Primates in Peril Jennifer L
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Lemur News 7 (2002).Pdf
Lemur News Vol. 7, 2002 Page 1 Conservation International’s President EDITORIAL Awarded Brazil’s Highest Honor In recognition of his years of conservation work in Brazil, CI President Russell Mittermeier was awarded the National Are you in favor of conservation? Do you know how conser- Order of the Southern Cross by the Brazilian government. vation is viewed by the academic world? I raise these ques- Dr. Mittermeier received the award on August 29, 2001 at tions because they are central to current issues facing pri- the Brazilian Ambassador's residence in Washington, DC. matology in general and prosimians specifically. The National Order of the Southern Cross was created in The Duke University Primate Center is in danger of being 1922 to recognize the merits of individuals who have helped closed because it is associated with conservation. An inter- to strengthen Brazil's relations with the international com- nal university review in 2001 stated that the Center was too munity. The award is the highest given to a foreign national focused on conservation and not enough on research. The re- for service in Brazil. viewers were all researchers from the "hard" sciences, but For the past three decades, Mittermeier has been a leader in they perceived conservation to be a negative. The Duke ad- promoting biodiversity conservation in Brazil and has con- ministration had similar views and wanted more emphasis ducted numerous studies on primates and other fauna in the on research and less on conservation. The new Director has country. During his time with the World Wildlife Fund three years to make that happen. -
The Evolution of the Lepilemuridae-Cheirogaleidae Clade
The evolution of the Lepilemuridae-Cheirogaleidae clade By Curswan Allan Andrews Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Faculty of SCIENCE at the NELSON MANDELA UNIVERSITY Promoters Prof. Judith C. Masters Dr. Fabien G.S. Génin Prof. Graham I.H. Kerley April 2019 1 i Dedication To my mothers’ Cecelia Andrews & Johanna Cloete ii DECLARATION FULL NAME: Curswan Allan Andrews STUDENT NUMBER: 214372952 QUALIFICATION: Doctor of Philosophy DECLARATION: In accordance with Rule G5.6.3, I hereby declare that the above-mentioned thesis is my own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment to another University or for another qualification. Signature ________________ Curswan Andrews iii ABSTRACT The Lepilemuridae and the Cheirogaleidae, according to recent molecular reconstructions, share a more recent common ancestor than previously thought. Further phylogenetic reconstructions have indicated that body size evolution in this clade was marked by repeated dwarfing events that coincided with changes in the environment. I aimed to investigate the morphological implications of changes in body size within the Lepilemur-cheirogaleid clade, testing four predictions. Together with Dr. Couette, I collected data on the overall palate shape and predicted that shape is likely to be influenced by several factors including phylogeny, body size and diet. Geometric morphometric analyses revealed that, although a strong phylogenetic signal was detected, diet had the major effect on palate shape. In a similar vein, when examining the arterial circulation patterns in these taxa, I predicted that changes in body size would result in changes and possible reductions in arterial size, particularly the internal carotid artery (ICA) and stapedial artery (SA). -
Exam 1 Set 3 Taxonomy and Primates
Goodall Films • Four classic films from the 1960s of Goodalls early work with Gombe (Tanzania —East Africa) chimpanzees • Introduction to Chimpanzee Behavior • Infant Development • Feeding and Food Sharing • Tool Using Primates! Specifically the EXTANT primates, i.e., the species that are still alive today: these include some prosimians, some monkeys, & some apes (-next: fossil hominins, who are extinct) Diversity ...200$300&species& Taxonomy What are primates? Overview: What are primates? • Taxonomy of living • Prosimians (Strepsirhines) – Lorises things – Lemurs • Distinguishing – Tarsiers (?) • Anthropoids (Haplorhines) primate – Platyrrhines characteristics • Cebids • Atelines • Primate taxonomy: • Callitrichids distinguishing characteristics – Catarrhines within the Order Primate… • Cercopithecoids – Cercopithecines – Colobines • Hominoids – Hylobatids – Pongids – Hominins Taxonomy: Hierarchical and Linnean (between Kingdoms and Species, but really not a totally accurate representation) • Subspecies • Species • Genus • Family • Infraorder • Order • Class • Phylum • Kingdom Tree of life -based on traits we think we observe -Beware anthropocentrism, the concept that humans may regard themselves as the central and most significant entities in the universe, or that they assess reality through an exclusively human perspective. Taxonomy: Kingdoms (6 here) Kingdom Animalia • Ingestive heterotrophs • Lack cell wall • Motile at at least some part of their lives • Embryos have a blastula stage (a hollow ball of cells) • Usually an internal -
