ Scotland s devoted sons . Though the motherland of the M acdorrell s knows n the race know more, she can ot be

said to be bereft of these , her children . Amidst the happier s urroundings of

the New Glengarry they flourish , with

all their best traditions unimpaired ,

APPE NDIX A .

Th e French R oy al S c ots.

' T H I S at whi ch l ike celebr ed body of troops , , th e is i d s s Ir h Br ga e, compri ed everal regi t s i G a men s , trace its orig n to the Scotch u rd h . a . T e of Charles VI and VII . of Fr nce a 1445 l tter reorganized the Garde in , after — which it consisted of two troops th e Gen darmes E cossai s and th e Garde da Corp s 16 1 th e c r da R oi . In 7 S ots Gua d is said s to have been only Scotti h in name , but f I ’ 1 a e I . s a a 688 t r James bdic tion in , a host of highland and lowland Jacobites restored l Th l s its nationa character . e rebel ion of 1 15 17 45 its 7 and continued to swell ranks , and m 17 48 the R oyal Scots comprised Le ’ R eg{ment d Ogi l vi e and Le R egi ment ’ Th e n th e h d A l bani e. raisi g of ighland regiments in 17 57 an d the disruption of the 17 60 Jacobite party about , reduced the E cossa is R oyal to a mere shadow of a t shade, though the regimen nominally formed part of the French army down to its a suppression by the Nation l Assembly , h u 25t 17 1 . s J ne , 9 At the re toration of th e s 18 14 X Bourbon , , Louis VIII . was particul arly requested by th e E nglish Gov ernment to raise no more British regiments r a for the French se vice , so that project for ' reviving the Irish Brigade and the E cossazs R oyal whi ch that King is said to have tai was enter ned , abandoned . Th e predominant uniform of the historic 8 1 APPENDIX .

s regiment was white laced with ilver, and - Th R horse tra pings of red . e oyal Scots entered t e choir with the King and prin ces s an d of the blood at Ma s Vespers , and guarded th e keys of the town wherever His Th e -in Majesty might be staying . Colonel a e th e ro al at chief c rri d robes coronations, a 0 h and at the de th the monarch , watc ed , with three ot—her nobles , the royal corpse before burial an office last perf ormed by ’ th e D u d Azen Ca i tai n e des E cossai s ke , p , h 1 4. at t e decease of Louis XV. in 7 7 2 X 8 APPENDI .

APPE ND IX B .

S ome M ac do nel l Officers .

l h arr . 1 . John Macdonel (Loc g y) Served R al an d af e in the French oy Scots , t r ’ a ih the 7 8th e wards as C ptain , or Fras r s Highlanders with General Wolfe at H ad “ th e Q uebec . been out in

Charles Mac donell of Glengarry . Capt . th i ll ca 7 8 Highlan ders . K ed at the p

n d an . . J ture of St ohns, Newfou l d h v n Jo n Macdonell . S er ed u der Prince ’

a h i . Ch rles in t e 45. Subsequently L eut 7 8th a s Highl nder , and as Colonel went through the American l Var (17 7 5 ’

4 . . a . s R Alex M cdonell . Capt King oyal

R . 17 7 6 . egt of New York , Had been ’ A . D . C . to Prince Charles in the 45.

a o h o . John M cdonell of S c t use Capt . “ R . R . K . egt New York , and a hero of the 2n . d R 6 . Chichester Macdonell Col . 8 egt .

G al n 180 . old Med for Coru na, 9 Died

in India.

7 . S ir James Macdonell , Brother of the “ ” - a . . G L st of the Chiefs Lieut eneral , - etc . Lt. . am Col , Coldstre

G d W t . 7 9th uar s at a erloo . Col High 1 42. 1 8 85 . landers , Died 7 INDEX .

