FUTURE SKYSCRAPERS 1. Taipei International Financial Center 2003 Architect: Cy Lee and Partners Location: Taipei, Taiwan Number of floors: 101 Height: 502 meters 2. Lotte World 2 Tower 2005 Architect: Baum Architects Location: Pusan, South Korea Number of floors: 107 Height: 465 meters 3. Asia Plaza 2008 Architect: uknown Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan Number of floors: 103 Height: 431 meters 4. Shanghai World Financial Center 2004 Architect: Shimizu Corporation / KPF Location: Shanghai, China Number of floors: 94 Height: 420 meters 5. 2 International Finance Center 2003 Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates Location: Hong Kong, China Number of floors: 88 Height: 400 meters 6. Fairwell International Center 2003 Architect: Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum Location: Xiamen, China Number of floors: 88 Height: 397 meters 7. Nina Tower 2003 Architect: uknown Location: Hong Kong, China Number of floors: 79 Height: 319 meters 8. BDNI Center Architect: I.M. Pei and Partners Location: Jakarta, Indonesia Number of floors: 62 Height: 317 meters GREAT BUILDINGS JPT Review Center EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE (circa 1200 BC – AD 1st Century) Temple of Luxor . or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor, Egypt, 18th dynasty king . dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the Gods . built of sandstone for the quarries of Gebel Silsila Abu Simbel . dedicated chieftly to Re-Harakhti, God of the rising sun . built during the reign of Ramses II (1304 – 1237 BC) Pyramid of King Zoser Architect: Imhotep . earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient world, the Step Pyramid (c.2630 BC) of King Zoser at Saqqara, Egypt . consist of six terraces of receding sizes with a one staba The Great Pyramid . the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the world, measuring 230m (756 ft) GREEK ARCHITECTURE (circa 300 – 30 BC) Parthenon 447-438 Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias Location: Athens, Greece Style: Ancient Greek Doric . on the historic Acropolis. Doric exemplar Erechtheum 421 – 405 Architect: Mnesicles Location: Athens, Greece Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic . has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On the Acropolis, uses grade change. Epidaurus Theater Architect: Polykleitos Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros, Greece Style: Ancient Greek . and the quality of its acoustics make the Epidaurus theatre one of the great architectural achievements of the fourth century. the largest and best preserved ancient theaters in Greece. can accommodate 14,000 spectators. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE (300BC – 365 AD) The Pantheon 118 - 126 Architect: Acrippa Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman . great domed hall with oculus oculus – a single circular opening . one of the great spiritual buildings of the world . it was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church . revived the use of brick and concrete in temple Architecture Trajan’s Forum 100 – 112 Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus Location: Rome, Italy Style: Roman . composed of an arc of arched arcade . most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing . largest known forums Colosseum 70 – 82 Architect: Vespacian and Domitian Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman . three-quarter columns and entablatures, Doric in the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in the third, face the three tiers of arcades . largest Roman Amphitheater . designed to hold 50,000 spectators . had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave easily and quickly AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE White House Architect: James Hoban Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814, porticos 1824 to1829 Style: Georgian Neoclassical . official residence of the president of the United States of America, for the last 200 years Capitol of the United States Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1830 Style: Neoclassical . meeting place of the U.S. Congress, the national assembly of the United States of America, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate National Gallery of Art Architect: John Russel Pope . houses one of the finest collections of painting, sculptures, and graphic arts in the world Washington Monument Architect: Robert Mills Location: Washington, D.C. Style: Neo-Egyptian . the obelisk is the only remnant of the original blue print that remains . with George Marsh, competition 1836. standard Egyptian proportion of 10:1 height to base University of Virginia 1826 Architect: Thomas Jefferson Location: Charlottesville, Virginia Building Type: University campus Style: Classical, Neo-Palladian . ideas of symmetry and use of brick . arcades connect buildings around central lawn . curving brick walls surround campus Massachusetts State House Architect: