Text Reduction: Strategies Adopted in Audio Visual Subtitle Translation
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BRING YOUR “A” GAME to VIDEO GAME LOCALIZATION a Publication of the American Translators Association Best Solution to This Problem
The Voice of Interpreters and Translators THE ATA Mar/Apr 2020 Volume XLIX Number 2 BRING YOUR “A” GAME TO VIDEO GAME LOCALIZATION A Publication of the American Translators Association best solution to this problem. A victory American Translators Association in California will greatly facilitate 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590 obtaining similar exemptions in other Alexandria, VA 22314 USA states that pass strict versions of the Tel:Tel: +1-703-683-6100+1.703.683.6100 ABC Test. Fax:Fax: +1-703-683-6122+1.703.683.6122 Through its membership in the Email: [email protected] 5 Professional Certication Coalition , Website: www.atanet.org FROM THE PRESIDENT ATA is also monitoring state legislation TED R. WOZNIAK regarding voluntary certication programs Editorial Board [email protected] to ensure that they do not negatively Paula Arturo impact ATA’s Certication Program. Lois Feuerle Geoff Koby (chair) CorinneMary McKee McKay 2020 is shaping up to be a year TedMary Wozniak McKee in which ATA focuses a great deal JostTed ZetzscheWozniak Advocacy and Jost Zetzsche on state and national legislation Publisher/Executive Director Other Business Publisher/ExecutiveWalter Bacak, CAE Director affecting the translation and [email protected] Bacak, CAE s I conclude the third month of [email protected] my term as president, I nd interpreting professions. Editor A myself spending a lot of time on JeffEditor Sanfacon advocacy efforts. [email protected] Sanfacon 2020 is shaping up to be a year in [email protected] which ATA focuses a great deal on state But not all proposed legislation Advertising and national legislation affecting the has negative consequences for ATA [email protected] translation and interpreting professions. -
Diversity and Inclusion in the European Audiovisual Sector European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2021 ISSN 2079-1062 ISBN 978-92-871-9054-3 (Print Version)
Diversity and inclusion in the European audiovisual sector IRIS Plus IRIS Plus 2021-1 Diversity and inclusion in the European audiovisual sector European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2021 ISSN 2079-1062 ISBN 978-92-871-9054-3 (Print version) Director of publication – Susanne Nikoltchev, Executive Director Editorial supervision – Maja Cappello, Head of Department for Legal Information Editorial team – Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Julio Talavera Milla, Sophie Valais Research assistant - Léa Chochon European Audiovisual Observatory Authors (in alphabetical order) Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Maja Cappello, Julio Talavera Milla, Sophie Valais Translation Marco Polo Sarl, Sonja Schmidt Proofreading Jackie McLelland, Johanna Fell, Catherine Koleda Editorial assistant – Sabine Bouajaja Press and Public Relations – Alison Hindhaugh, [email protected] European Audiovisual Observatory Publisher European Audiovisual Observatory 76, allée de la Robertsau, 67000 Strasbourg, France Tel.: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 19 [email protected] www.obs.coe.int Cover layout – ALTRAN, France Please quote this publication as Cabrera Blázquez F.J., Cappello M., Talavera Milla J., Valais S., Diversity and inclusion in the European audiovisual sector, IRIS Plus, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, April 2021 © European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe), Strasbourg, 2021 Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. Diversity and inclusion in the European audiovisual sector Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Maja Cappello, Julio Talavera Milla, Sophie Valais Foreword Let me tell you a few stories about extraordinary people. Artemisia Gentileschi was a seventeenth century painter, and quite a talented one at that. -
Introduction to Machine Translation (MT) Benefits and Drawbacks INTRODUCTION to MACHINE TRANSLATION
Introduction to Machine Translation (MT) Benefits and Drawbacks INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE TRANSLATION Introduction This guide is meant as a short, basic introduction to Machine Translation -- its benefits, and its drawbacks. It is not meant as a comprehensive guide to all of the details and processes that need to be undertaken for a successful MT program. However, it contains valuable information for those who are considering MT as an option for localizing their content. What is Machine Translation (MT)? Machine translation (MT) is an automated translation process that can be used when a fully human translation process is insufficient in terms of budget or speed. This is achieved by having computer programs break down a source text and automatically translate it into another language. Although the raw computer translated content will not have the quality of materials translated by qualified linguists, the automated translations can be post-edited by a linguist in order to produce a final, human-like quality translation. When combined with human post-editing (called Post Editing of Machine Translation or PEMT for short), MT can potentially reduce translation costs and turnaround times while maintaining a level of quality appropriate for the content’s end-user. The increase in speed and the reduction of costs depends largely on the collaboration between linguists and engineers in order to train the computer system to translate for a specific language and domain. The more data the engineers have, such as translation databases translated by human linguists, normal language documents written in the source and target languages, or glossaries, the better the MT output will become. -
