WINTER 1996 Vol. 1, No. 1

The by Al Cox, AlA

The Alexandria regional trans- Union Station is portation. significant as However, with the most visible the recent remaining growth of example of the , dominant Union Station is passenger and now being freight trans- redeveloped as portation part of a multi- system in the modal transpor- city of Alexan- tation center to dria between Union Station, ca. 1906. showing the original west portico serve Alexan- 1851 and the historic photo courtesy William E. Griffm. Jr. dria for the next 1930s. century.

Unfortunately, physical evi- mobile manufacturing plants Transportation has played a dence of the railroad’s influ- and breweries up until the late central role in the growth and ence on the growth and devel- 1960s. development of Alexandria opment of Alexandria is since its inception. Located a rapidly disappearing. Al- Reasons for the railroads few miles below the falls of though the Wilkes Street decline are varied. Replace- the Potomac River, the city tunnel and Hooff s Run bridge ment of Alexandria’s industrial provided the northernmost port are protected, very soon none base with a service economy to access the rich interior of the railroad roundhouses or and the widespread use of farmlands of . The switching yards will remain to trucks, automobiles and Potomac River put Alexandria illustrate Alexandria’s 18th- airlines has radically altered in the mainstream of world 19th century history as North- local freight and passenger commerce and by the mid-18th ern Virginia’s industrial and transportation systems since century, Alexandria had transportation center. It is the mid-20th century. The become one of the most difficult to imagine today that opening of the George Wash- important seaports in the restored and protected ington Memorial Parkway in America. Hogsheads of historic district contained 1932 seemed to symbolize the tobacco came from nearby cement plants, fertilizer ware- demise of railroads as the most plantations over the “rolling houses, steel foundries, auto- important means of local and roads.” By the 177Os, wagons brought their loads of corn and means of maintaining the late 1840s Alexandria became ground wheat from the grist- economy of Alexandria. As a directly involved in five major mills along Great Hunting result, construction of a water- railroad construction projects. Creek, Four Mile Run and way connecting the Potomac The first project was to build a other more distant tributaries with the Ohio River was railroad linking Alexandria of the Potomac’s watershed. initiated as early as 1785. In with the West through the gap 1828, Alexandria invested in the mountains at Harpers At Alexandria these products heavily in the Chesapeake and Ferry, West Virginia. The were loaded on ships for Ohio (C&O) Company, a undercapitalized Alexandria export to the other colonies canal project jointly funded by and Harpers Ferry Railroad and foreign ports. In return the governments of the United company was chartered in trading ships from around the States, Maryland and Virginia. 1847 and reorganized as the globe discharged their cargoes Alexandria, Loudoun and at the Alexandria wharfs and However, by 1850, before the Hampshire in 1853 but the line by the end of the 18th century, canal could be completed as was only constructed as far as the city had become a regional far as Cumberland, Maryland, Leesburg by the outbreak of center of culture and com- a new, more efficient transpor- the Civil War. The same merce. The inclusion of tation system rendered it railroad was reorganized in Alexandria as part of the obsolete. The and 1870 as the Washington and District of Columbia, when the Ohio Railroad had been Ohio Railroad and in 1884 as Federal City was established in constructed to Cumberland the Washington, Ohio and 179 1, seemed to secure its much more quickly and at far Western Railroad. In 1911, it future. less expense. Although the was reorganized again as the canal was successfully oper- Washington and Old Domin- That position faded quickly in ated for several decades, the ion railway and was finally the 1800s. During the War of enormous maintenance costs abandoned in 1968. 18 12, Alexandria surrendered ultimately rendered it unprofit- to the British on August 29, able. The Alexandria Canal The second major railroad 1814 after the British had was abandoned in 1886. project linked Alexandria with previously burned Washington Gordonsville in the south by including the White House and way of the old Piedmont Stage U.S. Capitol. Subsequently, The Arrival of the Route through Orange and the city was forced to provide Railroads Culpeper, Virginia. The a ransom of cotton, grains, (Note: The following se43ion of this Orange and Alexandria Rail- tobacco and ships to the article is adapted in large part from road was chartered in 1848 British. These losses resulted the excellent book, One Hundred and completed from Alexan- in the decline of Alexandria as Years of History Along the RF&P dria to Manassas by 1851. a major seaport. Furthermore, Railroad, by William E. Griffin, Jr.) larger ships began to use the With the increasing loss of The third project was to open a deep water port in Baltimore. river traffic to steamboats, and line to the Shenandoah Valley inland trade to the railroad, of Virginia through Manassas Canals linking the city with Alexandria stood to lose Gap. The Manassas Gap the Ohio River and the newly everything to Baltimore, its Railroad line was constructed opened inland regions of the powerful commercial rival to from the Manassas Junction on continent were seen as a the north. Therefore, in the the Orange and Alexandria

