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Creating Multimedia Localisation Training Materials the Process and Resources Developed for Ecolomedia
Creating Multimedia Localisation Training Materials The Process and Resources Developed for eCoLoMedia Alina Secară, Centre for Translation Studies, University of Leeds, UK [email protected] Pascaline Merten, Haute École de Bruxelles, Belgium [email protected] Yamile Ramírez, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany [email protected] Abstract We present the online resources developed as part of eCoLoMedia, a European collaborative project in the domain of translator training, the technology used in implementing its website and in localising project materials, and discuss the impact that the rise of entertainment and cultural industries has had in this field of translation. We analyse the results of a needs analysis survey carried out in 2008 by the Institute of Translation and Interpreting (ITI) and illustrate how the results of that study influenced the design and creation of materials. The aim of this project is to encourage trainers or individuals to gain knowledge in emerging translation fields and provide a chance for hands-on practice, be it in class or at home, using online materials on topics ranging from subtitling and voice-over to games and Flash localisation. 1. Introduction Across the globe, the television and cinema sectors are becoming increasingly diversified. The market share of European films in Europe has grown from 20% in 1999 to 30% today1, and their market share also shows constant growth in China, where 45% of films distributed are foreign. Moreover, video gaming is the fastest growing European content industry, with total revenues of €6.3 billion in 20062, exceeding those of cinema box offices. Yet these audiovisual products are impressive not only in terms of economic power, but also for their linguistic and cultural diversity, which requires them to undergo several localisation processes before distribution, involving specialist translators skilled in using specialised translation tools. -
Context, Field and Landscape of Audiovisual Translation in the Arab World
Context, Field and Landscape of Audiovisual Translation in the Arab World Doctor Muhammad Y. GAMAL Australian Federal Government AUSTRALIA [email protected] Abstract: Translation, as a cultural mediation, builds bridges between the Arab world and the outside world, particularly the west and continues to occupy a pivotal place in Arab society. Over the past two centuries, and since the establishment of the school of translation in Cairo in 1835, translation has been viewed as a vehicle of Nahda (progress) and Tanweer (enlightenment). Over the past two decades, however, translation in the Arab world has been radically transformed both at the practice and policy levels. The turn of the new millennium has brought about changes that have shaken the state of affairs and challenged old thinking and the ways of doing things. First, digital technology has changed the way things are done from work, play and study to the ways we socialise, shop and entertain ourselves. Second, a report on human development in the Arab world published in 2002 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), revealed the unhealthy state of translation in most Arab countries. The paper examines the state of audiovisual study in Arabic and invites scholars to focus a lot more on their own local environment. It argues that a quarter of a century after the conference that launched the concept of AVT in Europe in 1995, the time has come for Arab academia to start developing its (own) theoretical frameworks for the localisation of audiovisual translation studies with the view of making translation studies not only relevant to society but also to play the role it was envisaged two centuries earlier. -
Game On! Burning Issues in Game Localisation
Game on! Burning issues in game localisation Carme Mangiron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona _________________________________________________________ Abstract Citation: Mangiron, C. (2018). Game on! Game localisation is a type of audiovisual translation that has gradually Burning issues in game localisation. been gathering scholarly attention since the mid-2000s, mainly due Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 122-138. to the increasing and ubiquitous presence of video games in the digital Editor: A. Jankowska & J. Pedersen society and the gaming industry's need to localise content in order Received: January 22, 2018 to access global markets. This paper will focus on burning issues in this Accepted: June 30, 2018 field, that is, issues that require specific attention, from an industry Published: November 15, 2018 and/or an academic perspective. These include the position of game Funding: Catalan Government funds localisation within the wider translation studies framework, 2017SGR113. the relationship between game localisation and audiovisual translation, Copyright: ©2018 Mangiron. This is an open access article distributed under the game accessibility, reception studies, translation quality, collaborative terms of the Creative Commons translation, technology, and translator training. Attribution License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are Key words: video games, game localisation, audiovisual translation credited. (AVT), game accessibility, reception studies, quality, collaborative translation, technology, translator training [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6421-8581 122 Game on! Burning issues in game localisation 1. Introduction Over the last four decades, video games have achieved a ubiquitous role in the digital society. Not only have they become one of the most popular leisure options, they are also being used for purposes beyond entertainment, such as education, health, and advertising. -
Audiovisual Translation
