Ap Us History Unit 2 Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

AP US HISTORY UNIT 10 GUIDE Covering Pageant Chapters 28-30 KEY PEOPLE Muckrakers William Howard Taft Seventeenth Amendment John Hay Eighteenth Amendment Theodore Roosevelt Muller v. Oregon Henry Demarest Lloyd Meat Inspection Act Jacob Riis Dollar Diplomacy Lincoln Steffens Payne-Aldrich Act Ida Tarbell New Freedom Robert M. La Follette Sixteenth Amendment Hiram Johnson Federal Reserve Act Upton Sinclair Clayton Act Woodrow Wilson Federal Farm Loan Act Eugene Debs Central Powers Venustiano Carranza Allies Pancho Villa Lusitania John J. Pershing Conscription Kaiser Wilhelm III Zimmerman Note Charles Evans Huges Fourteen Points George Creel League of Nations Bernard Baruch Espionage and Sedition Acts Herbert Hoover Industrial Workers of the World Henry Cabot Lodge War Industries Board Warren Harding Eighteenth Amendment James Cox Nineteenth Amendment Bolsheviks KEY CONCEPTS Big Four Initiative Irreconcilables Referendum Treaty of Versailles Recall Conservation POSSIBLE ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. The text's authors argue that progressives "waged war on social evils - notably, monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustices." Identify the area you think was most important and explain why. 2. President Wilson once remarked that he was "going to teach the South American republics to elect good men." Using American relations with Mexico at the time as an illustration, do you think this is the proper function of the president? Explain. 3. Evaluate the U.S. Congress position on refusing to join the League of Nations. Do you think it was the proper position? Explain in detail. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Treaty of Versailles I
Treaty of Versailles I. Wilson’s Vision forWorld Peace A. Fourteen Points to End All Wars 1. Wilson’s first goal was to eliminate the causes of wars by calling for an end to secret agreements and alliances, protecting freedom of the seas, and reducing armaments. 2. Wilson’s second goal was to ensure the right to self-determination so ethnic groups and nationalities could live under governments of their own choosing. 3. The last of the fourteen points called for setting up a League of Nations to ensure world peace. B. Wilson’s Unusual Decisions 1. Wilson broke with tradition by traveling out of the United States while president to lead the U.S. delegation to the peace conference in Paris. 2. Wilson weakened his position when he asked Americans to support Democrats in the 1918 midterm elections, but then the Republicans won a majority in Congress. 3. Wilson made matters worse by choosing all Democrats and only one Republican to serve as the other delegates to the peace conference. II. Ideals Versus Self-Interest at Versailles A. Peace Without Victory Gives Way to War Guilt and Reparations 1. Wilson’s vision for a peaceful world was different from the vision of other Big Four leaders. 2. France’s Georges Clemenceau was most concerned about French security. 3. David Lloyd George wanted Germany to accept full responsibility for the war through a warguilt clause and reparations. 4. Wilson tried to restrain from punishing Germany but ultimately agreed to gain support for the League of Nations. B. Self-Determination Survives, but Only in Europe 1.
[Show full text]
World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives
AP European History: Period 4.1 Teacher’s Edition World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives I. Long-term causes of World War I 4.1.I.A INT-9 A. Rival alliances: Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente SP-6/17/18 1. 1871: The balance of power of Europe was upset by the decisive Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of the German Empire. a. Bismarck thereafter feared French revenge and negotiated treaties to isolate France. b. Bismarck also feared Russia, especially after the Congress of Berlin in 1878 when Russia blamed Germany for not gaining territory in the Balkans. 2. In 1879, the Dual Alliance emerged: Germany and Austria a. Bismarck sought to thwart Russian expansion. b. The Dual Alliance was based on German support for Austria in its struggle with Russia over expansion in the Balkans. c. This became a major feature of European diplomacy until the end of World War I. 3. Triple Alliance, 1881: Italy joined Germany and Austria Italy sought support for its imperialistic ambitions in the Mediterranean and Africa. 4. Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty, 1887 a. It promised the neutrality of both Germany and Russia if either country went to war with another country. b. Kaiser Wilhelm II refused to renew the reinsurance treaty after removing Bismarck in 1890. This can be seen as a huge diplomatic blunder; Russia wanted to renew it but now had no assurances it was safe from a German invasion. France courted Russia; the two became allies. Germany, now out of necessity, developed closer ties to Austria.
