Knowing Dogs 101: Staff Training for Pet Care Centers
Dog Language
Robin Bennett, CPDT-KA Susan Briggs, CKO
This staff workbook belongs to:
ii Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language Staff Workbook By Robin Bennett, CPDT-KA, and Susan Briggs, CKO
Published by: The Dog Gurus 1312 Harvard St. Houston, TX 77008 www.TheDogGurus.com
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
Copyright © 2017, Robin Bennett and Susan Briggs
Bennett, Robin and Briggs, Susan Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language Robin Bennett, CPDT-KA Susan Briggs, CKO P.cm.
Cover by Amanda Nelson at Nvoke Design
All other photos courtesy of the authors
Limits of Liability and Disclaimer: This book has been published with the intent to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter within. While every precaution has been taken in preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information herein. Furthermore, the authors and publisher shall not be liable in the event of incidental or consequential damages or loss in connection with, or arising out of the furnishing, performance, or use of the instructions or suggestions contained in this book.
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Program Goals Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language
Welcome to the Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language, developed and produced by Robin Bennett and Susan Briggs. Information for this staff-training program is from the book, Off-Leash Dog Play: A Complete Guide to Safety & Fun, by Robin Bennett and Susan Briggs. The program has been designed so procedures discussed can be customized to your specific pet care center.
Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language was developed to keep pet care providers safe while working with dogs in a professional pet care center. Dogs have a language that they use to communicate with each other, with humans and with other animals. When you learn and understand their language you’ll recognize warning signs and signals that the dog is not comfortable and how to safely respond.
We also want dogs that feel comfortable and enjoy their experiences in a professional pet care center. The information included in the Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language program helps pet care providers recognize the early warning signs of discomfort and how to take action to make each dog comfortable. This will result in happier and healthier dogs that make your job easier, and satisfied clients that keep coming back.
We are passionate about providing the information pet care providers need to be successful. Knowing Dogs 101: Dog Language, is a key foundation for further study. Dogs have a lot to teach us and we invite you to join us in learning and understanding their behaviors.
Robin & Susan
For those who are serious about training their staff in safe off-leash dog play, we invite you to become members of our online community at www.TheDogGurus.com where you can earn badges for using this resource and obtain other exclusive information on how to run a safe off-leash play program.
Table of Contents
Module Information and Tools ...... 1 Personal Learning Journal ...... 3 Pre-Course Assessment ...... 4 Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Study Aids ...... 7 Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Evaluation ...... 12 Module 2: Body Language Basics Study Aids ...... 17 Module 2: Body Language Basics Evaluation ...... 25 Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Study Aids ...... 31 Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Evaluation ...... 36 Module 4: Emotional States Study Aids ...... 39 Module 4: Emotional States Evaluation ...... 44 Module 5: Dogs in Stress Study Aids ...... 47 Module 5: Dogs in Stress Evaluation ...... 52 Module 6: Dog Aggression Study Aids ...... 57 Module 6: Dog Aggression Evaluation ...... 60 Module 7: Leadership Study Aids ...... 63 Module 7: Leadership Evaluation ...... 66 Module 8: Social Interactions Study Aids ...... 69 Module 8: Social Interactions Evaluation ...... 73 Post-Course Assessment ...... 77 Reorder Information ...... 81
Module Information and Tools
The staff workbook is designed to be a resource of material covered in each training session for your ongoing reference. It is intended that you add your own notes to the resource material printed from the teaching presentations. The workbook also provides a summary of your progress in learning the material and developing skills during the training. Finally, the workbook includes evaluation questions and exercises of material learned, activity notes and case study observation results. We anticipate the workbook will get a lot of wear and tear during your adventure in learning dog language. Enjoy the experience!
The following symbols are used in the workbook to alert you to an activity you will complete while watching the teaching sessions: a hand-out customized for your pet care center, a hands-on activity that you will perform after the end of the training session, a shift tip to continue the learning process on-the- job, or a place for you to write down questions you have for your supervisor about applying the material to your job.
This symbol indicates there is an activity for you to complete in your guide during the session.
This symbol indicates you will receive a separate handout from your supervisor of information that is specific to your pet care center.
This symbol indicates that there is a hands-on activity for you to complete in your pet center using the material learned in the module.
2 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
This symbol indicates there are suggested shift tips to take on-the-job during your shift to continue the learning from the module.
This symbol indicates the area for you to write down questions you have for your supervisor from this module.
Personal Learning Journal
The chart below is a personal learning journal you can use to track your progress as you complete this course. The course is self-paced as directed by your supervisor and each module builds on material presented earlier. It is important that you have a good understanding of the material presented in each module and are able to apply it when working with dogs before you proceed to viewing new material in the next module.
The Personal Learning Journal chart will help you track your progress regarding dates you complete the viewing of each module and the related hands-on activity. The journal also tracks your Evaluation score from each module with a goal of 80% to be achieved prior to proceeding to the next module. You should also have completed the hands-on activity and received either an Excellent or Satisfactory score from your supervisor. Finally, you should feel either Good or Very Confident applying the knowledge and skills from the module to your job working with dogs. If you feel like another viewing of the module and more practice time would be helpful, then stop your progress and spend extra time with that material.
Hands-on Hands-on Are you able Viewing Evaluation Module Activity Date Activity to apply to Date Score Completed Feedback your job? 1 – Dogs 101
2 – Body Language Basics
3 – Human & Dog Greetings
4 – Emotional States
5 – Dogs in Stress
6 – Dog Aggression
7 – Leadership
8 – Social Interactions
The following pre-course assessment is a tool for you and your supervisor to know your current base of knowledge. It does not matter how you do on the pre-course assessment! Your goal is improvement in knowledge and skills after completing the course. Relax and just answer the following questions the best you can with the knowledge and skills you have today. 4 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Pre-Course Assessment
1. Full maturity of a puppy varies based on size with larger breeds maturing more quickly. a. True b. False 2. The confidence level of a puppy will increase until maturity which is typically at what age? a. 6 months to 3 years b. 9 months to 2 years c. 1 to 2 years d. 18 months to 3 years 3. During this phase permanent teeth are growing resulting in chewing and biting behaviors. a. Fear Impact 1 b. Seniority c. Flight Instinct d. All of the above 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about dog communication? a. Dogs communicate with body postures & facial expressions b. Dogs communicate with vocalizations & eliminations c. Dog language is obvious & occurs slowly d. To avoid miscommunications we need to learn dog language 5. Which of the following statements is true regarding scent communication in dogs? a. Most highly developed sense b. Usually the second sense used after sight c. Eliminations provide long-distance communication d. A & C e. All of the above 6. Why is learning dog language important to your job in the pet care center? 7. Describe a dog that has a relaxed or neutral body posture. 8. Which of the following common myths about dogs is true? a. A wagging tail always means the dog is friendly b. A quiet dog who accepts petting is fine with people c. Our dog let’s our kids hug him so it is safe for our neighbor kids to hug him d. Supervision of kids and dogs for safety is only effective if the person supervising knows what the dog is saying Pre Course Assessment 5
9. Describe the body language of a dog in a fearful emotional state: a. Posture - b. Ears - c. Facial Expression (eyes & mouth) - d. Tail – 10. Which of the following behaviors would you not use when you observe a dog that is in a cautious or yellow emotional state? a. Use calming signals b. Remain calm & confident c. Continue your approach at current speed d. Slow your movements 11. Which of the following is not true related to dog stress signals a. May be used to calm themselves down b. Serves as an early indicator of discomfort c. The number of signals that a dog is exhibiting is not important d. Indicates that a dog is uncomfortable 12. Eliminating the symptom of stress works as well as finding and eliminating the source of stress for the dog. a. True b. False 13. Dog aggression means dogs are fighting or attacking. a. True b. False 14. Some dog aggressive displays are appropriate for the situation. a. True b. False 15. Which of the following is an appropriate response when a dog displays aggression toward you? a. Look away b. Stop approach c. Show your dominance d. A & B 16. Which of the following is not a quality of a good dog leadership? a. Tall posture b. Calm attitude c. Dominant attitude d. Sets & enforces limits 17. Good leadership means setting dogs up for success. a. True b. False 6 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
18. Body blocking is an effective tool working with dogs because: a. Your dominance is demonstrated b. Dogs are sensitive to their physical space c. Jumping dogs will be injured and stop the behavior d. All of the above 19. Warning behaviors by a dog (like growling and snarling) are always a problem and should be corrected. a. True b. False 20. Which of the following is a reason that a dog will show a confidence behavior? a. Avoid serious conflicts b. Reinforce their higher rank c. Start a fight with a lower ranking dog d. A & B
Complete the following chart with your self-assessment of your dog knowledge and handling skills prior to taking this course. For each statement check the box that best fits how you feel today about your knowledge or skill in that area.
