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Whitlam As Internationalist: a Centenary Reflection
WHITLAM AS INTERNATIONALIST: A CENTENARY REFLECTION T HE HON MICHAEL KIRBY AC CMG* Edward Gough Whitlam, the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, was born in July 1916. This year is the centenary of his birth. It follows closely on his death in October 2014 when his achievements, including in the law, were widely debated. In this article, the author reviews Whitlam’s particular interest in international law and relations. It outlines the many treaties that were ratified by the Whitlam government, following a long period of comparative disengagement by Australia from international treaty law. The range, variety and significance of the treaties are noted as is Whitlam’s attraction to treaties as a potential source of constitutional power for the enactment of federal laws by the Australian Parliament. This article also reviews Whitlam’s role in the conduct of international relations with Australia’s neighbours, notably the People’s Republic of China, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Indochina. The reconfiguration of geopolitical arrangements is noted as is the close engagement with the United Nations, its agencies and multilateralism. Whilst mistakes by Whitlam and his government are acknowledged, his strong emphasis on international law, and treaty law in particular, was timely. It became a signature theme of his government and life. CONTENTS I Introduction .............................................................................................................. 852 II Australia’s Ratification of International Treaties ................................................. -
Whitlam and China
WHITLAM AND CHINA Prime Ministers Series November 2014 FRONT COVER IMAGE: Gough and Margaret Whitlam visit the Temple of Heaven in Beijing November, 1973. © File photo/NLA/Xinhua CONTENTS Introduction 4 Whitlam and China: 6 Transcript of Panel Discussion, Sydney, November 6 2014 A Note from Graham Freudenberg - Terrill and Taiwan (November 9 2014) 35 Whitlam Timeline 38 Further Reading 40 The Panellists 42 Published by Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) University of Technology, Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia t: +61 2 9514 8593 f: +61 2 9514 2189 e: [email protected] w: www.acri.uts.edu.au © Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) 2015 ISBN 978-0-9942825-0-7 The publication is copyright. Other than for uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without attribution. INTRODUCTION ACRI is proud to have hosted this discussion of Gough Whitlam’s 1971 visit which opened up the contemporary relationship between Australia and China. It is sad that we weren’t able to interview Gough Whitlam about China in the way we intend to interview other Australian Prime Ministers. But we are honoured to add this transcript to the many tributes to Australia’s 21st Prime Minister. In our panel conversation, a long-term Whitlam advisor and friend, 81 year old Graham Freudenberg, recreated the tension around the visit. Mr Whitlam was Opposition Leader; he was taking a political risk in going to ‘Red China’. Mr Freudenberg, a master of story- telling, captured the sense of excitement felt by the Whitlam party encamped at the Peking Hotel. -
ACHIEVEMENT and SHORTFALL in the NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics
CHAPTER 12 ACHIEVEMENT AND SHORTFALL IN THE NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics JAMES A. WALTER Conservative parties have dominated Australian federal politics since the Second World War. Coming to power in 1949 under Mr. (later Sir) Robert Menzies, the Liberal-Country party (L-CP) coalition held office continuously until 1972, when it was displaced by the reformist Aus tralian Labor party (ALP) government of Mr. Gough Whitlam. Yet the Whitlam ALP government served for only three years before losing office in unusual and controversial circumstances in 1975, since which time the conservative coalition has again held sway. It is my purpose here to examine the leadership of Gough Whitlam and the effects he had upon the fortunes of the ALP government. But first, it is essential to sketch briefly the political history of the years before Whitlam carne to power and the material conditions which the ALP administration en countered, for rarely can the success or failure of an administration be attributed solely to the qualities of an individual. In this case, the con tingencies of situation and history were surely as relevant as the charac teristics of leadership. In Australia, the period from the late 1940s until the late 1960s was, in relative terms, a time of plenty. Prices for Australian exports (agri cultural and later mineral products) were high, foreign investment in the economy flourished, and Robert Menzies' conservative government capitalized by astutely presenting itself as the beneficent author of these conditions. In reality, the government played little part, and develop- 231 C. B. Strozier et al. -
Curtin's Battle for Australia
