DOCSLIB.ORG

Life Cycle Carbon Emission of Monorail Transit and Its Comparison in Operation Stage with Other City Transit Modes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life Cycle Carbon Emission of Monorail Transit and Its Comparison in Operation Stage with Other City Transit Modes E3S Web of Conferences 272, 01013 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201013 ICEPG 2021 Life cycle carbon emission of monorail transit and its comparison in operation stage with other city transit modes Teng Li1, Eryu Zhu1*, Haoran Liu1 1Dept. of Civil Engineering., Beijing Jiaotong University., Shangyuancun 3rd, Beijing, China, 100044 Corresponding author, Eryu Zhu, Professor of Bridge Department, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ph. D, China. Abstract. In this paper, carbon emissions of a monorail transit are calculated using the method of whole life cycle, which can be divided into four stages: material manufacturing stage, construction stage, operation stage and demolition stage. In the operation phase, the units are PKT (Passenger Kilometers Travelled) and VKT (Vehicle Kilometers Travelled), while in other three stages, the unit is 1 km. The results show that the carbon emissions from the 1km length monorail are 6271.204 tons. In addition, in the operation stage, it is found that the PKT index and VKT index of Chongqing monorail transportation are 0.07468 and 3.31933 respectively, far lower than those of subways in the same city. For PKT indicators of other rail transits, from small to large, they are light rail, tram, subway, APM and maglev. As for VKT indicators, from small to large, they are tram, light rail, subway, APM and maglev. The PKT index of Beijing subway is the lowest compared with that of other cities. subway, maglev, APM and trams, to find a lower carbon 1 Introduction emission transit mode, and to facilitate the adjustment of In recent years, with the continuous increase of urban the urban rail transit system and urban sustainable population density, the flow of people and goods between development, and to provide suggestions for government cities and the construction of rail transit are in full swing. policies. However, with the continuous expansion of the construction scale of different types of rail transit, the 2 Whole life cycle carbon emission topic of environmental pollution, which is closely related to the life quality of residents, begins to receive the close The carbon emission calculated in this paper is based on attention of the country and the society. The increasing the method of whole life cycle, and the carbon emission carbon emission has posed a threat to human lives in the of different traffic projects is divided into the following world. In this year, the concept of carbon neutrality and four stages: material manufacturing stage, construction carbon peak was first written into the government work stage, operation stage and demolition stage [3]. The report in China [1]. Carbon peak means that China corresponding list is established for each stage, and carbon promises that carbon emissions will stop growing by 2030 emissions of each item in the list are calculated. The and gradually decline after they peak. Carbon neutrality carbon emissions of the whole life cycle are obtained by means that enterprises, groups or individuals calculate the summing up the carbon emissions of the four stages. total amount of greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly generated within a certain period of time, and then offset the carbon emission generated by themselves 2.1. Carbon emission calculation methods in through plant afforestation, energy conservation and each stage emission reduction, etc., so as to achieve the goal of zero The calculation method of carbon emission in each stage emission. [4] is as follows. According to statistics [2], carbon emission from In the material manufacturing stage, the following China's transportation industry accounts for nearly 10% of formula is used: China's total carbon emissions. And with the advancement (1) of urbanization and industrialization, the carbon emissions from China's transportation industry will is the carbon emission in the production and continue to increase. Therefore, the development of green transportation has a very great significance. However, processing stage of building materials; is the there has been little analysis of the carbon emissions of consumption of the ith material in the production and different modes of transport. In this paper, carbon processing stage of building materials; is the carbon emissions from different urban transit modes are emission of the production process of unit building calculated and compared, including monorail transit, materials. *[email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 272, 01013 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201013 ICEPG 2021 In the construction stage, greenhouse gas emissions is the carbon emission in the demolition stage; mainly come from the transportation of materials and is the amount of the ith material in the construction stage; different construction works, and results are related to the is the carbon emission per unit transportation distance transportation distance of building materials and the of the vehicle; is the transportation distance. is the amount of works in each process. The following formula amount of works in each process in the demolition stage will be used to calculate carbon emissions in the and is the carbon emission generated by unit work in construction stage: each process. (2) is the carbon emission in the construction stage; 2.2. Carbon emission factors is the amount of the ith material in the construction stage; Energy consumption carbon emission factor refers to the is the carbon emission per unit transportation distance of the vehicle; is the transportation distance. is the amount of greenhouse gases associated with the consumption of unit mass energy, and is an important amount of