Learning Very Knowledge or Skill Opportunity Good Confident Recognizing different dog breeds (12 or more) and knowing their specific traits and behaviors Understanding a dog’s emotional state by observing it’s body posture, ear position and facial expression Recognizing the different stress signals ( 5 or more) a dog will display when uncomfortable All my interactions with dogs are enjoyed by them as shown by their body language My dog leadership skills are appropriate and respected by all dogs I meet
Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Study Aids
The study aid section lists key points covered in the training session. We encourage you to add your own notes to your workbook to provide a personalized resource that you can use to complete evaluation exercises, consult to improve your skills and as a reference book after completing the course.
Primary Goals in Providing Pet Care • Minimize stress • Provide personal service • Create an enjoyable environment • Happy Pets!
Dog Management Handling Rules
You should receive a separate handout of the rules that are specific to your pet care center.
Dog Groups and Breeds Complete the Purpose or Background information in the chart below from the information presented in the session for each Breed Group.
Group Breeds Purpose or Background Sporting Golden Retriever Cocker Spaniel Brittany Weimaraner Labrador Retriever Irish Setter Hounds Beagle Dachshund Whippet Basset Hound Bloodhound Greyhound Working Group Rottweiler Boxer Great Dane Doberman Husky Mastiff 8 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Group Breeds Purpose or Background Terriers Bull Terrier West Highland White Terrier Schnauzer Irish Terrier Norfolk Terrier Scottish Terrier Toy Group Toy Poodle Pug Chihuahua Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Maltese Pomeranian Herding Group German Shepherd Shetland Sheepdog Collie Australian Cattle Dog Border Collie Corgi Non-Sporting Group Dalmatian Miniature Poodle Chow Chow Bulldog French Bulldog Shar-Pei
Match the breed photos to the behavior traits listed on the slide during the session. Write the breed for each photo in the chart below.
Behavior Trait Photo Letter Breed Guarding Digging Nipping
A. B. C.
Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Study Aids 9
Caring for Different Breeds • Breed background contributes to personality and behavior • Be aware of breed temperament as you approach each dog • Consider breed temperament when interacting with each dog • Mixed breeds – look at physical and behavior clues
Stages of Development • Important phases of development as puppies grow • Smaller breeds tend to develop quicker than larger breeds • Development times will vary by individual dog • Note several phases do overlap
Shaded stages are those that a puppy goes through early in life and before they typically would be using services at a pet care center. The program covers stages of dogs that are typically seen in pet care centers.
Development Off-leash Playgroup Key Developments Stage Considerations Neonatal Devoted to obtaining nutrition. Too young for playgroup (birth – 2 weeks) Senses - touch & taste (eyes closed & deaf); Puppies can be harmed physically reacts to cold & pain more than psychologically. Slow crawl Vocalization – distress calls Transition Changes in basic sensory & motor Too young for playgroup (2-3 weeks) capabilities. Puppies begin to show Period begins with eyes opening & ends communication through body when sounds cause a startle response. Teeth language. form. Begin to see adult behaviors, movements & nutrition. Awareness First uses senses of sight & hearing. Too young for playgroup (3-4 weeks) Key period of development so puppy should Puppies begin to learn what it is be kept stable & not moved. to be a dog. Develops comfort from the “familiar”. Canine Critical period for psychological Too young for playgroup Puppy Socialization development/damage; social & location learns to use dog body language (1-2 months) relationships important. & vocalizations to communicate. New behavior patterns related to mother & Learns to accept discipline from littermates; puppy investigates. mother. Social bonding with Weaning to solid food with eliminations humans & others. Key time to be outside nest box. with pack to learn dog language; Adult behaviors in playful form, social play, stay at least through 7 weeks. develops relationships easily, tail wag begins. 10 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Development Off-leash Playgroup Key Developments Stage Considerations Human Good time to introduce puppy to new home Puppy socialization in small Socialization & environment. Attention span is short & groups with properly matched (2-3 months) learning is permanent. puppy & adult dog playmates. Fear response to strangers. Begin positive puppy training.
Fear Impact Any traumatic experience may have a lasting Critical that all social interactions Period I impression on puppy. New experiences be fun & positive. Fearful adult (2-3 months) must be non-threatening and extra care behaviors can result from “overlaps” taken to make puppy feel safe. experiences puppy perceives as threatening. Seniority Period of adjustment, all sense organs fully Playgroups with good Classification developed. Permanent teeth growing; experienced leadership. (3-4 months) results in chewing & biting behaviors. Discourage all biting behaviors. Leadership is challenged with some Consistent enforcement of rules aggressive behaviors displayed. & boundaries with a lot of patience and positive reinforcement. Flight Instinct Dog’s natural instinct to explore new Playgroups with properly (4-8 months) territory is evident. May ignore “come” cue matched playmates. Reward & see human chasing them as a game. “come”; be sure no negatives or Teething continues & so does chewing discipline are given if dog does behaviors. come. Needs to learn “come” is a safe cue to follow. Fear Impact Fear of change or new experiences. Playgroups with properly Period II Dependent on growth spurts so dog may go matched playmates. Work to (6-14 months) through more than one during period. May build confidence and do not force be reluctant of new situations & people; the into new situations. Leader must “unfamiliar”. Do not force dog into have patience & understanding; situations or provide comfort when showing allow dog to come around on fear. their own. Maturity Timing differs by breed with average being Playgroups with properly (1-4 years) 18 months – 3 years. Smaller breeds mature matched playmates. Strong earlier than larger breeds. Dogs may renew leadership is very important with leadership challenges & display aggressive consistent enforcement of rules. behaviors. Challenges for position within the Do not allow resource guarding family pack. Human leadership is critical to or inappropriate aggressive minimize aggression, bites and territorial behaviors. Dog social rank displays. Reward “watchdog” behaviors your challenges will be observed & want & correct high arousal displays. should be supported by human leadership as long as dog conversations are appropriate.
Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Study Aids 11
Identify two key stages of development where the care provided in a pet center can potentially have a long-term negative impact on an individual’s dog behavior.
