Whitlam and China
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Whitlam As Internationalist: a Centenary Reflection
WHITLAM AS INTERNATIONALIST: A CENTENARY REFLECTION T HE HON MICHAEL KIRBY AC CMG* Edward Gough Whitlam, the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, was born in July 1916. This year is the centenary of his birth. It follows closely on his death in October 2014 when his achievements, including in the law, were widely debated. In this article, the author reviews Whitlam’s particular interest in international law and relations. It outlines the many treaties that were ratified by the Whitlam government, following a long period of comparative disengagement by Australia from international treaty law. The range, variety and significance of the treaties are noted as is Whitlam’s attraction to treaties as a potential source of constitutional power for the enactment of federal laws by the Australian Parliament. This article also reviews Whitlam’s role in the conduct of international relations with Australia’s neighbours, notably the People’s Republic of China, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Indochina. The reconfiguration of geopolitical arrangements is noted as is the close engagement with the United Nations, its agencies and multilateralism. Whilst mistakes by Whitlam and his government are acknowledged, his strong emphasis on international law, and treaty law in particular, was timely. It became a signature theme of his government and life. CONTENTS I Introduction .............................................................................................................. 852 II Australia’s Ratification of International Treaties ................................................. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Communication Arts and Sciences THE LONG TWILIGHT STRUGGLE: PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE COLD WAR, 1945-1974 A Dissertation in Communication Arts and Sciences by Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury © 2011 Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 The dissertation of Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury was reviewed and approved* by the following: J. Michael Hogan Liberal Arts Research Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Jeremy Engels Assistant Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences J. Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities Department of History and Religious Studies Thomas W. Benson Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Rhetoric Head of Department of Communication Arts and Sciences *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This study explores the discourse of U.S. presidents as they defined and redefined the concept of “national security” during the Cold War. As commander-in- chief and the most visible spokesman for the United States in world affairs, the president has enormous power to shape understandings of national security strategy and foreign policy. The project consists of a series of four case studies in presidential speech making on national security: Harry S. Truman’s “Truman Doctrine” speech; Dwight Eisenhower’s “Age of Peril” radio address; John F. Kennedy’s “Inaugural Address”; and the speeches of Richard Nixon during his February 1972 trip to the People’s Republic of China. I argue that each of these episodes marked a significant moment in the rhetoric of national security, as each president promoted a new understanding of the nature of the threats to U.S. -
Cold War Guided Viewing Unit.Pdf
©Reading Through History Excerpt from The Cold War by Jake Henderson & Robert Marshall ©2012 To this videos series, click one of the links below!: Reading Through History on YouTube: The Cold War Reading Through History: The Cold War ©Reading Through History Name________________________ Communism: Guided Viewing: Fill in the blanks below to create complete sentences. 1. For many years, communism was the dominant economic system used in many countries across __________________________ and Asia. 2. The modern idea of communism was first proposed by German philosophers __________________________ and Friedrich Engels. 3. Together, they wrote a short book known as The Communist _______________. 4. One of the key principles of communism is the concept of a _____________________ society. 5. More importantly, the salaries of employees, regardless of the job performed, were all _____________________________. 6. The eventual goal of this 'classless society' would be a state in which there was no _____________________ at all. 7. In a true communist nation, there is to be no private ownership of _______________________. 8. This would also mean that the state controlled all means of producing __________________________. 9. Finally, in 1917, a group of Communists in Russia, known as _______________________, started a revolution. 10. At one point during what came to be known as the Cold War era, a full ___________ of the world’s population lived under some type of communist rule. ©Reading Through History Page 1 Name________________________ The Soviet Union: Guided Viewing: Fill in the blanks below to create complete sentences. 1. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the world's only two “___________________________”. -
