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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Penaeid Prawn Metapenaeus

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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Penaeid Prawn Metapenaeus Fisheries Re fIorts No. 57, VoL 4 FRm/R57.4 (Tri) PFOc: EINGS F THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON THE PIOLOGY AN CULTURE OF SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS ACTES D LA CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIQUE MONDIALE SUR LA BIOLOGIE ET L'ÉLEVAGE DES CREVETTES ACTAS DE LA CONFERENCIA CIENTIFICA MUNDIAL SOBRE OLOGIA Y CULTWO DE CAMARONES Y GAMBAS Mexico City, Mexico, 12-21 June 1967 Mexico (Mexique), 12-21 juin 1967 Ciudad de México, México, 12-21 junio 1967 j V A FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS F4 0 ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE ORGANIZACION DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA AGRICULTURA Y LA ALIMENTACION 47 ? ROME, 1970 l539 FAO LIBRARY AN: 115087 FRm/8104 FAO Fiaheriee Synopsis No.]04 SAST - Prawn SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE PENAEID PRAWN Metapenaeus monooeros (Fabrioius,1798) Exposé synoptique sur la biologie de Metapenaeus rnon000ros (Fabrioius,1798) Sinopsis sobrs la biologia dei etapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius,1798) prepared by MJ GEORGEAI Centrai Marine Fisheries Research Institute Mandapam Camp, India J Present address, Indian Ocean Biological Centre, PO Box 1913, Ernakulain, Coohinl8, India - 1541 - 1I'Rm/S104 L monooex'os i CONTENTS i IDENTITY 1.1Ta:onomv 1,).,l Definition i 1,1,2Description i 1,2 Nomenclature 4 1.2.1Valid scientific nanee 4 1.2,2 Synonyms 4 1.2.3Standard common names, vernacular names 5 1.3General variability 5 1,3.1Subspeoifio fragmen-tation (races, varieties, hybrida) 5 1,3,2 Genetic data (chromosome number, protein speoifioity) * 2 DISTRIBUTION 2:1 2,1 De1imiLaion of the total area of disi-ibution and ocelo mal characterization of this area i 2,2 Differential distribution 2,2,1 Areas occupied by eggs, larvae and other Junior stages: annual variations in thèse patterns, and seasonal variations for stages persisting over two or more seasons i 2.2,2 Areas occupied by adult stages: seasonal and annual variations of these i 2,3Behaviou.rlstio and ecolo bal determinants of the amoral limit of dmstributioii and of the variations of these limits and of differential distribution 1 3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY 3:1 3,1 Reproduction i 3,1.1 Sexuality (herreapliroditism, heterosexuality-, intersexuality) 3.1.2 Maturity (age and size) * 3,1,3Mating (monogamous, polygamous, promiscuous) 3.1,4 Fertilization (internal, external) 3.1.5 Fecundity * 3,1.6 Spawning 3,1.7 Spawning grounds 3,1.8 Egg: structure, size9 hatching type, parasites, and predators * 3.2 Larval history 3.2.1 A000un-b of embryonic and juvenile life (prelarva, larva, postlarva, juvenile) i ¡7This synopsis ham been prepared according to Outline Vormion No, i (H. Rome, Jr., FAO Fish. (1) Rev,l, 1965). -1542 - il /3104 L monocero. PaRe No. 3.3Adult htntor 3t1 3.3,1Longevity i Sardinen,, 3.3.2 e i 303.3 Competi torn 3.3.4Predatore 3.305 Paraeiteo and dioeasen 4,, 3.3,6Greateat zize i 3,4Nutrition and growth 32 3.4.1Feeding (time, plaoo,manner, zeason) * 3.4.2Food (type, volume) 2 3.4.3Relative and abeolute growth pattern. and ratee 2 3.4.4Relation of growth to feeding to other sotivittee, and to environmental factor. * 3.5Behaviour 2 3.5,1Migration and local movement. 2 3.5.2 Schooling * 3.5.3Reproductive habitee 4 POPULATION (STOCK) 4,1 4,1 Structura i 4.1.1 Sex ratio i 4.1.2 Age compoettion i 4.1.3 Size oompoeition i 4.2 Size and d.enzit * 4.2.1 Average niza 4.2.2 Change n in niza 4.2.3Avara dennity 4.2.4 Changez in denaity Natallt and recruitment 4,3 i Natality 4.3.1 1 4.3.2 Natality ratez * 4,4Morta1&t-1 morbidi * 4.4.1 Raten of mortality 4.4.2 Faotors or oonditionn affecting mortality 404,3 Factor, or condition,, affecting morbidity 40404 Relation of morbidity to mortality rate. 4,5 Dynamic, of populationI4 4,6Relation qfpopu1ation to qommunity nd ecoayetem, blob ical production etc * 5 1XPLOIPATION 51 5,1Fiehin equipment i 5.1.1 Fiahing gear 5.1.2 Fiehing boato I i -1543 FRin/S104 M, monoceros iii Page No., 5.2Fishing areas 5.2.1General geographio distribution 5.2.2Geographical ranges (latitudes, distances from coast, ato.) 5.2,3Depth rana 5.3Fishing seasons 1 5.3.1 General pattern of' f ishing season 1 5.3.2Duration of fishing season* 5,3.3Dates of beginning, peak and end of season i 5.3.4Variation in time or duration of fishing season 1 5.3,5 Fao-tora affeoting fishing season 2. 