Ayaş'in Xix.Yüzyil Ortalarinda Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Yapisi
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Pax Britannica and the Anti-Systemic Movement of Viceroy Mehmet Ali Pasha of Egypt
PAX BRITANNICA AND THE ANTI-SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT OF VICEROY MEHMET ALI PASHA OF EGYPT A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY OKYANUS AKIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DECEMBER 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Oktay Tanrısever Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Çınar Özen (Ankara Uni., IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Okyanus Akın Signature: iii ABSTRACT PAX BRITANNICA AND THE ANTI-SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT OF VICEROY MEHMET ALI PASHA OF EGYPT Akın, Okyanus M.S., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur December 2019, 234 pages The Pax Britannica, as a system, defined the political-economy of the nineteenth century. -
1768-1830S a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate
A PLAGUE ON BOTH HOUSES?: POPULATION MOVEMENTS AND THE SPREAD OF DISEASE ACROSS THE OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN BLACK SEA FRONTIER, 1768-1830S A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Andrew Robarts, M.S.F.S. Washington, DC December 17, 2010 Copyright 2010 by Andrew Robarts All Rights Reserved ii A PLAGUE ON BOTH HOUSES?: POPULATION MOVEMENTS AND THE SPREAD OF DISEASE ACROSS THE OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN BLACK SEA FRONTIER, 1768-1830S Andrew Robarts, M.S.F.S. Dissertation Advisor: Catherine Evtuhov, Ph. D. ABSTRACT Based upon a reading of Ottoman, Russian, and Bulgarian archival documents, this dissertation examines the response by the Ottoman and Russian states to the accelerated pace of migration and spread of disease in the Black Sea region from the outbreak of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1768-1774 to the signing of the Treaty of Hünkar Iskelesi in 1833. Building upon introductory chapters on the Russian-Ottoman Black Sea frontier and a case study of Bulgarian population movements between the Russian and Ottoman Empires, this dissertation analyzes Russian and Ottoman migration and settlement policies, the spread of epidemic diseases (plague and cholera) in the Black Sea region, the construction of quarantines and the implementation of travel document regimes. The role and position of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia as the “middle ground” between the Ottoman and Russian Empires -
Political and Economic Transition of Ottoman Sovereignty from a Sole Monarch to Numerous Ottoman Elites, 1683–1750S
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Volume 70 (1), 49 – 90 (2017) DOI: 10.1556/062.2017.70.1.4 POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION OF OTTOMAN SOVEREIGNTY FROM A SOLE MONARCH TO NUMEROUS OTTOMAN ELITES, 1683–1750S BIROL GÜNDOĞDU Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Historisches Institut, Osteuropäische Geschichte Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, Haus D Raum 205, 35394 Gießen, Deutschland e-mail: [email protected] The aim of this paper is to reveal the transformation of the Ottoman Empire following the debacles of the second siege of Vienna in 1683. The failures compelled the Ottoman state to change its socio- economic and political structure. As a result of this transition of the state structure, which brought about a so-called “redistribution of power” in the empire, new Ottoman elites emerged from 1683 until the 1750s. We have divided the above time span into three stages that will greatly help us com- prehend the Ottoman transition from sultanic authority to numerous autonomies of first Muslim, then non-Muslim elites of the Ottoman Empire. During the first period (1683–1699) we see the emergence of Muslim power players at the expense of sultanic authority. In the second stage (1699–1730) we observe the sultans’ unsuccessful attempts to revive their authority. In the third period (1730–1750) we witness the emergence of non-Muslim notables who gradually came into power with the help of both the sultans and external powers. At the end of this last stage, not only did the authority of Ottoman sultans decrease enormously, but a new era evolved where Muslim and non-Muslim leading figures both fought and co-operated with one another for a new distribution of wealth in the Ottoman Empire. -