The University of Manchester Research Audiovisual Translation Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Pérez-González, L. (2020). Audiovisual Translation. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (Third Edition ed., pp. 30-34). Routledge. Published in: Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:06. Oct. 2021 This is an author’s manuscript accepted for publication in: Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha (eds) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 3rd edition, London and New York: Routledge, 30-34. https://bit.ly/2PxLkbp Audiovisual translation Luis Pérez-González Audiovisual translation focuses on the practices, processes and products that are involved in or result from the transfer of multimodal and multimedial content across languages and/or cultures. Audiovisual texts are multimodal inasmuch as their production and interpretation relies on the combined deployment of a wide range of semiotic resources or modes (Baldry and Thibault 2006), including language, image, music, colour and perspective. -
Domestication and Foreignisation in Dubbing and Subtitling of Duncan Jones‟ English Movie Warcraft Into Persian [PP: 162-170] Dr
Domestication and Foreignisation in Dubbing and Subtitling of Duncan Jones‟ English Movie Warcraft into Persian [PP: 162-170] Dr. Razieh Eslamieh Nillofar Javankhah Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch Iran ABSTRACT The present paper studies diverse procedures related to Venuti‟s strategies of domestication and foreignisation in Farsi dubbing and subtitling of the English movie, Warcraft directed by Duncan Jones. The procedures of both domestication and foreignisation were studied and statically analysed for the purpose of exploring the film translation method (dubbing or subtitling) which is closer to target- language-culture and the one which is closer to source-language-culture. In other words it was intended to explore which translation strategy (domestication or foreignisation) dominates dubbing and which one dominates subtitling. The tertiary purpose was to compare the reasons of differences in dubbing versus subtitling on the one hand, and the reasons of differences of the target text from the source text. The statistical analysis revealed that in dubbing, cultural equivalence is the most frequently used procedure (38.26%) apparently for making the movie visible for the public Iranian audience and adjust the movie to cultural considerations. Henceforth, dubbing orients to domestication. However, subtitling, with literal translation as the most frequently used procedure (57.4%), orients to foreignisation. In dubbing of the movie, most differences are related to cultural equivalence (38.26%) and the literal translation (29.56%) is in the next step. An interesting point is that the procedure of calque is neither used in subtitling nor in dubbing. In subtitling, cultural equivalence stands in the second place (17.34) and explanation (9.50%) occupies the third place. -
Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
Introducing Translation Studies Introducing Translation Studies remains the definitive guide to the theories and concepts that make up the field of translation studies. Providing an accessible and up-to-date overview, it has long been the essential textbook on courses worldwide. This fourth edition has been fully revised and continues to provide a balanced and detailed guide to the theoretical landscape. Each theory is applied to a wide range of languages, including Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Punjabi, Portuguese and Spanish. A broad spectrum of texts is analysed, including the Bible, Buddhist sutras, Beowulf, the fiction of García Márquez and Proust, European Union and UNESCO documents, a range of contemporary films, a travel brochure, a children’s cookery book and the translations of Harry Potter. Each chapter comprises an introduction outlining the translation theory or theories, illustrative texts with translations, case studies, a chapter summary and discussion points and exercises. New features in this fourth edition include: Q new material to keep up with developments in research and practice, including the sociology of translation, multilingual cities, translation in the digital age and specialized, audiovisual and machine translation Q revised discussion points and updated figures and tables Q new, in-chapter activities with links to online materials and articles to encourage independent research Q an extensive updated companion website with video introductions and journal articles to accompany each chapter, online exercises, an interactive timeline, weblinks, and PowerPoint slides for teacher support This is a practical, user-friendly textbook ideal for students and researchers on courses in Translation and Translation Studies. -
Translation Studies Orientations: a Case Study on Asian and European Journals
Linguistics and Literature Studies 2(6): 178-190, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/lls.2014.020604 Translation Studies Orientations: A Case Study on Asian and European Journals Nadieh Rafiee1, Azadeh Nemati2, * 1Department of Translation Studies, Science and Research, Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran 2Department of English Language Teaching, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract The present study aimed at determining On the other hand, research is defined broadly as a whether there existed any significant differences among “systematic investigation towards increasing the sum of different Translation Studies (TS) research areas in Asian as knowledge” (Chambers, 1989, p. 845). One would also agree well as European journals. This study focused on the twelve with Gillham (2000, p. 2) that “research is about creating main areas of TS listed by Williams and Chesterman (2002). new knowledge, whatever the disciplines”. Innovation is To do so, six TS journal (three Asian and three European vital if a discipline is to grow and prosper. However, the ones) were selected based on simple random sampling. Then, definition of 'new knowledge' varies according to the level at out of each journal, twenty articles were selected through which the research is undertaken. An essay at advanced B.A simple random sampling. Having determined the level will clearly differ in scope from a doctoral dissertation. corresponding TS research areas, each paper was placed in Creating new knowledge can consist in summarizing new one of the twelve listed research areas. The results of the research in an emerging field or providing a very small frequency analyses showed statistically significant amount of new evidence to support or disconfirm an existing differences among the frequencies of TS research areas in hypothesis at one end of the scale, to developing a new Asian and European journals (p 0.05). -