[Show full text]
Auditors: Market Concentration and Their Role
HOUSE OF LORDS Select Committee on Economic Affairs 2nd Report of Session 2010–11 Auditors: Market concentration and their role Volume I: Report Ordered to be printed 15 March 2011 and published 30 March 2011 Published by the Authority of the House of Lords London : The Stationery Office Limited £13.50 HL Paper 119–I Select Committee on Economic Affairs The Economic Affairs Committee is appointed by the House of Lords in each session with orders of reference “to consider economic affairs”. Current Membership Lord Best Lord Currie of Marylebone Lord Forsyth of Drumlean Lord Hollick Baroness Kingsmill Lord Lawson of Blaby Lord Levene of Portsoken Lord Lipsey Lord MacGregor of Pulham Market (Chairman) Lord Moonie Lord Shipley Lord Smith of Clifton Lord Tugendhat Declaration of Interests See Appendix 1. A full list of Members’ interests can be found in the Register of Lords’ Interests: http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/standards-and-interests/register-of-lords-interests Publications All publications of the Committee are available on the internet at: http://www.parliament.uk/hleconomicaffairs Parliament Live Live coverage of debates and public sessions of the Committee’s meeting are available at www.parliamentlive.tv General Information General Information about the House of Lords and its Committees, including guidance to witnesses, details of current inquiries and forthcoming meetings is on the internet at: http://www.parliament.uk/business/lords Committee Staff The current staff of the Committee are Bill Sinton (Clerk), Stephen Seawright (Policy Analyst) and Karen Sumner (Committee Assistant). Contact Details All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Select Committee on Economic Affairs, Committee Office, House of Lords, London SW1A 0PW.
[Show full text]
Were Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt the True Architects of the United Nations?
Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Department of literary studies Were Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt the True Architects of the United Nations? Jens Vermeulen (01309561) Master of Arts in American Studies 2014-2015 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ken Kennard Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Vision of Peace and Prosperity ........................................................................................................ 6 Negotiations and Results ................................................................................................................ 19 The Creation of the United Nations: The San Francisco Conference ............................................ 34 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 38 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 41 1 Introduction The United Nations (UN) was founded after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security. Besides collective security, it is also an environment where countries meet and develop friendly relationships. It promotes social progress and advocates for better living standards and human rights. The UN has four main purposes: to keep the peace throughout the world; to develop friendly relations
[Show full text]
What Were the Aims of the 'Big Three' at the Paris Peace Conference? Interleaving
Paper 1, Section B Conflict and Tension, 1918-1939 The Treaty of Versailles What were the aims of the 'Big Three' at the Paris Peace Conference? Interleaving . low stakes questions. 1. When was the German Empire created? P31 2. Who was the Kaiser? P31 3. What is militarism? P31 4. What did Kaiser Wilhelm want to make Germany? 5. What was Germany like before 1871? Pink box p31 Challenge 6. Why did the Kaiser dislike democracy? P31 2. Who was the Kaiser? P31 The person in charge of Germany, inherited his position and ruled like a King. 3. What is militarism? P31 The strengthening of Germany’s military eg the army and the navy and using it to increase Germany’s influence. 4. What did Kaiser Wilhelm want to make Germany? A world power. 5. What was Germany like before 1871? Pink box p31 Lots of small states. Challenge 6. Why did the Kaiser dislike democracy? P31 He thought it was weak and didn’t like working with the Reichstag. He preferred to put his trust in the army. World War One had devastated Europe economically, industrially and socially. About 8 million soldiers and 8 million civilians were dead. Towns and villages were flattened, farms were destroyed and railways had been blown up. It seemed that the world would not be the same again. At the end of the war, the leaders of the winning countries met to decide how to deal with the losing countries - this would be a huge task. The leaders of the winning countries could try to seek revenge or they could try to build a better and more peaceful world.
[Show full text]
1 PARIS 1919 Study Guide About The
PARIS 1919 Study Guide About the Film Inspired by Margaret MacMillan’s landmark book, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed The World, this film takes viewers inside the Paris Peace Conference offering a compelling reflection on post‐WWI history and how the decisions made during those six fateful months in 1919 continue to haunt us, for better or worse. In January 1919, Paris became the centre of the world. Armistice had been declared just a few months earlier in the most devastating war of all time. Almost ten million were dead. Two empires had collapsed. The old world order lay in tatters and a new one desperately needed to be created. Driven by unprecedented urgency, delegations from over 30 nations descended upon Paris for the most ambitious peace talks in history. The French capital became the destination of emirs and presidents, newsmen and royalty, ambitious socialites and enterprising arms dealers, each with their own agenda. At the helm of the conference were the “Big Four” of the allied victors: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando. They endeavoured to engineer a peace treaty for all time. While the Big Four staggered under this mind‐boggling agenda, separate committees assessed war reparations and realigned national borders, forming new countries such as Iraq and Yugoslavia with little chance for reflection. Meanwhile, the streets were teeming with starving widows and war amputees – and Germany was rearming. In viewing Paris 1919 audiences will gain insight into the monumental task that lay before the Big Four and their diplomatic teams, the lasting legacies that were accomplished in the peace settlement, and the inherent weaknesses of the Paris Peace Conference.
