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HCMR TEYXOS 5 Ergasia Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 10/1, 2009, 25-34 Studies on the allometric growth of the caramote prawn Melicertus kerathurus (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in Western Greece (E. Mediterranean) K. KAPIRIS and A. CONIDES Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, 47o km Athens-Sounio, Mavro Lithari P.O. Box 712, 19013, Anavissos, Attica, Greece e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The relative growth of eleven body parts (carapace length, height, width, abdominal length, height and width, rostral length and telson length) of males and females of the caramote prawn Melicertus kerathurus was studied in samples from the Amvrakikos Gulf (Western Greece, E. Mediterranean). In addition to this, the relative growth of the length and the maximum width – and consequently the surface - of the appendix masculina of males was also studied. In general, both sexes showed similar patterns of relative growth. How- ever, the females’ body appendages were significantly greater than those of the males. A negative allometry of escaping appendages (telson), abdomen (related to the metabolic processes, rapid locomotion and repro- duction), rostrum, appendix masculina (related to mating and sperm transfer) and carapace height and width was found in both sexes. The biometric studies in this species in the central and western Mediterranean are in agreement with those from the eastern part of the basin, suggesting that all the populations through- out the Mediterranean could be considered as uniform. Keywords: Caramote prawn; µiometry; Relative growth; Western Greece. Introduction In Greece the species is isolated in the Amvrakikos Gulf (Western Greece), The caramote prawn Melicertus while smaller populations insufficient to kerathurus (FORSKA L, 1775) is a native support a target fishery can be found species in the Mediterranean Sea and the along the Ionion Sea coast of Greece and East Atlantic, from Portugal to Angola, and the North Aegean Sea (from the Gulf of lives in sandy-mud bottoms up to depths of Thermaikos to Alexandroupolis, ANON, about 80 m. It is extensively fished in all the 2001). It is commonly accepted that scien- Mediterranean inshore waters and has been tific knowledge of the coastal ecosystems considered for aquaculture in the Mediter- is still limited. In the case of a closed gulf, ranean since 1970 (LUMARE, 1976). such as the Amvrakikos Gulf, pollution Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/1, 2009, 25-34 25 and the other coastal human activities Despite the fact that the major aspects apply significant stress to the population of the biology of this species in the of the native prawn, M. kerathurus Amvrakikos Gulf have recently been pub- (N.C.M.R., 1989). The isolation of the lished (CONIDES et al., 2006; 2008, species population in the Amvrakikos KEVREKIDES & THESSALOU-LE- Gulf, combined with the fact that this pop- GAKI, 2006; KARANI et al., 2005), this is ulation has been relatively little studied the first attempt to study the morphometric and is considered as the most valuable profile of both sexes of M. kerathurus indi- commercial product in the region, makes viduals on a seasonal basis, and to discuss the need for a thorough study imperative. any possible significant differences, com- Allometry describes how an animal paring the results with similar studies organism changes in shape and propor- obtained in the Mediterranean basin. tion as it grows (PETERS, 1983). The Moreover, this is the first study concerning allometric analyses, or relative growth the appendix masculina of the caramote patterns, of various decapod crustaceans prawn. This is an accessory male organ, have been studied widely and these can fully developed in adult males, located provide a good technique to elucidate the medially on the second pair of pleopods relationships between processes of growth (WILLIAMS, 1984) and, with the petasma, and evolution (BLACKSTONE, 1987). helps in sperm transfer and copulation Morphological variation studies within (BAUER, 1986). Many stock assessment and among penaeid species in the wild models require the input of morphometric began only over 35 years ago for purposes measurements that could play a vital part of fishery management and taxonomic in fisheries’ conservation (PEZZACK & purposes. Penaeid shrimps differ in a vari- GUTT, 1998). This paper could be an ini- ety of morphological characteristics that tial hypothesis for further investigation are the expression of genetic differences regarding the morphometric structure of among them (LESTER & PANTE, 1992). the caramote prawn in the Mediterranean Notwithstanding that many biological basin and aims at elucidating its population aspects of this penaeid are already known, structure and management strategies. data from biometric studies of M. kerathu- rus are scarce, from the Central (SE Ital- Material and Methods ian coast, LUMARE et al., 1993, E. Tunisia, BEN MARIEM, 1995) and The Amvrakikos Gulf is located on the Western Mediterranean (RODR GUEZ, west coast of