Editor Layout Contents Carl Olof Cederlund Tiina Miettinen Södertörns högskola The National Board of Antiquities (University College) Finland Sallamaria Tikkanen Box 4101, SE - 14104 PL 913, FIN-00101 What is MoSS? Page 2 Huddinge, SWEDEN Helsinki, FINLAND Phone +46 8 608 4201 Phone +358 9 4050 9313 Carl Olof Cederlund Fax +46 8 6084360 Fax +358 9 4050 9292 Background and Future Perspectives [email protected] [email protected] of the MoSS Project page 3 Published quarterly with the support of the Culture 2000 Programme of Presentation of the Partners of the Project the European Union. The issues will be published according to the and Their Representatives page 5 following timetable: Presentation of the External Evaluator Newsletter 2002:II Newsletter 2003:III of the Project and His Organization page 12 Theme: Vrouw Maria Theme: The Monitoring Theme October 2002 October 2003 Presentation of the Four Wreck Sites Newsletter 2003:IV within the Project: Finland page 13 Newsletter 2002:III Germany page 18 Theme: The Darsser Cog Theme: The Visualization Theme The Netherlands page 22 December 2002 December 2003 Sweden page 26 Newsletter 2003:I Newsletter 2004:I Theme: The Burgzand Noord Theme: The Safeguarding Theme The European Significance of March 2003 March 2004 the Chosen Shipwreck Sites page 30 Newsletter 2003:II Newsletter 2004:II Introduction and the Address of Theme: The E. Nordevall Theme: The presentation of the the MoSS Web-Site page 31 May 2003 results of the project June 2004 What’s on? Meetings and Seminars page 32 Introduction This is the first issue of the MoSS Newsletter. The project will produce and distribute nine issues of the Newsletter all in all. The first issue and the last issue are more extensive while the ones in between have the character of information leaflets. The first issue presents the project, its background, aims, and motives. The next four issues will each present one of the wreck sites of the project in detail and give information about the development of the work done on each site both within the project and in general. The following three issues will each deal with one of the themes of the project. The last issue of the Newsletter will introduce the results of the project. Carl Olof Cederlund Editor Sallamaria Tikkanen What Is MoSS? The project is set up with the aim of monitoring, In the wreck, divers have found ceramic pots from the safeguarding and visualizing shipwrecks. When Iberian Peninsula (now Spain and Portugal). The wreck is monitoring the condition of the wrecks, our objective is located in the western part of the Wadden Sea. The to develop and improve the methods used in monitoring wreck in Germany is an unknown cog from the 13th the physical and environmental conditions of shipwrecks. century. The wreck is at the mouth of Prerowstrom in the In the course of the project, three different wrecks get state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The wreck in devices that measure environmental conditions. The Sweden is a paddle steamer called E. Nordevall that safeguarding of the wrecks includes outlining and suffered shipwreck in 1856. The wreck is in lake Vättern. developing models to protect shipwrecks so that also the The wreck in Finland is a merchant vessel called Vrouw needs of different public groups are taken into Maria. The Snow ship was on her way from account. When visualizing the shipwreck Amsterdam to St. Petersburg in 1771 when sites, the aim is to inform the she suffered shipwreck and sank in the European public about the archipelago in the most southwestern shipwrecks of the project in many parts of Finland. All the wrecks have languages and many ways, and lasted extremely well: two of them special attention is given to are almost intact and two of them different visual aids. have lower parts of the hull left. The project consists of The four wrecks are in fieldwork, Internet sites, different kinds of underwater publications, posters, leaflets, environments: in an inland sea reports, articles, meetings, and by the Atlantic, in brackish waters seminars. Information on the in the southern and northern wrecks will be sent out in parts of the Baltic Sea, and in a various ways. One of our fresh water lake. In other words, objectives, which are both short we get many-sided information and long term, is to produce when we monitor the physical and information not only to the general environmental conditions of the wrecks. public but also to the experts in the area The project results are registered of protecting the cultural heritage. regularly, and the Project Evaluation Board gives The aim is to awaken European peoples' interest to an annual report to the European Commission. In the our common underwater cultural heritage and to have board there is also an outside evaluator. the general public participate in protecting the heritage. The MoSS Project is funded by the European The project acts as an