Curtin University Curtin’s battle for Australia: relevant questions for 2011 Public Lecture presented by JCPML Visiting Scholar Graham Freudenberg on 27 October 2011. It’s a great honour to be the Visiting Scholar at the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, especially in the month and year of the 70th anniversary of the coming of the Curtin Government. If I had been smart enough to use the resources of the Library when I was writing my book on Churchill and Australia about three years ago, I might have avoided at least one blunder. It relates to the visit John Curtin made to Perth at the end of January 1942. I wrote: The Prime Minister had been persuaded by his Cabinet colleagues to take a break. Astonishingly, he chose to cross the continent by train to his home in Perth, a four- night journey, and was absent from Canberra for this critical fortnight…….. The editor of Documents on Australian Foreign Policy notes that Curtin ‘took a holiday’, and that unfavourable press comment on his absence led him to justify his journey by the implausible excuse that he was consulting the Premier of Western Australia on naval policy at the request of the British Admiralty. My personal speculation is that Curtin made the judgement that unless he could get away for a spell, he would break down completely. I thought I’d check this out; so, among my many requests to Lesley Wallace, I asked for the material in the Library about this visit, and Kate Roberton supplied it in profusion. Reading it, I now stand embarrassed at my presumption. -
Queensland Chapter)
AUSTRALASIAN STUDY OF PARLIAMENT GROUP (Queensland Chapter) FROM THE DLP TO FAMILY FIRST Monday, 22 November 2004 Brisbane - 1 - FROM THE DLP TO FAMILY FIRST Ms MALONE: Members of parliament, former members of parliament, ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the Queensland chapter of the Australasian Study of Parliament Group's discussion of ‘From the DLP to Family First: The legacy of the DLP 30 years on’. Before we move into tonight's proceedings, there are some further acknowledgments that I would like to make. I would like to acknowledge the traditional owners, past and present, of the land on which we meet. I would also like to acknowledge some of the guests who have joined us this evening. The Hon. Kevin Rozzoli is a former Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales from 1973 to1999 and served as Speaker of that institution for seven years until 1995. Kevin is the president of the Australasian Study of Parliament Group, the parent body, and is passionate about furthering the understanding of members of parliament of the institutions in their custodianship and improving the function of our system of government. He has come from Sydney to be a part of this event this evening. I would also like to acknowledge Mr Manfred Cross, former Labor member for Brisbane in the House of Representatives from 1961 until 1990. Manfred has, in addition to his distinguished service in the Australian parliament, been prominently involved in Queensland affairs and in the Labor Party organization in this state. -
Gough Whitlam and the ‘Grounds’ for a University of Western Sydney
THE WHITLAM LEGACY A SERIES OF OCCASIONAL PAPERS PUBLISHED BY THE WHITLAM INSTITUTE VOL 1 | OCTOBER 2011 GOUGH WHITLAM AND THE ‘Grounds’ FOR A UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY ‘ A riveder le stelle’ DR MARK HUTCHINSON Editing: The Whitlam Institute ISBN: 978-1-74108-225-8 Copyright: The Whitlam Institute within the University of Western Sydney, 2011 Authored by Dr Mark Hutchinson Mark Hutchinson took a PhD in History at the University of NSW (1989), with a thesis on the development of 19th century Australian historiography. He has been particularly interested in Australian cultural and intellectual history. From 1990-91, he was senior researcher (with Professor Bruce Mansfield) on the Macquarie University 25 Year History Project, which resulted in the book Liberality of Opportunity: A History of Macquarie University 1964-1989 (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1992). At the completion of that project, he took up the position as founding Director of the Centre for the Study of Australian Christianity at Robert Menzies College (1991-1999), a research centre which produced numerous books, articles and working papers, and which attracted significant interest internationally. From 1998-2002, in addition, Mark was Assistant Director of the Currents in World Christianity Project at Cambridge University. From 2000-2010, he was Dean, Graduate Studies (later Dean of Academic Advancement), and Reader in History and Society, at Alphacrucis College, Sydney. Mark is currently University Historian at the University of Western Sydney in preparation for the celebration of the University’s 25th Anniversary in 2014, a position which he feels may best be viewed as helping one of Australia’s great universities reflect upon its own nature, mission and heritage. -
Whitlam As Internationalist : a Centenary Reflection