[Show full text]
World War II
ADDRESSES UPON THE AMERICAN ROAD BY Herbert Hoover World War II 1941-1945 NEW YORK D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC. 25O FOURTH AVENUE 1946 COPYRIGHT, 1946 BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC. All Rights Reserved This book, or any parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from the author and the publishers. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents PART I: MAKING PEACE DECLARATION OF WAR 3 [Press Statement, New York City, December 8, 1941] FINLAND 4 [Press Statement, New York City, November 4, 1941] THE APPROACHES TO PEACE 5 [Executives' Club and other Clubs, Chicago, Illinois, December 16, 1943] FURTHER NEW APPROACHES TO LASTING PEACE 14 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson—Articles appearing in Collier's, May-June, 1943] ON PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL'S ADDRESS 56 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – Press Statement, New York City, March 22, 1943] AN APPROACH TO A LASTING PEACE 57 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – The New York Times Magazine, New York City, April 4, 1943] v HISTORY'S GREATEST MURDER TRIAL 64 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – This Week Magazine, New York City, August 29, 1943] NEW APPROACHES TO PEACE 71 [Joint Session of the St. Paul-Minneapolis branches of the Foreign Policy Association and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 3, 1943] THE TRANSITION TO LASTING PEACE 85 [Kansas City, Missouri, October 28, 1943] THE FUTILITY OF MILITARY ALLIANCES 97 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson—Collier's, November 6, 1943] ON FINNISH QUESTION 108 [Press Statement, New York City, March 25, 1944] GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY 110 [Press Statement, New York City, December 8, 1943] SOME ADDITIONS TO THE DUMBARTON OAKS PROPOSALS 111 [Four Articles appearing in press, March 25-28, 1945] THE SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE AND PEACE 124 [Foreign Policy Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1945] vi THE SAN FRANCISCO CHARTER AND THE PROGRESS TOWARD ENDURING PEACE 137 [San Francisco, California, July l8, 1945] PART II: ORGANIZATION OF THE HOME FRONT ORGANIZATION OF WAR ECONOMIC CONTROLS 147 [Senate Committee on Banking and Currency – Washington, D.
[Show full text]
Woodrow Wilson and “Peace Without Victory”: Interpreting the Reversal of 1917
Woodrow Wilson and “Peace without Victory”: Interpreting the Reversal of 1917 John A. Thompson In a speech to the Senate on January 22, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson called for the European war to be brought to an end through “a peace without victory.” This, he argued, was the only sort of peace that could produce a lasting settlement: Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor’s terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable sacrifice, and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory President Woodrow Wilson upon which the terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand. 1 Wilson went on to outline what he saw as the other “essential” elements of a lasting peace. Such a settlement would need to be based on such principles “as that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed and that no right anywhere exists to hand peoples about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were property,” recognition of the rights of small nations, freedom of the seas, and limitation of armaments on both land and sea. Above all, it required that the settlement be underwritten “by the guarantees of a universal covenant,” that it be “a peace made secure by the organized major force of mankind.” 2 John A. Thompson is emeritus reader in American History and an emeritus fellow of St Catharine’s College, University of Cambridge. He thanks Ross A. Kennedy for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article.
[Show full text]
“A Peace Built on Quicksand” + the Major Players
+ “A Peace Built on Quicksand” + The Major Players n Big Four n United States: Woodrow Wilson n France: Georges Clemenceau n Great Britain: David Lloyd George n Italy: Vittorio Orlando n Russia, Germany, or her allies not there + Fourteen Points n Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace n Fourteen Points – outlined plan to achieve lasting peace n Points 1-4: end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies + Fourteen Points n Points 6-13: suggestions for creating new nations n Self-Determination – allowing people to decide gov’t for themselves n Point 14: proposed League of Nations + Versailles Treaty n Treaty of Versailles n Adopted League of Nations – association of nations to keep peace n Blamed Germany for war n Lost territory n Severe restrictions n War-Guilt Clause – placed sole responsibility on Germany and forced them to pay reparations + Mandates and New Nations n Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up n OE gave up territory n Allies made lands in Middle East into mandates – countries under control of the Allied powers until they could “rule themselves” n Winston Churchill helped to draw most of these lines + “A Peace Built on Quicksand” n Treaty of Versailles did little for a lasting peace n Anger n Germans bitter b/c they were blamed n African and Middle Eastern people angry b/c Allies disregarded independence n Some Allies were angry n Japan and Italy did not get land they wanted + Where is all this going? n While history is never…wait for it, new word...teleological – assuming that everything is destined to happen in the way it happened – it is not hard to see where all the anger could be going following the decision of Versailles n In short – it will lead to a war that is even more signficant for the course of the world and the rise of people who we consider to be the biggest monsters in the Western world .