Name of Stage What situation could lead to a negative impact on dog behavior?
A puppy that refuses to come to you when at the end of their exercise session may be in which stage of development?
A puppy that arrives for their second groom appointment at your center and does not want to go into the holding cage may be in which stage of development?
Summary • Treat each pet with respect • Create an environment that pets enjoy • Remember breed make-up contributes to an individual dog’s personality and behavior • Remember the puppy stages of development o Fear periods are critical times and require special care o Have patience and be consistent in handling
Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Evaluation
You will need a breed resource book or access to AKC website (www.akc.org) to complete all the evaluation exercises.
1. Match the breeds listed below to their AKC group:
Group Breed Group Letter 1. Corgi A. Sporting Breeds 2. Miniature Schnauzer B. Hounds 3. Boxer C. Working Group 4. Dachshund D. Terriers 5. Labrador E. Toy Group 6. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel F. Non-Sporting Group 7. French Bulldog G. Herding
2. Choose one group from the chart above and describe typical traits or role of the breeds within the group.
3. Match the behavior description to the breed that is most likely to exhibit it based on their background:
Breed Behavior Breed Letter 1. Nip at your heels A. Bull Mastiff 2. Guard the front yard B. Foxhound 3. Carry toy in their mouth C. Australian Cattle Dog 4. Walk around play area sniffing ground D. Cairn Terrier 5. Dig in corner of play yard E. Bichon Frise 6. Jump into your lap when you sit down F. English Springer Spaniel 7. Bounce and play with you in play yard G. Papillon Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Evaluation 13
4. Using your breed reference book or the AKC website (www.akc.org) fill in the blanks below. For each group add two additional breeds of dogs that you know or have seen in your pet care center (do not duplicate breeds listed).
Sporting: Golden Retriever, Cocker Spaniel, Brittany Spaniel, Weimaraner, Labrador Retriever, Irish Setter 1. 2.
Hounds: Beagle, Dachshund, Whippet, Basset Hound, Bloodhound, Greyhound 1. 2.
Working Group: Rottweiler, Boxer, Great Dane, Doberman, Husky, Mastiff 1. 2.
Terriers: Bull Terrier, West Highland Terrier, Schnauzer, Irish Terrier, Norfolk Terrier, Scottish Terrier 1. 2.
Toy Group: Toy Poodle, Pug, Chihuahua, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Maltese, Pomeranian 1. 2.
Herding Group: German Shepherd, Shetland Sheepdog, Collie, Australian Cattle Dog, Border Collie, Corgi 1. 2.
Non-Sporting Group: Dalmatian, Miniature Poodle, Chow Chow, Bulldog, French Bulldog, Shar-Pei 1. 2. 14 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
5. Complete the following chart by matching dog breed photo and breed trait description to the breed name:
Traits Breed Traits Letter 1. German Shorthaired Pointer A. Large, bold, tenacious, protective, dominant & cold tolerant 2. Irish Wolfhound B. Small, busy, bold with high energy; low grooming & harder to train 3. Akita C. Large, active, boisterous, playful & affectionate; low grooming 4. Jack Russell Terrier D. Large, gentle, jolly & headstrong; cold tolerant & high grooming 5. Miniature Pinscher(Min Pin) E. Small, smart, lively & eager to please; cold tolerant & moderate grooming 6. Old English Sheepdog F. Easy going, gentle giant, low energy & cold tolerant 7. American Eskimo Dog G. Small, playful, intelligent & likes action & adventure
1. German Shorthaired Pointer 2. Irish Wolfhound 3. Akita
4. Jack Russell Terrier 5. Miniature Pinscher 6. Old English Sheepdog 7. American Eskimo
Module 1: Breed Behavior and Stages of Development Evaluation 15
6. Explain why Fear Impact Periods are so important to a puppy’s emotional development.
7. You are working with a 4 month old puppy and he no longer comes to you when called; what development stage does this reflect? a. Awareness b. Seniority c. Flight Instinct d. Fear Impact
My Questions:
Shift Tips:
1. Walk through your center and make a guess as to breed or breed type of dogs you see.
2. Guess their age. 3. How many different breed groups are represented in your center today?
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 2: Body Language Basics Study Aids
Our learning begins using photographs to ensure the subtle differences in postures are noted and understood. As you progress through the course we will add video. Video will often be shown in slow motion to facilitate learning as regular motion is very fast for the human eye.
Dog Language • Dogs communicate with body postures, facial expressions and vocalizations • Much of the language is subtle and occurs extremely fast • To avoid miscommunications we need to learn their language
Dog Management Traffic Signal
Management Color Meaning Signal Green Positive situation for approach & dog management.
Yellow Concern for miscommunication or conflict. Monitor situation with caution. Watch for signs of stress, fear, alert or other warning signals.
Red High risk, work to diffuse situation or safely exit. Risk of conflict is increased due to high arousal, extreme stress, or fear.
Off-Leash Dog Play: Guide for Safety & Fun, printed with permission 18 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Body Posture Continuum
Confident Neutral & Relaxed Fearful or Subordinate
Confident Neutral & Relaxed Fearful & Subordinate Tall, weight forward on front legs Balanced on all four legs Low, weight shifted backward toward rear Dog appears large Dog appears small Stiff legs Lacks tension Legs crouched Body movement is stiff and Movement is relaxed, loose and Body movement is tense and tense curvy slow
Ear Positions • Neutral position (natural carriage) • Forward from neutral • Backward from neutral • Flattened against head • Sideways Module 2: Body Language Basics Study Aids 19
Ear Management Traffic Signal
Management Ear Position Dog Emotion Meaning Signal Neutral I’m at ease Relaxed Erect What’s that? Attentive, Interest Backward I’m no threat Friendly, Subordinate
Forward I’m in charge Confident Flattened I’m scared Threatened Spread Sideways I’m not sure Anxious, Unsure
Off-Leash Dog Play: Guide for Safety & Fun, printed with permission
Tail Positions • Neutral position (normal carriage) • High – horizontal or higher • Low • Speed of wag 20 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Tail Management Traffic Signal
Management Tail Position Dog Emotion Meaning Signal Or Movement Neutral position I’m at ease Relaxed Large wags at moderate I like you Friendly, Happy speed; may be in circles Small wags at moderate Hello Friendly Greeting speed Wags at slow speed I like that Pleased I don’t understand Problem solving
High position I’m in charge Confident Low position I’m no threat Subordinate (less confident) Fast small wags I’m interested Excitement
Slow & small rhythmic I’m watching with On guard wags concern
Module 2: Body Language Basics Study Aids 21
Facial Tension • Neutral expression: muscles loose and relaxed • Tense: visible and pronounced wrinkles around muzzle and forehead
Eyes • Neutral: soft eyes and small pupils • Larger pupil: higher level of arousal • Hard eyes and dilated pupil: high confidence or threat • Half-moon eyes (whites visible): fearful state • Smaller and elongated: passive, less confident signal
Facial Expression (Eyes & Muzzle) Management Traffic Signal
Management Facial Expression Dog Emotion Meaning Signal Relaxed muzzle & forehead I’m happy Relaxed Soft eyes I’m happy Relaxed Blinking eyes I’m no threat Friendly, less confident Look away; avoids eye contact I’m no threat Less confident, lower in rank Mouth slightly opened or I’m happy Relaxed softly closed
Slight wrinkling of muzzle & I’m concerned Alert forehead Narrow elongated eye I’m no threat Less confident Mouth pursed forward in “C” Go away Annoyed; confident dog shape & mostly closed Lips drawn back & mostly Go away Annoyed; subordinate dog closed Mouth wide open, lips drawn I’m afraid Fear in a less confident dog, back with panting I’m in pain stress signal Hard eyes with direct staring I challenge you Threat signal Stop that! Half moon eyes I’m scared Threat signal Mouth pursed forward in “C” Go away Warning; confident dog shape & showing teeth Lips drawn back & showing a Go away Warning; fearful dog lot of teeth Mouth closed tight with I challenge you Threat signal tension Stop that! Off-Leash Dog Play: Guide for Safety & Fun, printed with permission
22 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
All of these “words” put together communicate how the dog is feeling. You will look at each “word”: the body posture, ear position, tail carriage and facial expression together to accurately read each dog. Understanding the complete sentence will keep you safe when working with dogs in your pet care center.
