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Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language

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Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language V it ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE GAELIC LANGUAGE. .f\ AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE GAELIC LANGUAGE ALEXANDER MACBAIN, M.A. THE NORTHERN COUNTIES PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, LIMITED. 1896. ■ ( V- IDeCacateD TO THE MEMORY OF REV. ALEXANDER CAMERON, EE.D. PREFACE. This is the first Etymological Dictionary that has appeared of any modern Celtic language, and the immediate cause of its appearance is the desire to implement the promise made at the publication of Dr Cameron’s Reliquiae Celticce, that an etymo- logical dictionary should be published as a third or companion volume to that work. Some learned friends have suggested that it is too early yet to publish such a work, and that the great Irish Dictionary, which is being prepared just now by a German savant, should be waited for; hut what I hope is that a second edition of this present book will be called for when the German work has appeared. Celtic scholars, if they find nothing else in the present Dictionary, will, at least, find a nearly pure vocabulary of Scotch Gaelic, purged of the mass of Irish words that appear in our larger dictionaries ; and, as for my countrymen in the Highlands, who are so very fond of etymologising, the work appears none too soon, if it will direct them in the proper philologic path to tread. With this latter view I have prefaced the work with a brief account of the principles of Gaelic philology. The words discussed in this Dictionary number 6900 : deriva- tive words are not given, but otherwise the vocabulary here presented is the completest of any that has yet appeared. Of this large vocabulary, about two-thirds are native Gaelic and Celtic words, over twenty per cent, are borrowed, and thirteen per cent, are of doubtful origin, no etymology being presented for them, though doubtless most of them are native. The work is founded on the Highland Society’s Gaelic Dictionary, supplemented by M'Alpine, M‘Eachan, and other sources. I guarded especially against admitting Irish words, with which dictionaries like those of Shaw and Armstrong swarm. Vlll. TREFACE. Shaw, in 1780, plundered unscrupulously from Lhuyd (1707)' and O’Brien (1758), and subsequent dictionary-makers accepted too- many of Shaw’s Irish words. Another trouble has been the getting of genuine Irish words, for O’Reilly (1823) simply incorporated Shaw’s Dictionary and M'Farlane’s Scotch Gaelic Vocabulary (1815) into his own. For genuine modern Irish words I have had to trust to Lhuyd, O’Brien, Coneys, and Foley. For early Irish, I have relied mainly on Windisch, Ascoli, and Atkinson, supple- menting them by the numerous vocabularies added by modern editors to the Irish texts published by them. For the etymologies, I am especially indebted to Dr Whitley Stokes’ various works, and more particularly to his lately published Urkeltischer Sprachschatz. I have, however, searched far and wide, and I trust I have not missed anything in the way of Celtic etymology that has been done for the last twenty or thirty years here or on the Continent. In form the book follows the example of Mr Wharton’s excellent works on Latin and Greek philology, the Etyma Latina and the Etyma Grceca, and, more especially, the fuller method of Prellwitz’ Etymolgisches Worterbuch der Griechischen Sprache. The vocabulary of names and surnames does not profess to be complete. That errors have crept into the work is doubtless too true. I am sorry that I was unable, being so far always from the University centres, to get learned friends to look over my proofs and make suggestions as the work proceeded; and I hope the reader will, therefore, be all the more indulgent towards such mistakes as he may meet with. ALEXANDER MACBAIN. Inverness, 13th January, 1896. ABBREVIATIONS. 1. LANGUAGE TITLES. Ag. S. —-Anglo-Saxon If. —Irish Arm. —Armenian Ital. — Italian Br. —Breton Lat. —Latin Bulg, . —Bulgarian — O. Bui". = Lett. —Lettic CL SI. Lit. —Lithuanian Cb. SI. —Church Slavonic M. —Middle, as Middle Irish Corn. —Cornish = M. Ir. Dan. —Danish Mod. —Modern Dial. —Dialectic, belonging to a N. —Norse Dialect N. —New, as New Slavonic = Du. —Dutch N. Slav. E . —Early as Early Eng. = N. Sc. —Northern Scotch E. Eng. O. —Old, as Old Irish = 0. Ir. Eng. —English 0. H. G.