works in each process in the construction stage parameter representing the characteristics of greenhouse and is the carbon emission generated by unit work in gas emissions of a certain energy type [5]. Carbon each process. emission factors of IPCC 2006 [6] are used in this paper. In the operation stage, energy consumption mainly The carbon emission factor of diesel is 3.16 kg CO2 / kg. comes from the electricity consumed during vehicle The average carbon emission factor of electricity operation, while carbon emission mainly comes from production in China is 1.062 kg CO2 / kilowatt-hour [7]. electricity production. The following formula is used to According to some research results [8-10], carbon calculate carbon emission in this stage: emission from C40 concrete is 644.59 kg/m3; carbon (3) emissions of 1-ton large size steel, medium and small size steel and steel wire are 20344.4 kg/ton, 16883.7 kg/ton, is the carbon emission in the construction stage; 16706.3 kg/ton, respectively. is the electricity consumed during operation in the life Carbon emissions in different works are mainly from cycle of different urban transit modes, and is the carbon the electricity consumption and diesel consumption from emission generated by production of unit electricity. various construction machinery and equipment. Carbon In the demolition stage, the following formula is used emission of concrete construction process per unit volume to calculate carbon emission: [11] is shown in the following table: (4) Table 1. Carbon emission of concrete construction per unit volume. Procedure（kg / m3） CO2 NOX Carbon Equivalent Template Works 46.975 0.377 159.321 Steel Works 13.947 0.427 141.193 Concrete Works 3.166 / 3.166 Earth Works 8.89 / 8.89 materials such as concrete and steel are considered. It is assumed that the average transport distance of steel is 2.3. Carbon emission from material 60km, and the transport distance of waste concrete is transportation 30km. In the material transportation process, carbon emissions are mainly caused by the energy consumed by 3 Estimation of life-cycle carbon transportation vehicles. Road transportation is the most common solution and the fuel of road vehicle is mainly emissions from monorail transit diesel. In this paper, the specific assumptions for material In this paper, 1km is selected as a functional unit to carry transportation are as follows: for concrete, 8 square out a theoretical analysis of carbon emissions of monorail concrete mixers are used, and the fuel consumption per transit in the four stages. A monorail transit line in China 100 km is 35L. As for other building materials such as is selected for analysis. The cross section of concrete PC steel, 20-ton freight vehicles are used, and the fuel guideway running by the train is I-shaped, 850mm wide, consumption per 100 km is 30L. It is assumed that the and 1.5m high. The structure is shown in the figures below round-trip transport distance of concrete is 30km, that of [12]: steel is 60km and that of earthwork is 15km. In the structural demolition stage, only the removal of major 2 E3S Web of Conferences 272, 01013 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201013 ICEPG 2021 Figure 1. Cross section of monorail guideway Figure 2. T –shaped pier of monorail. Assuming the length of a span is 25 m and the bridge row of three piles, with diameter of each pile 100 cm. pier height is 9 m. There are 41 piers in 1 km length bridge Assuming the depth is 12 m. The volume of concrete or and the concrete volume of two guideways, 41piers, 41 earth is 1158.66 m3. Assuming the pile reinforcement ratio cover beams are 1912.8 m3, 1066.4 m3 and 598.477 m3, is 0.2%, then the steel quantity is 18190.96 kg. respectively. Assuming the C40 concrete and 10 bunches In all, total concrete volume is 4736.36 m3. Total of 3 - 7 Φ 5 steel strands are used in the guideway. Total quantities of steel rebar and strand are 74360.49 kg and steel strand volume in 1 km guideway is 8.2 m3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Successful Expansion of the Intelligent Business Of
    SUCCESSFUL EXPANSION OF A CONTRACT IN RESPECT OFTHE INTELLIGENT BUSINESS OF CHANGCHUN RAIL TRANSIT 29 February 2016 Press Release SUCCESSFUL EXPANSION OF THE INTELLIGENT BUSINESS OF CHANGCHUN RAIL TRANSIT (29 February 2016, Hong Kong) Technovator International Ltd. (“Technovator” or “the Group”, HKEx: 1206) is pleased to announce that the Group has recently successfully entered into a contract regarding the “construction of Integrated Supervision and Control System for Changchun rail transit line 1 Phase 1” (the “Changchun Project”). The Changchun rail transit line 1, with a total rail length of 40.65km. Pursuant to the Changchun Project, the Group will be responsible for overall integration of intelligent rail transit system such as systems design, software and hardware equipment, development and manufacturing, procurement, product supply, installation and commissioning, consisting of Integrated Supervision and Control System (ISCS), Building Automation System (BAS), and Access System, with the implementation of the Group’s proprietary ISCS platform. The contract value amounts to approximately RMB98.72 million and Changchun Project is scheduled for completion by the end of 2016. The Group’s overall competencies in the field of the Intelligent Rail Transit Business have been underscored by winning of the Changchun Project, which enabling the Group to pursue a sweeping business presence in Northeast China and facilitating its sustainable development in Changchun. There has been a very strong demand for safe and efficient forms of transportation attendant on the sizzling growth of the urban rail transit in recent years. As a leading integrated energy saving services provider, Technovator is engaged to propel the application of intelligent rail transit, and provide specialized solutions with focus on the variations in regional climate, customer demand and post-operation management.
