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Metapenaeus Monoceros (Fabricius, 1798)

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Metapenaeus Monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene Classe Malacostraca Metapenaeus monoceros Ordine Decapoda (Fabricius, 1798) Famiglia Penaeidae SINONIMI RILEVANTI Penaeopsis monoceros Balss, 1927 protozoea (pz) zoea (z) DESCRIZIONE COROLOGIA / AFFINITA’ Tropicale e sub-tropicale. Corpo ricoperto da una sottile e fitta peluria. Rostro con 9-12 denti nel margine superiore. Cresta post-rostrale arrotondata, bordata da leggere DISTRIBUZIONE ATTUALE scanalature ed estesa fino al margine posteriore del Dal Mar Rosso alla Malesia, incluso Ceylon e carapace. Telson scanalato in posizione mediana; Madagascar distalmente bordato da piccole spine mobili. Primo pereiopode con spina su basis e ischio, pereiopodi 2 e 3 con spina solo sul basis. Nei maschi, margine PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE IN MEDITERRANEO ventrale del mero del quinto pereiopode con un 1924 in Egitto (Balss, 1927) incavo seguito da una spina prominente ed una serie di tubercoli in posizione prossimale. Petasma PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE IN ITALIA simmetrico, semichiuso, depresso. Thelycum chiuso, con una lamina anteriore allungata, - profondamente incisa, lamine laterali con margini rialzati e prominenti. ORIGINE Oceano Indiano Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene COLORAZIONE VIE DI DISPERSIONE PRIMARIE Corpo grigio pallido con cromatofori puntiformi Probabile migrazione lessepsiana attraverso il marrone scuro. Margini del rostro, antenne, Canale di Suez. margini laterali del carapace e margine posteriore dei segmenti addominali color oro. Creste dorsali VIE DI DISPERSIONE SECONDARIE degli ultimi tre segmenti addominali bruno- rossastre. Flagelli antennali e margini laterali degli - uropodi rosso-arancio. STATO DELL ’INVASIONE FORMULA MERISTICA Non nativo. Abbondante nel mar di Levante. - TAGLIA MASSIMA MOTIVI DEL SUCCESSO Lunghezza totale massima 150 mm nei maschi, 200 mm nelle femmine. Sconosciuti STADI LARVALI SPECIE IN COMPETIZIONE (PROTOZOEA) - PZ1-PZ3. Rostro assente, 1 paio di corte spine IMPATTI sopra organi frontali, in PZ1; rostro lungo circa ½ A1 con ai lati, in PZ2-PZ3, 1 cortissimo processo - appuntito. SO a punta semplice (PZ2-PZ3). 1 DANNI ECOLOGICI setola apicale di A1 lunga circa 2 volte A1. A2: 1+2+3 setole interne su endo, 10+2 setole su eso. 1 - spina dorso-mediana su MA1-5 e 1 paio di spine postero-laterali su MA5, in PZ3. Telson con 7+7 DANNI ECONOMICI setole. Uropodi: 6 setole su eso, 0 su endo (PZ3). - LT [mm]: 0.83 (PZ1), 1.69 (PZ3). IMPORTANZA PER L ’UOMO (ZOEA ) Nel Mediterraneo orientale ha contribuito Z1-Z6. Rostro oltrepassa gli occhi. Carapace con all’aumento delle risorse di pesca locali. margini antero-ventrali lisci; SP e spine antennali Rappresenta una delle specie maggiormente sfruttate presenti, 1 (Z2) o 2 (Z3) spine mediane dietro il (principalmente dalla pesca artigianale) in India, rostro. 1 spina dorso-mediana su MA5-6, 1 spina nelle coste orientali africane e del Madagascar e, in ventro-mediana su MA6. Uropodi: eso con 11 e 16 minor misura, nel Mar Rosso. Assume un’elevata setole, endo con 10 e 15 setole, rispettivamente in importanza commerciale in Egitto, Israele e Turchia Z1 e Z3. Telson con 7+7 setole. dove è oggetto di pesca e dove vengono studiate LT [mm]: 2.4 (Z1), 3.15 (Z6). condizioni sperimentali per eventuali sviluppi in acquacoltura. Introdotto per acquacoltura in alcuni SPECIE SIMILI laghi salati egiziani. PER GLI STADI LARVALI (PROTOZOEA ) Melicertus kerathurus ; Parapenaeus longirostris . BANCA DEI CAMPIONI CARATTERI DISTINTIVI - PER GLI STADI LARVALI (PROTOZOEA ) Melicertus kerathurus , differente per: SO (a punta bifida in PZ2); setole su endo A2 (1+1+2), setole PRESENZA IN G -BANK - su telson (7+7, in PZ1-PZ3); setole uropodi (5 su eso, 2 su endo). PROVENIENZA DEL CAMPIONE Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene Parapenaeus longirostris : differente per: setole su TIPOLOGIA : (MUSCOLO / ESEMPLARE INTERO / endo A2 (0+2+2) e su eso A2 (11+2); setole CONGELATO / FISSATO ECC ) uropodi (6 su eso, 3 su endo). LUOGO DI CONSERVAZIONE PER GLI STADI LARVALI (ZOEA ) CODICE CAMPIONE Melicertus