1768-1830S a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate
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Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria
Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria By Henry L. deZeng IV General Map Edition: November 2014 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Copyright © by Henry L. deZeng IV (Work in Progress). (1st Draft 2014) Blanket permission is granted by the author to researchers to extract information from this publication for their personal use in accordance with the generally accepted definition of fair use laws. Otherwise, the following applies: All rights reserved. No part of this publication, an original work by the authors, may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the author. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. This information is provided on an "as is" basis without condition apart from making an acknowledgement of authorship. Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Airfields Bulgaria Introduction Conventions 1. For the purpose of this reference work, “Bulgaria” generally means the territory belonging to the country on 6 April 1941, the date of the German invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia and Greece. The territory occupied and acquired by Bulgaria after that date is not included. 2. All spellings are as they appear in wartime German documents with the addition of alternate spellings where known. Place names in the Cyrillic alphabet as used in the Bulgarian language have been transliterated into the English equivalent as they appear on Google Earth. 3. It is strongly recommended that researchers use the search function because each airfield and place name has alternate spellings, sometimes 3 or 4. -
BRIEF HISTORY of the ROMANIAN PEOPLE Romania Has Its Unique Culture, Which Is the Product of Its Geography and of Its Distinct H
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE Romania has its unique culture, which is the product of its geography and of its distinct historical evolution. Like Romanians themselves, it is fundamentally defined as the meeting point of three regions: Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, but cannot be truly included in any of them. The Romanian identity formed on a substratum of mixed Roman and quite possibly Dacian elements, with many other influences. During late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the major influences came from the Slavic peoples who migrated and settled in near Romania; from medieval Greeks, and the Byzantine Empire; from a long domination by the Ottoman Empire; from the Hungarians; and from the Germans living in Transylvania. Modern Romanian culture emerged and developed over roughly the last 250 years under a strong influence from Western culture, particularly French , and German culture. The Romanian literature began to truly evolve with the revolutions of 1848 and the union of the two Danubian Principalities in 1859. The Origin of the Romanians began to be discussed and in Transylvania and Romanian scholars began studying in France, Italy and Germany. The German philosophy and French culture were integrated into modern Romanian literature and a new elite of artists led to the appearance of some of the classics of the Romanian literature such as Mihai Eminescu, George Coşbuc, Ioan Slavici. Although they remain little known outside Romania, they are very appreciated within Romania for giving birth to a true Romanian literature by creating modern lyrics with inspiration from the old folklore tales. Of them, Eminescu is considered the most important and influential Romanian poet, and is still very much loved for his creations, and especially the poem Luceafărul – The Evening Star – the longest love poem in the world. -
Vladimir Paounovsky
THE B ULGARIAN POLICY TTHE BB ULGARIAN PP OLICY ON THE BB ALKAN CCOUNTRIESAND NN ATIONAL MM INORITIES,, 1878-19121878-1912 Vladimir Paounovsky 1.IN THE NAME OF THE NATIONAL IDEAL The period in the history of the Balkan nations known as the “Eastern Crisis of 1875-1879” determined the international political development in the region during the period between the end of 19th century and the end of World War I (1918). That period was both a time of the consolidation of and opposition to Balkan nationalism with the aim of realizing, to a greater or lesser degree, separate national doctrines and ideals. Forced to maneuver in the labyrinth of contradictory interests of the Great Powers on the Balkan Peninsula, the battles among the Balkan countries for superiority of one over the others, led them either to Pyrrhic victories or defeats. This was particularly evident during the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars (The Balkan War and The Interallied War) and World War I, which was ignited by a spark from the Balkans. The San Stefano Peace Treaty of 3 March, 1878 put an end to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to the treaty, an independent Bulgarian state was to be founded within the ethnographic borders defined during the Istanbul Conference of December 1876; that is, within the framework of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the treaty the only loss for Bulgaria was the ceding of North Dobroujda to Romania as compensa- tion for the return of Bessarabia to Russia. The Congress of Berlin (June 1878), however, re-consid- ered the Peace Treaty and replaced it with a new one in which San Stefano Bulgaria was parceled out; its greater part was put under Ottoman control again while Serbia was given the regions around Pirot and Vranya as a compensation for the occupation of Novi Pazar sancak (administrative district) by Austro-Hun- - 331 - VLADIMIR P AOUNOVSKY gary. -
The Republic of Budjak: Next in Line?