Central Greece between 1987). The only study concerning its mor- 38Æ55' and 39Æ05' N and 20Æ45' and 21Æ10' phometry in the E. Mediterranean refers E. It covers an area of 530 kmÇ with a max- to the comparative pattern of taxonomic imum length of 35 km and maximum width relationships and the morphological of 20 km. The maximum depth of the gulf divergence of three shrimps, M. kerathurus is approximately 58 m and is connected with included, in samples collected from the open sea (the Ionian Sea) through a nar- Turkey (AKTAS et al., 2006). According row channel located on the west side. The- to this study M. kerathurus is a taxon clos- re are 2 rivers; the Louros and Arachthos, er to Penaeus semisulcatus, than Metape- which outflow into the gulf area from the naeus monoceros. north, creating a complex habitat that sus- 26 Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/1, 2009, 25-34 tains aquatic ecosystems locally. Most of 1.2 m (0.8-2 m). Nets were deployed at the fisheries’ production of the Amvra- depths ranging from 1 to 15 m at angles in kikos area originates from four lagoons in relation to the coastline, depending on the the northern part (ANANIADIS, 1984) but local morphology and recommendations pollution (agriculture chemicals) and the from experienced fishermen. Specimens management of freshwater flows for irriga- were kept on ice until transported to the tion have caused a dramatic deterioration laboratory. There they were stored in a in water quality and decrease in landings. freezer at -20ÆC until they were measured. Individuals of M. kerathurus were col- A total of 2264 females and 3295 lected in the frame of an experimental males were measured using calipers to the fishery project organized on a monthly nearest 0.01 mm. To avoid bias due to basis during the period 2000-2001 (11 measuring procedures, the same person monthly samplings, there is a month’s clo- always took the measurements. Eight sure for the fishery during July) from the morphometric characteristics were meas- Amvrakikos Gulf (Western Greece, Fig. ured on each specimen (Fig. 2). They 1). The prawns were caught using tradi- were: carapace length (CL), carapace tional, static bottom trammel nets, with 22 height (CH), carapace width (CW), mm internal mesh and 110 mm external abdominal length, height and width (AL, mesh. The length of the net averaged 1000 AH, AW, respectively), rostral length (R) m (800-1500 m), and the height was about and telson length (T). In addition to this, Fig. 1: Map of the sampling area and the depth range of the sampling stations of M. kerathurus in the Amvrakikos Gulf. Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/1, 2009, 25-34 27 Fig. 2: Morphometric measurements taken on M. kerathurus CL: carapace length (CL), carapace height (CH), carapace width (CW), abdominal length, height and width (AL, AH, AW, respectively), rostral length (R) and telson length (T). the length and the maximum width of the sis for the scaling relationship between the appendix masculina (AMl and AMw two-morphometric parameters. The pat- respectively) of 682 males were measured tern of allometry for each parameter was under a WILD microscope equipped with established by testing the slope (b) of the a calibrated ocular micrometer. Since obtained regression equations against their shape is triangular, the formula for isometry (Ho: b=1) applying the Student's the triangle area was used to calculate t-test. The Kruskall-Wallis test (ZAR, their surface [AMsu = (AMw x AMl) / 2]. 1984) was used to identify possible differ- Since carapace length appeared to be ences in time, at the 95.0% confidence minimally affected by growth variations level. The Mann-Whitney test was applied and sexual maturation (LOVETT & as a non-parametric test to compare inde- FELDER, 1989), this measurement was pendent samples, at the 95.0% confidence considered as the independent variable for level (SOKAL & ROHLF, 1981). all relationships performed. The relation- ship between all measurements vs. CL was Results investigated for each sex separately using the multiplicative model Y = aXb, where Y Mean sizes and standard deviations of and X are the morphological dimensions all female appendages were larger than and a, b the regression constants. The rela- those of males throughout the sampling tionships obtained were log-transformed to period (Mann–Whitney and Kolmogorov the form logY = log a + b log X. Log trans- tests, P<0.0). The only exception was the formation was preferred in order to better rostral length, since no statistically signifi- satisfy the assumptions of regression analy- cant difference was observed between the sis (SOKAL & ROHLF, 1981). This allows medians of both sexes (Mann-Whitney test, a single value to be derived from the analy- P>0.05). In the study area, all the meristic 28 Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/1, 2009, 25-34 characters proved to be statistically signifi- females are illustrated in Figure 3. In Fig- cantly different in both sexes over the sea- ure 4 the morphometric relationships sons (Kruskal-Wallis, in all cases P<0.01).
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