2 line to Strasburg by 1854. At 1855 to extend from the north the Long Bridge and down the end of the Civil War, both end of the bridge to the B&O Henry Street to connect with the Orange and Alexandria and station in the District of Co- the Grange and Alexandria at Manassas Gap railroads lumbia but not to cross the Duke Street. In 1864, the required major reconstruction. Potomac River. Passengers reorganized railway became In 1867, these two lines were and freight were transported the Washington, Alexandria merged to form the Orange, across the river by omnibus and Georgetown Railroad. Alexandria and Manassas and wagon. Railroad, which In 1872 the later became a Pennsylvania part of the Railroad ac- Virginia Mid- quired the land and, ulti- Alexandria and mately, the Washington Southern Rail- Railroad and way. also created the Alexandria and In 1854, the Fredericksburg Virginia Gen- Railway to eral Assembly complete the chartered the line from Alex- Alexandria and andria south to Washington Quantico to join Railroad Com- with the Rich- pany (A&W) to mond, extend a rail line Fredericksburg from Alexandria and Potomac to Washington. (RF&P). The The railroad St. Asaph Street was authorized entrance to the to construct its city was aban- tracks from a doned in favor roundhouse and of the two car shed located acquired lines at the block running down Railroad Activities 1900-1905 Old Town Small Area Plan, p. 6 bounded by Fayette and Saint Asaph, Henry streets Pitt and Princess Streets, In 1856, the A&W established which merged north of the city thence north on Saint Asaph to a passenger depot in Alexan- at a place known as St. Asaph the Alexandria and Washing- dria at the southeast intersec- Junction. The passenger and ton Turnpike, thence north to tion of Saint Asaph and Prin- freight stations were located the south end of the old Long cess. The railroad was confis- on property bounded by Bridge, now the 14th Street cated by the Federal troops in Henry, Cameron, Fayette and bridge. Permission was 1861. Tracks were laid by the Queen Streets. At the south obtained from Congress in U.S. Military Railroad across end of the city, the tracks