(https://neweasterneurope.eu/) The Republic of Budjak: Next in line? The idea of the Republic of Budjak appeared at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s within the process of a national awakening triggered by perestroika. The republic was supposed to include the localities where Gagauzians and Bulgarians lived in southern Moldova and, in another variant, were also in the neighboring southern part of the Ukrainian Odesa region. No such scenario was realised, however Gagauzians from Moldova managed to create their (separatist) republic that existed till 1994 when their region was granted autonomous status within a unitary state. From time to time, the idea of the Republic of Budjak had returned. January 2, 2015 - Marcin Kosienkowski (https://neweasterneurope.eu/post-author/marcin-kosienkowski/) - Articles and Commentary (https://neweasterneurope.eu/category/articles-and-commentary-50/) Crucially, it was highlighted in a November 2014 report (http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21637415-little-known-place- interests-both-ukraine-and-russia-towards-unknown-region?fsrc=scn/tw_ec/towards_the_unknown_region) by Kyiv-based “Da Vinci AG” Analytic Group because of the Russian-Ukrainian conict, attracting the attention of some mainstream newspapers such as Nezavisimaya gazeta (http://www.ng.ru/cis/2014-11-27/1_kiev.html) and The Economist (http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21637415-little-known-place-interests-both-ukraine-and-russia-towards-unknown-region? fsrc=scn/tw_ec/towards_the_unknown_region). Bessarabia spring of 2015 The “Da Vinci AG” Analytic Group warns in its report that the Republic of Budjak could be established in the spring of 2015. It would be rather called the Bessarabian People’s Republic, alluding to the already existing peoples’ republics of Donetsk and Luhansk, and it would not be limited just to Gagauzians and Bulgarians, encompassing the whole southern part of the Odesa region. -
Page | 1 FINAL REPORT June 2019 Project Financed By
P a g e | 1 ENI – European Neighbourhood Instrument (NEAR) Agreement reference No ENPI/2014/354-587 Increased opportunities and better living conditions across the Nistru/Dniestr River FINAL REPORT June 2019 Project financed by the European Union Final Report Support to Confidence Building Measures, 15 March 2015-31 December 2018 – submitted by UNDP Moldova 1 P a g e | 2 Project Title: Support to Confidence Building Measures Starting date: 15 March 2015 Report end date: 31 December 2018 Implementing agency: UNDP Moldova Country: Republic of Moldova Increased opportunities and better living conditions across the Nistru/Dniestr River ENPI/2014/354-587 Final Report (15 March 2015 - 31 December 2018) – submitted by UNDP Moldova P a g e | 3 Table of Contents I. SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 4 II. CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................ 6 III. PROGRESS UPDATE ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................................................... 7 3.2 EMPOWERED COMMUNITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT ....................................................................................... 8 IV. KEY RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................... -
Ayaş'in Xix.Yüzyil Ortalarinda Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Yapisi
AYAŞ’IN XIX.YÜZYIL ORTALARINDA SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK YAPISI ÜZERİNE TESPİTLER VE SONUÇLAR Şennur ŞENEL-Ali Fuat KARAMAN Özet Bu çalışmada Ankara iline bağlı Ayaş kazasının 19. yüzyıl ortalarındaki sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı, döneme ait temettuat defterleri kullanılarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın metodunu oluşturan ana unsur, Türk Tarih Kurumu çatısı altında 1995–2000 yılları arasında yapılan Tüsoktar projesi kapsamında yer alan çalışmada oluşturulmuş veri tabanı sistemidir. Bu sistem kullanılarak Ayaş’a ait temettuat defterlerindeki veriler, söz konusu veri tabanına girilmiş ve daha sonra sorgulanmıştır. Sonuçta elde edilen rakamlar, gerek temettuat verileriyle ilgilenen araştırmacılar, gerekse genel itibariyle Osmanlı sosyal ve ekonomi tarihi ile ilgilenen akademisyenlerin bilgilerine sunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede başlıklar altında incelediğimiz konular şu şekildedir: Kazanın 19.yüzyıl ikinci yarısındaki idari yapısı ve yerleşim