5,4Fishing operations ana results 52 5.4,1Bffort and intensity 2 5.4.2 Selectivity 5.4,3 Catches 2 5,5Fisheries mann amont and re lations 2 5,6Fish farmin, tra s.lantinand other intervention 2 6 REFERENCES 6,1 * As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text. -1544 -, F1bejSÛj N. conoceros 1:1 1 IDENTITY postorbital groove ranchia1 region defined (i) anteriorly, by deep and narrow cresoen.tio 1.1 Taxonomy groove (anterior par-t of oervical groove) which embraces base of postantennular ridge aoci meebe 1,11 Definition poatantennulargroove, (ii) mupariorly, by si- Phylum Arthropoda nuous ridge which is most distinct In postor.Lor Cimas Cruatacea half and x'uns from hepatio spine almoot to poe-. Subclass Malacoetraoa tenor border of carapace, Serie o Eumalacostraca Superordor Eucerida Dorsal carina on 2nd to 6th abdominal Order Deoapoda terga, usually let also, blunt and incon- Suborder Natantia spicuous on (let) 2nd and 3rd, very sharp Section Penmeidea on 4th to 6th, Fifth abdominal eomite about Family Penaoidae two-thirds length of 6th, 6th a little chor-tor Subfamily Penaoinae than telson. Telson shorter than endopod. of Genua Metapenmeus Wood-Mason, uropod; without marginal spines, 1891 Species Metapanmeus moiooeros Eyes very large, slightly surpassed by (Fabricius,1798) antennalscale, Guter (upper) antennular fla- gellum slightly longer than Inner, not much 1,1.2 Desoription more than half length of peduncle. Generic Third maxillipeds barely reach middle of dactylue in male not modified, Genus Motapenmeus Wood-Maeon, in Wood- antennalscale: Mason and Aloock, 1891, Ann.Mag.nat,Hist., (6) consists of slender, setose, tapering joint, Strong 8271, Type species by original designation: about four-fifthe length of propodus, anterior spine on basis of each ohelipeci, Penaeus aff joie H. Milos Edwards, 1837. Gender: masculine, Last pair of thoracio loge of adult male with proximal end of menus notched. on outer side, A detailed description of the genus is notch deepened anteriorly by large hook-like giVen in the Speciea Synopsis on Metapenmeus spine, and posteriorly by subterminal lobule affinisby George (1970). The following on posterior border of ischium, &ige of morue characters distinguish it from other genera finely denticulate beyond srine, Three termi- of the Penasinas, nal joints of5thlogs slender In both soxee the dactylue rarely reaches such beyond middle Rostrum with dorsal teeth only. Carapace of antennal scalo. No exopods on the 5-tb legst without longitudinal or transverse sutures or (Fig. i), lateral keule, Doreal keel on 4th-6th abdoin- thai segments; lateral keels on 6th segment Petasma symmetrical, consists of 2 rigid discontinuous and inconspicuous. Teleon eegaents tightly folded longitudinally, inter- grooved, not trifid, No oxopoci on 3rd max- locked. all along anterior margins, in close illiped or 5th pereiopod. apposition along most of poeterior margins, Speoifio forming compressed -tubo; tube ends distally in pair of large gargoyles with posterior lips caum conoceros (Fabrictua, 1798) convoluted. like mouth of persoate corolla (Fig. 2), iee t,e material cannot be traced and muet b conidered ioet The]ycum concavo, hounded laterally by Typs locality: In Oceuno Indico", pain of ear.-].ike lobos with free edge often (probably near Tranquebar, S. India), inourved., bounded. anteriorly by median pro- jecting tooiie embedded.between2 lobes of The following description is adapted from sternum corresponding with penultimate pair Aloock (1906), of legs (Fig,3), Rody covered with stiff, very short to- Semitransparent, clossiy corered. with mentum,Rostrumnearly straight, uptiltod, small red ohrosatophoroo dorsal carina of r000bin a'l, to, or a little beyond, tip of antosnuar jnc.iiuiols; armed dorsally with9 to carapaco,rostrum, bases of eyes-talks, dorsal 12 ÚOb. ?sroatral crest continued to, or abdominal oaninae and oarinae cf tebeo and. uropode dull red; antennae bright red; first almost to, pc2erior border of carapace, An- terolatei:1 lea ut' carapace broadly rounded 2 :Logs colciinboes; last 3 logs with numerous rod chromatophores; setae of uropode golden off, Ve : l 1ont000jar(orbital) tooth, red; outer uropod bright red along external Postantennu, :. (antennal) spine atrong, pro- dud as ridgc to baaa of emaIl hcpatto spine; margin (Kemp, 1915). According to Alisad ridge bounding well nia'kcjd poctantannular (1957),body is flesh--coloured with pigment sparsely distributed, thickly covered. with groove which meets ce"'real groove. Gaetrio x'egion defined anteriorly by short oblique brown dote: spots also preaoot on flagella - 1545 - 12 FRm/S104 M. mon000ro Pig. i Metapenaeua monoceros, duib malo, lateral view. Fig. 2Petasma oÍ adult male, Fig. 3Thelycum of adult female. 1546 - P. re00000ros l 3 ac tho.vaoie legs, Joubert (1965) described distal pair of slightly larger spinulos; 'bc1' so white? covered with dark brown spe- distolateral potassai projections direct- ckloo, od outwards; apioai filaments of disto- median projections slender,slightlyeon- Artificial key to the epeoies of Mots- verging; thelycum with a large anterior (Modifiod from Reoek and Dall (1965)) and small lateral plates ............ , M,brevicornia (R.Mjlne wards) Telson armed with 3 or 4 pairs of cons- lecHal spine on ist pereiopod much picuouc spines. .,............ .........2 smaller than basial spine; telson usually r:toon armed with a singlo row of very with 2 distal pairs of slightly larger inute uobiie spinulos, with or without spinules; distolateral petasmal projec- l..2 ostra of somewhat larger distal tions pointing anteriorly; apical fila- '04 mente of distomedian projections lobe..
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