Online Appendix for “The Impact of the “World's 25 Most Endangered
Online appendix for “The impact of the “World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates” list on scientific publications and media” Table A1. List of species included in the Top25 most endangered primate list from the list of 2000-2002 to 2010-2012 and used in the scientific publication analysis. There is the year of their first mention in the Top25 list and the consecutive mentions in the following Top25 lists. Species names are the current species names (based on IUCN) and not the name used at the time of the Top25 list release. First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Species mention mention mention mention mention mention Ateles fusciceps 2006 Ateles hybridus 2006 2008 2010 Ateles hybridus brunneus 2004 Brachyteles hypoxanthus 2000 2002 2004 Callicebus barbarabrownae 2010 Cebus flavius 2010 Cebus xanthosternos 2000 2002 2004 Cercocebus atys lunulatus 2000 2002 2004 Cercocebus galeritus galeritus 2002 Cercocebus sanjei 2000 2002 2004 Cercopithecus roloway 2002 2006 2008 2010 Cercopithecus sclateri 2000 Eulemur cinereiceps 2004 2006 2008 Eulemur flavifrons 2008 2010 Galagoides rondoensis 2006 2008 2010 Gorilla beringei graueri 2010 Gorilla beringei beringei 2000 2002 2004 Gorilla gorilla diehli 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Hapalemur aureus 2000 Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis 2000 Hoolock hoolock 2006 2008 Hylobates moloch 2000 Lagothrix flavicauda 2000 2006 2008 2010 Leontopithecus caissara 2000 2002 2004 Leontopithecus chrysopygus 2000 Leontopithecus rosalia 2000 Lepilemur sahamalazensis 2006 Lepilemur septentrionalis 2008 2010 Loris tardigradus nycticeboides -
REVIEW ARTICLE Agroecosystems and Primate Conservation in the Tropics: a Review
American Journal of Primatology 74:696–711 (2012) REVIEW ARTICLE Agroecosystems and Primate Conservation in The Tropics: A Review ∗ ALEJANDRO ESTRADA1 , BECKY E. RABOY2,3, AND LEONARDO C. OLIVEIRA3-6 1Estaci´on de Biolog´ıa Tropical Los Tuxtlas Instituto de Biolog´ıa, Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico, Mexico City, Mexico 2Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 3Instituto de Estudos S´ocioambientais do Sul da Bahia (IESB), Ilh´eus-BA, Brazil 4Programa de P´os-Gradua¸c˜ao em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5Programa de P´os-Gradua¸c˜ao em Ecologia e Conserva¸c˜ao da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh´eus-BA, Brazil 6Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Agroecosystems cover more than one quarter of the global land area (ca. 50 million km2) as highly simplified (e.g. pasturelands) or more complex systems (e.g. polycultures and agroforestry systems) with the capacity to support higher biodiversity. Increasingly more information has been published about primates in agroecosystems but a general synthesis of the diversity of agroecosystems that primates use or which primate taxa are able to persist in these anthropogenic components of the landscapes is still lacking. Because of the continued extensive transformation of primate habitat into human-modified landscapes, it is important to explore the extent to which agroecosystems are used by primates. In this article, we reviewed published information on the use of agroecosystems by primates in habitat countries and also discuss the potential costs and benefits to human and nonhuman primates of primate use of agroecosystems. -
World's Most Endangered Primates
Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Macfie, E.J., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2017. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 99 pp. Citation (species): Salmona, J., Patel, E.R., Chikhi, L. and Banks, M.A. 2017. Propithecus perrieri (Lavauden, 1931). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, E.J. Macfie, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018, pp. 40-43. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. -
Project Update: August 2002 Habitat Quality and Fragmentation and The
Project Update: August 2002 Habitat Quality and Fragmentation and the Distribution and Abundance of the Tana River Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus Rufomitratus, in Eastern Kenya Habitat fragmentation constitutes the most significant threat to survival of primates in the world and therefore there is an urgent need for effective conservation measures that protect primates living in fragmented habitats. Few studies have investigated what habitat factors determine the probability that primates will occur in habitat fragments or effectiveness of specific conservation measures established to protect them. I analysed forest habitat and colobus population attributes to determine factors that influenced occurrence and abundance of the critically endangered Tana River red colobus in forest fragments in Kenya. The probability of colobus inhabiting forests was positively related to amount of habitat edge and tree species