Charles Bulfinch - first native-born professional American architect . classical elements are pilasters, porticos and domes Saint Patrick’s Cathedral Architect: James Renwick Location: New York . shaped like a Latin cross . the largest Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States . designed in a Gothic Revival materials at English and French Gothic Style Connecticut State Capitol Architect: Richard Upjohn Monticello 1768 to 1782 Architect: Thomas Jefferson Location: Charlottesville, Virginia Building Type: House Style: Colonial Georgian . Remodeled1796 to 1808 . beautiful hilltop home is a classical example of the late 18th Century American architecture and a national historic landmark New York City Hall Architect: Pierre L’enfant Style: French Renaissance - Georgian Style . one of the most historical architecturally distinguished building in New York Fallingwater 1934, 1938, 1948 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania Building Type: house Style: Expressionist Modern . cantilevers dramatically over rock outcropping and rushing stream . sends out free-floating platforms audaciously over a small waterfall and anchors them in the natural rock Guggenheim Museum 1956 to 1959 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: New York, New York Building Type: art museum Style: Modern . a gift of pure architecture—or rather of sculpture . based on organic forms that the architect found in seashells and snails Coonley House 1908 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Riverside. Illinois Style: Prairie style Building Type: house Construction System: wood frame with stucco . a large, sophisticated prairie house Ennis House 1923 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Los Angeles, California Building type: house Style: Deco Modern Construction system: bearing masonry, concrete blocks . the last of the four Los Angeles textile block house Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939 and 1944 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Racine, Wisconsin Construction system: precast concrete and brick Style: modern . unique structural expression in open hall, tower with rounded corners . the tower is totally enclosed and does not allow for horizontal expansion of work space . articulated by dendriform columns capable of supporting six times the weight imposed upon them, a fact Wright had to demonstrate in order to obtain a building permit Larkin Building 1904, demolished 1950 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Buffalo, New York Building Type: commercial offices Construction system: brick masonry Style: Early modern . large four-storey central atrium . the first entirely air-conditioned modern office building on record Wingspread 1937 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Wind Point, Wisconsin Building type: large house Style: neo-Vernacular . living room, dining room, kitchen, family sleeping rooms, guest rooms, were separate unites grouped together and connected by corridors Golden Gate Bridge 1933 to 1937 Architect: Joseph Strauss Location: San Francisco, California Building type: suspension bridge Construction system: steel frame, steel cables Styles: Structural Modern with some Art Deco details . one of the longest bridge in the world . a powerful and elegant human structure in an equally beautiful natural location . overall bridge length of 9266 feet, or 2824 meters . bridge main span length of 4200 feet, or 1280 meters FRENCH ARCHITECTURE The Louvre 1546 to 1878 Architect: Pierre Lescot Location: Paris, France Building type: palace, art museum Construction system: cut stone bearing masonry Style: French Renaissance . also designed by Catherine de Medici, J.A. du Cerceau II, Claude Perrault, etc. I.M. Pei: design the glass pyramid, which serves as the main public entrance Tuileries . the Tuileries Garden of Paris is part of the Triumphal way, which begins at the Louvre and continues to the City’s Western edge Palais Royal . commissioned by Cardinal Richeliev . original name is Palais Cardinal . 17th century . Daniel Buren: stripped columns Sacre-coeur . located at the hill of Montmartre which is the highest point in the city of paris . 1874: Paul Abadie . 1910: completed by Lucien Magne Hotel de Ville . largest renaissance building . 16th and 17th century . Italian designer Domenico de Cortona . 1871: burned, renovated in 2 years Arc de Triomphe . Napoleon, the French emperor decided to build a very big arch of triumph, which stands at the top of the Champs Elysees Pompidou Centre 1972 to 1976 Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano Location: Paris, France Building Type: modern art museum Construction system: high-tech steel and glass Style: High-tech modern . a cost of $100,000,000, with an average attendance of approximately seven million people a year . massive structural expressionist cast exoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube Notre Dame de Paris 1163 to 1250 Architect: Maurice de Sully