1. Multimodal, Multimedia, Or Plurisemiotic Translation?
The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 35 – January 2021 What is a plurisemiotic work in translation? Sarah Neelsen, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Translated by Stephen Slessor ABSTRACT In this part of the Introduction, I define what plurisemiotic practices are in translation. I first compare three related terms, namely ‘multimodal’, ‘multimedia’ and ‘intersemiotic translation’, within the history of Translation Studies, starting in the 1960s (Jakobson, Reiss, Snell-Hornby). The 2000s turn out to be an important caesura, not only from a theoretical point of view (publications by Kress and van Leuwen, Gambier and Gottlieb, later Kaindl), but also by the advent of audiovisual translation, quickly established as an archetype of multimodal translation. Following this observation of an important bias, I shift to plurisemiotic artistic practices that I call ‘situated practices’: they take place in public spaces, are intended for collective reception, make the translator visible, and promote inclusion and accessibility. In the light of examples borrowed from genres often considered minor (murals, mime, performance in sign language, popular music), I explain their stakes for translation and their methodological challenges for research. KEYWORDS Plurisemiotic, intersemiotic, multimedia translation, situated practices, Jakobson, multimodality, museum translation, intermediality. 1. Multimodal, multimedia, or plurisemiotic translation? At first glance, these three terms appear to be closely related, and they can be used as synonyms: “the multimedial, or polysemiotic, nature of electronic communication” (Gambier and Gottlieb 2001, emphasis mine). However, they are also sometimes seen as contrasting terms: “Intersemiotic transposition is to be distinguished from multimedia translation” (Mossop 2019, emphasis mine). It should be noted that Mossop actually introduces a fourth term – ’intersemiotic’ – a concept to which I will return. -
Audiovisual Translation in the Third Millennium
AudiovisualAudiovisual TranslationTranslation ScenariosScenarios Dr Jorge Díaz Cintas Roehampton University, London [email protected] Universität des Saarlandes 2 November 2007 1 AVTAVT ModesModes Subtitling Surtitling Interpretation Dubbing Voice-over Narration Sign Language Interpreting New practices Subtitling for the deaf and the hard-of-hearing Audio description for the blind and the partially sighted Audio subtitling 2 ReceptionReception Origins Illiteracy Political repression Economic factors Custom and habit Artistic and aesthetic value Changes Dubbing vs subtitling countries Spain, France, Germany Greece, Denmark Baltic States cinema, television (public/commercial), DVD, Internet, mobile... Subtitling Fast Cheap Flexible 3 DistributionDistribution Number of channels Analogue / digital DVD Multimedia products Videogames (interactive software) Internet (streaming) Online teaching Personal use blogs, YouTube Commercial use Newspapers, TV channels, advertising, films to download, etc. Fansubs, fandubs, webtoons, scanlations... L33t Mobile technology Podcasts AVT importance Easy reception Vast array of genres 4 DVDDVD >> HDHD--DVDDVD // BluBlu--rayray Quantity 8 dubbed / 32 subtitled Regions More translation VAM, music, corporate videos, videogames... Extras and collector’s editions Re-launch of classical films, TV series, documentaries… Internet streaming Quality Privileged viewer Conventions New practices 5 TechnologyTechnology Subtitling equipment Freeware dotSub, Subtitle Workshop… Sound detection Voice recognition Machine translation Translate TV Musa E-title Demos Templates 6 DefinitionDefinition Subtitling may be defined as a translation practice that consists of presenting a written text, generally on the lower part of the screen, that endeavours to recount the original dialogue of the speakers, as well as the discursive elements that appear in the image (letters, inserts, graffiti, inscriptions, placards, and the like), and the information that is contained on the soundtrack (songs, voices off). -
“Une Messe Est Possible”: the Imbroglio of the Catholic Church in Contemporary Latin Europe
