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Study of the Distribution of Gastropods in Coastal Conservation Area Pariaman City

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Study of the Distribution of Gastropods in Coastal Conservation Area Pariaman City Study of the Distribution of Gastropods in Coastal Conservation Area Pariaman City Province West Sumatera By Deddy B.M1), Dr. Ir. Afrizal Tanjung, M.Sc2), Ir. H. Elizal, M.Sc2) ABSTRACT Coastal waters Pariaman conservation area is one of the coastal areas inhabited by other marine organisms, one of which is a gastropod. This area also did turtle breeding. The research was conducted in May 2013 in the coastal town conservation area west Sumatran province pariaman. The study is titled study of the distribution of gastropods in coastal conservation area pariaman city. The method used in this study is a survey method. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of gastropods. Based on the results of this research found that 13 species of gastropods, Cerithidea quadrata, Drupa morum, Littrorina undulate, Marmarostoma joblensis, Marmarostoma ticaonicus, Lineate Natica, Nerita costata, Nerita undata, Planaxis sulcatus, Terebralia sulcata, Torinia variegate, Turbo Chrysostom, Vasum ceramicum. In this study, the results obtained are clustered spreading, this is because Id> 1. Keyword: Gastropod, Distribution, Pariaman City 1). Student of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Riau 2). Lecturer of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Riau Alat yang digunakan ialah alat tulis, kamera, tali rafia sebagai petakan kuadran, meteran, sekop, Pendahuluan saringan kawat mesh size 1mm, ember, kayu Wilayah pesisir Indonesia mempunyai pancang, kantong plastik. Pengukuran kualitas berbagai ekosistem, seperti hutan mangrove, perairan dengan menggunakan thermometer untuk mengukur suhu perairan, kertas universal rawa payau, padang lamun, rumput laut, dan untuk mengukur pH air, hand refractometer terumbu karang serta gastropoda. Ekosistem tersebut diatas berperan sebagai penyedia untuk mengukur salinitas dan sechi disk untuk berbagai sumber daya alam dan sebagai sistem mengukur kecerahan. penyangga kehidupan. Diantara komponen Metode yang digunakan dalam ekosistem di wilayah pesisir yang belum banyak penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Untuk di kenal dan diperhatikan adalah gastropoda. menghitung sebaran dilakukan dengan Gastropoda merupakan kelompok menggunakan transek dan petakan kuadran untuk pengambilan data pada titik stasiun yang hewan filum Moluska. Nama Gastropoda berasal ditentukan. Transek dipasang secara tegak lurus dari bahasa Latin gaster yang berarti perut dan podos yang berarti kaki di perut, jadi Gastropoda terhadap bibir pantai di sepanjang garis pantai merupakan kelompok hewan invertebra, dan petakan kuadran dipasang sepanjang garis transek. Dan cara pengambilan sampel bertubuh lunak, yang berjalan dengan perut Gastropoda dilakukan dengan cara mengamati sebagai alat gerak atau kakinya. Hewan ini memiliki ciri khas morfologi berkaki lebar dan permukaaan pantai. pipih pada bagian ventral tubuhnya. Gastropoda Daerah pengamatan ditentukan secara bergerak lambat menggunakan kakinya. Hewan purposive sampling yaitu penentuan stasiun ini memiliki bagian kepala yang jelas yang dengan memilih daerah yang mewakili lokasi dilengkapi dengan tentakel dan kepala. pengamatan. Lokasi penelitian terdiri atas 3 Gastropoda merupakan kelompok terbesar dari stasiun, 1 stasiun terdiri dari 3 petakan yang filum Moluska, dimana lebih dari 40.000 spesies berukuran 1m x 1m dengan jarak antar petakan 5 yang hidup (Campbell, 2000 meter. Gastropoda merupakan kelas yang a). Stasiun 1 terletak pada kawasan mangrove paling dapat dengan mudah beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan dibandingkan dengan kelas- b) Stasiun 2 terletak pada kawasan pantai kelas lainnya dari filum Moluska, sehingga dengan tipe substrat berbatu Gastropoda ini dapat ditemukan di berbagai tempat mulai dari daratan, air tawar, daerah c). Stasiun 3 terletak pada kawasan pantai berpasir, laut, daerah payau, bahkan di daerah dengan tipe substrat berpasir estuaria namun sebarannya belum dapat Pengambilan sampel gastropoda dilakukan pada dinyatakan dengan jelas. saat surut terendah dengan menggunakan transek Metodologi yang sudah dibagi tiga zona tersebut dengan 3 petakan berukuran 1m x 1m yang sejajar dengan Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan garis pantai pada setiap stasiun. Setiap Mei 2013 yang berlokasi di daerah pantai gastropoda yang terdapat diatas permukaan tiap konservasi Pariaman provinsi Sumatera Barat. petakan diambil dengan menggunakan metode hand colecting. Sampel gastropoda yang dipungut dimasukkan kedalam kantong plastik Jumlah individu suatu jenis yang diberi formalin 10% dan diberi label zona Luas seluruh petakan dan titik sampling. Kemudian sampel gastropoda Untuk kelimpahan relatif Gastropoda, maka dibawa ke laboratorium dan diamati untuk di individu