[Show full text]
Download Issue
I TheUnne~i~i~ prrJsof~~-~CL~S~ ExEcrrrrvESEcRETs Covert Action and the Presidency William J. Daugherty "Daugherty has done us all a tremendous service by attempting to rescue the Agency from the myths, both well-meaning and malevolent, that shape our understanding of it....This book ought to dispel some of the fog that obscures our understanding of the C.I.A."--Mark Bowden, from the foreword $32.50 cloth No END IN SIGHT The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation Nathan E. Busch .1~J-ll~C7ES 116:~T I:~;)N "The most comprehensive study of global nuclear safety and security currently availablei'--Peter Lavoy %40.00 cloth THE OBLIGATION OF ENIPIRE United States' Grand Strategy for a New Century Edited by James J. Hentz "An edited volume that policy makers, scholars, pundits, and the interested public should read.... Combines the broad conceptual reach of grand strategy and the breadth and depth of regional expertise for a unique picture of the challenges we face('--Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC, (Ret.) $35.00 cloth W,sua~ilii Pursuing the American Dream AIllellCaIl Dream Opportunity and Exclusion Over Four Centuries Cal Jillson "Everyone knows abbur the American dream---but no one has ever exPlored it quite like Jillson in this bold, luminous, smart, and splendid bool<."--James A. Morone, author of HelljilL·Nnlioll 352 pages, 29 photographs, Cloth $34.95 ~~~:sse::,:'lilu~I: :I~ DefiningAmericans The Presidency and National Identity Mary E. Stuckey "Stuclte)i's bold and insigh~ful hook deconstructs the rhetoric through I~ whichpresidents have excluded and evenvilified so~ne Americans even as rhe)i ha\ie included and acclaimed others.
[Show full text]
Plant 1 Alex Plant PG310 Professor Sousa
Plant 1 Alex Plant PG310 Professor Sousa December 19, 2013 Woodrow Wilson’s Place in Political Time: A Critique of Stephen Skowronek’s The Politics Presidents Make INTRODUCTION: SKOWRONEK, PREEMPTION, AND WOODROW WILSON In Stephen Skowronek’s The Politics Presidents Make, Skowronek divides all past U.S. presidents into one of four categories in his typology. He spends his entire discussion on three of these categories: the reconstructives, who attempt to repudiate the past to establish a new party regime, the articulators, who act as the faithful sons and continue the commitments of the reconstructives, and the disjunctives, who struggle with the impossible leadership situation to revive the dying regime. The preemptives, those who come into power opposed to a resilient regime, are hardly discussed in his entire analysis. Skowronek defines these presidents as “the wild cards of presidential history,” given that they do not fit in his recurrent pattern of foundation, consolidation, fragmentation, and decay.1 He claims that the preemptives do not “establish, uphold, or salvage” like the other three groups, but instead, offer a third way, or an alternative.2 This classification, as well as his lack of discussion on the preemptives, makes it seem as though there is no place for the preemptive presidents in his typology. Skowronek not only seems to disregard their significance, but also does not consider long-term effects of opposition presidents. He effectively isolates and removes the “wild card” preemptives of his own creation completely from political time. 1 Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1997), 444.
[Show full text]
The Wilsonian Vision for a New Liberal International Order: Symbolic Diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference* Naoko Shimazu**
Naoko Shimazu The Wilsonian Vision for a New Liberal International Order: Symbolic Diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference* Naoko Shimazu** Abstract When the Allied Powers gathered in Paris in the first half of 1919, to discuss the peace terms, President Woodrow Wilson was welcomed as “a prophet,” “a saviour,” who came to rescue Europe from the ravages of the war, promising a brave new world where there would be an equitable international order to engender peace for all peoples. The Paris Peace Conference represented the climax of the American war propaganda campaign as the First World War was fought in the media as well as in the trenches. Wilsonian liberalism as it became known, was a paradoxical mix of visionary idealism and political pragmatism. The ‘saviour’ himself began to recognise his mortality and realise the limits of his ideals during the Paris Peace Conference. Yet images of diplomacy constructed largely by the media during the Paris Peace Conference tended to inform contemporary perceptions of the success of peace conference diplomacy at Paris. To this end, ‘public diplomacy’ constituted an integral aspect of peace conference diplomacy. In the end, Wilson himself faced a personal defeat in his own country which had failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. Nonetheless, the international order or the League of Nations which was born out of his brand of idealism survived its difficult birth, and ventured to live a short but eventful life. t is opportune to reconsider the liberal international order of the interwar period, as we face the centenary of the end of the First World War.
[Show full text]