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Part 5. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 5. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae R. Houart Houart, R. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 5. Mollusca, Gas• tropoda, Muricidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (26), xx.xii.1996: 377-397, figs. 1-34.— ISSN 0024-0672. Roland Houart, research associate, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier, 29, B-1000 Bruxelles. Key words: Rumphius expedition; Indonesia; Ambon; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Muricidae. This report deals with the species of Muricidae collected during the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedi• tion on Ambon. At 44 stations, a total of 58 species in 23 genera of the prosobranch gastropod family Muricidae were obtained. The identity and the classification of several nominal taxa is revised. Four species are new to science and are described here: Pygmaepterys cracentis spec. nov. (Muricopsinae), Pascula ambonensis spec. nov. (Ergalataxinae), Thais hadrolineae spec. nov. and Morula rumphiusi spec, nov. (Rapaninae). Some comments are included on the Muricidae described by Rumphius and on their identification. In his "Amboinsche Rariteitkamer" (1705) 21 species of muricids were included, of which 16 were illu• strated by Rumphius or Schijnvoet. The identity of those species is determined. During the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition seven of these species have been refound. Introduction The Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition in Ambon (Moluccas, Indonesia) was held from 4 November till 14 December, 1990. The primary goal of the expedition was to collect marine invertebrates on the localities mentioned by Rumphius (1705). The general account, with a list of stations, was published by Strack (1993); it con• tains the history of the expedition and a detailed description of each station, with photographs. The family Muricidae is represented in the samples with 58 species, all of which collected in the shallow-water coastal areas around the island. Fourteen species, one of which an unidentified Aspella, belong to the Muricinae. Three species, one of which new, belong to the Muricopsinae. Fourteen species, one of which new, belong to the Ergalataxinae. The other 27 species, two of which new, belong to the Rapaninae. 378 Houart. Muricidae from Ambon. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (1996) Unless stated otherwise, the material is stored in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (Leiden). Material and Methods Each species' name is followed by (1) a reference to Rumphius if it was illustrat• ed in his book, (2) the list of material examined (the station number, and, between parenthesis, the number of collected specimens), and (3) sometimes remarks. For additional information about the localities, see Strack (1993). Abbreviations: AMS = Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia ANSP = Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA IRSNB = Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique MHNG = Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland MNHN = Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France NM = Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa NMNZ = Museum of New Zealand, Wellington NMR = Natuurmuseum, Rotterdam, The Netherlands RMNH = Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands ZMA = Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam The Muricidae of Rumphius' Amboinsche Rariteitkamer At least 16 species of Muricidae from Ambon were illustrated by Rumphius and Schijnvoet (1705: pis 24, 26, 27). Some of his illustrations are almost unrecognizable, however, and may even belong to other families. Schijnvoet (the editor of the "Amboinsche Rariteitkamer") at least added two species which do not belong to the molluscan fauna of Ambon, viz. Bolinus brandaris from the Mediterranean Sea and B. cornutus from West Africa. Plate 24 Fig. C. Probably Drupa rubusidaeus (Roding, 1798). Several specimens were col• lected. Lamarck (1822: 238) erroneously refers to it for Purpura hippocastanum Linne [= Thais aculeata (Deshayes, 1844)]. Fig. D. Perhaps Thais muricina (Blainville, 1832), of which numerous specimens were collected. The figure is almost unrecognizable, however. It was used to illus• trate Purpura lagenaria Lamarck, 1822, the type of which is in the MHNG; that species clearly belongs to the Buccinidae. Martens (1902) tentatively identified Rumphius' figure as Purpura javanica, a species with a much more angulate shell. Fig. E. Drupa ricinus (Linne, 1758). More than 100 specimens were collected. Rumphius (1705: 82) also mentioned a smaller, brown species with a wide aperture, which Martens (1902:116) identified as "R. digitata var. lobata Blainv", actually Drupa (Drupina) lobata (Blainville, 1832). The species was not recorded during the Expedi• tion so that Martens' identification remains doubtful. Fig. 5 (added by Schijnvoet). Probably Mancinella alouina (Roding, 1798). Several Houart. Muricidae from Ambon. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (1996) 379 specimens were collected. Linne (1758: 751) refers to it for his Murex mancinella, a rejected name (Opinion 911). Lamarck (1822: 238, 239) refers to it, both for Purpura haemastoma and for Purpura mancinella. Fig. 6 (added by Schijnvoet). Perhaps Thais aculeata (Roding, 1798) or T. bitubercu- laris (Lamarck, 1822), but it is very doubtful. Plate 26 Fig. A. Chicoreus ramosus (Linne, 1758). Three specimens were collected. Linne (1758: 747) refers to this figure in his description. Rumphius (1705: 85) also mentio• ned a smaller species with whiter shell and five rows of spines. It is probably Hexa- plex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) also mentioned by Martens (1907:116) (see below). Fig. C. Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807). Many specimens were collected. Linne (1758: 747) refers to this figure for his Murex saxatilis. Rumphius described 4 varia• tions: 1 "The grey, oblong, rough, wrinkled one, grey with three rows of blunt spi• nes"; 2. "The black one, not longer as a small finger, with three rows of black and sharp spines, almost the whole shell is black as if it was burned, but inasmuch that one sees white furrows in between"; 3. "The brown one, of same size but with longer spines and of a dark brown colour"; 4. "The pale one is pale yellow or dirty white, with a broad lip at the aperture, also a broad tail with blunt spines". "The second one is common but the other ones are rarely found". Without illustrations it is impossible to verify if these forms belong to different species, or if all or part of them are varia• tions of C. brunneus. Martens (1902) identified the illustrated shell as Murex adustus Lamarck, a synonym of C. brunneus. Fig. D. Homalocantha scorpio (Linne, 1758). This species was not recorded during the expedition, but it probably occurs in Ambon. Linne (1758: 747) refers to this fig• ure in his description. Fig. F. Haustellum haustellum (Linne, 1758). This species was not collected during the expedition, but it is certainly present in Ambon. Linne (1758: 746) refers to this figure. Fig. G. Murex tribulus Linne, 1758. This species was not collected during the expedition, but it occurs in Ambon. Linne (1758: 746) refers to this figure. Lamarck (1822: 157) refers to it in his description of M. crassispina, a synonym of M. scolopax (Dillwyn, 1817); this species is recorded from the Red Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf (Ponder & Vokes, 1988: 49), but not from Indonesia. Martens (1902) identified this figure as possibly Murex martinianus Reeve (= M. trapa Roding, 1798), but M. trapa has fewer spines on the siphonal canal. Fig. 1 (added by Schijnvoet). Chicoreus axicornis (Lamarck, 1822). The species was not collected during the expedition but does occur in Ambon. Lamarck (1822: 163) refers to this figure. Fig. 2 (added by Schijnvoet). Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791). The species was not collected during the expedition, but it probably occurs in Ambon. It is already known from Kai Besar and the Aru Islands (coll. R. Houart). Linne (1758: 747) refers to this figure (and to figure C) for Murex saxatilis. Fig. 3 (added by Schijnvoet). Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786 (with a reference to Rumphius). The species was not collected during the expedition, but it is certainly present in Ambon. The identification as M. tenuispina Lamarck, 1822, a junior syno- 380 Houart. Muricidae from Ambon. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (1996) nym of M. pecten, by Martens (1902) is correct. The illustration was added by Schijn• voet but the species was described by Rumphius (1705: 86). Fig. 4 (added by Schijnvoet). Bolinus brandaris (Linne, 1758). A Mediterranean species. Fig. 5 (added by Schijnvoet). Bolinus cornutus (Linne, 1758). A West African species. Plate 27 Fig. E. Purpura persica (Linne, 1758). The species was not collected during the expe• dition, but it probably occurs in Ambon. Linne (1758: 738) refers to Rumphius. P. rudol- phi Lamarck, 1822 cited by Martens (1902:117) is, at my opinion, a synonym of P. persica. Muricidae collected by the Expedition (1990) MURICIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 MURICINAE Rafinesque, 1815 Murex (Murex) tenuisrostrum Lamarck, 1822 Material.—Stn 04(1). Remarks.— Murex tenuirostrum is a rather common species in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The species was not illustrated by Rumphius. The presence of Murex tenuiros• trum in the Island of Ambon is mentioned by Ponder & Vokes (1988). Chicoreus (Chicoreus) ramosus (Linne, 1758) Rumphius, 1705: pi. 26, fig. A. Material.— Stn 01 (1), 16 (1), 31 (1). Chicoreus (Rhizophorimurex) capucinus (Lamarck, 1822) Material.— Stn 14 (33). Chicoreus (Triplex) brunneus (Link, 1807) Rumphius, 1705: pi. 26, fig. C. Material.— Stn 01 (6), 03 (4), 04 (19), 05 (3), 16 (1), 17 (8), 18 (3), 20 (7), 21 (18), 35 (12), 36 (2), 37 (2), 39 (1). Chicoreus (Triplex) microphyllus (Lamarck, 1822) Material.—Stn 17(1). Remarks.— Chicoreus microphyllus was not reported by Rumphius, but the geo• graphical distribution of the species (Houart, 1992: fig. 164) includes the Island of Ambon. Houart. Muricidae from Ambon. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (1996) 381 Chicoreus (Triplex) paini Houart, 1983 Material—Stn 20 (1). Remarks.— Ambon is a new record for the species, which was originally described from the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Chicoreus (Triplex) palmarosae (Lamarck, 1822) Material— Stn S4 (1). Chicoreus (Triplex) saulii (Sowerby, 1841) Material— Saparua, Booi, december 1990 (1).
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