düzeni, aynı dönemde kazanın nüfusuna ait tespitler, çalışma hayatı ve buna bağlı olarak gelir dağılımı ile taşınır ve taşınmaz mülklerin nüfusa göre dağılımları, kazada yapılan hayvancılık. Nihai olarak da bütün bu gelir kalemlerine bağlı olarak kazanın Osmanlı vergi düzenindeki yeri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar kelimleler: Ayaş (Ankara), Osmanlı sosyal ve ekonomik hayatı(19. yüzyıl) , temettuat defterleri. Findings and Conclutions on the Socio-Economic Structure of the Town of Ayaş (Ayasch) in the Midst of 19th Century Absract This study puts before you the socio-economic structure of the town of Ayaş, appertaining to Ankara city, in the midst of 19th century following a perusal over the inventories about the collected taxes on the earnings of people in that time. The main element that formulates the method of this study is the database system that was created in the framework of Tüsoktar Project that was carried out by the Turkish Historical Society (TTK) in the years between 1995 and 2000. -
The Geodemographical Characterization of the Rural Settlements in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova
The Geodemographical Characterization of the Rural Settlements in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova V. G. Fomenko, E. V. Constantinov, A. V. Crivenco Transnistrian University, Tiraspol, Republic of Moldova Introduction The contemporary network of the rural localities of Transnistria is made up of 147 localities, which are situated irregularly on the territory of the region. The average density of the rural population is about 1.5 thousand inhabitants. The largest villages are situated in the Slobozia district, where the average density of the population is 3,8 thousand inhabitants. The lowest average density is represented by the Ribnitsa district with 0.7 thousand inhabitants. The density of the rural localities varies between 6,0 localitites in the Dubossari district and 2,5 villages in the Slobozia district. Characteristic Featute of the Region On the whole a characteristic featute of the region is the descrease of the density of rural localities in the northern part in favour of the southern part. Thus a regularity may be observed - the more populous the rural localities are the lower density is marked and vice versa. The density, the topographical, genetical and functional type of the rural localities are changed under the influence of configuration and density of the hydrographical network, the relief division, the direction of the geodemographical and settlement processes, the structural and territorial shifts in the economy of the region - specially the agro-industrial complexes. As a result of the deep productive specialization of the rural settlements the hierarchial subordination becomes more complex through the enlargement of the intercommunication between the localities. -
Pax Britannica and the Anti-Systemic Movement of Viceroy Mehmet Ali Pasha of Egypt
PAX BRITANNICA AND THE ANTI-SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT OF VICEROY MEHMET ALI PASHA OF EGYPT A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY OKYANUS AKIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DECEMBER 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Oktay Tanrısever Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Çınar Özen (Ankara Uni., IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Okyanus Akın Signature: iii ABSTRACT PAX BRITANNICA AND THE ANTI-SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT OF VICEROY MEHMET ALI PASHA OF EGYPT Akın, Okyanus M.S., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Fatih Tayfur December 2019, 234 pages The Pax Britannica, as a system, defined the political-economy of the nineteenth century. -
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Ulud. Uniu. Zir. Fak. Derg. , (1986) 5: 19-26 GENERAL ASPECT OF HORTICULTURE IN BURSA Atilla ERİŞ* Vedat ŞEN1Z * * Arif SOYLU*** SUM MARY Bursa has a special place in Turkey from the horticultural point of uiew. Fruit species such as oliue, peach, grcıp e , apple, plum, pear, cherry, walnut, chest niıt, fig, strawberry and quince and almost all summer and w in ter uegetable specieı that haue important additiues to total production of Turkey are grown in this uicinity extensiuely. Vegetable species such as tomato, bean, pepper and pea whiciı especially processedin industry, and o nion are produced much than others. In this