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Volume 1 Number 3, Summer 1989 Hemisphere Volume 1 Article 1 Issue 3 Summer 1989 Volume 1 Number 3, Summer 1989 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere Part of the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1989) "Volume 1 Number 3, Summer 1989," Hemisphere: Vol. 1 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol1/iss3/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Kimberly Green Latin American and Carribbean Center (LACC) Publications Network at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hemisphere by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 1 Number 3, Summer 1989 This issue is available in Hemisphere: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol1/iss3/1 Discover Latin America with American Express Unique landscapes. Gracious and friendly people. Lands alive with legends. The American Express®"' Card can help you enjoy all of Latin America. The Card is welcomed at fine shops, luxurious hotels and charming restaurants throughout Latin America. And at our Travel Service Offices* you have a variety of unparalleled services, like emergency Card replacement, American Express®~"Travelers Cheque refunds and personal check cashing. Enjoy the enchantments of Latin America. And remember, if you need us, we're here to help. *Offices of American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc., its affiliated Companies and Representatives. ®M Registered Trademark of American Express Company. 1987 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Hemisphere A MAGAZINE OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN AFFAIRS Summer 1989 Volume One * Number Three Five Dollars EDITORIAL STAFF COMMENTARY Editor: Anthony P. Maingot Deputy Editor: Richard Tardanico Accountability in Cuba and Puerto Rico by Anthony P Maingot Associate Editor: Mark B. Rosenberg Assistant Editor: Sofia A. Lopez Life (and Death): An Andean Saga by Mark B. Rosenberg Book Review Editor: Eduardo A. Gamarra Bibliographer: Marian Goslinga Circulation Manager: Adolfo Leyva Graphic Designer: Juanita Mazzarella Baert REPORTS Copy Editor: Michael B. Joslyn Crisis and Carnival: Rio deJaneiro by Elizabeth Station Production Assistants: Patricia Arena, Cristina Finlay, Raquel Jurado, Teresita Marill, Rene War, Peace, and Music: The Guianas by Kenneth Bilby Ramos, Kevin A. Yelvington Two Plans, No Solution by Edgar Ortiz CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Argentine Prospects by Enrique Loncan Janet M. Chernela Raul Moncarz Rodolfo Cortina Dario Moreno Stories of Foreign Language by John V Lombardi DennisJ. Gayle Lisandro Perez Jerry Haar Luis Salas Peter Habermann Mark D. Szuchman Suzanne Koptur FAXFILE EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Francisco Rojas Aravena Robert A. Pastor Ettore Botta AnthonyJ. Payne FEATURES Bernard Diederich Guido Pennano Roberto Espindola Alejandro Portes Amazonia: Contending Voices Gustav Franco Sally Price Brazil: Fire in the Forest by Anthony W Pereira Wolf Grabendorf David Ronfeldt Harry Hoetink Selwyn Ryan Colonizing the Amazon by Anna Luiza Ozorio de Almeida Vaughan Lewis Steven E. Sanderson Planning Hydroelectric Projects by Maria Teresa Fernandes Serra Larissa A. Lomnitz Saskia Sassen Abraham E Lowenthal Carol A. Smith Declarations on the Amazon by Jos Sarney, Paiakan Kayap6, Frank Manitzas Yolande Van Eeuwen The Group of 100, and Orlando Valverde Richard Millett Arturo Villar Andres Oppenheimer Juan Yafies Superpowers and Latin America Hemisphere (ISSN 08983038) is published three times a Redefining Soviet Foreign Policy by Alexei Izyumov and Andrei Kortunov year (Fall, Winter, and Summer) by the Latin American and Caribbean Center of Florida International Univer- Perestroika and Central America by Rafael Angel Calder6n sity, The State University of Florida at Miami. Copyright ©1989 by the Latin American and Caribbean Center, Moscow and Latin America by Augusto Varas Florida International University. All rights reserved. Bordering on Consensus: US Policy by Gilbert W. Merkx Hemisphere is dedicated to provoking debate on the prob- lems, initiatives, and achievements of Latin America and the Caribbean. Responsibility for the opinions expressed lies solely with the authors. REVIEW FORUM EDITORIAL, CIRCULATION, AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: Latin American and Caribbean Center, Hemispheric Controversy Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199. Telephone: 305/554-2894. FAX: Hard Choices by Mark Falcoff 305/554-3593. Please address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Deputy Editor. Common Ground by Rosario Green SUBSCRIPTIONS: US, USVI, PR, and Canada: $14 a year. Elsewhere: $22 a year. Please make check or money order (US currency only) payable to Hemisphere. PUBLICATIONS