P AGE ee s e o 20 Aberd n hir , Cath licity in Acadia 8

o . Lo r d 44 62 Addingt n , Mr ( d Si mouth ) , Agrarian Changes in the High

a s 21 et se . l nd , q “ ” Th e G a G of 2 Albyn , re t len 54 Algonkin Indians . Anach arsi s Cl oo tz 28 G o Arthur, Sir e rge 7 r s o rs d A m t n Memoi , quote us s e at Aug tu , Fort , M eting s a a u G a Au tr li , Yo ng leng rry emi grates to

e o 1 l assim Bad n ch 9, c p Ban try Ba Hoche at 39 a rs 62 B thu t , rd Beroz a Ge 51 y, rman Emigrant Bo urbl ach at 1 , Secret School 7 G ra 58 Brock , ene l Bri ti sh Wh i n ews a 4 g, p I 7 Burke and the Frenoh Rgvol uti on 27 ’ Burrell s R egiment at Cul loden ’ Butler s R angers 13

a a a C mpbell, C pt in bel l Camp , Sir Archibal d

a o s . C mer n , Bi hop

a o . C mer n , Dr betrayed . a a a a o of C n d , Emigr ti n High

landers to cl seq . 8 4 INDEX .

PAGE a a a a 1804 50 C n d , St te of, in R ebellion in 66

a e ans 58 cl se . Inv ded by Am ric , q “ ” Canada Act (1791) 51 a s o a at 6 C rlow College, Bi h p M cdonell 7 a Gu o s 13 C rlton , Sir y (L rd Dorche ter) ” a a a ers Th e 11 et assim C rolin Highl nd , , p

as G a . 12 C well , ener l as r a or 63 C tle e gh , L d 3 Celtic Empire , Extent of 7 Ch al fis e a a a 51 , Comt de , m C n d a Lo r s atri o t 38 Ch rlemont , d , Iri h

a s ard a P . 5 11 20 0 Ch rle Edw Stu rt, rince , , , 7 Ch attan a at 65 , Cl n Culloden Cl anranal d a a s 4 9 M cdon ld 3 . , 7 , a o of 13 note Cl ym re , Efficiency ( )

X . 4 Clement , Pope 5 XI V 18 Clement . 5 r s at 1 3 Clifton , Ski mi h ( 74 ) Cl o ngo w es Wood College 7 7 Coleridge and the Fre nch R evolution 27 Con ress A merican and a 13 g , , the Highl nders sa ar a 63 Con lvi , C din l

o o R . . 36 C pley , Sin let n ( A ) o a a 58 Covingt n , ort , tt cked Cornet Castle (Jersey) 37 2 5 Culloden . 6 a W a 4 16 32 Cumberl nd , illi m , Duke of , ,

D . e R a to 1 45 D rby , id ( 7 ) Douai College es is a o l es Dumfri , B hop M cd ne l di at a War as . e re a t Dund , Mr (S c t ry )

as . Dund , Col a o ana a Durh m , L rd , in C d a s s n Dwyer, Mich el, Iri h In urge t

E .

E r d s a r a dwa I l nd , P ince Edw rd 8 INDEX . 5

P AGE Ecossais R oyal (French R o yal Scots) App endix A “ 51 E ight Acts (Canadian) . E s a es 0 . s G e a 7 Ellice , M P Mr , buy l ng rry t t E l ibank Plot 5

a o la 9 45 cl se . Emigr ti n , High nd , , q ” “ Emi ration Act 22 a a 60 Erie , ttle of L ke

a a of F lkirk , B ttle

s G ar 3 1 cl se . Fencible , leng ry , q us Mac vo 34 68 note Ferg I r , ( ) 30 r u a s M r . . Fletche of D n n , oo s a o 38 Fl d , Henry (Iri h P tri t) Flora MacI vor 3

R e o 25 et se . French voluti n , q A R o a s Th e . 4 and A e ndrx French y l Scot , , pp

G .

Ga s o . ulin , Bi h p G a eorge III . C tholic Highland Peti ti on to 30 do s l ands to a s . 4 George III . grant M c nell 7

George IV . receives Bisho Macdonell 62 at s 6 George IV . Holyrood ou e 8 G ress at 61 hent , Cong G s s 7 -8 illi , Bi hop , of Edinburgh 7 G as h l anders at 4 25 43 l gow , Hi , ,

G a a a . a o al 8 len l d le , r M cd n d of G ar a 2 4 68 et assi m leng ry (Scotl nd) , , , p ' a a a 5 ct s (C n d ) 3 , p a szm a oh n M cdonell J , Chief of 3 s 2 cl assi m Fencible 7 , p Light In f an tr 57 “ ” ' G e ri ests at 21 lenliv t , College of “ ” G r s s ne Th e 36 lo iou Fir t of Ju , Go r o Th e k s 21 d n , Du e of

Gor a a 66th R e . don , C pt in ( t ) 7 7 Gos o E a of and ig e f rd , rl , d don ll 77 86 INDEX .