Letters from Vidin: a Study of Ottoman Governmentality and Politics of Local Administration, 1864-1877
LETTERS FROM VIDIN: A STUDY OF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTALITY AND POLITICS OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, 1864-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Mehmet Safa Saracoglu ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carter Vaughn Findley, Adviser Professor Jane Hathaway ______________________ Professor Kenneth Andrien Adviser History Graduate Program Copyright by Mehmet Safa Saracoglu 2007 ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the local administrative practices in Vidin County during 1860s and 1870s. Vidin County, as defined by the Ottoman Provincial Regulation of 1864, is the area that includes the districts of Vidin (the administrative center), ‛Adliye (modern-day Kula), Belgradcık (Belogradchik), Berkofça (Bergovitsa), İvraca (Vratsa), Rahova (Rahovo), and Lom (Lom), all of which are located in modern-day Bulgaria. My focus is mostly on the post-1864 period primarily due to the document utilized for this dissertation: the copy registers of the county administrative council in Vidin. Doing a close reading of these copy registers together with other primary and secondary sources this dissertation analyzes the politics of local administration in Vidin as a case study to understand the Ottoman governmentality in the second half of the nineteenth century. The main thesis of this study contends that the local inhabitants of Vidin effectively used the institutional framework of local administration ii in this period of transformation in order to devise strategies that served their interests. This work distances itself from an understanding of the nineteenth-century local politics as polarized between a dominating local government trying to impose unprecedented reforms designed at the imperial center on the one hand, and an oppressed but nevertheless resistant people, rebelling against the insensitive policies of the state on the other. -
1871 Vilayet Nizamnamesinin Ii. Abdülhamid Dönemine Yansimasi
T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI 2016-YL-028 1871 VİLAYET NİZAMNAMESİNİN II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNE YANSIMASI HAZIRLAYAN Mahmut DEMİRCİ TEZ DANIŞMANI Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayten CAN AYDIN-2016 T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE AYDIN Tarih Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Programı öğrencisi Mahmut DEMĠRCĠ tarafından hazırlanan “1871 Vilayet Nizamnamesinin II. Abdülhamid Dönemine Yansıması”baĢlıklı tez, 11.04.2016 tarihinde yapılan savunma sonucunda aĢağıda isimleri bulunan jüri üyelerince kabul edilmiĢtir. Ünvanı, Adı Soyadı Kurumu Ġmzası BaĢkan : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayten CAN ADÜ ................ Üye : Doç. Dr. Tanju DEMĠR ADÜ ................ Üye : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kevser DEĞĠRMENCĠ DPÜ ................ Jüri üyeleri tarafından kabul edilen bu Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Enstitü Yönetim Kurulunun ……… Sayılı kararıyla ……………….. tarihinde onaylanmıĢtır. Prof. Dr. Recep TEKELĠ Enstitü Müdürü iii iv T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE AYDIN Bu tezde sunulan tüm bilgi ve sonuçların, bilimsel yöntemlerle yürütülen gerçek deney ve gözlemler çerçevesinde tarafımdan elde edildiğini, çalıĢmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düĢünce, sonuç ve bilgilere bilimsel etik kuralların gereği olarak eksiksiz Ģekilde uygun atıf yaptığımı ve kaynak göstererek belirttiğimi beyan ederim. ..…/…../2016 Mahmut DEMĠRCĠ v vi ÖZET 1871 VİLAYET NİZAMNAMESİNİN II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNE YANSIMASI Mahmut DEMĠRCĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tarih Anabilim Dalı Tez DanıĢmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayten CAN 2016 119 sayfa Osmanlı Devleti açısından 1839 yılında Tanzimat‟ın ilan edilmesiyle devlet idaresinde modernleĢmenin baĢlangıç temeli atıldı. 1840 yıllarından itibaren özellikle vilayet idarelerinde yoğun reform hareketleri gerçekleĢtirildi. 1840 yılında Muhassıllık ve Muhassıllık Meclisleri devleti içerisine girmiĢ olduğu kötü durumdan kurtamadı. 1864 yılında çıkarılan Tuna Vilayet Nizamnamesi‟ ile devlet, vilayet, liva, kaza ve köy olmak üzere yeni idari birimlere ayrıldı. -