A Mapping of Translation in the Euro-Mediterranean Region
A MAPPING OF TRANSLATION IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN REGION PARTNERS Banipal, London ÇEVBIR, Istanbul European Council of Literary Translators’ Association (CEATL), Brussels Escuela de Traductores de Toledo, Toledo King Abdul-Aziz Foundation, Casablanca Next Page Foundation, Sofia Goethe Institut, Cairo Index Translationum (UNESCO) Institut du monde arabe, Paris Institut français du Proche-Orient, Damascus, Beirut, Amman, Ramallah Institute for research and studies in the Arab and Islamic World (IREMAM/MMSH), Aix-en-Provence Literature Across frontiers, Manchester Swedish Institute Alexandria, Alexandria Università degli studi di Napoli l’Orientale, Naples Saint-Joseph University, Beirut SUPPORT The mapping project was accomplished with the support of: the Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication as well as the Conseil régional d’Ile de France the Institut français This document is also available in French and Arabic A MApping of TrAnslATion in The euro-MediTerrAneAn region A project carried out by Transeuropéennes and the Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures Conclusions and Recommendations Final overview and compilation: Ghislaine Glasson Deschaumes Editing team: Anaïs-Trissa Khatchadourian The present conclusions and recommendations are the fruit of a collective effort over a number of months. They have benefited from the enlightening advice and attentive readings of Yana Genova, Richard Jacquemond, Mohamed-Sghir Janjar, Elisabeth Longuenesse, Franck Mermier and Hakan Özkan. The quantitative overviews were produced with the help of Sophie Brones Translated from French into English by Andrew Goffey Direction of the project: Ghislaine Glasson Deschaumes (Transeuropéennes) and Gemma Aubarell (Fondation Anna Lindh) Coordination: Anaïs-Trissa Khatchadourian, with the participation of Virginia Pisano (Transeuropéennes) and Chaymaa Ramzy (Fondation Anna Lindh). -
Creating Multimedia Localisation Training Materials the Process and Resources Developed for Ecolomedia
Creating Multimedia Localisation Training Materials The Process and Resources Developed for eCoLoMedia Alina Secară, Centre for Translation Studies, University of Leeds, UK [email protected] Pascaline Merten, Haute École de Bruxelles, Belgium [email protected] Yamile Ramírez, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany [email protected] Abstract We present the online resources developed as part of eCoLoMedia, a European collaborative project in the domain of translator training, the technology used in implementing its website and in localising project materials, and discuss the impact that the rise of entertainment and cultural industries has had in this field of translation. We analyse the results of a needs analysis survey carried out in 2008 by the Institute of Translation and Interpreting (ITI) and illustrate how the results of that study influenced the design and creation of materials. The aim of this project is to encourage trainers or individuals to gain knowledge in emerging translation fields and provide a chance for hands-on practice, be it in class or at home, using online materials on topics ranging from subtitling and voice-over to games and Flash localisation. 1. Introduction Across the globe, the television and cinema sectors are becoming increasingly diversified. The market share of European films in Europe has grown from 20% in 1999 to 30% today1, and their market share also shows constant growth in China, where 45% of films distributed are foreign. Moreover, video gaming is the fastest growing European content industry, with total revenues of €6.3 billion in 20062, exceeding those of cinema box offices. Yet these audiovisual products are impressive not only in terms of economic power, but also for their linguistic and cultural diversity, which requires them to undergo several localisation processes before distribution, involving specialist translators skilled in using specialised translation tools. -
Context, Field and Landscape of Audiovisual Translation in the Arab World