3 joined those of the Virginia As a result, the Washington Midland railway at their Terminal Company was passenger station at the south- chartered in 1901 to build a west comer of Duke and Union Station for use by all Henry Streets and proceeded railroads in the District of southwest on separate tracks Columbia. The new Beaux running parallel to Duke Arts style Union Station in Street. Washington was opened in 1907. In addition, the Rich- In 1890 the two Alexandria mond-Washington Company lines were joined to create the was formed in 1901 by the Washington , Atlan- Company. In 1901 the Wash- tic Coast Line Railroad, ington Southern Railway was Southern Railway, Chesapeake obtained by the RF&P Rail- and Ohio Railway, Seaboard road. The two railroads were Air Line Railway and Balti- 1 CHAMBER OF COMhERCE 1 operated as one but with more and Ohio Railroad to Brochure cover from the 1920s separate accounts and reports handle traffic between Rich- until the Washington and mond and Washington. Their Alexandria Southern was officially primary task was to eliminate Union Station merged into the RF&P in the numerous freight yards in The Richmond-Washington 1920. the District and devise a Company’s 1901 plans also method to organize, classify called for double tracking the On the other side of the and exchange freight among Washington Southern Railroad Potomac River, at the turn of the six competing rail compa- and the construction of a new the twentieth century, south nies. An extensive new passenger station in Arlington Washington was a maze of facility known as Potomac County just west of railroads. The increase of rail Yard was opened on August 1, Alexandria’s city limits at that traffic and citizen agitation to 1906 between the then-north- time. These changes resulted remove grade crossings in the em city limits of Alexandria in a substantial relocation and District led to substantial and the Long Bridge. The consolidation of the existing changes in railroad operations original installation included tracks within Alexandria. The in the Washington/Alexandria roughly 450 acres, with 52 Henry Street was sold to area. During the same period, miles of track and a capacity the Southern Railway. The the City Beautiful movement for over 3,000 cars, reportedly Fayette Street track was was spawned by Daniel H. the largest classification yard retained for a time to access Bumham’s grandly ordered in the . In 1984, the old freight station. By plan for the 1893 World’s it covered 526 acres of land, 1907, the Washington South- Columbian Exposition in with 136 miles of track. The em Railway had constructed Chicago. Burnham and others rail structures in an entirely new double track were therefore enlisted by the were demolished in 1993 and line linking the RF&P termi- McMillan Park Commission in the corridor tracks are being nus in Quantico with the Long 1901 to revive and repair relocated in preparation for a Bridge at the Potomac River. L’Enfant’s original plan for new mixed-use development: the District. New iron bridges were con- transportation partnership of greatiy improved and is now structed over King Street and the Trans- one of the best pieces of Commonwealth Avenue in portation Commission roadway in this section of the 1903-4 and the Alexandria (NVTC) and PRTC, which state. A handsome stone Union Station, costing operates the Virginia Railway bridge is soon to be erected $62,020.55, was opened for Express (VRE), currently lease over Hooff s Run at the west- service on September 151905 both the east bound and west em extremity of King Street (Valuation Docket no. 372, p. bound platforms. which will connect the road 239)5. A new freight station, with this city. By the time the costing $25,086.11, was built Surrounding Area bridge is completed, King adjacent to the new passenger Because of its prominent Street from Peyton to Hooffs station on the east side of the location at the base of Shuter’s Run should be graded and tracks. The freight station was Hill at principal street intersec- shelled and then there would demolished in the early 1980s tions, the station has become be a fine driveway from this for construction of the present an important visual, as well as city for several miles into the Metro station. architectural, landmark for the country - the need for which city of Alexandria. It is has long been felt by all The station was operated as a immediately adjacent to the citizens. Then, too, an electric joint facility serving C&O, Rosemont National Register light could be erected near the Southern and RF&P trains Historic District to the north, bridge which will light the until the National Railroad the George Washington Ma- way to this city at night. Passenger Corporation sonic National Memorial to the These improvements would, it () took over these west with the Old and Historic is believed, add much to the routes in 1971. In 1991, the Alexandria National Register taxable values of property in CSX Corporation, the parent District and the Metro station that section.” (Alexandria company of the RF&P Rail- to the east. The building is Gazette : 8/8/l 890, hereafter way, split off its real estate immediately outside the AG) holdings in this area and the almost medieval city portal RF&P Corporation was formed by the railroad/Metro This area was not incorporated formed to manage and develop bridge which separates the into the Alexandria city limits the real estate, of which the dense 18th century urban form until 1915. Hooffs Run, Potomac Yard and of Old Town from the more immediately east of the sta- Alexandria’s Union Station are open and pastoral lawns of the tion, was polluted and fre- a part, while ownership of the station, the memorial, and the quently overflowed its banks. track is retained by the CSX. adjacent streetcar suburbs. Although it was buried in concrete conduits in the 192Os, At the present time, the station However, the area immedi- periodic flooding limited land and all of the property is ately sturounding Union uses here to warehouses and owned by the RF&P Corpora- Station has changed radically car sales lots through the tion. CSx/r Corporation since it was constructed in 1980s. Substantial improve- owns the right-of-way to the 1905. As late as 1890, the ments and commercial devel- rail tracks that run through the Alexandria Gazette reported opment occurred in this area site. Amtrak currently leases regarding King Street: “The following the opening of the the station buildings and the Leesburg road for two or three Metro station in 1983. west bound platform. The miles from this city has been