Reading Body Language
Notes:
Scent Communication • Most highly developed sense • Often first sense used in communication • Eliminations provide long-distance communication • Dogs sniff in common pattern during greeting
Module 2: Body Language Basics Study Aids 23
Vocal Communication • Back-up body language signals • Differ in sounds and meanings o Barking o Growling o Howling o Whining o Whimpering o Yelping o Screaming o Champing
Vocal Management Traffic Signal
Management Sound Dog Emotion Meaning Signal Short bark “ruff” Hello, let’s play Pleasure & excitement Bark rising in pitch This is fun Enjoyable play Howl I hear you Group howl Champing I’m satisfied Friendly & no threat Growl (soft & playful) I want to play Playful & excited Whine I want Excited & eager
Rapid barking Calling the pack Alert call or alarm bark High pitch barking Help, I don’t like this Stress signal Single sharp bark Stop! What’s that? Surprise or annoyance Soft short growl Stop! Warning Whine (low) What’s that? Alert Moaning bark I’m not sure about this! Anxious
Long deep low growl Back off! Beware! Annoyed confident dog Growl-bark I’m upset! I’m Fearful annoyed dog that if frightened! pushed may fight Long growl with pitch I’m very terrified! Extreme fear of more changes submissive dog Whine I need Distress or fear Whimper I hurt, I’m scared Stress Yelp I’m hurt & scared Injured; physically or emotionally Scream Help, Help! I’m very Extreme fear; sound can scared! trigger prey drive in other dogs Off-Leash Dog Play: Guide for Safety & Fun, printed with permission 24 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Identify the traffic color signal of each dog photo shown during the session.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Summary • Look first at dog’s body posture • Green postures are safe to approach and indicate good health • Yellow postures are a warning signal – take action for your safety or for dog’s health • Red postures indicate an unsafe situation for you or the dog
Module 2: Body Language Basics Evaluation
The red traffic signal indicates a high-risk situation for your safety due to high arousal, extreme stress or fear in the dog. a. True b. False
2. How does the confident dog posture differ from the neutral posture?
3. How does the fearful or subordinate posture differ from the neutral posture?
4. High pitch barking indicates what emotion and meaning in a dog?
5. In the vocal communications chart below complete the following: a. Assign appropriate traffic color signal to each sound (green, yellow or red) b. Match the Sound to the vocal emotion & meaning (A through H)
Signal Emotion Sound Emotion & Meaning Color Letter 1. Single sharp bark A. I’m not sure about this. Anxious 2. Whine B. Stop! What’s that? Alert 3. Growl-bark C. I’m hurt & scared. Injured-physically or emotionally 4. Moaning bark D. Hello, let’s play. Pleasure & excitement 5. Yelp E. Stop! Warning 6. Long, deep, low growl F. I want. Excited & Eager 7. Short bark, “ruff” G. Back off! Beware! Annoyed & confident 8. Soft, short growl H. I’m upset & frightened. Fearful & annoyed 26 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
6. Review the following pictures and for each indicate the traffic signal color with your reason. Look above each photo for the body part in bold that you should focus on for your response (e.g., Body Posture, Ears, Tails & Facial Expression).
Body Posture Body Posture a. b.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Ears Ears c. d.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Module 2: Body Language Basics Evaluation 27
Tails Tails e. f.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Facial Expression Facial Expression g. h.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
28 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Facial Expression Facial Expression i. j.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
During your work shift be observant of dog postures, facial expressions & ear and tail positions. Complete the chart below from your observations of the dogs in your pet center:
Body Signal Dog Name & Breed Describe Situation & Reason for Language Ears backward
Ears erect
Tail large wags at moderate speed Tail low position
Half moon eyes
Mouth open, lips drawn back with panting Module 2: Body Language Basics Evaluation 29
My Questions
Shift Tips
1. Walk through your center and focus on the position of dog ears: a. Their normal ear posture b. Postures forward or backward from normal
2. Walk through your center and focus on the position of dog tails: a. Their normal carriage b. Tails higher or normal from normal
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Study Aids
Common Myths vs. the Truth About Dogs • A wagging tail can indicate a wide range of emotions • A quiet dog may be enjoying petting or just tolerating it • Most dogs merely tolerate hugs and kisses from people they know well • Dogs tolerate much more from those they know than from those who do not live with them • Supervision only works if the person supervising knows what the dog is saying
Understanding Dogs 1. Familiar or Unfamiliar 2. Personal Space Requirements 3. Greet at the Dog’s Pace 4. Tolerance or Enjoyment
Common Greeting Mistakes • Greeting Approach o Big smile o Reach out hand o Lean toward dog o Direct eye contact • Threatens fearful and less confident dogs • Lean over dogs • Hugging and kissing dogs • Head pats
Dog-Friendly Greetings • Turn body sideways (squat down with small dogs) • Keep arms near body • Look away • Wait for dog to approach you • Use Treats! • Ignore a fearful dog until they are more comfortable 32 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Dog Responses to Greeting
Management Signal Possible Dog Responses Safe Human Response Loose and wiggly Safe to approach and handle Stays for 2 seconds or more of soft interaction
Sniffs and moves away quickly Approach and handle with caution Dog jumps up and gets more Slow movements excited Use calming signals Dog does not want to approach Remain calm and confident Dog barks at you
Dog freezes Stop approach Divert eye contact Back away slowly
Tolerance vs. Enjoyment • Look for the dog that is enjoying your interaction by showing soft, loose body language and friendly behavior (he wants to be with you) • Beware the dog that is merely tolerating your interacting by showing a lack of loose behavior, avoidance or stress signals
Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Study Aids 33
For each of the photos decide if the dog is “enjoying or just tolerating” the interaction by circling your answer for each photo. a. b.
Enjoyment or Tolerance Enjoyment or Tolerance
c. d.
Enjoyment or Tolerance Enjoyment or Tolerance 34 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook e. f.
Enjoyment or Tolerance Enjoying or Tolerating
For each of the photos decide if the interaction is a “do or a don’t” by circling your answer for each photo. a. b.
Do or Don’t Do or Don’t
Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Study Aids 35 c. d.
Do or Don’t Do or Don’t
.
e. f.