Nixon's Communications Strategy After Lam Son
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons War and Society (MA) Theses Dissertations and Theses Winter 12-9-2019 Stop Talking about Sorrow: Nixon’s Communications Strategy after Lam Son 719 Dominic K. So Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses Part of the Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation So, Dominic K. Stop Talking about Sorrow: Nixon’s Communications Strategy after Lam Son 719. 2019. Chapman University, MA Thesis. Chapman University Digital Commons, https://doi.org/10.36837/ chapman.000102 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in War and Society (MA) Theses by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stop Talking about Sorrow: Nixon’s Communications Strategy after Lam Son 719 A Thesis by Dominic K. So Chapman University Orange, CA Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in War and Society Studies December 2019 Committee in charge: Gregory Daddis, Ph.D., Chair Lori Cox Han, Ph.D. Robert Slayton, Ph.D. The thesis of Dominic K. So is approved dis, Ph.D., Chair Lori Cox Han, Slayton, Ph.D December 2019 Stop Talking about Sorrow: Nixon’s Communications Strategy after Lam Son 719 Copyright © 2019 by Dominic K. So III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, thank you to my advisor, Dr. -
1 SYLLABUS the Modern US Presidency
SYLLABUS The Modern U.S. Presidency – Fifty Years of Political Evolution BLHV-461-01 Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Studies Program, Georgetown University, Spring 2014 Day and Time: Mondays – 5:20 p.m. to 7:50 p.m. Location: TBA Instructor: Ambassador Paul A. Russo Adjunct Professor of Liberal Studies Telephone: (202) 256-3467 E-Mail: [email protected] The syllabus is subject to change. Course Summary This course will present an overview of the American political process, with focus on the executive branch of the U.S. Government, comparing and contrasting the role and style of modern presidents and their decision- making process in dealing with crisis situations – from John F. Kennedy to Barack Obama --with emphasis on foreign policy decisions. We will also consider the changing role of the U.S. President at the beginning of the 21st Century, specifically discussing the impact of terrorism, two wars, and the financial crisis, on the governing process. The course offers an insider’s perspective on how major events shape both foreign and domestic White House policy. We will examine America’s new role in a rapidly changing world, with emphasis on how the White House is affected by modern technology, the 24-hour news cycle, and globalization. The course will also scrutinize the functions of key White House staff and their expanding role in the governing process, and consider the mechanics and the politics of staffing over 3,500 senior federal positions, including the U.S. Senate confirmation process. Students are expected to keep abreast of current affairs, and also to read historical materials on modern U.S. -
ACHIEVEMENT and SHORTFALL in the NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics
CHAPTER 12 ACHIEVEMENT AND SHORTFALL IN THE NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics JAMES A. WALTER Conservative parties have dominated Australian federal politics since the Second World War. Coming to power in 1949 under Mr. (later Sir) Robert Menzies, the Liberal-Country party (L-CP) coalition held office continuously until 1972, when it was displaced by the reformist Aus tralian Labor party (ALP) government of Mr. Gough Whitlam. Yet the Whitlam ALP government served for only three years before losing office in unusual and controversial circumstances in 1975, since which time the conservative coalition has again held sway. It is my purpose here to examine the leadership of Gough Whitlam and the effects he had upon the fortunes of the ALP government. But first, it is essential to sketch briefly the political history of the years before Whitlam carne to power and the material conditions which the ALP administration en countered, for rarely can the success or failure of an administration be attributed solely to the qualities of an individual. In this case, the con tingencies of situation and history were surely as relevant as the charac teristics of leadership. In Australia, the period from the late 1940s until the late 1960s was, in relative terms, a time of plenty. Prices for Australian exports (agri cultural and later mineral products) were high, foreign investment in the economy flourished, and Robert Menzies' conservative government capitalized by astutely presenting itself as the beneficent author of these conditions. In reality, the government played little part, and develop- 231 C. B. Strozier et al. -
