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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zmb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73-26,883 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North ZMb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73-26,883 NORRIS, Barbara Dallas, 1930- ASSESSMENT OF THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS RELATED TO THE UNITED METHODIST CHURCH IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Education, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan ASSESSMENT 01r THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS RELATED TO THE UNITED METHODIST CHURCH IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial. Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University ’ by Barbara Dallas Norris, A.B., M.A. * * * The Ohio State University 1973 -A Adviser College of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENT To undertake as well as to complete a study of this particular nature has been made possible only with the assistance of a number of institutions through the people who are their vitality. The investigator here gives acknowledgment for their support with profound appreciation. The World Division of the Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church has given the writer the opportunity of sharing in the development of their educational activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during a period of fifteen years. From this experience I came the awareness of the need for such a study and the personal motiva­ tion for undertaking the task. Dr. Juel Nordby, Executive Secretary for the Africa II area (which included the Democratic Republic of the Congo) of the World Division, and Dr. Samuel R. Smith, Functional Secretary for Education of the World Division, offered strong encouragement for the investigation to be undertaken and facilitated the field study by the underwriting of the project with a full grant of the cost from the World Division. The United Methodist Church in the Congo extended the fullest cooperation to the writer, beginning with the trust level evidenced in the personal invitation to lead the study and carrying through to the reception of the findings of the study. Both clergy and educators gave open, enthusiastic participation during the field visit. Special appreciation is here made to John Wesley Shungu, episcopal leader a t the ii iii time of the planning os well as during the study; without his enthusiasm and backing such a study could not have been carried out successfully. The reception of the writer at the various offices of education in Brussels, Paris, and particularly in Kinshasa was as a professional educator and co-worker; genuine interest was manifest by the sharing of any pertinent materials available. Appreciation is here extended to personnel in the Protestant Office of National Education, the Catholic Office of National Education, the UNESCO mission office, the education office of US-AID, and the Office of Study and Planning of the National Ministry of Education, all in the capital city of Kinshasa. The Ohio State University, College of Education, through its personnel responsible for guiding this student, has given enthusiastic support to a study of this peculiar nature as pertinent research from the first presentation of the idea. Profound appreciation is here ex­ tended to Dr. Robert B. Sutton, major advisor, for encouragement, patience, and personal appreciation of the problems of education in Africa, all of whicli have made possible the final completion of the w riting. Dr. Donald P. Sanders has manifest an unusual enthusiasm and interest in the nature of the study from the beginning of preparation; special gratitude is given to him for his consistent encouragement over the extended period for the completion and for his counsel in prepara­ tion of the study and the technical assistance in the preparation of the instruments utilized. Dr. William Wayt, who has shared with the writer an extended length of work experience in Africa, also served on the Reading Committee for this d issertatio n ; his careful reading of the preliminary draft and bis advice pertaining to the various tables and illustrations have made a significant contribution to the final paper. Finally, a special note of appreciation must be given to Donna Simson for her unusual care and workmanship in the typing preparation of this completed presentation of the study. * VITA August 30, 1930 .... Born--Buriington, Kentucky 1952........................................... A.B., cum laude--Asbury College, Wilmore, Ken tucky 1952-53 ................................. Teacher, Mathematics and Chemistry Simon Kenton High School Independence, Kentucky 1953-54 ........................ Student, Scarritt College for Christian Workers Nashville, Tennessee 1954-55 ................................. Student, Colonial School, Brussels, Belgium 1959 ...................................... M.A., George Peabody College for Teachers Nashville, Tennessee 1955-70 ................................. Educational Missionary United Methodist Board of Missions Assigned to Belgian Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Comparative Education Historical and Cultural Factors: Professor Robert B. Sutton Educational and National Development: Professor Donald P. Sanders v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................... ii VITA........................................................*. ............................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................v ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................................... X Chapter. I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ I II. BACKGROUND............................................................................................................ 18 I I I . STUDENTS................................................................................................................. 69 IV. PHYSICAL FACILITIES ..................................................................................... 95 V. FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION.............................................................................123 VI. TEACHERS.......................................................................................................................156 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . ' ..........................................................172 APPENDIX A .....................................................................................................................................197 Instrument I ............................................................................................................................198 Instrument I I .......................................................................................................................204 Instrument I I I .......................................................................................................................208 APPENDIX B .....................................................................................................................................231 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................242 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Total Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1968-69 by Sector and Percentage in Each ............................ 22 2. Comparison of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools by Sector of the
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