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ADDRESSES UPON THE AMERICAN ROAD BY Herbert Hoover World War II 1941-1945 NEW YORK D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC. 25O FOURTH AVENUE 1946 COPYRIGHT, 1946 BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC. All Rights Reserved This book, or any parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from the author and the publishers. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents PART I: MAKING PEACE DECLARATION OF WAR 3 [Press Statement, New York City, December 8, 1941] FINLAND 4 [Press Statement, New York City, November 4, 1941] THE APPROACHES TO PEACE 5 [Executives' Club and other Clubs, Chicago, Illinois, December 16, 1943] FURTHER NEW APPROACHES TO LASTING PEACE 14 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson—Articles appearing in Collier's, May-June, 1943] ON PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL'S ADDRESS 56 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – Press Statement, New York City, March 22, 1943] AN APPROACH TO A LASTING PEACE 57 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – The New York Times Magazine, New York City, April 4, 1943] v HISTORY'S GREATEST MURDER TRIAL 64 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson – This Week Magazine, New York City, August 29, 1943] NEW APPROACHES TO PEACE 71 [Joint Session of the St. Paul-Minneapolis branches of the Foreign Policy Association and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 3, 1943] THE TRANSITION TO LASTING PEACE 85 [Kansas City, Missouri, October 28, 1943] THE FUTILITY OF MILITARY ALLIANCES 97 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson—Collier's, November 6, 1943] ON FINNISH QUESTION 108 [Press Statement, New York City, March 25, 1944] GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY 110 [Press Statement, New York City, December 8, 1943] SOME ADDITIONS TO THE DUMBARTON OAKS PROPOSALS 111 [Four Articles appearing in press, March 25-28, 1945] THE SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE AND PEACE 124 [Foreign Policy Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1945] vi THE SAN FRANCISCO CHARTER AND THE PROGRESS TOWARD ENDURING PEACE 137 [San Francisco, California, July l8, 1945] PART II: ORGANIZATION OF THE HOME FRONT ORGANIZATION OF WAR ECONOMIC CONTROLS 147 [Senate Committee on Banking and Currency – Washington, D. C., December 16, 1941] THE LIMITATIONS ON FREEDOM IN WAR 160 [General Session of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Assembly of the National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., New York City, May 20, 1942] SOME PRINCIPLES OF CIVILIAN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION IN TOTAL WAR 172 [National Association of Manufacturers, War Congress of American Industry, New York City, December 3, 1943] THE HOME FRONTS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY 179 [Six articles appearing in press, January 11-16, 1943] FOOD PRODUCTION, MANPOWER, MACHINERY 196 [Senate Committee on Appropriations, Washington, D. C., February 8, 1943] A TYPICAL NEW DEAL SMEAR AND DISTORTION 200 [Report by Ralph H. Luts, Professor of History to Chancellor Ray Lyman Wilbur, Stanford University, California, April 17, 1943] vii THE 5TH FREEDOM 232 [The Rotarian, April, 1943] A PRELIMINARY PROGRAM OF RECONSTRUCTION 226 [Collier's, February 5, 1944] FREEDOM IN AMERICA AND THE WORLD 242 [Republican National Convention, Chicago, Illinois, June 37, 1944] THE CHALLENGE TO FREE MEN 257 [Iowa Association of Southern California, Long Beach, California, August 11, 1945] PART III: ORGANIZATION OF THE FOOD FRONT AND RELIEF ORGANIZATION FOR FOOD SUPPLY 265 [Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife, December, 1942] WE'LL HAVE TO FEED THE WORLD AGAIN 269 [Collier's, November 28 and December 5, 1942] FOOD SUPPLIES FOR THIS WAR 295 [National Industrial Conference Board, New York City, January 21, 1943] IN THE NAME OF HUMANITY 305 [The Christian Advocate, February 11, 1943] viii FEED THE STARVING NOW 312 [Jointly with Hugh Gibson—Collier's, February 20, 1943] FOOD FOR EUROPE'S CHILDREN 324 [Carnegie Hall, New York City, February 20, 1943] THE FOOD SITUATION 329 [Press Statement, Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 1943] OUR FOOD FRONT 331 [Mid-West Governors' Conference, Des Moines, Iowa, March 15, 1943] A CHECK-UP OF THE FOOD FRONT 342 [American Farm Bureau Federation, New York City, June 8, 1943] RELIEF FOR STARVING PEOPLES OF EUROPE 353 [Testimony before Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate November 4, 1943] FOOD FOR THE LIBERATED COUNTRIES 357 [Carnegie Hall, New York City, May 8, 1945] ON UNITED STATES ARMY TAKING OVER FOOD RELIEF TO THE LIBERATED COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE 362 [Broadcast – Blue Network's Headline Edition, May 16, 1945] ix ON THE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS 365 [Letter to Congressman Thomas A. Jenkins, June 20, 1945] PART IV: EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC BOYS' CLUBS IN WAR 375 [Boys' Clubs of America, 