Teacher's Guide
1970–1979 Lesson 8 LESSON 8 The Decade of 1970–1979 LESSON ASSIGNMENTS You are encouraged to be very attentive while viewing the video program. Review the video objectives and be prepared to record possible answers, in abbreviated form, as you view the video. The topics and time periods may differ from the chapters of the textbook your school system is using. Each video program chronicles a wide array of events and personalities during a specific decade of the 20th century. Keep in mind that one of the overarching goals of each lesson is to help you understand how past historical events and actions by historical personalities did not occur in a vacuum, and that they are inextricably interwoven in your society today. Video: “The Decade of 1970–1979” from the series, The Remarkable 20th Century. Activities: Your teacher may assign one or more activities for each lesson. OVERVIEW The decade of the 1970s saw the end of the Vietnam War, the death of Elvis Presley and the revelation of Watergate and the birth of the microprocessor, or “the computer on a chip.” Videocassette recorders changed home entertainment forever. The sites of DNA production on genes were discovered, and the fledgling research in genetic engineering was temporarily halted pending further development of safer techniques. Three presidents (Nixon, Ford, and Carter) tried to provide leadership for the nation as it marched towards advances for women, civil rights, the environment, and space exploration. Many of the “radical” ideas of the 1960s reached fruition in the 1970s and were mainstreamed into American life and culture. -
A Comparison of Nixon-China and Trump-Korea Policies* D
2018 ВЕСТНИК САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА Т. 11. Вып. 4 МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ UDC 324 Permanent сampaigning as an issue for foreign policy analysis: A comparison of Nixon-China and Trump-Korea policies* D. A. Lanko, I. S. Lantsova St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation For citation: Lanko D. A., Lantsova I. S. Permanent campaigning as an issue for foreign policy analysis: A comparison of Nixon-China and Trump-Korea policies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Inter- national Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 4, pp. 404–414. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu06.2018.406 The article seeks to extend the limits of applicability of permanent campaigning as a concept helpful in understanding politics in the field of foreign policy analysis. It should start with ex- ploring how applicable the saying “it took Nixon to go to China” is not only to foreign policy analysis, but also to the studies of public and even business administration. In early 1970s Nixon’s reputation of a tough anti-Communist helped him win domestic support to his policy towards Communist China. In a similar manner, in 2017 Trump sought a reputation of a fierce critic of North Korea, by means of publicly threatening the latter with ‘fire and fury’, in order to not only convince North Korea’s Kim to make concessions, but also to gain domestic support to possible change in U.S.-North Korean relations. The Trump-Korea situation differed significantly from the Nixon-China situation, which limited Trump’s ability to win domestic support to possible rapprochement with North Korea by means of permanent campaigning. -
Curtin's Battle for Australia
Curtin University Curtin’s battle for Australia: relevant questions for 2011 Public Lecture presented by JCPML Visiting Scholar Graham Freudenberg on 27 October 2011. It’s a great honour to be the Visiting Scholar at the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, especially in the month and year of the 70th anniversary of the coming of the Curtin Government. If I had been smart enough to use the resources of the Library when I was writing my book on Churchill and Australia about three years ago, I might have avoided at least one blunder. It relates to the visit John Curtin made to Perth at the end of January 1942. I wrote: The Prime Minister had been persuaded by his Cabinet colleagues to take a break. Astonishingly, he chose to cross the continent by train to his home in Perth, a four- night journey, and was absent from Canberra for this critical fortnight…….. The editor of Documents on Australian Foreign Policy notes that Curtin ‘took a holiday’, and that unfavourable press comment on his absence led him to justify his journey by the implausible excuse that he was consulting the Premier of Western Australia on naval policy at the request of the British Admiralty. My personal speculation is that Curtin made the judgement that unless he could get away for a spell, he would break down completely. I thought I’d check this out; so, among my many requests to Lesley Wallace, I asked for the material in the Library about this visit, and Kate Roberton supplied it in profusion. Reading it, I now stand embarrassed at my presumption. -