Do or Don’t Do or Don’t
Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Evaluation
1. In general dogs tolerate, rather than enjoy the following activity with humans: a. Hugs b. Kisses c. Pats and pets from strangers d. All of the above
2. Briefly explain why we are concerned as pet care providers with a first-time dog visitor coming to our center?
3. Dogs have a specific view of their world. Which of the following does not reflect a dog’s view? a. Personal space requirements vary by individual dog b. It is always scary to meet new people c. Places are either familiar or unfamiliar d. Each dog will tell you how fast you can safely greet them e. A dog may tolerate our hugs and kisses and not enjoy them
4. Complete the chart below by indicating whether each greeting behavior is a “do” or “don’t” from the dog’s perspective by placing a checkmark in the appropriate column.
Greeting Behavior “Do” “Don’t” Using hands to push dog away that jumps toward you Scratching dog on neck Smiling at dog as you approach Leaning over to talk to the small dog Ignore a fearful dog until they are comfortable Look away from the dog Reach your hand out for the dog to sniff you Turn body sideways to meet a dog that is hesitant Module 3: Human & Dog Greetings Evaluation 37
5. Review each photo of human and dog interactions. Indicate for each whether the dog is enjoying or tolerating the interaction by circling your answer below each.
f. Enjoying or Tolerating b. Enjoying or Tolerating
c. Enjoying or Tolerating d. Enjoying or Tolerating 38 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
You will practice meeting new dogs in your pet care center. Review the body language information from module 2 and dog friendly greeting behaviors in this module to prepare for the hands- on activity. Make notes on the feedback you received on each greeting in the chart below.
Dog Greeted Positives Areas for improvement 1.
2.
3.
Questions:
Shift Tips
1. Observe dogs in your center and take action to move “yellow tolerance” interactions to “green enjoyment”. 2. Watch new dogs coming into the lobby of your center and
observe how they greet people.
3. Watch owners interact with their dogs and how the dog’s respond.
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 4: Emotional States Study Aids
Green Emotional States
Emotional Posture & Facial Ears Tail Vocalization State Movement Expression Neutral & Balanced Natural for Natural for dog Soft eyes None Relaxed Relaxed dog Lower than Mouth relaxed Loose & curvy Loose & horizontal & open slightly relaxed Loose & relaxed Curious, Normal Perked up Up Wide eyes Short bark, Eager, or Possible wiggle Forward Fast, small wags Mouth open “ruff” Excited or stand tip-toe Teeth covered Whining Possible panting Friendly Normal Perked up Up or out from Wide open eyes, High-pitch Stands still or body alert bark rear end Small wags Mouth relaxed Short bark wiggling & slightly open Champing Playful or Relaxed Perked up Wagging Wide open eyes, High pitch Happy Play-bow Forward Large circle sparkling barking Excited Relaxed wagging Mouth relaxed Play growling bouncing, & open slightly circling Teeth covered Panting 40 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Yellow Emotional States
Emotional Posture & Facial Ears Tail Vocalization State Movement Expression Alert Normal Up Up Normal-to-wide None Slightly Turning to Possible slow wag open eyes Rapid alarm forward hear sounds Mouth closed or bark Possibly on tip- slightly open Low whine toe Teeth covered Anxious Tense Partially back Partially lowered Slightly Low whine Lowered narrowed eyes Moaning slightly Mouth closed or bark slightly open Lips pulled back Aroused Tense Up Up Wide open eyes Rapid bark Forward Forward Bristled Hard staring Stiff legs Stiff Wag Mouth tense Possible lifted lips Possible panting Chase Tense Up Extends straight Wide open eyes, None (beginning Crouched low Forward out from body alert stage) Legs bent to Mouth slightly run open Excited panting Confident Tall Up Up or straight out Wide open eyes Low growl Hackles may Forward Stiff & full Staring rise Mouth closed or slightly open Fearful Tense Low on head Between legs Narrow eyes, Low yelp, Crouched Flattened averted whine, growl, Shivering or Possible half- bark or trembling moon eye scream Lips drawn back Teeth showing Subordinate Low Low on head Between legs Narrowed slit None (low rank) Paw lift Flattened eyes Low whining Lies on back, Possible half- or whimper belly up moon eye Lips drawn back Teeth showing Face licking Module 4: Emotional States Study Aids 41
Red Emotional States
Emotional Posture & Facial Ears Tail Vocalization State Movement Expression Aggression, Up & forward Up Straight out Hard staring Snarling offensive Tense Forward from body eyes Long deep Hackles up on Fluffed Snarl or C- growl neck Stiff slow wag Shaped lips Loud bark drawn forward Teeth showing Aggression, Low & back Flattened Very low or Narrow eyes Snarling defensive Tense between legs Possible half- Growl-bark Hackles up on moon eye back & tail Lips pulled back Teeth & gums show Wrinkled muzzle Flight Low Back Low or Wide open eyes None (beginning Tense between legs Possible half- Possible stage) Shivering moon eye whine Ready to run Mouth slightly open Possible drooling Guarding Up Up Straight out Wipe open, alert Loud bark Tense, freezes Forward from body Mouth slightly Growl Hackles may Rigid open Snarl rise Possible fluffed Teeth showing Possible snapping Predatory Low Alert Low Wide open None Ready to Forward or Straight out staring eyes, spring forward back to catch focused Rigid sounds Mouth closed May sniff air
42 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Identify the traffic signal color and reasons for each photo shown.
a. B. Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
c. d. Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Module 4: Emotional States Study Aids 43
e. f.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Emotional State Emotional State
g. h.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
Module 4: Emotional States Evaluation
1. Indicate the traffic signal color for each emotional state listed below by checking the appropriate column in the chart.
Emotional State Green Yellow Red Guarding Curious Aroused Excited Fearful Alert Flight Anxious
2. Describe the body language of a dog that is guarding a resource: e. Posture - f. Ears - g. Facial Expression (eyes & mouth) - h. Tail –
3. Describe the body language of a dog that is curious: i. Posture - j. Ears - k. Facial Expression (eyes & mouth) - l. Tail –
4. You observe a dog in a red emotional state. For each answer pair, circle the actions you should take to stay safe with the dog. a. Slow your movements or Stop approach b. Divert eye contact or Smile at the dog c. Squat down or Back away slowly Module 4: Emotional States Evaluation 45
5. Identify the traffic signal color and reasons for each dog photo shown below. a. b.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
c. d.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Reasons: Reasons:
46 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
During your work shift be observant of dog emotional states. Complete the chart below from your observations:
Emotional State Dog Name & Breed Describe Situation & Reason for State Green 1:
Green 2:
Yellow 1:
Yellow 2:
Red:
Questions:
Shift Tips
1. Identify dogs in your center in a “yellow” emotional state and see if you can change them to green. 2. Do a walk-through of your center and note whether more dogs are green, yellow or red.
3. Which areas in your pet care center cause dogs go to yellow
more frequently?
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 5: Dogs in Stress Study Aids
Based on information in the session, complete the chart below to show the causes and impact of stress on dogs.
Stress Signals Causes of Stress Impact of Stress • Indicate a dog is uncomfortable • Used to calm themselves • Used to calm other dogs • Early indicator of discomfort
Observing Stress • Consider number of signals the dog is exhibiting • Work to identify and alleviate the source of stress • Consider things from the dog’s point of view
Top 10 Stress Signals Observed in a Pet Center • Closed Mouth • Change in Breathing • Diarrhea • Dilated Pupils • Excessive shedding and/or dandruff • Half-Moon Eye • Lip Licking • Look Away • Vocalizations • Restlessness 48 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Identify the stress signal observed in each of the photos shown. a. b.
Stress Signal Stress Signal
c. d.
Stress Signal Stress Signal
Module 5: Dogs in Stress Study Aids 49 e. f.
