FUTURE SKYSCRAPERS

1. Taipei International Financial Center 2003 Architect: Cy Lee and Partners Location: Taipei, Taiwan Number of floors: 101 Height: 502 meters

2. Lotte World 2 Tower 2005 Architect: Baum Architects Location: Pusan, South Korea Number of floors: 107 Height: 465 meters

3. Asia Plaza 2008 Architect: uknown Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan Number of floors: 103 Height: 431 meters

4. Shanghai World Financial Center 2004 Architect: Shimizu Corporation / KPF Location: Shanghai, China Number of floors: 94 Height: 420 meters

5. 2 International Finance Center 2003 Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates Location: Hong Kong, China Number of floors: 88 Height: 400 meters 6. Fairwell International Center 2003 Architect: Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum Location: Xiamen, China Number of floors: 88 Height: 397 meters

7. Nina Tower 2003 Architect: uknown Location: Hong Kong, China Number of floors: 79 Height: 319 meters

8. BDNI Center Architect: I.M. Pei and Partners Location: Jakarta, Indonesia Number of floors: 62 Height: 317 meters

GREAT BUILDINGS JPT Review Center

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE (circa 1200 BC – AD 1st Century)

Temple of Luxor . or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor, Egypt, 18th dynasty king . dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the Gods . built of sandstone for the quarries of Gebel Silsila

Abu Simbel . dedicated chieftly to Re-Harakhti, God of the rising sun . built during the reign of Ramses II (1304 – 1237 BC) Pyramid of King Zoser Architect: Imhotep . earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient world, the Step Pyramid (c.2630 BC) of King Zoser at Saqqara, Egypt . consist of six terraces of receding sizes with a one staba

The Great Pyramid . the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the world, measuring 230m (756 ft)

GREEK ARCHITECTURE (circa 300 – 30 BC)

Parthenon 447-438 Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias Location: Athens, Greece Style: Ancient Greek Doric . on the historic Acropolis. Doric exemplar

Erechtheum 421 – 405 Architect: Mnesicles Location: Athens, Greece Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic . has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On the Acropolis, uses grade change.

Epidaurus Theater Architect: Polykleitos Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros, Greece Style: Ancient Greek . and the quality of its acoustics make the Epidaurus theatre one of the great architectural achievements of the fourth century. . the largest and best preserved ancient theaters in Greece. . can accommodate 14,000 spectators.

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE (300BC – 365 AD)

The Pantheon 118 - 126 Architect: Acrippa Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman . great domed hall with oculus oculus – a single circular opening . one of the great spiritual buildings of the world . it was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church . revived the use of brick and concrete in temple Architecture

Trajan’s Forum 100 – 112 Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus Location: Rome, Italy Style: Roman . composed of an arc of arched arcade . most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing . largest known forums

Colosseum 70 – 82 Architect: Vespacian and Domitian Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman . three-quarter columns and entablatures, Doric in the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in the third, face the three tiers of arcades . largest Roman Amphitheater . designed to hold 50,000 spectators . had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave easily and quickly

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE White House Architect: James Hoban Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814, porticos 1824 to1829 Style: Georgian Neoclassical . official residence of the president of the United States of America, for the last 200 years

Capitol of the United States Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1830 Style: Neoclassical . meeting place of the U.S. Congress, the national assembly of the United States of America, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate National Gallery of Art Architect: John Russel Pope . houses one of the finest collections of painting, sculptures, and graphic arts in the world

Washington Monument Architect: Robert Mills Location: Washington, D.C. Style: Neo-Egyptian . the obelisk is the only remnant of the original blue print that remains . with George Marsh, competition 1836. standard Egyptian proportion of 10:1 height to base

University of Virginia 1826 Architect: Thomas Jefferson Location: Charlottesville, Virginia Building Type: University campus Style: Classical, Neo-Palladian . ideas of symmetry and use of brick . arcades connect buildings around central lawn . curving brick walls surround campus Massachusetts State House Architect: Charles Bulfinch - first native-born professional American architect . classical elements are pilasters, porticos and domes

Saint Patrick’s Cathedral Architect: James Renwick Location: New York . shaped like a Latin cross . the largest Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States . designed in a Gothic Revival materials at English and French Gothic Style Connecticut State Capitol Architect: Richard Upjohn