5 The most visually significant Turnpike (Route 1) and Com- road employees in-house. neighbor of the station is the monwealth Avenue to King Prints of the original construc- 333’ high George Washington Street, adjacent to Union tion drawings are stamped Masonic National Memorial Station. It then proceeded “Office of Chief Eng. M.W., across Callahan Drive to the down King to Royal Street and Pennsylvania Railroad, Phila- west. A Masonic memorial south to the Mount Vernon delphia, Pa, Original on File”. had been planned for this site estate. The rail line provided Copies of the prints are avail- in 1910 but was not dedicated convenient transportation for able at the City of Alexandria until 1932. (Rail - 0 - Gram. commuters into Alexandria Library, Lloyd House Archi- Jan.-Feb., 1968: 10-14) Sta- and D.C., provided farmers tectural Drawing collection. tion Drive (now Callahan access to markets and took Similar station designs by the Drive) was relocated toward tourists to the Mount Vernon Pennsylvania Railroad have the station in the 1940s when shrine. The trolley company been discovered in Chester, the grounds of the memorial went into receivership in 1923 Irwin and Duncannon, Penn- were regraded and terraced. when buses became the domi- sylvania as well as Elizabeth, nant form of local public New Jersey. The one story During the Civil War, the transportation. The last trolleys brick station consists of the Union army recognized the ran in Alexandria on January original main passenger depot strategic importance of 18, 1932. The tracks were and original baggage building, Shuter’s Hill and erected a fort removed in 1932 when some separated by a 20’ wide open on the site, named for Col. of the right-of-way was used breezeway passage and con- Elmer Ellsworth, the first for the George Washington nected by a 370 foot long officer killed in Alexandria Memorial Parkway. The right- shed-roofed loggia on the east during the conflict. The fort of-way in the median of side, adjacent to the tracks. dominated the landscape to the Commonwealth Avenue was Both buildings still serve their west of the station area. Union planted with trees. (AG: 2/22/ original function. camps dotted the hillside, and 55,2/25/55, g/2/76,9/24/92. an 1864 Matthew Brady Washington Post: 2/28/30, l/ The architectural significance photograph taken from the 18/32) of the station stems from the summit of Shuter’s Hill shows unusual use of the delicate an encampment in the vicinity Federal Revival style for its of what is now the Union design vocabulary. At the Station property. time, most depots were de- signed in bolder Victorian or North of the Union Station, the Beaux Arts styles reflecting streetcar suburbs of Del Ray the nature of grandly scaled and St. Elmo (platted in 1894) industrialized transport sys- and Rosemont (first house tems. The Federal Revival built in 1908) were developed style is an early 20th century along the Washington, Alexan- Architectural mixture of Neoclassical archi- dria & Mt. Vernon Electric Description tectural details borrowed from Railway. This trolley was The original designer is pres- buildings constructed just after chartered in 1892 to run from ently unknown and it is as- the American revolution and Washington, D.C. down the sumed that the station was is, therefore, particularly appropriate for Alexandria. Washington-Alexandria designed and drawn by rail- 6 .-:.