UPDATE This publication was produced at an annual cost of Perestroika and Latin America, Recent Books on the Region $11,051,or $3.68 per copy to inform the public about a University program. by Marian Goslinga M M Accountability in Cuba and Puerto Rico by Anthony P Maingot Consejo de Estado, if the people were, he said, in danger of being Libre Asociado will enter its agreed with our decisions, but this "corrupted." In 1986 the free agri- fourth decade, and the Cuban was not indispensable: "One cannot cultural markets were closed revolutionn 1991 the willPuerto observe Rican its Estado 32nd do what public opinion believes or because they were "corrupting" the anniversary. Historically speak- asks, but what is beneficial for the peasants. Today he regards peres- ing, both experiments are nation." If the verdict on Ochoa troika and glasnost as little more than young. Yet they both have a were to be decided by a simple pub- corruptions of socialist practice. great deal to tell us about crucial lic opinion poll, Castro concluded, Finally, he accuses the "interna- elements of Caribbean and world there would be no need for a Consejo tionalist" missions in Angola and politics. de Estado. Nicaragua-to say nothing of Pan- Increasing the political account- This Castro, of course, is a differ- ama-of being riddled with corrup- ability of those in power has been ent Castro from the one who consis- tion. The execution of four high the goal of political movements since tently claimed that neither elections officials, including Ochoa, a "Hero at least the Magna Carta. Whether nor plebiscites were needed in Cuba of the Revolution" no less, and the the issue is trial by jury, taxation because the Cuban people exercise virtual gutting of the Ministry of the without representation, regularly a daily referendum on government Interior, indicate that the anticor- held elections, or universal suffrage, actions. In a country without the ruption campaign is part of a dra- the movements are facets of the slightest pretense of a free press or matic shift in political emphasis. quest for a responsive elite and a independent interest groups, much Those who oppose this change responsible public. This quest cer- less independent opinion polling, -withdrawal from the corrupting tainly appears to be at the heart of Castro's assertion of Leninist princi- world currents-appear to be falling the monumental changes taking ples reflects Cuban reality more by the wayside. To be sure, Albanian place in the USSR and parts of East- accurately than his previous claims and North Korean leaders have sur- ern Europe, and it underscores the to an original and sui generis form vived long-term national hermeticism. fact that in the 20th century the of accountability. But perhaps a more suitable analogy search for accountability transcends Castro's problem is that there no to the "reign of virtue" that seems differences in political systems. longer exists much of an audience to be approaching in Cuba, is the What then can Cuba and Puerto for the Leninist formula of govern- France of Maximilien ("The Incor- Rico show us about this universal ance. One has the distinct impres- ruptible") Robespierre. trend? sion that he is experiencing that What is the difference between most debilitating of political ail- Castro's recent discourses on Cuba's ments: isolation. A major cause of lonely stand on principle from Castro's Record this isolation might well be "cogni- Robespierre's notorious peroration For the past 30 years Fidel Castro's tive dissonance." Holding on to a on "the two opposite genii;' locked record on this score has been a mat- belief system that is sharply at odds in combat "to determine irretrieva- ter of concern. In the early stages of with movements and changes occur- bly the destinies of the world"? And the revolution "charismatic mobili- ring in the real world can bring what differences are there with zation" was sociologically under- about psychologically disturbing Robespierre's conclusion that "we standable-no matter what one's and disorienting effects. When, not have to strangle the internal as well ideological predilections. But the surprisingly, politicians so inclined as the external enemies of the notion falls short of elucidating are unable to harmonize the world republic, or perish with her!"? In a present practices. with their beliefs, the resulting psy- world in which Hungarian, and pos- During the July trial of General chological discomfort spurs isolation sibly even Soviet, observer status in Arnaldo Ochoa and six other high from that world-in-change. the EEC is being discussed, Cuban officials, Castro minced no words The process is all too evident in puritanical hermeticism has nothing when he explained that the Leninist contemporary
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