Stress Signal Stress Signal
g. h.
Stress Signal Stress Signal 50 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Managing Stress
You should receive a handout of specific tools used in your pet care center to manage stress.
Examples of Managing Stress in Dogs Complete the chart with the stress management options for each situation from the session slides and review of hand-out of stress management tools for your center received from your manager.
Stress Situation Stress Management Options First time boarder is pacing & drooling
Boarder with diarrhea
Thunderstorm is approaching
Dog is barking; fast pace and high-pitched
Dog does not come out of boarding enclosure
Module 5: Dogs in Stress Study Aids 51
Identify which dog is under more stress in the photos shown by circling them in each photo. a. b.
c. d.
Module 5: Dogs in Stress Evaluation
1. Which of the following is not an impact of stress on a dog? a. Fear or aggressive behaviors b. A higher tolerance level c. Body prepared for defense d. A sudden reaction e. Gastro-intestinal symptoms such as not eating or loose stools 2. What’s the first thing to consider as a cause of stress to a dog upon arriving in a pet care center lobby? a. Too much noise b. Hunger, thirst c. Pain d. New environment 3. Which of the following is the most likely cause of stress to a dog in the grooming department? a. Being alone in an enclosure b. Not being able to relax c. Too much noise d. All of the above 4. Which of the following is the most likely cause of stress to a dog in their boarding enclosure? a. No energy outlet b. Illness c. Need to eliminate d. A and C e. All of the above 5. Which of the following is the most likely cause of stress to a dog in a training session? a. Unfamiliar environment b. Pain c. Hunger d. Being alone 6. You observe stress signals in a dog that is boarding in your pet care center for their third visit. You confirm that the dog does not need to eliminate and have them located in a section with frequent human contact and very quiet neighbor dogs. What is the most likely cause of their stress? a. Unfamiliar environment b. Being alone c. Too much noise d. Pain Module 5: Dogs in Stress Evaluation 53
7. In each of the situations below, indicate what actions you can take to reduce the stress impact for the dog. a. You are greeting Joey, a maltese and first time dog visitor in the lobby and observe panting and a look away. What steps do you take to greet the dog?
b. Max, a shih tzu is being picked up from grooming. When you open the cage in the groom shop Max moves to the far back corner and you observe half-moon eyes and closed mouth. You move to side of the door and toss in treats, but Max still does not move or eat the treats. How do you get Max out of the cage?
c. Rambo, a Rhodesian ridgeback, has arrived for boarding. In the lobby, Rambo barks at you and moves behind the owner’s legs. How do you make Rambo more comfortable?
54 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
8. In each of the photos below indicate whether the dog is exhibiting a stress signal. If yes, identify them and if no, explain reasons why you do not feel the dog is exhibiting stress signals.
a. Stress? Yes or No If yes, what signals?
If no, why don’t you think so?
b. Stress? Yes or No If yes, what signals?
If no, why don’t you think so?
c. Stress? Yes or No If yes, what signals?
If no, why don’t you think so?
Module 5: Dogs in Stress Evaluation 55
During your work shift, be observant of dogs exhibiting stress signals. Choose three dogs for this exercise. Using the handout for managing stress in your pet center, make a recommendation on how to reduce stress for each dog. Check with your supervisor prior to taking any action with the dogs. Complete the chart below from your observations with your recommendations:
Dog Name & Describe Situation & Reason for Recommendation to Manage Stress Signals Breed State the Stress
Questions:
Shift Tips
1. Identify the location or activity in your center which results in the most stress. 2. Observe dogs upon entering lobby and watch for stress signals; watch if owners notice it.
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 6: Dog Aggression Study Aids
Aggression • Does not always mean dogs fighting or attacking • Includes a wide range of behaviors • Aggressive displays do not define dog as “aggressive” • Some displays are appropriate for the situation
Aggressive Displays 1. 2. 3. 4.
Responding Safely to Aggressive Displays • Stop approach • Move slowly • Use calming signals • Remain calm and confident • Remove trigger • Secure dog and get assistance
Intervene or Ignore Display Examples The program provides four examples of a dog showing an aggressive display. Based on information provided in this module check the column on whether you think it is best to intervene or ignore each dog’s aggressive display. Aggressive Display Examples Intervene Ignore Puppy growls when someone touches him to get up.
Dog freezes when you walk by him and he’s eating a pig’s ear
Dog in run growls and snarls when you start to open the run door
Dog lifts lip and growls when you reach for the food bowl
58 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
You should receive a handout of your pet care center’s dog fight policy.
You should receive a handout form used to document bite or fight incidents that happen in your pet center.
You should receive a handout on bite level assessments from your supervisor.
Module 6: Dog Aggression Study Aids 59
The session includes case studies of dog’s exhibiting aggressive displays that are common in a pet care center. For each case indicate whether the aggressive display requires intervention by you or whether it should be ignored. What action could the pet care provider have taken to prevent the aggressive display from happening?
Intervene or Case Study Action to Prevent Aggressive Display? Ignore Display? Large dog growls when eating near small dog
Dog stiffens when trimming nails
Dog stares & growls when enclosure is approached
Loose dog freezes & snarls
Dog you walk by enclosure barks and snarls at other dog
Module 6: Dog Aggression Evaluation
1. Of the behaviors listed which is not always considered an aggressive display? a. Freezing b. Stiffness c. Direct Stare d. Barking 2. What is a good human response to an aggressive display? a. Shout “NO” b. Look away c. Stare d. Shake-off 3. In some situations it is appropriate to ignore an aggressive display? a. True b. False 4. Why will same-family dogs fight in their boarding enclosure, but not at home? a. Unfamiliar environment b. Less space c. Stress d. A and B e. All of the above 5. You are bitten by a dog; it is a single puncture wound that just broke the skin. What level bite is this considered? What would you do after the bite?
Module 6: Dog Aggression Evaluation 61
6. Circle the dog photo in each pair that is exhibiting an aggressive display.
a.
b.
c. 62 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
7. Two Jack Russell terriers sharing a boarding enclosure are in a dog fight. You hear this and are near-by. Describe the steps and actions you would take in that moment.
Questions:
Shift Tips:
1. Watch for freezes in dogs today. 2. Walk through your center and see which dogs are showing aggressive displays when you pass them. Can you do anything to change this behavior?
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 7: Leadership Study Aids
Effective Leadership While you watch the session, add the sub-bullets for Qualities and Events listed in the chart below.
Qualities Events Posture Walks
Attitude Feeding times
Consistent Enforcing Limits Strangers approaching or passing by
Proactive Intervention Greetings
Control Resources • Food • Toys • Space • Bedding • Affection
Basic Obedience Cues • Sit, Wait Leave-it, Off • Praise is a reward • Encourage self-control • Use when need to shift a dog’s mental energy
Using Your Body • Dogs are very sensitive to physical space o Lean or step toward a dog to get it to move backward o Lean or step backward to get a dog to move toward you • Dogs view hands as paws to play so use your full body to claim space from a dog 64 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Using Calming Signals • Look away • Yawn • Lip licking • Blink
Using Obedience Cues • Call dog by name and then give cue • Ensure they are focused on you and give time to respond before repeating cue • Praise dog when they respond to your cue • Remain patient and be persistent
You should receive a handout of the standard obedience cues for your pet care pet care center.
