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“A Peace Built on Quicksand” + The Major Players

n Big Four n United States: Woodrow Wilson n France: Georges Clemenceau n Great Britain: David Lloyd George n Italy: Vittorio Orlando n Russia, Germany, or her allies not there + Fourteen Points

n Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace

n Fourteen Points – outlined plan to achieve lasting peace n Points 1-4: end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies + Fourteen Points

n Points 6-13: suggestions for creating new nations n Self-Determination – allowing people to decide gov’t for themselves n Point 14: proposed League of Nations + Versailles Treaty

n Treaty of Versailles n Adopted League of Nations – association of nations to keep peace n Blamed Germany for war n Lost territory n Severe restrictions n War-Guilt Clause – placed sole responsibility on Germany and forced them to pay reparations + Mandates and New Nations n Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up n OE gave up territory n Allies made lands in Middle East into mandates – countries under control of the Allied powers until they could “rule themselves” n Winston Churchill helped to draw most of these lines + “A Peace Built on Quicksand”

n Treaty of Versailles did little for a lasting peace

n Anger n Germans bitter b/c they were blamed n African and Middle Eastern people angry b/c Allies disregarded independence n Some Allies were angry n Japan and Italy did not get land they wanted + Where is all this going?

n While history is never…wait for it, new word...teleological – assuming that everything is destined to happen in the way it happened – it is not hard to see where all the anger could be going following the decision of Versailles n In short – it will lead to a war that is even more signficant for the course of the world and the rise of people who we consider to be the biggest monsters in the Western world