Communal Relations in Izmir/Smyrna, 1826-1864: As
COMMUNAL RELATIONS IN ĐZM ĐR/SMYRNA, 1826-1864: AS SEEN THROUGH THE PRISM OF GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS by N. Feryal Tansu ğ A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto Copyright by N. Feryal Tansu ğ 2008 ABSTRACT COMMUNAL RELATIONS IN ĐZM ĐR/SMYRNA, 1826-1864: AS SEEN THROUGH THE PRISM OF GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS by Feryal Tansu ğ Doctor of Philosophy Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2008 This dissertation examines the level of social and cultural interaction between the Greek and Turkish communities of Đzmir and the impact of the centralizing Ottoman reforms on the society of Đzmir during the age of the Ottoman modernization. It focuses on the years between 1826 and 1864 that marked a turning point in the administrative history of the Ottoman Empire. Analyzing this subject requires understanding the social-cultural and economic dynamics of Đzmir that played a crucial role in the formation of the social fabric of the city. Ottoman-Turkish archival material and to some extent Greek newspapers of the time are used as primary sources. The sources discussed in this dissertation demonstrate that the central authority attempted to re- integrate Đzmir into its administrative and political structure in accordance with the centralizing or repressive Tanzimat reforms. However, Tanzimat reforms did not disturb the social cohesion of Đzmir, which the city produced over the centuries with its local character and some peculiar dynamics. The evidence also indicates that the Empire did not aim to mold social relations in Đzmir, instead benefited from city’s already existing social-cultural and economic situation, which was well suited to its modernization program. -
20 CIÉPO Symposium
University of Crete Foundation for Research Department of History and Technology - Hellas and Archaeology Institute for Mediterranean Studies 20th CIÉPO Symposium New Trends in Ottoman Studies Rethymno, Crete, Greece 27 June – 1 July 2012 Organised in collaboration with the Region of Crete, Regional Unit of Rethymno, and the Municipality of Rethymno 1 Organising Committee Gülsün Aksoy-Aivali Antonis Anastasopoulos Elias Kolovos Marinos Sariyannis Honorary Committee Prof. Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont (Honorary President, CIÉPO) Prof. Vassilis Demetriades (Honorary Researcher, IMS/FORTH) Prof. Costas Fotakis (President, FORTH) Prof. Christos Hadziiossif (Director, IMS/FORTH) Prof. Katerina Kopaka (Dean, School of Letters, University of Crete) Ms Maria Lioni (Regional Vice Governor of Crete, Rethymno) Mr Giorgis Marinakis (Mayor of Rethymno) Ass. Prof. Socrates Petmezas (Chair, Department of History and Archaeology, University of Crete) Prof. Euripides G. Stephanou (Rector, University of Crete) Prof. Michael Ursinus (President, CIÉPO) Prof. Elizabeth A. Zachariadou (Honorary Researcher, IMS/FORTH) Symposium Secretariat Eleni Sfakianaki Katerina Stathi Technical Support Alexandros Maridakis Symposium Assistants Marilena Bali Angeliki Garidi Michalis Georgellis Despoina Giannakaki Myrsini Kavalari Georgia Korontzi Alexandra Kriti Christos Kyriakopoulos Giannis Lambrakis Iordanis Panagiotidis Stelios Parlamas Stamatia Partsafa Ioanna Petroulidi Milan Prodanović Panagiota Sfyridaki 2 Panel Abstracts 1. Panels are listed in alphabetical order on the basis of the family name of the panel leader. 2. The names of the other panelists of each panel are listed by order of presentation. 3. The panels’ paper abstracts are listed together with the abstracts of the independent papers in the next section. 3 A. Nükhet Adıyeke (başkan), Nuri Adıyeke, Mehmet Ali Demirbaş, Melike Kara (Wed 27, 16.30, r. -
83 Ali Murat Kurşun Aberystwyth University Deconstructing The