dari setiap stasiun pengamatan di identifikasi. tabulasikan, kemudian masing-masing dijumlahkan dengan seluruh individu yang Untuk mengukur suhu air digunakan didapat di lapangan. Perhitungan dilakukan thermometer yang dicelupkan ke dalam perairan menurut English et al., (1994) dengan rumus: untuk beberapa saat, kemudian diangkat. Selanjutnya dicatat angka yang telah ditunjuk oleh garis merah. Pengukuran salinitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan hand refractometer yang telah dikalibrasi terlebih dahulu dengan aquades. Air sampel yang Pola sebaran gastropoda dihitung menggunakan diamati diambil langsung dari perairan dengan indeks penyebaran Morisita (Elliot, 1977) yaitu: menggunakan pipet tetes kemudian diteteskan pada kaca media yang terdapat pada hand refractometer. Kemudian dicatat angka yang ditunjukkan pada alat tersebut dengan satuan Dimana : permil (‰). Id : Indeks Penyebaran Morisita Sedangkan kecerahan perairan diukur N : Jumlah total individu dengan menggunakan secchi disk, dengan memasukkan alat tersebut kedalam perairan n : Jumlah Petakan sampai tidak terlihat lagi oleh kasat mata ( jarak hilang) dan catat berapa jaraknya. Selanjutnya : Penjumlahan kuadrat individu secchi disk tersebut ditarik secara perlahan petakan ke-i hingga terlihat kembali (jarak tampak) dan Hasil Indeks Morisita dikelompokkan dicatat jaraknya. Nilai kecerahan (dalam cm) menjadi tiga kategori. Apabila nilai Id < 1 maka diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus. penyebaran bersifat merata, apabila nilai Id = 1 Pengukuran pH perairan dilakukan maka penyebaran bersifat acak dan apabila nilai dengan cara mencelupkan kertas pH indikator Id > 1 maka penyebaran bersifat mengelompok. universal ke permukaan air. Kemudian dilihat perubahan warnayang terjadi dan dicocokkan dengan warna yang tedapat pada kertas pH Hasil dan Pembahasan indikator universal tersebut. Pengukuran kualitas perairan di kawasan Kelimpahan Gastropoda dihitung berdasarkan konservasi pantai Kota Pariaman dengan jumlah individu persatuan luas English et al., parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1994) dengan rumus: salinitas, suhu, pH perairan. Kelimpahan (ind/m2) : Parameter Kualitas Perairan Stasiun I Stasiun II Stasiun III Salinitas (‰) 34 34 34 Hasil pengukuran kualitas perairan pada masing-masing stasiun diperoleh data yang tidak pH Air 7,7 7,8 8,2 jauh berbeda antara stasiun satu dengan stasiun Suhu (°C) 30,1 30 29,9 dua dan tiga, data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran parameter perairan merupakan data yang mendukung untuk kehidupan gastropoda. 6 Jumlah kelimpahan individu gastropoda 5 4 yang dijumpai pada stasiun 1 memiliki 3 perbedaan. D. morum merupakan gastropoda 2 1 kelimpahan stasiun yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan nilai 0 1 kelimpahan 5,66 ind/m2, sedangkan T. sulcata Kelimpahan Ind/m turbo… drupa… nerita… nerita… merupakan gastropoda yang paling sedikit nilai natica… vasum… torinia… littrorina… kelimpahannya yaitu 1 ind/m2. Nilai kelimpahan terebralia… cerithidea… marmaros… marmaros… individu dapat dilihat pada gambar Gambar 2. Kelimpahan gastropoda pada stasiun I 2 (disamping). Jumlah kelimpahan individu gastropoda 8 yang dijumpai pada stasiun 2 memiliki 6 perbedaan. D. morum dan V. ceramicum 4 merupakan gastropoda yang paling banyak 2 kelimpahan ditemukan dengan nilai kelimpahan 6 ind/m2, 0 stasiun 2 sedangkan T. sulcata dan N. undata merupakan gastropoda yang paling sedikit nilai Kelimpahan Ind/m kelimpahannya yaitu 2,33 ind/m2. Nilai kelimpahan individu dapat dilihat pada Gambar Gambar 3. Kelimpahan gastropoda pada stasiun II 3 (disamping). Jumlah kelimpahan individu gastropoda 6 yang dijumpai pada stasiun 3 memiliki 5 4 perbedaan. Spesies L. undulata dan N. costata 3 merupakan gastropoda yang paling banyak 2 1 kelimpahan ditemukan dengan nilai kelimpahan 5,33 0 stasiun 3 ind/m2, sedangkan spesies M. ticaounicus Kelimpahan ind/m turbo… drupa… nerita… nerita… merupakan gastropoda yang paling sedikit nilai natica… vasum… torinia… kelimpahannya yaitu 1 ind/m2. Nilai kelimpahan littrorina… terebralia… cerithidea… marmarost… individu dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4 marmarost… (disamping). Gambar 4. Kelimpahan Gastropoda pada stasiun III Total jumlah keseluruhan kelimpahan 1.026 individu pada seluruh stasiun memiliki kisaratan 1.024 rata-rata 42,66 – 51,33 ind/m2. Total jumlah 1.022 keseluruhan kelimpahan tertinggi didapat pada 1.02 stasiun II dengan kisaran 51,33 ind/m2 dan 1.018 1.016 terendah terletak pada stasiun I dengan kisaran 1.014 Id 42,66 ind/m2. Total jumlah keseluruhan 1.012 kelimpahan individu pada seluruh stasiun dapat 1.01 dilihat pada Gambar 5. 1.008 1.006 60 kelimpahan 1.004 stasiun I stasiun II stasiun III 50 40 Gambar 6. Perbandingan nilai sebaran gastropoda pada lokasi penelitian 30 20 Nilai kelimpahan relatif, dapat Individu/m 10 menggambarkan kondisi dan kesuburan suatu 0 perairan. Nilai kelimpahan
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