2799 UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE LAW REVIEW WHITLAM AS INTERNATIONALIST : A CENTENARY REFLECTION The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW WHITLAM AS INTERNATIONALIST: A CENTENARY REFLECTION The Hon Michael Kirby AC CMG ABSTRACT Edward Gough Whitlam, the twenty-first Prime Minister of Australia, was born in Melbourne in July 1916. This year is the centenary of his birth. It follows closely on his death in October 2014 when his achievements, including in the law, were widely reflected on. In this article, the author reviews Whitlam’s particular interest in international law and relations. It outlines the many treaties that were ratified by the Whitlam Government, following a long period of comparative disengagement by Australia from international treaty law. The range, variety and significance of the treaties is noted as is Whitlam’s attraction to treaties as a potential source of constitutional power for the enactment of federal laws by the Australian Parliament. The article also reviews Whitlam’s role in international relations with Australia’s neighbours, notably China, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Indochina. The reconfiguration of geopolitical arrangements is noted as is the close engagement with the United Nations, its agencies and multilateralism. Whilst mistakes by Whitlam and his government are acknowledged, his strong emphasis on international law, and treaty law in particular, was timely. It became a signature theme of his Government. Based on the author’s Whitlam Lecture 2010 delivered Sydney, 25 February 2010. Justice of the High Court of Australia 1996-2009; President of the International Commission of Jurists 1995-1998. The author acknowledges the outstanding research assistance of Jason D. -
Public Leadership—Perspectives and Practices
20. The Retiring Premiers: A New Style of Leadership Transition Paul Strangio `I will never resign. They will have to carry me out with my boots on' (cited in Knight 2003: 244). Ned Hanlon, Premier of Queensland, 7 March 1946 - 15 January 1952 (died in office) `I feel I could be premier for 20 years. Ha! Hubris Ð when we imagine we're gods. In my business you can be wiped out by events, and within a 24 hours news cycle' (cited in Smith 2006: 496). Diary entry early 2000, Bob Carr, Premier of New South Wales, 4 April 1995 - 3 August 2005 (resigned) Leaders who do know when to go In the introduction to their 2005 edited volume Yes, Premier: Labor leadership in Australia's states and territories, John Wanna and Paul Williams point to the `surprisingly sparse' scholarly literature on sub-national politics in Australia and an associated absence of a `systematic analysis of state leaders' (pp 25 and 29). The Wanna and Williams study was an admirable attempt to redress that latter omission through a collective study of the (then) current batch of sub-national leaders (all of whom, for the first time since Federation, were from the Labor side of politics). The publication of Yes, Premier was preceded by the third edition of The Premiers of Queensland (Murphy et al. 2003) and has been followed subsequently by collections of biographical essays on the premiers of New South Wales (Clune and Turner 2006) and Victoria (Strangio and Costar 2006). It would be wrong to exaggerate this trend. -
Ius Murphy Had a Strong Political and Historical Interest in Biography the Personal Qualities Involved in Political Leadership
65 UTICAL LEADERSHIPAND QUEENSLAND NATIONALISM Brian Costar 'ius Murphy had a strong political and historical interest in biography the personal qualities involved in political leadership. Much ofhis best fJry was written during the 1970s-a time when Queensland was seen §any as being 'different' from the rest ofAustralia. Murphy remained \jJtical of this orthodoxy and argued in 1978 that, from an historical §pective, 'the image that a state has in the national picture is not .ething that is static. Itwill change and often be related to the calibre of state's political leaders' .1 Queensland in the 1980s seemed to prove him ~ng as Australia's first and only majority National Party gove=ent ~elected in 1983 (the year Murphy entered Parliament as the member (Stafford) and surprisingly re-elected in 1986. Premier Bjelke-Petersen r'?68-87), as the personal embodiment of all that was 'different' about t1.{eensland, reigned supreme and appeared invincible, yet he was deposed his own party in 1988 and the Labor electoral landslide which followed .1989 shattered more than a few myths about Queensland's inherent ?hservatism. Queensland's status as Australia's different state was usurped .Victoria in the 1990s, where the iconic leadership of Jeffrey Kennett dpught a revolution in the finances and governance ofthe State.' "0 is chapter investigates the relationship between 'Queensland j'(fationalism' and politicalleadership by reviewing the role played by then 'federal Opposition leader, Gough Whitlam, inreviving the electoral stocks f Queensland Labor in the 1960s.The chapter argues that there is more l!\an one seam in the lode ofQueensland nationalism and that the political ?1.I1ture ofthe state has been influenced by styles ofpolitical leadership to ~extent not sufficiently appreciated by previous co=entators. -
Political Biography and the Creative Imagination1