—Old High German Er. —French Pers. —Persian G. —Gaelic Press.. —Prussian Gaul. —Gaulish Sc. —Scotch Ger. —German Skr. —Sanskrit Got. —Gothic SI. —Slavonic Gr. —Greek Slav. —Slavonic H. —High, Slowas High . —SlovenicGerman = H.G. Span. —Spanish Heb. —Hebrew Sw. —Swedish Hes.. —Hesychius W. —Welsh I. E.. —Indo-European Zd. —Zend or Old Bactrian 2. BOOKS AND AUTHORITIES. A. M‘D. • —Alexander Macdonald’s Gaelic Songs, with vocabulary. Atk. • —Atkinson’s Dictionary to the Passions and Homilies from the Leabhar Breac, 1887. Arm., Arms. —Armstrong’s Gaelic Dictionary, 1825. B. of Deer . —Book of Deer, edited by Stokes in Goidelica, 1872. Bez. Beit. —Bezzenberger’s Beitrdge zur Kunde der Idg. Sprachen, a German periodical still proceeding. C S . —Common Speech, not yet recorded in literature. Celt. Mag. • —The Celtic Magazine, 13 vols., stopped in 1888. Con. • —Coneys’ Irish-English Dictionary, 1849. Corm. —Cormac’s Glossary, published in 1862 and 1868,, edited by Dr Whitley Stokes. D. of L. —The Dean of Lismore’s Book, edited in 1862, 1892. X. ABBREVIATIONS. Four Mast. •—Annals of the Four Masters, published in 1848, 1851. Fol —Foley’s English-Irish Dictionary, 1855. Heb —Dialect of the Hebrides. H. S. D. —The Highland Society’s Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, 1828. Inv. Gael. Soc. Tr. —Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, 19 vols., still proceeding. L. na H. —Lehor na h-uidre, or the Book of the Dun Cow, an Irish MS. of 1100. Lh. —Lhuyd’s Archceologia Brittanica, 1707. Lib. Leinster . —Book of Leinster, an Irish MS. of 1150. M‘A —Macalpine’s Gaelic Dictionary, 1832. M‘D - - Alexander Macdonald’s Gaelick and English Vocab- ulary, 1741. M‘E —M‘Eachan’s Faclair, 1862. M‘F —M‘Farlane’s Focalair or Gaelic Vocabulary, 1815. M‘L —M‘Leod and Dewar’s Dictionary of the Gaelic Lan- guage, 1831. N. H —North Highlands. Nich —Sheriff Nicholson’s Gaelic Proverbs. O’Br —O’Brien’s Irish-English Dictionary, 1768 and 1832. O’Cl —O’Clery’s Glossary, republished in Revue Geltique, Vols. iv. v., date 1643, O’R —O’Reilly’s Irish-English Dictionary, 1823. Rev. Celt. —Revue Geltique, a periodical published at Paris, now in its 17th vol. S. C. R. ... —The Scottish Celtic Review, 1 vol., edited by Dr Cameron, 1885. Sh —Shaw’s Gaelic and English Dictionary, 1780. Stew —Vocabulary at the end of Stewart’s Gaelic Collection. Zeit —Kuhn’s Zeitschrift f. vergl. Sprachforschung, a German periodical still proceeding. An asterisk (*) denotes always a hypothetical word; the sign (f) denotes that the word is obsolete. The numeral above the line denotes the number of the edition or the number of the volume. AUTHORS QUOTED. A damn'an, abbot of Iona, who died in 704, wrote a life of St Columba, edited by Reeves 1857, re-issued by Skene in 1874. Ascoli is publishing in connection with his editions of the MSS. of Milan and St Gall a “ Glossary of Ancient Irish,” of which the vowels and some consonants are already issued. Bezzenbergek. edits the Bez. Beit, noted above, has contributed to it Celtic articles, and has furnished comments or suggested etymologies in Dr Stokes’ Urkeltischer Sprachschatz. Bradley’s Stratmann's Middle English Dictionary. Brugmann is the author of the “ Comparative Grammar of the Indo- Germanic Languages,” a large work, where Celtic is fully treated. Cameron : The late Dr Cameron edited the Scottish Celtic Review, where he published valuable Gaelic etymologies, and left the MS. material which forms the basis of the two volumes of his Reliquice Celticce. Cameron : Mr John Cameron of the Gaelic Names of Plants, 1883. Carmichael’s Agrestic Customs of the Hebrides, in the Napier Commission Report. Edmonston is the author of an Etymological Glossary of the Orkney Dialect. Ernault, author of an Etymological Dictionary of Middle Breton, and contributor to the Rev. Celt, of many articles on Breton. Fick, compiler of the Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Germanic Languages (not translated yet), completed in 1876. The fourth edition was begun in 1890 with Dr Whitley Stokes and Dr Bezzen- berger as collaborateurs : the second volume of this edition is Dr Stokes’ Urkeltischer Sprachshatz—Early Celtic Word-Treasure, 1894. Jamieson, author of the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 2 vols., 1808, Paisley edition, 5 vols., 1879-1887. De Jubainville, editor of the Rev. Celt., has written much on Celtic philology in that periodical and otherwise. Guterrock, author of a brochure on Latin Loan-words in Irish, 1882. Hennessey, who offered some etymologies in his Criticism of Macpherson’s Ossian in the Academy, August 1871. Kluge, compiler of the latest and best Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, 5th edition here used mostly. Loth, author of inter alia the Vocabulaire Vieux-Breton, 1884, the work usually referred to under his name. Mackinnon : Prof. Mackinnon in luv. Gael. Soc. Tr., in Celt. Mag. and in the Scotsman. M‘Lean : Hector Maclean, lately dead, wrote many articles on Gaelic philology in newspapers and periodicals ; here quoted as an authority on the language. K. Meyer, editor of Oath Finntrdga, 1884, Vision of MacConglinne, 1892, &c., all with vocabularies. Murray, editor of the Philological Society’s New English Dictionary in process of publication. Osthoff : especially in Indogermanischen For sc h ungen,4 264-294. Xll. AUTHORS QUOTED. Prellwitz, compiler of an Etymological Dictionary of Greek, 1892. Rhys : Prof. Rhys is author of Lectures on Welsh Philology, 1879, Celtic Britain, 1884.
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