composition. Most of the variance in the density of colobus monkeys was explained by: basal area of food trees, basal area per food tree, density of food trees, and basal area per tree for all trees. Therefore effective primate conservation in fragmented habitats may require strategies that consider different factors that influence both the occurrence of a species and its abundance. To determine whether the Tana River Primate National Reserve is effective in conserving the Tana River red colobus, and by extension other species, I determined whether colobus population attributes or forest habitat attributes differed between inside and outside the reserve. I found no difference in colobus density or mean group size between forests inside and outside the reserve. Forests outside the reserve had significantly higher total basal area of trees, mean basal area per tree, and total basal area of stumps left by trees cut for human use. -
Influence of Plant and Soil Chemistry on Food Selection, Ranging Patterns, and Biomass of Colobus Guereza in Kakamega Forest, Ke
International Journal of Primatology, Vol. 28, No. 3, June 2007 (C 2007) DOI: 10.1007/s10764-006-9096-2 Influence of Plant and Soil Chemistry on Food Selection, Ranging Patterns, and Biomass of Colobus guereza in Kakamega Forest, Kenya Peter J. Fashing,1,2,3,7 Ellen S. Dierenfeld,4,5 and Christopher B. Mowry6 Received February 22, 2006; accepted May 26, 2006; Published Online May 24, 2007 Nutritional factors are among the most important influences on primate food choice. We examined the influence of macronutrients, minerals, and sec- ondary compounds on leaf choices by members of a foli-frugivorous popula- tion of eastern black-and-white colobus—or guerezas (Colobus guereza)— inhabiting the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Macronutrients exerted a complex influence on guereza leaf choice at Kakamega. At a broad level, protein con- tent was the primary factor determining whether or not guerezas consumed specific leaf items, with eaten leaves at or above a protein threshold of ca. 14% dry matter. However, a finer grade analysis considering the selection ra- tios of only items eaten revealed that fiber played a much greater role than protein in influencing the rates at which different items were eaten relative to their abundance in the forest. Most minerals did not appear to influence leaf choice, though guerezas did exhibit strong selectivity for leaves rich in zinc. Guerezas avoided most leaves high in secondary compounds, though their top food item (Prunus africana mature leaves) contained some of the high- est condensed tannin concentrations of any leaves in their diet. Kakamega 1Department of Science and Conservation, Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium, One Wild Place, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206. -
F I N a L CS1 31012007.Indd
MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 1 — DECEMBER 2006 PAGE 4 FLAGSHIPSPECIES Lemurs - Ambassadors for Madagascar Urs Thalmann I, II Anthropological Institute University Zurich-Irchel Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH–8057 Zurich, Switzerland Phone: +41 44 6354192 Fax: +41-44-635 68 04 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT animal order in Madagascar (8.1 genera/order) than on other In this short article on lemurs I give a concise introduction for continents. One order of Malagasy mammals, Bibymalagasia, is non-specialists to these conspicuous and unique animals on entirely restricted to Madagascar and went extinct only relative the island of Madagascar. recently (MacPhee 1994) along with artiodactyle pygmy hippos and other large vertebrates (Burney 2004). Within Malagasy INTRODUCTION mammals, the mammal order primates clearly stands out with Madagascar has long been known for its exquisite wildlife. It the endemic lemurs. The lemurs are the most diverse mammal has been identified as a Megadiversity country and “Hottest group on the generic level, and Madagascar is the only place Hotspot” for biodiversity conservation (Meyers et al. 2000 where primates genera are the dominant group overall. On a Mittermeier et al. 2005) due to the combination of extraordinary global scale primates rank 5th behind rodents, bats, carnivores, high diversity and extreme degree of threat. Lemurs, a natural and even - toed hoofed mammals. group of primates endemic to Madagascar, are possibly the most conspicuous and most widely known wildlife of Madagascar. In MADAGASCAR: A HOTSPOT FOR CONSERVATION this article, written for a non-specialist audience, I try to situ- A biodiversity hotspot is a region that contains at least 0.5 % ate these mammals in a wider context to shed light on (i) their (or 1,500) of the world’s 300,000 plant species as endemics and biological position and diversity, (ii) some biological pecularities, has lost 70 % or more of its primary vegetation. -