underwater window to four Community Culture 2000 Programme. The Culture 2000 significant European shipwrecks in the Netherlands, Programme is a European Community programme that Germany, Sweden, and Finland. supports transnational cultural co-operation projects that The main organizer of the project is the Maritime involve organizers from several countries. The objectives Museum of Finland, which is answerable for the project are among other things to encourage co-operation, to as a whole. The co-organizers are the Mary Rose promote the common European cultural heritage, and Archaeological Services Ltd. (UK), the Netherlands to disseminate the knowledge of the history and culture Institute for Ship- and Underwater Archaeology (The of the peoples of Europe. In 2001, it was the first time Netherlands), the Centre for Maritime Archaeology projects on underwater archaeology were called to take (Denmark), the Archaeological State Museum of part in the program. Our project is the first international Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany), and Södertörns shipwreck project that was taken within the Culture högskola, University college (Sweden). 2000 Programme. The project is based on four shipwrecks, all of which are of great significance from a European point of view. More Information The wrecks are located in the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Finland. The wreck in the Netherlands is an General information on the project will be given by unknown merchant vessel that has been dated to the Sallamaria Tikkanen, Project Leader, The Maritime middle of the 17th century. It may be that the ship Museum of Finland. Phone +358 9 4050 9057, e-mail originates from the areas that now belong to Germany. [email protected] Page 2 1/2002 MoSS Newsletter Carl Olof Cederlund Background and Future Perspectives of the MoSS Project In a historical perspective, the introduction of and the use of such during the Second World War by human activity and human society in its different forms the nations taking part in the naval warfare, the scuba into the marine environment is closely related to the diving equipment was introduced world wide. It is this development of diving and underwater techniques. The equipment that today makes it possible for hundreds of interest in history and archaeology, long inherent in the thousands of individuals to dive down into and study the human society, has been introduced into the underwater world and the archaeological remains there, underwater world – and all the archaeological remains among which the wrecks of old ships take a special there - successively and in step with the development of place. the techniques. The scuba diving is an activity that now has been Historical interest was expressed through diving expanding for half a century and that seems to continue and salvaging operations, although very rarely, even to do so. At the beginning, scuba diving was to a high before the times when the diving apparatus and the degree an idealistic sports movement, but since then it diving suit were introduced in the 19th century. One has successively been turning into a more and more then used diving bells and early diving equipment with a commercial-related activity. In the center of this there are simple, technical design – or free diving. several important and dominant factors such as the selling of diving education, diving traveling and trips, not The Introduction of the Heavy Diving Suit least to wreck sites, and the selling of diving equipment. While scuba diving has attracted a growing The same historical interest can be seen to expand number of people in Europe, also professional diving has in the middle of the 19th century. This was evidently developed methods that enable us to visit and work connected with the introduction of the heavy diving suit deeper than ever before. Underwater techniques of that enabled divers to stay and work longer periods of different types, for example for underwater work in the time underwater. The different types of diving suit offshore industry, and instruments for searching, designs that were developed in the 19th century were surveying and documentation have become more bought and used by several European nations and their refined and resourceful. Especially the new, different navies. However, the suits were used not only for the acoustic and electronic instruments for underwater underwater technical needs of the navies, but also for recording have come into use. diving and salvaging for example old wreck sites, especially old naval vessels. This was an apparent activity The Present and the Future in Sweden already in the 1840’s. Not only the big navy organizations but also private The underwater and diving techniques will of salvaging companies took the heavy diving suit as a part course continue to expand and develop in the future. It is of the technical means for salvage operations.