kerathurus , differente per: spina dorso- mediana (su MA2-6 in Z1, su MA3-6 in Z2, su MA4-6 in Z3); setole su uropodi (eso 16 e 21, endo 11 e 15 in Z1, Z3). HABITAT Specie eurialina. Vive su fondali di diversa natura: fangosi, siltosi e sabbio-fangosi fino a 70 metri di profondità (GEORGE, 1970). Gli adulti si distribuiscono perlopiù al largo, mentre le forme giovanili migrano verso acque più costiere ove si accrescono; queste ultime sono spesso presenti in estuari, lagune e mangrovie. PARTICOLARI CONDIZIONI AMBIENTALI Sconosciute. BIOLOGIA Specie eurialina. Vive su fondali di diversa natura: fangosi, siltosi e sabbio-fangosi fino a 70 metri di profondità. Gli adulti si distribuiscono perlopiù al largo, mentre le forme giovanili migrano verso acque più costiere ove si accrescono; queste ultime sono spesso presenti in estuari, lagune e mangrovie. Tuttavia, in Mediterraneo orientale, le forme giovanili sembrano preferire acque a normale salinità marina (39-40 ppt), piuttosto che acque salmastre. L’alimentazione della specie è costituita principalmente da altri crostacei di piccole dimensioni (copepodi, misidacei, tanaidacei, anfipodi e larve di decapodi) e, in minor misura, da vegetali, molluschi e policheti. Si riproduce a partire da una taglia pari a 11 cm (lunghezza totale). Sono stati osservati, in India, alcuni casi di ipomorfismo ovarico. Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene BIBLIOGRAFIA Abdel-Razek F.A. 1992 – Biological observations on the introduced prawns in Lake Quarun (Egypt). Acta Adriat., 33(1-2): 191-197. Balss H. 1927 – Bericht über die Crustacea Decapoda (Natantia und Anomura). Zoological Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal 1924, XIV. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 22: 221-227. Balss H. 1936 – Decapoda (with an appendix, Schizopoda, by C. Zimmer). The Fishery Grounds near Alexandria. VII. Fish. Res. Direct. Notes Mem. Cairo, 15: 1-67. Chandra Mohan P., Rao R.G. & Dehairs F. 1997 – Role of Godavari mangroves (India) in the production and survival of prawn larvae. Hydrobiologia, 358: 317-320. Dall W., Hill B.J., Rothlisberg P.C. & Sharples D.J. 1990 – The biology of the Penaeidae. Advances in Marine Biology, 27: 1-489. Dowidar N. M. & Ramadan S.E. 1976 – Family Penaeidae from the Mediterranean waters of Egypt. 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Gottlieb E. 1953 – Decapod in the collection of the Sea Fisheries Research Station, Caesarea, Israel. Bull. Res. Counc. Israel, 2: 440-441. Gruvel A., 1931 – Les etats de Syrie. Richesses marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle – Avenir. Paris Soc. Ed. Geogr. Marit. Colon. 453 pp. Gurney R., 1927 – Appendix I to the Report on the Crustacea Decapoda (Natantia and Anomura). Zoological Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal 1924, XIV. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 22: 228- 229. Holthuis L.B. 1961 – Report on a collection of Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda from Turkey and the Balkans. Zool. Verhandelingen, 47: 1-67. Holthuis L.B. 1980 – FAO species catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Syn., 125: 1-271. Ivanov B.G. & Hassan A.M. 1976 – Penaeid shrimps (Decapoda, Penaeidae) collected off east Africa by the fishing vessel “Van Gogh”, 1. Solenocera ramadani sp. nov., and commercial species of the genera Penaeus and Metapenaeus. Crustaceana, 30(3): 241-251. Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene Kathiresan K. & Rajendran N. 2002 – Fishery resources and economic gain in three mangrove areas on the south-east coast of India. Fisheries Manag. Ecol., 9: 277-283. Kumlu M., Eroldogan O.T. & Saglamtimur B. 2001a – The effects of salinity and added substrates on growth and survival of Metapenaeus monoceros (Decapoda: Penaeidae) post-larvae. Aquaculture, 196: 177-188. Kumlu M., Eroldogan O.T. & Saglamtimur B. 2001b – Larval growth, survival and development of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) cultured in different salinities. Aquaculture Res., 32: 81-86. Laroche J., Benoely B. & Siaviri A. 1995 – Biologie et pêche traditionnelle des crevettes pénéides dans l’embouchure d’un fleuve en milieu semi-aride (sud-ouest de Madagascar). Oceanologica Acta, 18(6): 659-670. 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