    [Show full text]
  • China Fangda Group Co., Ltd
    Interim Report 2020 of China Fangda Group Co., Ltd. China Fangda Group Co., Ltd. 2020 Interim Report August 2020 1 Interim Report 2020 of China Fangda Group Co., Ltd. Chapter I Important Statement, Table of Contents and Definitions The members of the Board and the Company guarantee that the interim report is free from any false information, misleading statement or material omission and are jointly and severally liable for the information’s truthfulness, accuracy and integrity. Mr. Xiong Jianming, the Chairman of Board, Mr. Lin Kebin, the Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Wu Bohua, the manager of accounting department declare: the Financial Report carried in this report is authentic and completed. All the Directors have attended the meeting of the board meeting at which this report was examined. Forward-looking statements involved in this report including future plans do not make any material promise to investors. Investors should pay attention to investment risks. The Company has specified market, management and production and operation risks in this report. Please review the 10. Risks Facing the Company and Measures in Chapter 4 Operation Discussion and Analysis. The Company will distribute no cash dividends or bonus shares and has no reserve capitalization plan. 2 Interim Report 2020 of China Fangda Group Co., Ltd. Table of Contents Chapter I Important Statement, Table of Contents and Definitions .........................................................................................................2 Chapter II About the Company and
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Subway Map
    Beijing Subway Map Ming Tombs North Changping Line Changping Xishankou 十三陵景区 昌平西山口 Changping Beishaowa 昌平 北邵洼 Changping Dongguan 昌平东关 Nanshao南邵 Daoxianghulu Yongfeng Shahe University Park Line 5 稻香湖路 永丰 沙河高教园 Bei'anhe Tiantongyuan North Nanfaxin Shimen Shunyi Line 16 北安河 Tundian Shahe沙河 天通苑北 南法信 石门 顺义 Wenyanglu Yongfeng South Fengbo 温阳路 屯佃 俸伯 Line 15 永丰南 Gonghuacheng Line 8 巩华城 Houshayu后沙峪 Xibeiwang西北旺 Yuzhilu Pingxifu Tiantongyuan 育知路 平西府 天通苑 Zhuxinzhuang Hualikan花梨坎 马连洼 朱辛庄 Malianwa Huilongguan Dongdajie Tiantongyuan South Life Science Park 回龙观东大街 China International Exhibition Center Huilongguan 天通苑南 Nongda'nanlu农大南路 生命科学园 Longze Line 13 Line 14 国展 龙泽 回龙观 Lishuiqiao Sunhe Huoying霍营 立水桥 Shan’gezhuang Terminal 2 Terminal 3 Xi’erqi西二旗 善各庄 孙河 T2航站楼 T3航站楼 Anheqiao North Line 4 Yuxin育新 Lishuiqiao South 安河桥北 Qinghe 立水桥南 Maquanying Beigongmen Yuanmingyuan Park Beiyuan Xiyuan 清河 Xixiaokou西小口 Beiyuanlu North 马泉营 北宫门 西苑 圆明园 South Gate of 北苑 Laiguangying来广营 Zhiwuyuan Shangdi Yongtaizhuang永泰庄 Forest Park 北苑路北 Cuigezhuang 植物园 上地 Lincuiqiao林萃桥 森林公园南门 Datunlu East Xiangshan East Gate of Peking University Qinghuadongluxikou Wangjing West Donghuqu东湖渠 崔各庄 香山 北京大学东门 清华东路西口 Anlilu安立路 大屯路东 Chapeng 望京西 Wan’an 茶棚 Western Suburban Line 万安 Zhongguancun Wudaokou Liudaokou Beishatan Olympic Green Guanzhuang Wangjing Wangjing East 中关村 五道口 六道口 北沙滩 奥林匹克公园 关庄 望京 望京东 Yiheyuanximen Line 15 Huixinxijie Beikou Olympic Sports Center 惠新西街北口 Futong阜通 颐和园西门 Haidian Huangzhuang Zhichunlu 奥体中心 Huixinxijie Nankou Shaoyaoju 海淀黄庄 知春路 惠新西街南口 芍药居 Beitucheng Wangjing South望京南 北土城
    [Show full text]
  • 8Th Metro World Summit 201317-18 April
    30th Nov.Register to save before 8th Metro World $800 17-18 April Summit 2013 Shanghai, China Learning What Are The Series Speaker Operators Thinking About? Faculty Asia’s Premier Urban Rail Transit Conference, 8 Years Proven Track He Huawu Chief Engineer Record: A Comprehensive Understanding of the Planning, Ministry of Railways, PRC Operation and Construction of the Major Metro Projects. Li Guoyong Deputy Director-general of Conference Highlights: Department of Basic Industries National Development and + + + Reform Commission, PRC 15 30 50 Yu Guangyao Metro operators Industry speakers Networking hours President Shanghai Shentong Metro Corporation Ltd + ++ Zhang Shuren General Manager 80 100 One-on-One 300 Beijing Subway Corporation Metro projects meetings CXOs Zhang Xingyan Chairman Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd Tan Jibin Chairman Dalian Metro Pak Nin David Yam Head of International Business MTR C. C CHANG President Taoyuan Metro Corp. Sunder Jethwani Chief Executive Property Development Department, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. Rachmadi Chief Engineering and Project Officer PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta Khoo Hean Siang Executive Vice President SMRT Train N. Sivasailam Managing Director Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. Endorser Register Today! Contact us Via E: [email protected] T: +86 21 6840 7631 W: http://www.cdmc.org.cn/mws F: +86 21 6840 7633 8th Metro World Summit 2013 17-18 April | Shanghai, China China Urban Rail Plan 2012 Dear Colleagues, During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period (2011-2015), China's national railway operation of total mileage will increase from the current 91,000 km to 120,000 km. Among them, the domestic urban rail construction showing unprecedented hot situation, a new round of metro construction will gradually develop throughout the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Some Airport-Rail Links Get Built and Others Do Not: the Role of Institutions, Equity and Financing
    Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel S.M. in Engineering Systems- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010 Vordiplom in Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen- Universität Karlsruhe, 2007 Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Political Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2011 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2011. All rights reserved. Author . Department of Political Science October 12, 2010 Certified by . Kenneth Oye Associate Professor of Political Science Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Roger Peterson Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science Chair, Graduate Program Committee 1 Why some airport-rail links get built and others do not: the role of institutions, equity and financing by Julia Nickel Submitted to the Department of Political Science On October 12, 2010, in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Political Science Abstract The thesis seeks to provide an understanding of reasons for different outcomes of airport ground access projects. Five in-depth case studies (Hongkong, Tokyo-Narita, London- Heathrow, Chicago- O’Hare and Paris-Charles de Gaulle) and eight smaller case studies (Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Shanghai-Pudong, Bangkok, Beijing, Rome- Fiumicino, Istanbul-Atatürk and Munich- Franz Josef Strauss) are conducted. The thesis builds on existing literature that compares airport-rail links by explicitly considering the influence of the institutional environment of an airport on its ground access situation and by paying special attention to recently opened dedicated airport expresses in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013
    Important Notes 4 (Ⅰ) Definitions and Significant Risk Warning 5 (Ⅱ) Company Profile 6 (Ⅲ) Accounting Data and Financial Indicators 9 (IV) Report of the Board of Directors 12 (V) Important Issues 43 (VI) Changes in Equity and Shareholders 53 (VII) Directors, supervisors and Senior management 59 (VIII) Corporate Governance 69 (IX) Internal Control 74 (X) Financial Report 75 (XI) Documents Available for Inspection 203 Neusoft Annual Report 2013 Dr. Liu Jiren Chairman Neusoft Corporation The world is changing faster than ever before. An increasing number of new policies, transformative technologies and new trend are constantly catalyzing innovative business models, emerging markets and new demands in recent years. With that big picture in mind, Neusoft has always been focusing on innovation and globalization. We encourage in- novation at all levels of our operations to drive transformation for better. Specifically, we have built a robust growth model driven by knowledge assets. These efforts have helped us not only overcome many challenges and ward off potential risks, but also build our new competitive advantages. Today, new technologies such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and social media are overthrowing tra- ditional business models with new IT products/services and business patterns springing up. This stimulated new mar- ket demands and gradually broke industry barriers, and what followed by are increasingly growing cross-industry competition and cooperation. Over the past twenty-plus years, Neusoft has achieved a great-leap-forward growth through incremental innovation and transformation. In the future, we will integrate innovation into a daily routine, reengineering and strengthening our business capabilities through collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation Limited* 中國鐵路通信信號股份有限公司 (A joint stock limited liability company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China) (Stock Code: 3969) ANNOUNCEMENT ON BID-WINNING OF IMPORTANT PROJECTS IN THE RAIL TRANSIT MARKET This announcement is made by China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation Limited* (the “Company”) pursuant to Rules 13.09 and 13.10B of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Listing Rules”) and the Inside Information Provisions (as defined in the Listing Rules) under Part XIVA of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Chapter 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong). From July to August 2020, the Company has won the bidding for a total of ten important projects in the rail transit market, among which, three are acquired from the railway market, namely four power integration and the related works for the CJLLXZH-2 tender section of the newly built Langfang East-New Airport intercity link (the “Phase-I Project for the Newly-built Intercity Link”) with a tender amount of RMB113 million, four power integration and the related works for the XJSD tender section of the newly built