Context, Field and Landscape of Audiovisual Translation in the Arab World Doctor Muhammad Y. GAMAL Australian Federal Government AUSTRALIA [email protected] Abstract: Translation, as a cultural mediation, builds bridges between the Arab world and the outside world, particularly the west and continues to occupy a pivotal place in Arab society. Over the past two centuries, and since the establishment of the school of translation in Cairo in 1835, translation has been viewed as a vehicle of Nahda (progress) and Tanweer (enlightenment). Over the past two decades, however, translation in the Arab world has been radically transformed both at the practice and policy levels. The turn of the new millennium has brought about changes that have shaken the state of affairs and challenged old thinking and the ways of doing things. First, digital technology has changed the way things are done from work, play and study to the ways we socialise, shop and entertain ourselves. Second, a report on human development in the Arab world published in 2002 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), revealed the unhealthy state of translation in most Arab countries. The paper examines the state of audiovisual study in Arabic and invites scholars to focus a lot more on their own local environment. It argues that a quarter of a century after the conference that launched the concept of AVT in Europe in 1995, the time has come for Arab academia to start developing its (own) theoretical frameworks for the localisation of audiovisual translation studies with the view of making translation studies not only relevant to society but also to play the role it was envisaged two centuries earlier. -
EN 301 775 V1.1.1 (2000-07) European Standard (Telecommunications Series)
Draft ETSI EN 301 775 V1.1.1 (2000-07) European Standard (Telecommunications series) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the carriage of Vertical Blanking Information (VBI) data in DVB bitstreams European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU·UER 2 Draft ETSI EN 301 775 V1.1.1 (2000-07) Reference DEN/JTC-DVB-106 Keywords broadcasting, digital, DVB, SNG, TV, video ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.:+33492944200 Fax:+33493654716 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://www.etsi.org/tb/status/ If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. -
The Role of Self-Translation in the Decolonisa- Tion Process of African Countries
THE ROLE OF SELF-TRANSLATION IN THE DECOLONISA- TION PROCESS OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES Elena BANDÍN Universidad de León 1. Self-translation: a particular case of (literary) translation. Since Translation Studies emerged as an academic discipline, little attention has been paid to the phenomenon of self-translation. There exists no empirical or descriptive research in the field of DTS concerned with self-translation. It is not even mentioned in the academic discourse of Translation Studies. Self- translation cannot be said to be a non-existent or an infrequent phenomenon. On the contrary, throughout literary and non-literary history, well-known writers, scholars and philosophers have translated their own works, for example, Ramón Llull, Nebrija, Thomas More, Fray Luis de León, John Donne, Spinoza, Voltaire, Marx, Samuel Beckett, Pirandello, Nabokov and Tagore (Santoyo 2002). Howe- ver, publishers, literary critics and scholars often even ignore the fact that a translation has been produced by the author himself once the work was publis- hed in the source language. Why is there such a void in Translation Studies? One reason could be that many already well-known theories and definitions of equivalence would be reversed and notions such as acceptability, fidelity and adequacy would need to be revisited. A more dynamic and functional view of equivalence is needed regarding self-translation. Toury’s model based on the Polysystem theory rejects previous theories based on the notion of equivalence because they were source-oriented theories (Toury 1980). Instead, His model is based on difference and assumes structural differences between languages. (…) Positing hypothetical poles of total acceptability in the target culture at the one extreme and total adequacy to the source text at the other, Toury locates translation as always in the mid- dle: no translation is ever entirely ‘acceptable’ to the target culture (…), nor is any translation entirely ‘adequate’ to the original version (Gentzler 2001: 126). -
Game On! Burning Issues in Game Localisation
Game on! Burning issues in game localisation Carme Mangiron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona _________________________________________________________ Abstract Citation: Mangiron, C. (2018). Game on! Game localisation is a type of audiovisual translation that has gradually Burning issues in game localisation. been gathering scholarly attention since the mid-2000s, mainly due Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 122-138. to the increasing and ubiquitous presence of video games in the digital Editor: A. Jankowska & J. Pedersen society and the gaming industry's need to localise content in order Received: January 22, 2018 to access global markets. This paper will focus on burning issues in this Accepted: June 30, 2018 field, that is, issues that require specific attention, from an industry Published: November 15, 2018 and/or an academic perspective. These include the position of game Funding: Catalan Government funds localisation within the wider translation studies framework, 2017SGR113. the relationship between game localisation and audiovisual translation, Copyright: ©2018 Mangiron. This is an open access article distributed under the game accessibility, reception studies, translation quality, collaborative terms of the Creative Commons translation, technology, and translator training. Attribution License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are Key words: video games, game localisation, audiovisual translation credited. (AVT), game accessibility, reception studies, quality, collaborative translation, technology, translator training [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6421-8581 122 Game on! Burning issues in game localisation 1. Introduction Over the last four decades, video games have achieved a ubiquitous role in the digital society. Not only have they become one of the most popular leisure options, they are also being used for purposes beyond entertainment, such as education, health, and advertising. -