The distinguishing Federal Station Exterior and north sides of the station Revival architectural details Although numerous minor and on the east platform were used here include: load- alterations have occurred, both removed as part of the 1982 bearing masonry walls con- buildings have remained renovation and were not structed with brick laid in a essentially unchanged. A replaced4. Other exterior Flemish bond using dark pedestrian tunnel below the modifications include replace- headers, a low water table with tracks, connecting the east and ment of the slate roof and a molded cap and projecting west sides of the passenger copper ridge flashing with brick quoins at the comers. platform, is located at the black composition shingles Pedimented dormers are north end of the depot. A and replacement of the north framed with Tuscan pilasters, Railway Express Agency and west loggia’s concrete though the baggage building building, located south of the floor and wrought iron railing. uses eyebrow vents on each of baggage building, was erected Neo-colonial light fixtures the four roof slopes in a in 1943 and demolished in have replaced the original manner more typical of the 1982.3 Victorian cast iron pole lights. Victorian period. A brick chimney with recessed panels punctuates the north hip of the depot and a simple wood modillioned cornice crowns both buildings and the dor- mers.

The most impressive architec- tural features are the highly detailed semi-circular and elliptical brick arches with winged granite keystones and imposts surrounding the doors . and windows. The four principal entries to the depot consist of double door units flanked by windows with East Elevation ca. 1994 photo by author elliptical, spider web fanlights above. Rusticated granite A loggia, or portico, on the Interior accents are also used as comer west side was reconstructed in The interior spaces of the guards flanking the jambs of 1982 using the same form, station and baggage buildings baggage loading doors. The location and Tuscan style are slightly different from schist fieldstone foundation is wood columns as the original those shown on the original partially exposed as the site loggia but with glue laminated construction drawings dated slopes down to the north, beams and a stainless steel October 27, 1904. The origi- providing grade level access to standing seam roof in lieu of nal rooms were identified as the mechanical rooms in the the original 4x10 yellow pine follows: General Waiting half basement. joists and tin roof. The Room, Women’s Waiting original loggias on the west Room, White Women’s

7 Waiting Room, Men’s Toilet, newly combined lobby. The Site Alterations Colored Women’s Toilet, toilets were revised and relo- Although no photographs have White Women’s Toilet, Ticket cated. All renovation work yet been located of the original Office, Closet. The original was performed with masonry station interior, several exte- masonry interior partitions and millwork matching the rior photographs give some were 18’- 6” high with a 6’ original construction. The indication of improvements to high glazed brick wainscot and present black and white mo- the site. The earliest known an elaborate terra cotta cor- saic tile floor was also likely photograph of the station (see nice. The interior walls added at this time. below) was taken ca. 1906 stopped at the cornice to from the east platform facing expose a vaulted, varnished Other alterations to the interior north. The photo shows horse- wood ceiling and cased wood since the 1929 remodeling drawn hacks waiting at the scissor trusses, visible include: painting the interior front of the station and passen- throughout the space. Light masonry walls and original gers boarding from the cov- filled the rooms from above varnished oak woodwork, ered portico on the east plat- through the seven dormer installation of a flat plywood form. This portico was demol- windows. The original floor- ceiling on metal bar joists at ished in 1982 and replaced by ing material is not noted on the 18’ above the floor and air a contemporary portico in plans. conditioning equipment added 1993 to serve VRE passengers. in the original toilet room in The interior was substantially the southwest comer. Recent The most notable features of modified in 1929 (Alexandria wood frame partitions have this 1906 photograph are that Building Permit #603)’ to reduced the size of the original the trim and columns of the eliminate the separate waiting waiting rooms for additional station are painted a very light rooms. The ticket office was new toilets, vending and color with dark modillions on expanded at this time with a baggage storage. The Bag- the portico, that there is no square bay window for view- gage, Mail and Express rooms planting yet on the site and ing the approaching trains and in the baggage building are that the platform lights are a angled ticket windows into the still used for storage.