Monticello 1768 to 1782 Architect: Thomas Jefferson Location: Charlottesville, Virginia Building Type: House Style: Colonial Georgian . Remodeled1796 to 1808 . beautiful hilltop home is a classical example of the late 18th Century American architecture and a national historic landmark

New York City Hall Architect: Pierre L’enfant Style: - Georgian Style . one of the most historical architecturally distinguished building in New York

Fallingwater 1934, 1938, 1948 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania Building Type: house Style: Expressionist Modern . cantilevers dramatically over rock outcropping and rushing stream . sends out free-floating platforms audaciously over a small waterfall and anchors them in the natural rock Guggenheim Museum 1956 to 1959 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: New York, New York Building Type: art museum Style: Modern . a gift of pure architecture—or rather of sculpture . based on organic forms that the architect found in seashells and snails

Coonley House 1908 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Riverside. Illinois Style: Prairie style Building Type: house Construction System: wood frame with stucco . a large, sophisticated prairie house

Ennis House 1923 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Los Angeles, California Building type: house Style: Deco Modern Construction system: bearing masonry, concrete blocks . the last of the four Los Angeles textile block house Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939 and 1944 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Racine, Wisconsin Construction system: precast concrete and brick Style: modern . unique structural expression in open hall, tower with rounded corners . the tower is totally enclosed and does not allow for horizontal expansion of work space . articulated by dendriform columns capable of supporting six times the weight imposed upon them, a fact Wright had to demonstrate in order to obtain a building permit Larkin Building 1904, demolished 1950 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Buffalo, New York Building Type: commercial offices Construction system: brick masonry Style: Early modern . large four-storey central atrium . the first entirely air-conditioned modern office building on record

Wingspread 1937 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Wind Point, Wisconsin Building type: large house Style: neo-Vernacular . living room, dining room, kitchen, family sleeping rooms, guest rooms, were separate unites grouped together and connected by corridors Golden Gate Bridge 1933 to 1937 Architect: Joseph Strauss Location: San Francisco, California Building type: suspension bridge Construction system: steel frame, steel cables Styles: Structural Modern with some Art Deco details . one of the longest bridge in the world . a powerful and elegant human structure in an equally beautiful natural location . overall bridge length of 9266 feet, or 2824 meters . bridge main span length of 4200 feet, or 1280 meters

FRENCH ARCHITECTURE

The 1546 to 1878 Architect: Pierre Lescot Location: Paris, France Building type: palace, art museum Construction system: cut stone bearing masonry Style: French Renaissance . also designed by Catherine de Medici, J.A. du Cerceau II, , etc. . I.M. Pei: design the glass pyramid, which serves as the main public entrance

Tuileries . the Tuileries Garden of Paris is part of the Triumphal way, which begins at the Louvre and continues to the City’s Western edge

Palais Royal . commissioned by Cardinal Richeliev . original name is Palais Cardinal . 17th century . Daniel Buren: stripped columns

Sacre-coeur . located at the hill of Montmartre which is the highest point in the city of paris . 1874: Paul Abadie . 1910: completed by Lucien Magne

Hotel de Ville . largest renaissance building . 16th and 17th century . Italian designer Domenico de Cortona . 1871: burned, renovated in 2 years

Arc de Triomphe . Napoleon, the French emperor decided to build a very big arch of triumph, which stands at the top of the Champs Elysees

Pompidou Centre 1972 to 1976 Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano Location: Paris, France Building Type: modern art museum Construction system: high-tech steel and glass Style: High-tech modern . a cost of $100,000,000, with an average attendance of approximately seven million people a year . massive structural expressionist cast exoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube

Notre Dame de Paris 1163 to 1250 Architect: Maurice de Sully Location: Paris, France Building Type: church, cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone Style: Early Gothic . one of the most celebrated Gothic cathedrals in France . twin towers marking the entrance . probably the most famous image in French Gothic art

Paris Opera House 1857 to 1874 Architect: Charles Garnier Location: Paris, France Building type: theater, opera house Construction system: masonry, cut stone Style: Neo-Baroque . polychrome façade, opulent staircase . commission by competition . masterpiece of 19th century architecture . one of the largest and most opulent theaters in the world . false ceiling painted by Marc Chagall

Elysee Palace 1718 Architect: Claude Mollet . official residence of the president of France