GREEK FILM SERIES Spring 2010 Contemporary & Classic Films About Greece
GREEK FILM SERIES Spring 2010 Contemporary & Classic Films about Greece FREE AND OPEN TO THE PUBLIC sponsored by USM Hellenic Initiatives Program and Hellenic Society of Maine “Το φιλί της ζωής” (“The Kiss of Life”) Directed by Nick Zapatinas Greece, 2007. Sunday, February 7, 3 PM, , Talbot Auditorium, Luther Bonney Hall, USM Portland Campus Paschalis (Laertis Malkotsis) is a 30 year old agronomist who is about to marry his beloved Anthoula on the island of Milos, but he accidentally embarks on the ferry to Sifnos where he meets Zoi (Catherine Papoutsaki), a beautiful but strange photographer who is going to the island for her own 'purposes'. Things become even more difficult for Paschalis when a strike of ship captains threatens to cost him his marriage! But things change when, together with Zoi, he meets a couple (Zeta Douka & Themos Anastasiadis) in Sifnos, who try to help him reunite with his future wife in time for the wedding. But many unexpected situations reveal surprising things about the four heroes. Beautifully photographed on the island of Sifnos. Not rated in the US, but suggested “R” for brief nudity and sexuality. In Greek with English subtitles, 103 minutes. “Πεντε Λεπτα Ακοµα” (“Five More Minutes”) Dir. by Yannis Xanthopoulos Greece, 2006. Sunday, March 7, 3 PM, Talbot Auditorium, Luther Bonney Hall, USM Portland Campus In modern Athens, a motorbike dealer (Tassos) suffers from erotic jealousy. He and his young wife (Aliki) have constant arguments over the telephone calls that Aliki leaves unanswered when Tassos is around. This behavior triggers his paranoia to the extreme. -
Linguistic Practices in Cyprus and the Emergence of Cypriot Standard Greek*
San Diego Linguistic Papers 2 (2006) 1-24 LINGUISTIC PRACTICES IN CYPRUS AND THE EMERGENCE OF CYPRIOT STANDARD GREEK* Amalia Arvaniti University of California, San Diego ----------------------------------------------- In Cyprus today systematic changes affecting all levels of linguistic analysis are observed in the use of Standard Greek, giving rise to a distinct linguistic variety which can be called Cypriot Standard Greek. The changes can be attributed to the influence of English and Cypriot Greek (the local linguistic variety), and to the increasing use of the Standard in semi-formal occasions. Equally important is the reluctance to recognize the diglossic situation on the island (in which Standard Greek is the H variety and Cypriot Greek the L), for political and ideological reasons. This in turn means that the attention of the Cypriot speakers is not drawn to the differences between Standard Greek as spoken in Greece and their usage of it; thus the differences become gradually consolidated, while the users remain unaware of them. ----------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction The past two decades have seen a proliferation of scholarly work on the linguistic situation in Cyprus. This body of work is concerned with several topics, such as the speakers’ awareness of the linguistic varieties spoken on the island (e.g., Karyolemou & * This paper is a companion to Arvaniti (this volume b). Although the papers compliment each other, they are written in such a way that each can be read independently of the other; for this reason, some introductory sections (e.g. the historical background) show a degree of overlap. The bulk of the data in this article was gathered in Cyprus from 1996 to 2001, with additional data collected since then using a variety of web resources. -
Audiovisual Translation
The University of Manchester Research Audiovisual Translation Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Pérez-González, L. (2020). Audiovisual Translation. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (Third Edition ed., pp. 30-34). Routledge. Published in: Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:06. Oct. 2021 This is an author’s manuscript accepted for publication in: Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha (eds) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 3rd edition, London and New York: Routledge, 30-34. https://bit.ly/2PxLkbp Audiovisual translation Luis Pérez-González Audiovisual translation focuses on the practices, processes and products that are involved in or result from the transfer of multimodal and multimedial content across languages and/or cultures. Audiovisual texts are multimodal inasmuch as their production and interpretation relies on the combined deployment of a wide range of semiotic resources or modes (Baldry and Thibault 2006), including language, image, music, colour and perspective.