East Platform Looking North, ca. 1906 historic photo courtesy William E. Griffin, Jr. from 100 years along the RF&P, p. 120 Victorian shepherds crook The present Union Station site Railroad between Royal and head design on tall cast iron is bounded generally by King Lee Streets as part of their line poles. There is a four foot tall Street to the northeast, to connect the Potomac River wrought iron wicket fence Callahan Drive to the north- in Alexandria with separating the north and west and the tracks to the Gordonsville, Virginia. The southbound tracks. A brack- southeast. The site was origi- Smith Foundry was adjacent to eted shed roof (removed for nally much larger and ex- the tunnel on the banks of the construction of the REA tended beyond Callahan Drive Potomac River. building) covers the south on the northwest to Diagonal loading doors of the baggage Road on the southeast but The importance of the tunnel building. The platforms are large portions were sold to the increased in 1872 when the poured concrete. Finally, the Washington Memorial Asso- Baltimore & Ohio Railroad portico gable ends are en- ciation in 1922 and Metro in acquired the Grange & Alex- closed and the station sign, 1976. andria by merger. This “ALEXANDRIA,” is mounted company was denied access to on the frieze. A view of the The existing concrete, lime- the Long (14th Street) Bridge station from the northwest stone and granite Veterans of into the District because it was taken about the same time Foreign Wars memorial was owned by a competitor, the confirms the color scheme and erected on the lawn in front of Pennsylvania Railroad. The shows a gravel drive. the station in 19402. A World B&O Railroad, therefore, War I Renault tank was also operated a rail car ferry across Another photograph was taken installed on a concrete pad the Potomac River at this point a short time later, ca. 1910, adjacent to the memorial. between 1875 and 1906. The from the top of the earthen According to Amtrak officials, tunnel remained an active part berm above the west platform the tank was removed to a of the rail line to the water- looking north. By this time, VFW museum in Huntington, front until the tracks were landscape planting and new West Virginia in the early removedin 1975. (AG: 10/13/ wooden electrical poles have 1980s where it was restored to 75) The Southern Railway’s been added within the site. running condition. tracks were abandoned on Most significantly, the color of Union Street on November 26, the station has changed from 1969. (Star & AG: 1 l/26/69) the light, Neoclassical scheme Other Rail-Related to dark, more Victorian colors Structures In 1856, as part of this same for the columns and trim with line, the Orange and Alexan- Three other structures remain the portico modillions now dria also constructed a bridge within the present Alexandria painted a contrasting lighter over Hooff s Run just south of city limits from the earliest color. A photograph taken Duke Street. This grey sand- period of the railroads: the from the east platform in the stone structure is the last Wilkes Street tunnel, Hooff s 1940s shows the same color remaining of several bridges Run bridge and the Southern scheme. Microscopic paint constructed across Hooff s Railroad roundhouse. analysis done last year found Run, a small tributary of that all of the original exterior Hunting Creek. The Washing- The Wilkes Street Tunnel was finishes had, unfortunately, ton-southern Railroad (con- constructed from 1851-55 by. been completely removed trolled by the Pennsylvania the Orange and Alexandria during previous renovations. Railroad and the builder of