All Azimuth V9, N1, 2020, 83-104 Deconstructing the Sykes-Picot Myth: Frontiers, Boundaries, Borders and the Evolution of Ottoman Territoriality Ali Murat Kurşun Aberystwyth University Abstract This study aims to evaluate the emergence of the Sykes-Picot order and deconstruct its mythologization by proposing an evolutionary assessment of border understanding. This study addresses the following primary research questions: How did the interplay of domestic, regional, and international developments lay the groundwork for the formation of the Sykes-Picot territorial order? How was the administrative structure and regional divisions before the Sykes-Picot agreement and to which border categorizations did these structures correspond? Was the Sykes-Picot agreement the only international intervention that affected the borders of the region or were there other international interventions before the Sykes-Picot agreement? This study argues that the history of Middle Eastern border formation is not only an international one but also involves many aspects that have not widely been taken into consideration. In doing so, this paper adopts a critical historical perspective to analyze the evolution of Middle Eastern borders. This paper proposes a three-tracked evolutionary analytical framework (frontiers, boundaries, borders) to analyze the emergence of borders and applies it to the emergence of Ottoman territoriality. This study concludes that the Sykes-Picot agreement is only one, complementary part of a long process in the emergence of Middle Eastern geopolitics. Keywords: Ottoman territoriality, Sykes-Picot Agreement, Middle Eastern borders, border studies 1. Introduction In November 1915, Mark Sykes, advisor to British Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener, and French former consul in Beirut François Georges Picot were tasked by their respective governments to craft an acceptable post-war partition map for the Middle East. -
Cumhuriyet'e Geçişte Ankara'da Eğitimsel
Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Sayı: 62, Bahar 2018, s. 253-300 Makalenin geliş ve kabul tarihleri: 28.09.2017 – 08.03.2018 CUMHURİYET’E GEÇİŞTE ANKARA’DA EĞİTİMSEL GELİŞMELER Hamiyet SEZER FEYZİOĞLU İsmail GÜVEN** ÖZ Bu çalışmada Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar Ankara’da eğitimsel gelişmeler analiz edilmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Tanzimat ile birlikte devletin idari açıdan yeniden teşkilatlanması ve eğitim kurumlarının değişimi başlamıştır. Yönetsel açıdan merkezileşmeye ek olarak Tanzimat reformları ile eğitim politikaları ve anlayışı da değişmiştir. İstanbul’da başlayan bu değişimler daha sonra taşraya da ulaşmıştır. Bu reform politikaları Ankara’da da etkisini göstermiş, sosyo-ekonomik değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Tanzimat reformları Ankara’daki yerel yapıyı çok fazla etkilememiş Tanzimat sonrası ortaya çıkan eğitim kurumları Ankara’yı da eğitimsel açıdan etkilemiş ve Ankara’da batılı tarzda okullar faaliyete geçmiştir. Çalışmada Tanzimat sonrasında Ankara’daki eğitimin evrimi ve dönüşümü istatistikler, yıllıklar ve arşiv dokümanlarına dayanarak analiz edilmiş ve Cumhuriyet’e nasıl bir miras bırakıldığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sayısal veriler ve kurumsal değişiklikler, Tanzimat sonrasındaki değişimlerin geç de olsa Ankara’ya ulaştığını ve Ankara’daki eğitimin batılı tarzda örgütlendiğini göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ankara, eğitim, Tanzimat, reform, batılılaşma EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ANKARA FROM THE TANZIMAT PERIOD TO THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD ABSTRACT In -
Ottoman Constructions of the Morea Rebellion, 1770S: a Comprehensive Study of Ottoman Attitudes to the Greek Uprising