Keeping Cues Strong • To avoid teaching a dog to ignore you, try to use each cue word only one time • Reward proper responses o PRAISE, PRAISE, PRAISE!!! o Verbal praise o Petting o Treats when working with one dog (confirm no food allergies) Module 7: Leadership Study Aids 65
Complete the chart below during the session to plan steps to improve your dog leadership skills.
Leadership Actions Doing Well Working On It Walk with head held high & shoulders back when working with dogs
Require all dogs to walk on a loose leash
Use body blocking when a dog jumps up on you
Use calming signals when you see a fearful dog
Lean back when a dog is reluctant to approach you
Praise every time a dog responds to your obedience cue
Module 7: Leadership Evaluation
1. Our body posture is important to be viewed as a leader to dogs. Which trait listed is not part of good leader body posture? a. Shoulders back b. Head held high c. Walk tall d. Shuffling feet when you walk 2. Which trait listed is not a part of effective dog leadership attitude? a. Calm b. Confident c. Decisive d. Demanding 3. List an event in your pet care center when dogs need a leader. How you will assert authority in that situation? 4. Using as a reward will keep obedience cues strong when you do not have treats available. 5. A person can use the look away or yawn calming signal to help calm a fearful dog. a. True b. False 6. In each situation below describe how you will use body blocking. Describe position of your body in relation to the dog. a. To get a dog to move toward you b. To get a dog away from a door that he wants to go out
7. Match the obedience cue to the definition.
Cue Cue Description Cue Letter 1. Release word; dog is free to move about A. Come 2. Dog is to no longer touch item B. Wait 3. Dog is to position itself in front of you C. Leave-it 4. Dog should not move forward D. Okay 5. Dog should move at your pace with you E. Loose-leash walking
Module 7: Leadership Evaluation 67
You will practice using body blocking and obedience cues with dogs in your pet care center. Review the body blocking and using obedience cues information in this module to prepare for the hands-on activity. Make notes on the feedback you received from your supervisor during your practice of each activity in the chart below so you continue to improve your skills.
Activity Positives Areas for improvement 1. Body Blocking
2. Loose-leash Walking
3. Using sit or come
Questions:
Shift Tips:
1. Practice walking dogs on loose leashes. 2. Notice how often you yell “no” or “hey” during the day – how can you change this? 3. Find something to praise in every dog today; pay particular
attention to the dogs who seem the worst behaved.
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
Module 8: Social Interactions Study Aids
Social Behavior Types While you are watching the session, add notes to the chart on the definition and examples of each behavior type.
Behavior Type Definition & Example Greeting Ritual
Appeasement & Pacifying Gestures
Confidence Behaviors
Displacement Behaviors
Correcting Behaviors
Warning Behaviors
70 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Management Signal Social Gesture Back Roll Blinking Champing Licking Look Away Mounting - during play Muzzle Nudge Pawing – paw lift during greeting Pawing – paw lift when curious Piloerection – excitement only Shoulder Bump Side Roll Side Turn Snarl Stand Over – during play Staring – when interested or curious Twist Movement Yawn - friendly Lip Lick Look Away Muzzle Grasp Pawing – anticipation or attention getting Piloerection – neck & shoulders of confident dog Scratching Shake-off Sniffing Stand Over – not accepted by more confident dog Standing Still Staring – Alerting Yawn – feels uncomfortable or stress Freezing Guarding Pawing – on back of more confident dog, not accepted Piloerection – full back & tail Staring – guarding, targeting, predation, threatening
Module 8: Social Interactions Study Aids 71
Why are yellow gestures important?
Gestures to Humans • Blinking • Displacement • Hip Nudge • Pawing • Smile • Yawn
Look at the photo pairs of the social gestures; how do you determine the traffic signal color differences?
Traffic Signal Color Traffic Signal Color
Reason Reason
72 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Traffic Signal Color Traffic Signal Color
Reason Reason
Traffic Signal Color Traffic Signal Color
Reason Reason
Safe Dog Handling • Take time to observe dog prior to handling or entering enclosure • Remember to use good leader qualities and tools • Green postures and states - safe to handle • Yellow postures and states – modify your posture, position or situation to get to green • Red postures and states – stop and focus on safety for you and other dogs; alert your supervisor
Module 8: Social Interactions Evaluation
1. Match the social behavior type to its description in the chart below.
Behavior Social Behavior Description Social Behavior Type Letter 1. Reinforce higher rank of a dog A. Displacement Behaviors 2. Normal behavior shown at an B. Appeasement Behaviors inappropriate time 3. Generally relate to space C. Warning Behaviors 4. Used by adult dogs when another dog D. Confidence Behaviors displays rude or inappropriate behavior 5. Used to turn off threats or gain E. Ritualized Behaviors cooperation 6. Active displays that show respect F. Correcting Behaviors
2. For each social gesture in the chart below indicate the appropriate traffic signal color (some may belong to more than one color).
Social Gesture Green Yellow Red Blinking Freezing Scratching Pawing Shake-off Snarl Yawning Piloerection
3. In yellow handling situations, how will you change your behavior to stay safe?
74 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
4. For each photo below list the appropriate traffic signal color and social behavior displayed.
a. b.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Social Gesture: Social Gesture:
c. d.
Traffic Signal Color: Traffic Signal Color:
Social Gesture: Social Gesture: Module 8: Social Interactions Evaluation 75
Read the 3 case studies below and describe how you would handle each situation. Discuss your answers with your supervisor and add notes from your supervisor’s feedback.
Case Study Tip from Supervisor 1 – Walking dog
2 – Grooming dog
3 – Dog in lobby
Case Study 1 You have been called to the lobby to walk Fifi, an English bulldog, to her boarding enclosure. This is Fifi’s first visit and she is 7 years old. When you walk into the lobby, Fifi looks away, lip licks, and lowers her head. When you take the leash from the owner Fifi refuses to move; what do you do?
Case Study 2 You are assigned to bathe Rocky, a Shetland sheepdog, and read on the grooming notes that he hates having his nails trimmed. When you go to get Rocky out of the groom cage, he looks away and starts scratching his ear. He ignores you when you call his name; what do you do to get Rocky out of the cage? What can you do to make the grooming experience more comfortable for Rocky?
Case Study 3 A potential client that just moved to town is visiting your pet care center for a tour and has brought her dog Ginger with her. Ginger is a German shepherd mix and you have been asked to sit with Ginger while another staff member gives Ginger’s owner a tour of the pet center. Her owner stated that since Ginger is a very shy dog it is very important that she is comfortable with the pet care staff. Ginger moves to the end of her leash avoiding eye contact with you and sniffs the floor when the owner hands you the leash. What will you do to get Ginger comfortable with you? 76 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
Questions:
Shift Tips:
1. Pick three social gestures and look for them today.
Update your progress in your Personal Learning Journal
CONGRATULATIONS!
You have completed the study and evaluation portions of Knowing Dogs: 101. After your supervisor reviews this module, take the post-course assessment. We hope you are pleased with the improvement in your score!