9 Alexandria’s Union Station) tion/restoration of the Station Proposed exterior improve- widened the bridge between under the federal Intermodal ments include repairing origi- 1885-95 using a red Seneca Surface Transportation Effi- nal windows, installing new sandstone. The tracks were ciency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). doors and replacing existing removed from the roadbed of The State subsequently ap- paving in the breezeway and the bridge in 1990 and the proved funding for 80% of the other pedestrian areas to structure was listed on the $840,000 grant budget, with provide easier access for National Register in 1993. 10% being provided by RF&P patrons with disabilities. The The bridge is a central feature and 10% by Amtrak. The City original portico, removed in of the Alexandria African of Alexandria Department of 1982, covered the front of the American Heritage Park, part Transportation and Environ- building and the stairway of the Carlyle mixed use mental Services will adminis- leading to the pedestrian development, a joint venture ter the project under the terms tunnel to the east platform for of the Carr and Norfolk- of the grant. the . Southern companies. This portico will be restored to The proposed scope of work provide weather protection for Finally, a concrete frame for the 1995/96 phase of the the building and to rail pa- roundhouse was constructed in project entails the complete trons. The brick and stone 1916 by the Southern Railway functional and aesthetic resto- walls will be cleaned and near Duke Street and Holland ration/renovation of the inte- repointed where necessary. Lane. This structure, now rior and exterior of the main used as a wholesale lumber building and glass enclosure of The site will be further en- yard, is slated to be demol- the breezeway to connect the hanced by additional native ished in the near future for the existing lobby with the adja- landscaping to screen service Carlyle project. cent storage building to the areas and historically appropri- south. Interior improvements ate site lighting. The high will include rehabilitation of tension overhead electrical 1996 Station Renovation the passenger and ticket sales lines are scheduled to be In 1992 the City of Alexandria areas and new restrooms in buried through the site in 1996 Department of Planning compliance with Americans as part of the development of nominated the ca. 1905 Alex- with Disabilities Act Guide- the Carlyle project, south of andria Union Station to the lines. All existing mechanical, Duke Street. Functional National Register of Historic electrical and plumbing sys- improvements will include Places, with the support of the tems within the building will new sidewalks with handicap property owners, the RF&P be replaced or completely ramps for pedestrians, as well Corporation. In August of that updated. Original architectural as separate automobile access year, following preliminary elements, such as glazed brick for patrons and taxis. The plans and cost estimates walls, mosaic tile floors, station will remain in opera- developed with the primary original furnishings and the tion throughout construction. station tenant, Amtrak, the wood cathedral ceiling - now City of Alexandria applied to covered by a flat plywood A second phase of the renova- the Virginia Department of ceiling on metal bar joists - tion project, financed by a Transportation on behalf of the will be restored to their origi- future grant, will include RF&P Corporation for en- nal appearance. additional operational im- hancement funds for renova- provements to the exterior of

10 the main building and con- 3. Permit #3499 was issued on [?I/ The Interstate Commerce Commis- struction of a new parking lot 15/43 to construct an “Express sion set the freight rates for railroads Office” for the Railway Express Co. in the early 20th century based on with up to 96 spaces on a The architect was C.J. Dye and the the value of the railroads assets. presently unimproved portion contractor was Allen C. Minnix of These records are often an excellent of the station site, located at 1416 F St. N.W., Washington, DC. source of plans and photographs of the south end along Callahan The building was to be 75’ long by rail properties. However, as the Drive near Duke Street. Phase 33’-71/2” deep, one story tall with no Washington & Southern track was basement. The solid brick walls less than 50 miles in length (32 mi.), two may also include platform were 9” thick and the Mansard [sic] all of the records of this railroad extensions to the north and roof was covered with composition prior to acquisition by the RF&P south, handicap access eleva- shingles. The estimated value was were destroyed by the I.C.C. in an tors and extension of the $13,000. The permit file contains six effort to reduce the amount of existing pedestrian tunnel to sheets of detailed construction records in storage in the 1950s. connect with the adjacent drawings. Metro station. Demolition Permit #1570 was issued RESOURCES on 4/X/82 to demolish “the Railway Amtrak, Office of the Chief Engi- The station, therefore, contin- Express Agency (REA) Building”. neer. Station Conditions and ues to serve Alexandria for The file includes several letters between the City of Alexandria Code Alternatives. 198 1. both long distance and com- Enforcement Bureau and the RF&P muter rail travelers and is an Railroad Co. regarding the danger- Chapman, Sherrie, curator. AN important intermodal facility ous condition of the existing REA Aboard! Traveling the Rails in Style. building and east platform passenger Exhibit at the Lyceum featuring the with the adjacent bus and rapid collection of James Bistline. 1994. rail stops at the King Street shed. The value of the demolition contract was $22,500. Metro station. Cox, Al. An Analysis of the Alexan- 4. Permit #37972 was issued on 51 dria Union Station 1994195. City of 24J82 for “Modification to existing Alexandria, 1995. ENDNOTES building as per plans”. Ten sheets of detailed construction drawings are Escherich, Susan. Town of Potomac 1. Permit #603 was issued on 9/24/ National Register Nomination, 1991. 1929 at the Alexandria Passenger included in the microfiche file. The Station RF&PRR for “Changing architect was Robert Ovelman of the Chief Engineer’s office at Amtrak. Griffin, William E., Jr. One Hun- location of toilets and alterations in dred Fiftv Years of History: Along ticket office. Putting down a new The contractor was J.S.C., Inc., 2934 Patrick Henry Drive, Falls Church, the Richmond Fredericksburg and floor”. The architect was listed as Potomac Railroad. Richmond C-E. Dare, 17 Rosemont Ave., Va. The work was valued at $235,000. Fredericksburg and Potomac Alexandria, Va. and the mechanic as Railroad Company. Richmond, J.E. Deutr Forresman, Carpenter. 5. The valuation hearing records 1984. This book includes an earlier The estimated value of the improve- published article: “Along the RF&P ments was $5.000. from the RF&P files of May 1.1925 indicate that J. P. Pettyjohn was paid - Alexandria, Virginia”, Rail-O- Gram, March 1983: 1 l-22. 2. Permit #[?I730 was issued on lO/ $27.911.23 for “Contract & Extras” 17/40 to erect a “Concrete, Lime- as general contractor (?) for con- struction of the passenger station. Klock, Lowell and Lillian Wright. stone, Granite” “Memorial” by the Rosemont: an Update. Unpublished Veterans-Foreign Wars. The Pettyjohn is not listed as a resident or contractor in the 1903 or 1907 manuscript. Alexandria Library, architect and builder was D.E. Lloyd House. Bayliss of 5 18 King Street, Alexan- Alexandria City Directories. Pettyjohn also received $11,620 for dria, Va The estimated value of the Lloyd House: Historical Archives for improvements was $2,000. “Contract” for construction of the adjacent Alexandria Freight Station the Alexandria Public Library, 220 in 1905. North Washington Street, Alexan- dria, VA 22314. (703) 8384577.