Ottoman Constructions of the Morea Rebellion, 1770s: A Comprehensive Study of Ottoman Attitudes to the Greek Uprising by Birol Gundogdu A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto © Birol Gundogdu 2012 Ottoman Constructions of the Morea Rebellion, 1770s: A Comprehensive Study of Ottoman Attitudes to the Greek Uprising Birol Gundogdu Doctor of Philosophy Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2012 Abstract The topic of our dissertation concerns the Greek uprisings against the Ottoman Empire, which took place in the context of the Ottoman-Russian struggle of 1768-1774. That is, our research focuses on the Morea Rebellion which is often claimed as not only the first crucial step on the way towards creating an independent Greek state, which came into being in 1829 with the treaty of London, but also occasionally as one of the most significant turning points both for the history of the Ottoman Empire and for the struggle of Greek independence. The meaning of the Morea Rebellion has long been under discussion among Greek historians. While we will deal with Ottoman side of the issue, this study will shed light on matters of Greek historiography which has been generally been created without taking account of the Ottoman side of the story. In the light of Ottoman archival documents as well as writings of earlier, more contemporary sources, we will argue for the complexity and intricacy of the Morea Rebellion, as reflected in the Ottoman documents, many of which have not been used before. -
Egypt's Ottoman Past
“Remembering” Egypt’s Ottoman Past: Ottoman Consciousness in Egypt, 1841-1914 Dissertation Presented in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Doğa Öztürk, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2020 Dissertation Committee Prof. Carter V. Findley, Advisor Prof. Jane Hathaway Prof. Scott Levi Copyrighted by Doğa Öztürk 2020 Abstract Scholarship on modern Egyptian history supports a narrative that depicts Egypt emerging as an independent political entity in the mid-19th century and steadily marching towards becoming a sovereign nation-state in the first decades of the 20th century. The Ottoman cultural context, within which Egypt operated at this time, is usually nowhere to be found in this story. This dissertation remedies this gap in the literature and “remembers” Egypt’s Ottoman past between 1841, when Mehmed Ali Pasha was granted the hereditary governorship of Egypt, and 1914, when Egypt’s remaining political ties to the Ottoman Empire were severed by the British Empire. Primarily based on a variety of sources produced in Arabic and Ottoman Turkish, it argues that even though the political ties between Istanbul and Cairo were weakening and a more distinct Egyptian identity was on the rise at this time, the Ottoman cultural consciousness continued to provide an important framework for the ruling and intellectual elite of Egypt, as well as the wider segments of the Egyptian public, until World War I. Taking a thematic approach to the subject, the dissertation demonstrates how the Ottoman imperial court culture provided a blueprint for the ruling elite in Egypt. -
TÜRKIYE'de KAZA YÖNETIMI ( 84O- 1876)
TÜRKIYE'DE KAZA YÖNETIMI ( 84o- 1876) Prof. Dr. MUSA ÇAD~RC~~ Osmanl~~ ~ mparatorlu~u'nda 1839'dan hemen sonra ülke yönetiminde önemli yenilikler yap~ lmaya ba~land~ . 1840-1842 tarihleri aras~ nda uygula- maya konulan yönetim biçimi beklenileni vermekten uzak kald~ . Bunun üzerine 1842 Mart~ 'ndan itibaren yeni düzenlemeye gicjildi. Tanzimat'la birlikte getirilen muhass~ ll~ k kurumu kald~ r~ ld~. Muhass~ llara yard~ mc~~ ol- mak üzere olu~turulan Muhass~ ll~ k Meclisleri ise ad de~i~tirerek varl~ klar~ - n~~ sürdürdü . Bu arada çok önemli bir de~i~iklik daha yap~ larak "Kaza" idare birimi olu~turuldu. Osmanl~~ Devleti'nin kurulu~undan beri "Kaza" ad~~ ile an~ lan ve ba~- lang~ çta idari-adli, daha sonralar~~ ise sadece adli bir birim olarak bu ad ve kavram bulunuyordu. Mahkemenin, kad~~ veya naibin bulundu~u her yerle- ~im bölgesi, eyalet merkezi, sancak veya voyvodal~ kla yönetilen kasaba ve köyler toplulu~u adli bir birim olarak Tanzimat'~ n ilân~ na kadar kaza ad~~ alt~ nda varl~~~ n~~ devam ettirmi~zir. Ancak 1842 düzenlemesiyle getirilen ka- za kavram~ n~ n ilkinden oldukça farkl~~ bir anlam ta~~d~~~ n~~ verece~imiz bil- giler ortaya koyacak, isim benzerli~inden öte bir benzerli~in bulunmad~~~~ görülecektir 2 . 18413 y~ l~ nda vergilerin toplanmas~~ ve herkesin gelirine göre y~ lda bir veya iki defa tek bir vergi ödemesi ilkesi gözönünde tutularak, ülke düze- yinde yeni bir uygulamaya geçilmi~ti. Bu düzenleme ile köyden sonra yönetim birimi olarak kaza ünitesi olu~turulurken, sancak ve eyalet idare- sinde de baz~~ de~i~iklikler yap~ l~ yordu. Dönemin tek resmi gazetesi olan Takvim-i Vekayi'nin 14 ~ubat 1842 tarih ve 238.