36th Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, May 7, 1942] UNITED CHURCH CANVASS 378 [Broadcast from New York City, November 15, 1942] SALVATION ARMY APPEAL 380 [New York City, January 14, 1943] THOMAS JEFFERSON AND THE BILL OF RIGHTS 382 [Article for Bill of Rights Sesqui-Centennial pamphlet, April 1, 1943] AVIATION AFTER THIS WAR 386 [Press Statement, New York City, April 1, 1943] BOYS' CLUBS BOYS IN THE ARMY 389 [Boys' Clubs of America, 37th Annual Convention, New York City, May 6, 1943] ENCHANTED WORLD 392 [This Week Magazine, August 1, 1943] x THE FRONT OF HUMAN DECENCY 395 [Woman's Home Companion, April, 1944] LET'S GO FISHIN' 400 [Collier's, April 22,1944] THE NEED OF BOYS 407 [Boys' Clubs of America, Hotel Commodore, New York City, May 4, 1944] CHICAGO BOYS' CLUB 410 [Chicago, Illinois, June 6, 1945] JAPANESE SURRENDER DAY 418 [Press Statement, Los Angeles, California, August 14, 1945] INDEX 421 xi PART I MAKING PEACE Declaration of War Press Statement, New York City [December 8, 1941] AMERICAN soil has been treacherously attacked by Japan. Our decision is clear. It is forced upon us. We must fight with everything we have. I have opposed the foreign policies of our Government. I have believed alternative policies would have been better. But whatever our differences of view may be as to the causes which have led to this situation, those are matters to be threshed out by History. Today there is just one job before the American people. We must defeat this invasion by Japan and we must fight it in any place that will defeat it. Upon this job we must have and will have unity in America. We must have and will have full support for the President of the United States in this war to defend America. We will have victory. Finland Press Statement, New York City [November 4, 1941] I PROTEST at the United States' using pressure on Democratic Finland on behalf of Communist Russia. The independence of Finland from Russia twenty years ago was largely an American creation. The name of Woodrow Wilson stands on a score of Finnish landmarks. We set Finland on her feet. The Finns were the only people in Europe who repaid the money we loaned them. Only two years ago this peaceful little nation was outrageously attacked by Communist Russia. Our whole country heralded it as the most heroic stand of democracy since Thermopylae. The Finns, to save something, surrendered a third of their country to Russia. Then the Com- munists drove six hundred thousand Finnish men, women and children from the homes they had held for 500 years without even bedclothes to protect them from the winter. True their armies have gone into Karelia, but that was formerly also mostly Finnish. Can America reproach them for taking the first chance to recover these homes and their former countrymen? Has America lost all sense of human and moral proportions? The Approaches to Peace CHICAGO, ILLINOIS [December 16, 1942] YOUR committee suggested that you have heard a good deal about war of late, and that it would be a help to you to hear something about peace. The first of last May Mr. Hugh Gibson and I sent to the publishers a book which among other things proposed tentatively a step in the solution of postwar problems that could be taken before the victory by the United Nations. That idea found favorable support from leaders of thought in several countries. My purpose tonight is to expand this plan into more definite form and indicate its importance. This idea was that the United Nations should at once agree upon such machinery for peace making as will avoid delay in resumption of economic and political life among the nations when firing ceases and also give time for cooling off and deliberate action and public participation in the major problems of a lasting peace. This idea was propounded before any official declarations upon the subject. It has since found favorable support from leaders of thought and officials in several countries. The western world has seen these gigantic explosions into revolution, tumult and world war before. When the killing ceased, men met together, resolute upon making lasting peace. But always invisible forces have also sat at the peace table – both for good and evil. The degenerations and emotions of world wars in many ways reach their most destructive point immediately after firing ceases. 6 ADDRESSES UPON THE AMERICAN ROAD Peacemakers are at the most disadvantageous moment for rebuilding the world. THE EXPERIENCE AT VERSAILLES At the end of the last war we had an Armistice which lasted for nine long months. During that time a thousand diplomats of 40 nations, in daily sessions wrangled and struggled to settle the gigantic problems which had been loosened upon the world. And after that there was a long period of uncertainty in the ratification of the treaty. My immediate job during that Conference was with the gaunt realities of hunger and pestilence, which threatened to destroy the very foundations upon which peace must be built. But that job brought me hourly into contact with the long struggle to rebuild peace and order—and its defeat.
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