11 Office of Historic Alexandria NONPROFIT ORG. P.O. Box 178, City Hall U.S. POSTAGE PAID Alexandria, Virginia 223 13 ALEXANDRIA, VA (703) 838-4554 PERMIT. NO. 5506

Resources, cont.

Mackintosh, Barry. Mount Vernon Miller, T. Michael. “The Saga of Rosemont Historic District National Memorial Highway National Shuter’s Hill”. The Historical Register Nomination Register Nomination, 1981. Society of Fair@ County, Virginia, Vol. 18.1982, p.75. Valuation Case Files. Docket Nos. Macoll, John D. and George 372 and 393 of the Interstate Stanstield, eds. Alexandria: A Mordecai. John B. A Brief History Commerce Commission hearings on Towne in Transition, 1800-1900. of the RF&P, Unpublished manu- the RF&P and Washington Southern Transportation chapter by Ames W. script. 1940. Railway, 1916-1927. National Williams. Alexandria Bicentennial Archives, College Park, Maryland. Corporation & Alexandria Historical Prince, Richard E. The Richmond Society. Alexandria, 1977. Washington Line, published by the Walker, Mark and Marilyn Harper. author, 1973. Potomac Yard Inventory of Cultural Massey, James C. and Jere Gibber. Resources. Engineering Science, Orange & Alexandria Railroad Inc. Washington, D.C., 1989. Hooffs Run Bridge National Register Nomination, 1993. The Wilkinson, Joyce E. “The Early Historic Alexandria Quarterly Orange and Alexandria Railroad Miller, T. Michael. A Brief Inquiry is published by the Office of 1849-1954.” Pioneer America: The into the History of Upper King Journal of the Pioneer America Historic Alexandria. Sweet. Manuscript on file at the Society. Vol. 1, NO. 2 (July, 1969) Alexandria Library, Lloyd House, 0 Copyright 1996 1990. Director: Jean Taylor Federicb Editor: T. Michael Miller