Jenny Hocking* IT’S A RIPPING GOOD YARN! POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY AND THE CREATIVE IMAGINATION1 ABSTRACT In her reflections on ‘the limitations of history as a narrative form’, Cassandra Pybus presents an apparent literary divide between the creativity and narrative flair of fiction and the dreary, barren wasteland of history; contrasting the historical novelist, excitably working with ‘the rich possibilities of make-believe’, with the poor, impossibly constrained historian, forever weighed down by the burden of the record, ‘irrevocably tied to concrete evidence which is patchy at best and never allows access to the inner workings of the human psyche’.2 Pybus states: Not even a master of the popular history genre, … can construct a past world as rich and satisfying as the parallel universe the novelist can imagine, nor create characters who are revealed to us in their most intimate moments and private thoughts.3 In this paper, Jenny Hocking refutes such an essentialist dichotomy between biography and creativity. Hocking argues that biography inhabits a world between history and literature: it is both a creative and a scholarly process, grounded in empiricism and brought to life through the same defining techniques of fiction — character and narrative — that Pybus identifies in the ‘seamless narrative arc’ of popular history. Biography is also one of the most creative forms – or at least it has the potential for creativity — through the construction of narrative, of compelling characters and universal themes from * Professor and Head of the School of Journalism, Australian and Indigenous Studies, Monash University. Professor Hocking is the author of several books, including political biographies of Lionel Murphy, Frank Hardy and Gough Whitlam. -
14. Labor out of the Wilderness
14. Labor Out of the Wilderness In March 1963, The Daily Telegraph published a bombshell picture of the Opposition Leader, Arthur Calwell, and his deputy, Gough Whitlam, waiting in the dead of night outside the Kingston Hotel for 36 members of the specially convened ALP National Conference to vote on the Menzies Government’s legislation for a US naval communications base at North West Cape in Western Australia. This gave Whitlam a powerful weapon in his mission to transform the Australian Labor Party into a democratic national institution. Many inside and outside the Labor Party today would argue it is far from a truly democratic party. This is fair criticism, but when compared with the Liberal Party (Australia’s most successful postwar party), the Labor Party is far more democratic. Under Prime Minister John Howard, who over four parliamentary terms assumed the role of an elected dictator, the federal parliamentary Liberal Party was less democratic than ever. Whitlam’s achievements were at least as great when in opposition as when he was Prime Minister. Whitlam ranks with Menzies as one of Australia’s most significant political leaders. Menzies came back from his failed prewar career to unite the dispirited and impotent conservatives and overthrow a socialist Labor government that appeared to have a stranglehold on power. Whitlam brought together a divided and hopeless Labor Party to return it to power after its longest period in opposition, and changed politics profoundly. To the astonishment of the nation, Whitlam was sacked by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, on Remembrance Day, 11 November 1975, despite having the confidence of the Lower House of Parliament both before and after his sacking. -
Graham Freudenberg
http://www.metromagazine.com.au https://theeducationshop.com.au A STUDY GUIDE BY © ATOM 2019 ISBN: 978-1-76061-287-0 KATY MARRINER Content Hyperlinks 3 Curriculum links 4 Synopsis 4 Graham Freudenberg 5 Director’s statement 6 What is a speech? 6 What is a speechwriter? 7 ‘Words are central to my life’ 8 ‘Friends and flukes’ 8 Modus operandi 9 ‘Come on Abe, give me some inspiration.’ 9 ‘Three types of speeches’ 10 ‘The palm without the dust’ 10 The Drumbeat speech 11 ‘Sometimes the weapon is the speech’ 11 It’s Time 12 More than just a speechwriter 13 Leader Graham Freudenberg 13 Gallipoli Spirits DURATION: 58 MINS 14 The new technology 14 Keep the show running 1000 SPEECHES – 6 POLITICAL LEADERS – 50 YEARS 15 Discussing film style THE SCRIBE (2018) IS A FEATURE DOCUMENTARY 15 Your turn WRITTEN, DIRECTED AND PRODUCED BY RUTH CULLEN. GRAHAM FREUDENBERG IS AN AUSTRALIAN POLITICAL 15 Ruth Cullen, Director SPEECHWRITER. THE SCRIBE RECOUNTS HIS WORKING 2019 © ATOM 16 Appendixes LIFE AND HIS ENDURING LEGACY. 18 Recommended reading 2 Curriculum links The Scribe is suitable for secondary students in Years 10 – 12 studying Civics and Citizenship, English, History, and Media Arts. Through the study of Civics and Citizenship, this knowledge to create purposeful texts that students can develop skills of inquiry, values inform, persuade and engage. and dispositions that enable them to be active and informed citizens. The Scribe provides ••• opportunities for students to investigate the nature and exercise of political power and the formulation A knowledge and understanding of history is and implementation of domestic and foreign policy.