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy's Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy’s Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula PhD thesis Denise Spaan Supervisor: Filippo Aureli Co-supervisor: Gabriel Ramos-Fernández August 2017 Instituto de Neuroetología Universidad Veracruzana 1 For the spider monkeys of the Yucatan Peninsula, and all those dedicated to their conservation. 2 Acknowledgements This thesis turned into the biggest project I have ever attempted and it could not have been completed without the invaluable help and support of countless people and organizations. A huge thank you goes out to my supervisors Drs. Filippo Aureli and Gabriel Ramos- Fernández. Thank you for your guidance, friendship and encouragement, I have learnt so much and truly enjoyed this experience. This thesis would not have been possible without you and I am extremely proud of the results. Additionally, I would like to thank Filippo Aureli for all his help in organizing the logistics of field work. Your constant help and dedication to this project has been inspiring, and kept me pushing forward even when it was not always easy to do so, so thank you very much. I would like to thank Dr. Martha Bonilla for offering me an amazing estancia at the INECOL. Your kind words have encouraged and inspired me throughout the past three years, and have especially helped me to get through the last few months. Thank you! A big thank you to Drs. Colleen Schaffner and Jorge Morales Mavil for all your feedback and ideas over the past three years. Colleen, thank you for helping me to feel at home in Mexico and for all your support! I very much look forward to continue working with all of you in the future! I would like to thank the CONACYT for my PhD scholarship and the Instituto de Neuroetología for logistical, administrative and financial support. -
Tana+River+Red+Colobus.Pdf
Tana River Red Colobus Procolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879) Kenya (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008) David N. M. Mbora & Thomas M. Butynski Gallery forests found in the lower Tana River, which means that none of the habitat of the Tana Kenya, appear to be remnants of a previously River red colobus and Tana River mangabey is legally continuous forest that extended from Central Africa to protected. Furthermore, habitat loss outside the East Africa 25,000–30,000 years ago). The forests are TRPNR has been exacerbated by the failure of the Tana part of the East African Coastal Forests Biodiversity Delta Irrigation Project’s (TDIP) rice-growing scheme Hotspot and for this, and other reasons, are of great (under the administration of the Tana and Athi Rivers conservation value. In particular, they are the only Development Authority [TARDA], with financing habitat for two endemic primate species; Tana River from Japan International Cooperation Agency [JICA]) red colobus, Procolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879), to protect forest patches on their land. Now TARDA is and Tana River mangabey, Cercocebus galeritus Peters, in the process of expanding its activities in the region 1879. These two species inhabit the forests along a 60- by establishing a 110 km2 sugar cane plantation. In km stretch of the lower Tana River from Nkanjonja to addition, a further 500 km2 of land in and around the Mitapani (01°55’S, 40°05’E). All of these forests are delta are earmarked for the development of sugarcane small, ranging in size from <1 ha to c.500 ha. Six other plantations by Mat International Sugar Limited. -
AFRICAN PRIMATES the Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group
Volume 9 2014 ISSN 1093-8966 AFRICAN PRIMATES The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Editor-in-Chief: Janette Wallis PSG Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier PSG Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands Red List Authorities: Sanjay Molur, Christoph Schwitzer, and Liz Williamson African Primates The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group ISSN 1093-8966 African Primates Editorial Board IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Janette Wallis – Editor-in-Chief Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA Simon Bearder Vice Chair, Section on Great Apes:Liz Williamson Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Vice-Chair, Section on Small Apes: Benjamin M. Rawson R. Patrick Boundja Regional Vice-Chairs – Neotropics Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo; Univ of Mass, USA Mesoamerica: Liliana Cortés-Ortiz Thomas M. Butynski Andean Countries: Erwin Palacios and Eckhard W. Heymann Sustainability Centre Eastern Africa, Nanyuki, Kenya Brazil and the Guianas: M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Fabiano Rodrigues Phillip Cronje de Melo, and Maurício Talebi Jane Goodall Institute, Mpumalanga, South Africa Regional Vice Chairs – Africa Edem A. Eniang W. Scott McGraw, David N. M. Mbora, and Janette Wallis Biodiversity Preservation Center, Calabar, Nigeria Colin Groves Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer and Jonah Ratsimbazafy Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Michael A. Huffman Regional Vice Chairs – Asia Kyoto University, Inuyama,