Grant of Corrim ony G rattan (Irish Patriot) Green The G as R , ( l gow) , eview on

G . a o reenfield , Col M cd nell of

H . a G H wley , eneral H a s 18 et assim y , Bi hop , p Highlanders in Ameri c an A rmy 57 a a R Th e I3 Highl nd Emigr nt egiment , h l and a a a Th e 65 72 78 Hi Society of C n d , , , H oi art o 47 , L rd o an s o f s o 7 8 H r , Bi hop , King t n Hourn Lo ch 2 G a 5 Hull, ener l 7 a s an d G a Huntley , M rqui of, leng rry E states H uron Indians

1. Inver garry Castle burnt (1746) I nverioch a of y , B ttle Ireland in 1798 Irish R ebel lion

J . Jac obin Clubs in E ngl an 28 a M r a bassa o 10 J y, John , Americ n Am d r Jersey attacked 36 Highlanders in 37 s s S u ess o of 18 Je uit , pr i n in anada 54 o so S i r 10 1 J hn n , John , 3 , 14 Wm Sir . 9 ’ Joh nson s Hall 14 o so Ge e al 1 98 J hn n , n r ( 7 ) 40

K. s u a o al 11 King b rgh , M cd n d of , 12 s on anada 2 63 1 2 King t (C ) , , 7 , 7 Knoydart 6

88 INDEX .

P AOR

a o e R . R ev t . e M cd n ll, Al x . Nominated Bishop of R esina Celebrates Sacer dotal Jubilee Member of Legis laturo

Asked to Visit Gt. B ritain Banquet to Arrives at Live 1 At the Colonial 0 cc Vi sits Scotland In Irelan d Death Funeral R emain s brought to Can ada 78 Monument to 78 Macdonell of Col l ac hi e A l 9 of berca der . . s and A emi ix Officer 56, pp B a 1 3 Col . Dunc n 7 , 7 G 58 Col . eorge B 0 s K C . 7 3 Sir Jame , . . , 7 J 58 5 . 9 Col ohn . Macdonells o f Glengarry at Clifto n 3 At Falkirk G as 25 4 ci se In l gow , 3 , q . In Jerse In Can a a nell a and a es M cdo , Alex nder Ch rl as o s Aene , of Sc tu Macdonald of Kingsbu rgh Flora s o a Bi h p , Hugh (Vic r Ap osto lic s of Bi hop , Hugh ( Abe rdeen ) R ev . Wm. 8 INDEX . 9

Macd onald s of Keppoch n at o Joh , Cull den MacGil l ivra Hon . Wm . M acK enz i e {Vil l iam ana , Lyon (C di an R epublican) a a e M cleod , M jor , kill d M N b ac a . a s n , Sir Wm , defe t Ca a dian Insurgents M acPh erson 1 , S r John M ’ ar a s o . E d ret C nvent , St ( in urgh) a s a Mi mi , B ttle of . M r R e Mitford , . , and eli f Act M ohawk R iver State r s a o Moira , Lo d , Iri h P tri t G n ra Moore , e e l

Moore , Sir John ’ oo s s at M re Creek , Skirmi h Morar Loc h

a o a ss and N ti n l A embly , French , E cossai s R oyal App endix A N G r a a a 50 8 ew lenga ry (C n d ) , 7 ! N ew a a e . e e l nd , Al x Macdon ll of Glen ry dies in mmond No 1 r. D ru e r ie , , quot d “ ” and North , Lord , Q uebec Act

0. Ofii cers of Glengarry Fencibles O densburgh cap tured rders in Council s a a Ori k ny , B ttle of

P . ’ a a s R ell 183 66 et se . P pine u eb ion ( 7) , q a s o s 17 P ri , Sc t College at o dore a s s Perry , C mmo , defe t Briti h squadron 0 9 INDEX .