EUI WORKING PAPERS Access European Open Author(S)
Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE EUI WORKINGEUI PAPERS on University Access European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European European University Institute 3 Institute. 0001 Cadmus, on 0036 University 3926 Access European 9 Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, on University Access Ross: EUI Working Paper RSC No. 99/4 European Open “BeyondLeft andRight": The New 'Partisan' Politics of Welfare Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by WP 3 0 9 EUR produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. directed by Professors Maurizio Ferrera (Universities of Pavia and Bocconi, Milano) and This Working Paper has been written in the context of the 1998-1999 European Forum European European welfare states; a broad, Adopting long-term comparative and the perspective, will aim to: Forum Rhodes Martin (Robert Schuman Centre). programme on sub-national sub-national and supra-national level; scrutinize the ■ complex web of social, economic and political challenges to contemporary • and, more generally, outline broad the and scenarios change. trajectories of • discuss the • role of the various actors in promoting or hindering this reform at the the national, various optionsidentify and constraints for, on institutional reform; - Cadmus, on University Access Recasting Recasting the European Welfare State: Options, Constraints, Actors, European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE on BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) University The New Access Jean Monnet Fellow, European Forum Forum (1998-99) Jean European Monnet Fellow, EUI EUI Working EUFPaper No. -
Thank God for That
Rich Pliskin Washington, DC [email protected] richpliskin.com 202-549-1453 THANK GOD FOR THAT A novel by Rich Pliskin 84,000 words THANK GOD FOR THAT/1 OUR BRAND IS OUR BUTTER Denny Dash worked fast. He ripped the pencil drawer from his office desk and poured the debris of a once-glittering marketing career into a Felcher Communications Corp. travel tote: one leaky tube of 3-2-1 BlistOff lip balm, some loose change from no- count countries, a sample baggy of Quendle’s CheeseChumps, and a handful of Horvath for President buttons: “I Think Not,” “Thank God for That,” “Enough With the Slogans Already!” and the emotive core of the campaign: “In Your Heart, You Know He’s Wrong. But So What?” And the crumpled envelope with the key in it. The one thing he was looking for. It had been a week since CEO Harold Felcher, Denny’s ostensible boss, had thrust the key on him. Denny had been fingering through restive correspondence from the New York State Family Court when Harold padded in, waving the envelope over his head like Chamberlain bringing home the Munich Agreement. Had Chamberlain been a hundred pounds heavier, wheezed often and been unable to keep his shirttail tucked in, the resemblance would have been uncanny. Goering was a closer match. THANK GOD FOR THAT/2 Harold had correctly judged that Denny Dash, FC2’s erstwhile creative engine, had hurtled off the rails and plunged into a very deep, weed-choked mental gully that nothing less than an open-ended tropical sabbatical could hoist him out of. -
U.S. Human Rights Policy in the Post-Cold War Era
Bryant University Bryant Digital Repository History and Social Sciences Faculty Journal History and Social Sciences Faculty Articles Publications and Research Summer 2006 U.S. Human Rights Policy in the Post-Cold War Era John W. Dietrich Bryant University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/histss_jou Recommended Citation Dietrich, John W., "U.S. Human Rights Policy in the Post-Cold War Era" (2006). History and Social Sciences Faculty Journal Articles. Paper 78. https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/histss_jou/78 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History and Social Sciences Faculty Publications and Research at Bryant Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History and Social Sciences Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Bryant Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. U.S. Human Rights Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: Continued Structural Constraints Across Time and Administrations John W. Dietrich Bryant University 1 Historically, the implementation of U.S. human rights policy has been a case of “two steps forward, one step back.” From its earliest days, the United States has attempted, at least to some degree, to include morality, the protection of individual rights, and the spread of democracy in foreign policy calculations. These efforts became more prominent after World War II. By the late-1980s, human rights concerns were firmly embedded in U.S. foreign policy rhetoric, policy-making institutions, and global actions. Despite these long-term trends, full policy implementation of human rights principles was constrained over time by lack of U.S.