    [Show full text]
  • Mitsubishi Electric and Zhuzhou CSR Times Electronic Win Order for Beijing Subway Railcar Equipment
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE No. 2496 Product Inquiries: Media Contact: Overseas Marketing Division, Public Utility Systems Group Public Relations Division Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Tel: +81-3-3218-1415 Tel: +81-3-3218-3380 [email protected] [email protected] http://global.mitsubishielectric.com/transportation/ http://global.mitsubishielectric.com/news/ Mitsubishi Electric and Zhuzhou CSR Times Electronic Win Order for Beijing Subway Railcar Equipment Tokyo, January 13, 2010 – Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (TOKYO: 6503) announced today that Mitsubishi Electric and Zhuzhou CSR Times Electronic Co., Ltd. have received orders from Beijing MTR Construction Administration Corporation for electric railcar equipment to be used on the Beijing Subway Changping Line. The order, worth approximately 3.6 billion yen, comprises variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) inverters, traction motors, auxiliary power supplies, regenerative braking systems and other electric equipment for 27 six-coach trains. Deliveries will begin this May. The Changping Line is one of five new subway lines scheduled to start operating in Beijing this year. The 32.7-kilometer line running through the Changping district of northwest Beijing will have 9 stops between Xierqi and Ming Tombs Scenic Area stations. Mitsubishi Electric’s Itami Works will manufacture traction motors for the 162 coaches. Zhuzhou CSR Times Electronic will make the box frames and procure certain components. Zhuzhou Shiling Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd, a joint-venture between the two companies, will assemble all components and execute final testing. Mitsubishi Electric already has received a large number of orders for electric railcar equipment around the world. In China alone, orders received from city metros include products for the Beijing Subway lines 2 and 8; Tianjin Metro lines 1, 2 and 3; Guangzhou Metro lines 4 and 5; and Shenyang Metro Line 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Evaluation of the Beijing Metro Project Financing Reforms
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 291 International Conference on Management, Economics, Education, Arts and Humanities (MEEAH 2018) Analysis and Evaluation of the Beijing Metro Project Financing Reforms Haibin Zhao1,a, Bingjie Ren2,b, Ting Wang3,c 1Ministry of Transport Research Institute, Chaoyang, Beijing, China,100029; 2Beijing Urban Construction Design & Development Group Co., Limited, Xicheng, Beijing, China,100037; 3School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian, Beijing, China, 100044. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: metro; financing; marketisation; reform Abstract. The construction and operation of a metro system are costly, and the sustainable development of a metro system is difficult using government funding alone, particularly for developing countries. The main source for metro system financing in China is, currently, government budget and bank debt. Many cities have begun to seek new ways to attract funds from finance markets, which is increasing the need for the evaluation of metro financing. This study uses Beijing as a case study that utilises various financing modes with impressive results. As participants of the financing reform, the authors collected all the relative government documents and interviewed stakeholders to accomplish this work. This article reviews the development of financing modes for the Beijing Metro system during the last four decades and analyses the role of the government in the reformed financing system within the Chinese social political environment. The study addresses the advantages and challenges of the reforms in this context. To further analyses the technical processes of typical financing modes, the public-private partnership mode of Line 4, the BT mode of Olympic Branch Line, the insurance claim mode of Line 10 and the failure of the market oriented financing for Capital Airport Line are analysed and evaluated in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Trams Der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1