Pi ch egru “ ” e S see a Aas a Pickl the py , M cdonell , l t ir e s a Pi r on , M jor, killed ess s s i s Pl i , Mon ignor, B hopof Quebec o e s R ev P rt u , . Dr . P ress Th e s , (new paper) . Preston s G a i S r eo . Prevo t , ener l G sa o e a a Pui e , C mt de , Can di n migran t

Q uebec Bisho ric “ ’ Quebec Act (1774) Q ueensto n attacked Ba Confian s e ea edat Q uiberon y , d f t n Ba Q ui te , y of

R .

s m R ae s . a a a 50 ct as i aph l , St (C n d ) , p ' R a li fie o tc C l . 3rd a , ( E rl of Der W entwater) R eading (Penn syl vania) R e e Th e r ce and R t. R ev. g nt , P in , o A . Macd nell R e i O ol i s e $3 g p , Colleg of R e R ev. a id , F ther 7 7

R l s a 21 et se . e ief Act , C tholic , q R ial l Ge ra 60 , ne l

R o . 4 lph , Dr 7 R e co s 18 om , S t College m R oyal R egiment o f New York 13 R o a co s 2l st R 60 y l S t ( egiment) .

R 0 al s re . 4 and A ndi x A Scot , the F nch , pp e R u l ec our Ba o de s ers 36 , r n , attack J ey

S .

. e e Col . 14 St L g r, ss m . a e R r 48 et a i St L wr nce ive , p

9 2 INDEX .

PAGE a s s o s 1 18 note Vic r Apo t lic, Scotti h 7 , ( ) Volunteers enrolled 28 o e s ri s 1 82 38 V lunt er , I h ( 7 )

W .

a r and G a s a s W rd , Lo d , leng rry E t te a a Weld , C rdin l Wordsworth and French Revoluti on ” “ Waverley quoted

Y .

or a at a a a Y k , B ttle (C n d )

ar a . York , C din l Duke of ars a York , Field M h l the Duke of

TH E E N D .

Printed by W a J ames Dnfi Ltd . 15 el l i n on u Dubl in . y Co , gt Q y , B Y TH E S AM E A UTH OR

LIFE OF

Hen ry Benedict S tuart

CAR DINAL D UKE O F YO R K .

n o s f t S ome ! p i i n o he p ress.

’ is . s r Mr Kelly book full of inte est . ” s an d -Gl as ow He h as read wi ely widely . g

H er al d a l 6th 1899 . , M rch ,

Th e somewhat mea re and unromantic events o f Cardinal York s life will be found to be ut o a e as p t gether here in v—ry fair as a s a ann . S cotsman well p in t king m er ,

a 9th 1899. M rch ,

s oo i Thi b k s a noteworthy character .

S o f ar as can see . h as we , Mr Kelly not said m ore abo ut Cardinal York than a ts a a and ea and f c w rr nt , we think the r ding thinking public are much obliged to him . ” f — r or having written such a memoir . S ti l i ng J ournal and A dver ti s r 14th 1 . e , April , 899

. . WA a a . R T S HBOUR NE M ss s , 1 w 4 a os R o E . P tern ter , London , . C , AX! )

E S S R S . U 8: Co . Dru M JAMES D FFY , ,

15 W . ellington Quay, Dublin TH E

C onq uero r oi C ul l oden

BE ING TH E LIFE AND TIME S

wi l l i am “119115105,

E uke of cumberl anb ,

OP I N I ON S OF TH E P R E S S . — Ti s. A Popular Life . me A short popular bio raph y of Will iam s s rl and h as e Augu tu . Duke of Cum , be n

ar . . written by Mr . Bern d W Kelly It i s a e and s e oo brightly writt n pirit d b k , which gives a co d pictu re of the closing ’ a s G e 7I . an d s a s d y of ecr , the fir t few ye r —D ai e e ra h o f George II 8 rei l y T l g p . “ ‘ M r r ar TV. Th e on Be n d Kelly , in C ’ uero r o o s a s q of Cull den , f llow out ubject ” a —about which very little i s popul rly known . S cotsman . “ ’ s o i s ! es Mr . Kelly b ok decided inter t i n so a u of the a g, not much upon cco nt ttemp t to show the Duke of Cumberland in a less fla a s a as a se un ttering light th n u u l , bec u it furni shes a useful sketch of contempo rary s o o s and s hi t ry , t gether with odd end in the w a of t ivi al facts th at are no t gen ra y y —r e ll . Th e ni ted S er vi e M a azi known U c g ne.

a a . R . T. UR NE M ss s WASHBO , - 1 4 e n os R ow o E . C. Pat r ter , L ndon , , AN D

LTD Massas . JAMES DUFFY Co

15We o a . llingt n Qu y , Dublin