Center for European Studies Working Paper No. 113 “Une Messe est Possible”: The Imbroglio of the Catholic Church 1 in Contemporary Latin Europe by Paul Christopher Manuel Margaret Mott [email protected] [email protected] Paul Christopher Manuel is Affiliate and Co-Chair, Iberian Study Group, Center for European Studies, Har- vard University and Professor and Chair, Department of Politics, Saint Anselm College. Margaret Mott is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Marlboro College. ABSTRACT Throughout the contemporary period, the Church-State relationship in the nation-states of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal – which we will refer to as Latin Europe in this paper – has been a lively source of political conflict and societal cleavage, both on epistemological, and ontological grounds. Epistemological, in that the person living in Latin Europe has to decide whether his world view will be religious or secular; ontological, in that his mortality has kept some sense of the Catholic religion close to his heart and soul at the critical moments of his human reality. Secular views tend to define the European during ordinary periods of life, (“métro boulot dodo,”) while religious beliefs surge during the extraordinary times of life (birth, marriage, death,) as well as during the traditional ceremonial times (Christmas, Easter). This paper will approach the ques- tion on the role of the Catholic church in contemporary Latin Europe by first proposing three models of church-state relations in the region and their historical development, then looking at the role of the Vatican, followed by an examination of some recent Eurobarometer data on the views of contemporary Catholics in each country, and finishing with an analysis of selected public pol- icy issues in each country. -
History of Modern Latin America
History of Modern Latin America Monday 6:00PM-9:00PM Hill 102 Course Number: 21:510:208 Index Number: 15351 Instructor: William Kelly Email: [email protected] Course Description: This course will explore the history of Latin America (defined here as Mexico, South America, the Spanish Caribbean, and Haiti) from the beginning of the independence era in the early 1800s until the present day. We will examine concepts such as violence, race, slavery, religion, poverty, governance, and revolution, and how these social processes have shaped the lives of Latin Americans over the course of the last two and a half centuries. We will explore questions such as: how was colonial Latin American society structured, and how did it change following independence? Why did independence happen early in some places (Haiti, Mexico, Colombia) and late in others (Cuba, Puerto Rico)? How has racial ideology developed in Latin America, and how have Latin Americans historically understood the concept of “race”? Why have Latin Americans structured their governments in particular ways, and how have ideas of governance changed over time? How has the cultural and linguistic diversity in Latin America shaped its history, and how have the experiences of different cultural, linguistic, ethnic, or racial groups differed from one another? We will consult a variety of written and visual forms of media, including books, visual art, published speeches, music, films, and other types of sources in order to explore these and other questions to gain a greater understanding of the historical forces that have shaped Latin American society. Required Text: Cheryl E. -
The Encyclopedia
The Encyclopedia ABERRATION,SEXUAL medical pathology the term "abnormal" The notion of sexual aberration refers to conditions which interfere with had some currency in the literature of the physical well-being and functioning of psychiatry during the first half of the twen- a living body. Applied to social life, such tieth century. Although the expression an approach entails subjective judgments encompassed a whole range of behaviors about what the good life is. Moreover, regarded as abnormalities, it is probably insofar as homosexual and other variant safe to say that it was used more with lifestyles can be considered "maladjusted," reference to homosexuality than for any that assumption reflects the punitive in- other "disorder." In due course it yielded trusion of socially sanctioned prescriptions to deviation, and then to deviance-some- rather than any internal limitations im- what less negative concepts. posed by the behavior itself. In otherwords, The term derives from the Latin once the corrosive element of self-con- abenare, "to go astray, wander off." It is tempt, which is introjected by the social significant that the first recorded English environment, is removed, homosexual use of the verb "aberr" (now obsolete), by men and lesbian women would appear to John Bellenden in 1536, refers to religious function as well as anyone else. Another heresy. For nineteenth-century alienists difficulty with the concept is that the pair and moralists, theword aberration took op normal/abnormal suggests a sharp strong connotations of mental instability dichotomy. Kinsey's findings, however, or madness. Thus, in its application to suggest that sexual behavior is best under- sexual nonconformity, the concept linked stood as a continuum with many individu- up with the notion of "moral insanity," als falling between the poles and shifting that is to say, the nonclinical manifesta- position over the course of their lives.