    www.blickpunktstrab.net – Trams der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1 Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Metro ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Constantine ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Oran ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Ouragla ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sétif ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sidi Bel Abbès ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF ... Metro ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Caballito ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Lacroze (General Urquiza) ... Interurban (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Premetro E ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Tren de la Costa ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Córdoba, Córdoba ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Mar del Plata, BA ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 900 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Valle Hermoso, Córdoba ... Tram-Museum (Electric) ... 600 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Metro ... 1524 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Trolleybus Australia ... Adelaide, SA - Glenelg ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Ballarat, VIC ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Bendigo, VIC ... Heritage-Tram
    [Show full text]
  • 5G for Trains
    5G for Trains Bharat Bhatia Chair, ITU-R WP5D SWG on PPDR Chair, APT-AWG Task Group on PPDR President, ITU-APT foundation of India Head of International Spectrum, Motorola Solutions Inc. Slide 1 Operations • Train operations, monitoring and control GSM-R • Real-time telemetry • Fleet/track maintenance • Increasing track capacity • Unattended Train Operations • Mobile workforce applications • Sensors – big data analytics • Mass Rescue Operation • Supply chain Safety Customer services GSM-R • Remote diagnostics • Travel information • Remote control in case of • Advertisements emergency • Location based services • Passenger emergency • Infotainment - Multimedia communications Passenger information display • Platform-to-driver video • Personal multimedia • In-train CCTV surveillance - train-to- entertainment station/OCC video • In-train wi-fi – broadband • Security internet access • Video analytics What is GSM-R? GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centres GSM-R is an adaptation of GSM to provide mission critical features for railway operation and can work at speeds up to 500 km/hour. It is based on EIRENE – MORANE specifications. (EUROPEAN INTEGRATED RAILWAY RADIO ENHANCED NETWORK and Mobile radio for Railway Networks in Europe) GSM-R Stanadardisation UIC the International
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure of PPP Mode in Chinese-With Beijing Metro Line As an Example Ru Yue Li Southwest Jiao Tong University, Jiao Da RD
    DOI: 10.21276/sjet.2017.5.3.7 Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET) ISSN 2321-435X (Online) Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2017; 5(3):117-121 ISSN 2347-9523 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article Infrastructure of PPP Mode in Chinese-with Beijing Metro Line as an example Ru Yue Li Southwest Jiao tong University, Jiao Da RD. Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, China *Corresponding author Ru Yue Li Email: [email protected] Abstract: Public infrastructure has obvious public welfare, social than economic benefits, in the same time, the construction of the huge initial investment alone operating income during the irreparable. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce market competition mechanism in the construction of public infrastructure, and broaden the financing channels and the development of a wide range of investors. Private enterprises to participate in the construction of public infrastructure is a good way, it can effectively alleviate the shortage of construction funds situation. Keywords: PPP mode Infrastructure Beijing Metro Line. PPP MODEL as the whole process of PPP project financing, and that Situation Study in abroad during this period the government and the private sector PPP originated in the United Kingdom, from should assume a shared responsibility and risk. the development of PFI (Private Finance Initiative). It Domestic classification of PPP model is mainly taken means "private financing" and translated as "private Wang Hao approach, through the PPP model is divided finance initiative" in our country .UNDP believes PPP into qualitative analysis class outsourcing, franchising should include an informal dialogue between and privatization category .
    [Show full text]