Post-Course Assessment
1. Full maturity of a puppy varies based on size with larger breeds maturing more quickly. a. True b. False 2. The confidence level of a puppy will increase until maturity which is typically at what age? a. 6 months to 3 years b. 9 months to 2 years c. 1 to 2 years d. 18 months to 3 years 3. During this phase permanent teeth are growing resulting in chewing and biting behaviors. a. Fear Impact 1 b. Seniority c. Flight Instinct d. All of the above 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about dog communication? a. Dogs communicate with body postures and facial expressions b. Dogs communicate with vocalizations and eliminations c. Dog language is obvious and occurs slowly d. To avoid miscommunications we need to learn dog language 5. Which of the following statements is true regarding scent communication in dogs? a. Most highly developed sense b. Usually the second sense used after sight c. Eliminations provide long-distance communication d. A and C e. All of the above 6. Why is learning dog language important to your job in the pet care center? 7. Describe a dog that has a relaxed or neutral body posture. 8. Which of the following common myths about dogs is true? a. A wagging tail always means the dog is friendly b. A quiet dog who accepts petting is fine with people c. Our dog let’s our kids hug him so it is safe for our neighbor kids to hug him d. Supervision of kids and dogs for safety is only effective if the person supervising knows what the dog is saying 78 Knowing Dogs 101 Staff Workbook
9. Describe the body language of a dog in a fearful emotional state: a. Posture - b. Ears - c. Facial Expression (eyes and mouth) - d. Tail – 10. Which of the following behaviors would you not use when you observe a dog that is in a cautious or yellow emotional state? a. Use calming signals b. Remain calm and confident c. Continue your approach at current speed d. Slow your movements 11. Which of the following is not true related to dog stress signals a. May be used to calm themselves down b. Serves as an early indicator of discomfort c. The number of signals that a dog is exhibiting is not important d. Indicates that a dog is uncomfortable 12. Eliminating the symptom of stress works as well as finding and eliminating the source of stress for the dog. a. True b. False 13. Dog aggression means dogs are fighting or attacking. a. True b. False 14. Some dog aggressive displays are appropriate for the situation. a. True b. False 15. Which of the following is an appropriate response when a dog displays aggression toward you? a. Look away b. Stop approach c. Show your dominance d. A and B 16. Which of the following is not a quality of a good dog leadership? a. Tall posture b. Calm attitude c. Dominant attitude d. Sets and enforces limits Post-Course Assessment 79
17. Good leadership means setting dogs up for success. a. True b. False 18. Body blocking is an effective tool working with dogs because: a. Your dominance is demonstrated b. Dogs are sensitive to their physical space c. Jumping dogs will be injured and stop the behavior d. All of the above 19. Warning behaviors by a dog (like growling and snarling) are always a problem and should be corrected. a. True b. False 20. Which of the following is a reason that a dog will show a confidence behavior? a. Avoid serious conflicts b. Reinforce their higher rank c. Start a fight with a lower ranking dog d. A and B
Complete the following chart with your self-assessment of your dog knowledge and handling skills after taking this course.
Learning Very Knowledge or Skill Good Opportunity Confident Recognizing different dog breeds (12 or more) and knowing their specific traits and behaviors Understanding a dog’s emotional state by observing its body posture, ear position, and facial expression Recognizing the different stress signals (5 or more) a dog will display when uncomfortable All my interactions with dogs are enjoyed by them as shown by their body language My dog leadership skills are appropriate and respected by all dogs I meet
Reorder Information
To reorder additional USB sets or individual staff workbooks for Knowing Dogs 101 or Knowing Dogs 201, visit: www.KnowingDogsStaffTraining.com
Other resources available from The Dog Gurus include:
• Off Leash Dog Play by Robin Bennett & Susan Briggs • Off Leash Dog Play Poster Set (red, green and yellow traffic signal photos) • All About Dog Daycare by Robin Bennett
Join The Dog Gurus membership community at www.TheDogGurus.com
Other resources by Robin are available at www.RobinKBennett.com
Other resources by Susan are available at www.CrystalCanine.com
Continuing Education Credits The Knowing Dogs program has been approved for continuing education credits through the Certification Council of Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT), the Professional Animal Care Certification Council (PACCC) and the veterinary Registry of Approved Continuing Education (RACE). For details on awarding CEUs visit www.KnowingDogsStaffTraining.com.
Certification
The Dog Gurus are very proud that the Knowing Dogs program is listed as a recommended resource by the Professional Animal Care Certification Council for their three levels of independent certification. Obtaining professional industry certification is the highest level of recognition you can earn as a pet care professional. Demonstrate your commitment to dog safety and a career in professional pet care by becoming certified. Learn more and register for professional certification as a Provider, Manager or Operator at www.paccert.org.
Robin Bennett
Robin Bennett is an author and consultant for pet care facilities on the subjects of dog daycare, training and off-leash dog play. She has been involved in the pet care business for over 20 years as a dog trainer and dog daycare expert. In 1993, she founded All About Dogs, the largest dog training company in Virginia and grew it from a sole proprietorship to a Corporation with over ten instructors teaching private lessons as well as numerous group classes and behavior modification lessons for shy, fearful, and aggressive dogs.
Robin successfully owned and operated her own dog daycare business for many years. Her book All About Dog Daycare: A Blueprint for Success is the number one reference on how to start a dog daycare, and her newest book, Off-Leash Dog Play, with co-author Susan Briggs, is the key reference on supervising dogs in playgroups. Robin is a highly sought-after speaker on numerous dog daycare business and playgroup topics around the country.
Robin has a passion for educating facility owners and staff on safe handling techniques and canine body language, which led to the creation of Knowing Dogs Staff Training with Susan. Robin and Susan are now partnering together again with the launch of The Dog Gurus online community to continue to raise the bar of safety in off-leash play and keep dogs safe.
Robin is an active member of the Association of Pet Dog Trainers (APDT) and has a B.A. degree from Roanoke College. Robin regularly attends dog-training seminars and has earned Level 1 certification through the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT), the first national certification for dog trainers. Robin is a retired Colonel in the United States Marine Corps Reserve and is married with two children. [email protected] www.RobinKBennett.com www.TheDogGurus.com
Susan Briggs
Susan Briggs owns Crystal Canine, a consulting and training resource for the pet care industry sharing her experiences as co-founder of Urban Tails, a multi-service pet care center in Houston, TX. With over 12 years experience operating a large dog daycare, boarding, grooming and training center, Susan is a recognized leader in pet care services.
In 2007 she co-wrote Off-Leash Dog Play: A Complete Guide to Safety & Fun with Robin Bennett that led to the development of Knowing Dogs, a staff-training program on dog language and safe off-leash playgroups. Their joint venture, The Dog Gurus, is an online membership site providing “your best resource for off-leash play” (www.thedoggurus.com).
In 2009 Susan drew on her educational background in accounting and published her second book, Counting Noses, a financial management guide customized to the pet industry. Her goal with Crystal Canine is to help owners achieve business success with a series of short-cut guides and workbooks to aid in staff and financial management.
To assist owners in loving their lifestyle she has an expanding line of online courses that includes, My Successful Pet Biz program, a step-by-step guide to systemizing your pet business; Plan, Produce and Play: Time Management and Productivity Tips; Understanding Your Numbers; Communication Skills for Pet Care Professionals.
In 2015 Susan and Charlotte Biggs founded the Professional Animal Care Certification Council. The council’s mission is to bring independent testing and certification to pet care service providers of pet boarding, dog daycare, pet sitting and dog walking.
The pet care industry is her current passion, but her professional career began as an auditor for Ernst & Young. Susan has a Masters of Accountancy from Truman University in her home state of Missouri and passed the CPA exam in 1984. She has converted to a Texan and lives in Houston with partner Bill Kamps and her dogs, Sheppy and Archie. [email protected] 713-582-8520 www.CrystalCanine.com www.TheDogGurus.com