study, current aspect of horticulture in Bursa prouince was identi{ied; and its economic dimensions and technical problems were explained. ÖZET bursa 'da Bahçe Bitkileri Tanınının Genel Durumu Bahçe bitkileri yetiştiriciliğ i açısından Bursa 'nın Türkiye 'de özel bir yeri uar dır. Yörede Türkiye toplam üretimine önemli katkıları olan zeytin, şeftali, üzüm, elmd, erik, armut, kiraz, ceuiz, k eıtan e , incir, çilek ue ayua gibi meyue türleri ile he men hemen tüm yazlık ue kışlık sebze türleri çok yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Sebzelerden bilha11a sanayide çok iş lene n domates, fasulye, biber, bezelye gibi türler ile soğan · diğ erlerinde n daha da fazla üretilmektedir. Bu çalış mada bahçe bitkilerinin Bursa y ö reıind eki m eucut durumu tan ı tıl mış , ekonomik boyutları ue belirlenen sorunları açıklanmı ş tır. INTRODUCTION It is seldom to find regions which are suitable to horticulture at various alti tutes from sea level up to 2.000 m in the world. Bursa has an important place among these regions having about 1.104.301 ha agricultural area according to the recent statistics (Anonymous 1983 c). -
Stratejik Planı İndirin
2015 - 2019 YILI STRATEJİK PLANI ve PERFORMANS PROGRAMI 1 BAŞKAN’IN SUNUŞU Karacabey Belediye Meclisi’nin değerli üyeleri; Tarımı, Ovası, Ticaret ve Sanayisi, denizi, tarihi ve kültürü ile birçok şehirden daha güzel imkânlara sahip olan Karacabey’imiz Türkiye’nin nadide bir ilçesidir. Bu Yeni dönemde siz değerli meclis üyelerimiz ile beraber Karacabey’e hizmet etmenin onurunu birlikte yaşayacağız. Değerli Arkadaşlar; Karacabey için bu dönemde tüm projelerimizi halkımızla, sivil toplum örgütleri ile istişare ederek gerçekleştirmek ana hedefimiz olacaktır. Birlikte gerçekleştirilen projelerin daha doğru ve faydalı olacağına yürekten inanıyorum. Bir elin nesi var iki elin sesi var atasözünde anlatıldığı gibi birlik ve beraberlik içerisinde Karacabey’imizi daha güzel, daha yaşanabilir ve daha konforlu bir kent haline getireceğimize inancım tamdır. Değerli Meclis Üyelerimiz bu stratejik planı hazırlarken toplumun her kesimi ile buluştuk. Herkesin fikrini sorduk, önerisini dinledik. Muhtarlardan, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına, meslek odalarından üniversiteye kadar herkesle görüştük. “Karacabey’in durumu nedir?”, “Nasıl bir Karacabey istiyoruz?” ve “Bunları nasıl yapacağız?” sorularına cevap aradık. Belediyemizin kurumsal yapısının geliştirilmesi, mali yapının güçlendirilmesi, tarihi ve kültürel mirasın korunması, denetimler, sosyal hizmetler, ulaşım ve trafik sorunları, imar ve planlamalar ile ilgili çalışmalar yaptık. Yıllık hedeflerimizi ve bütçe programlarını belirledik. Katılımcı yönetim anlayışı ile hazırladığımız bu plan ile kendimize beş -
During the Second World War
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR _______________StK______________ SK MARSHALL LEE MILLER Stanford University Press STANFORD, CALIFORNIA I 975 Stanford University Press Stanford, California © 1975 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America is b n 0-8047-0870-3 LC 74-82778 To my grandparents Lee and Edith Rankin and Evelyn Miller Preface SOS h e p o l it ic a l history of modern Bulgaria has been greatly ne T glected by Western scholars, and the important period of the Second World War has hardly been studied at all. The main reason for this has no doubt been the difficulty of obtaining documentary material on the wartime period. Although the Communist regime of Bulgaria has published a large number of books and monographs dealing with the country’s role in the war, these works have been concerned mostly with magnifying the importance of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) and the partisan struggle. Despite this bias, useful information can be found in these works when other sources are available to provide perspective and verification. Within recent years, German, American, British, and other diplo matic and intelligence reports from the wartime years have become available, and the easing of travel restrictions in Bulgaria has facili tated research there. As recently as 1958, when the doctoral thesis of Marin V. Pundeff was presented (“Bulgaria’s Place in Axis Policy, 1936-1944”), there was very little material on the period after June 1941. It is now possible to fill in many of the important gaps in our knowledge of Bulgaria during the entire war. -
Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.