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Aspectos Reproductivos De Chicoreus Brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822

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Aspectos Reproductivos De Chicoreus Brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822 Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras ISSN: 1659-455X [email protected] Universidad Nacional Costa Rica Maldonado, Ana G.; Crescini, Roberta; Villalba, William; Fuentes, Yuruani Aspectos reproductivos de Chicoreus brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) de la laguna de La Restinga, isla de Margarita, Venezuela Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, vol. 8, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2016, pp. 41-50 Universidad Nacional Heredia, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=633766724003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Aspectos reproductivos de Chicoreus brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) de la laguna de La Restinga, isla de Margarita, Venezuela Reproductive aspects of Chicoreus brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) from La Restinga lagoon, Margarita Island, Venezuela Ana G. Maldonado1*, Roberta Crescini1, William Villalba1 y Yuruani Fuentes1 RESUMEN Chicoreus brevifrons se caracteriza por ser carnívoro y necrófago, relativamente abundante en las costas venezolanas donde reviste importancia económica y ecológica por ser una especie depreda- dora de ostras y otros moluscos en cultivos y ambientes marinos. El presente trabajo tuvo la fina- lidad de analizar algunos aspectos reproductivos de la especie en la laguna de La Restinga, isla de Margarita, Venezuela, en cuatro estaciones de esta, desde la zona más interna a la zona más externa. Se recolectaron muestras mensualmente para determinar la proporción por sexos; además, fueron extraídas del medio algunas posturas para su descripción y la observación del crecimiento inicial de la especie. C. brevifrons se caracteriza por ser un organismo dioico, claramente diferenciable por la presencia de pene en los machos y de vagina y cápsula de la albúmina en las hembras. La propor- ción sexual general no se alejó de la relación 1:1, a pesar de que algunos meses las hembras predo- minaron sobre los machos. La postura de C. brevifrons es de tipo racimo, con 65 a 165 pequeñas cápsulas de color blanco a la puesta. Mientras los organismos se desarrollan intracapsularmente, estos se observan de color marrón al momento de la eclosión, la cual se efectúa a partir de los 45-50 días desde la puesta. Las tallas iniciales estuvieron entre 1.60 mm y 2.56 mm de LT. Se recomienda continuar los estudios poblacionales y biológicos de esta especie que permitan conocer más acerca de su etología, importancia comercial y cuánto influyen sobre los cultivos de otros moluscos. Palabras claves: Mollusca, gasterópodos, proporción sexual, eclosión, crecimiento. ABSTRACT Chicoreus brevifrons is characterized by being carnivorous, necrophagous, and relatively abundant in Venezuelan coasts, where it has an economic and ecological importance since it preys on oysters and other mollusks in marine environments and culture systems. This study aims at analyzing some reproductive aspects of the species in La Restinga lagoon, Margarita Island, Venezuela, at four stations from inside to outside of this lagoon. Samples were taken monthly and were used to determine sex ratio; in addition, some eggs were also taken from the site, for description and observation of initial growth of the species. C. brevifrons is characterized for being dioecious, clearly distinguishable for the presence of a penis in males and a vagina and albumin capsule in 1 Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, isla de Margarita, Venezuela. anagabrielamaldona- [email protected]*; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recibido: 11 de marzo de 2015 Corregido: 29 de junio de 2015 Aceptado: 22 de noviembre de 2015 Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No-Comercial DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/revmar.8-1.3 SinDerivadas 3.0 Costa Rica. Rev. Mar. Cost. ISSN 1659-455X. Vol. 8 (1): 41-50, Enero-Junio 2016. 41 Maldonado, Crescini, Villalba y Fuentes females. In general, sex ratio was 1:1, although females were more abundant than males during some months. Eggs from C. brevifrons are cluster-like, with 65 to 165 small white capsules. While the organisms develop inside the capsules, they are brown upon spawning, which takes place 45-50 days after they are laid. Initial sizes were between 1.60 mm and 2.56 mm of TL. Further biological and populations studies of this species are recommended in order to know more about its ethology, commercial importance and how they affect mollusk cultures. Keywords: Mollusca, gastropods, sexual proportion, spawning, growth. INTRODUCCIÓN permiten su amplia distribución y En las costas orientales de disponen del alimento necesario. Venezuela Chicoreus brevifrons es Los factores que determinan el conocido vulgarmente como chirigua, comportamiento reproductivo para chivato o arrechón (Itriago, 1977) y especies de moluscos son de variada se caracteriza por poseer una concha naturaleza, por ello es importante la grande (de aproximadamente 200 realización de muestreos que permitan mm de Lt), ahusada, de espiral alta; la recolección de información para columnela lisa; labio externo sinuoso desarrollar estudios biológicos y dentellado; canal sifonal oblicuo, (Tresierra & Culquichicón, 1993; bordeado por espinas, algo curvado Baqueiro & Aldana, 2003). hacia el dorso; várices robustas, con Muchas especies de la familia espinas foliadas y gruesas (Marval, Muricidae son de importancia 1981; Nieto-Bernal et al. 2011). Puede comercial, siendo explotadas por los presentar una gran variación en su pescadores con fines de consumo y coloración y en el desarrollo de los para uso artesanal de la concha. El procesos espinosos, en función de las estudio de la eclosión, cápsulas de diferentes condiciones del medio en el huevos y embriones de gasterópodos que habita (Díaz & Puyana, 1994). es importante no solo para conocer La alta disponibilidad trófica en las la biología reproductiva en general, áreas de manglar Rhizophora mangle sino también por sus implicaciones (mangle rojo) constituye un buen para la dispersión, la biogeografía y la sustrato para los organismos sésiles taxonomía (Mostafa et al. 2013). En (Prüsmann & Palacio, 2008), brinda Venezuela se han desarrollado diversas protección a las larvas y juveniles de investigaciones sobre C. brevifrons, numerosas especies de invertebrados entre las que se pueden señalar el trabajo como el C. brevifrons (Quinceno & de Itriago (1977) quien efectuó un Palacio, 2008), lo que hace de estas estudio citogenético y anatómico de la áreas de aguas someras su hábitat especie; Marval (1981) realizó estudios (Marval, 1981; D´Armas et al. 2009). comparativos del tracto digestivo y Estos hábitats naturales facilitan el contribuyó a la biología de C. brevifrons crecimiento y desarrollo de la especie, y Chicoreus pomun; Cabrera et al. 42 Rev. Mar. Cost. ISSN 1659-455X. Vol. 8 (1): 41-50, Enero-Junio 2016. Aspectos reproductivos de Chicoreus brevifrons (Lamarck, 1822) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) (1990) evalúan su biología; Miloslavich interna de la laguna hacia la zona más et al. (2007), analizando el imposex en externa de esta (Fig. 1). En cada salida gasterópodos, consideran la especie se recolectaron, por medio de buceo como propensa a este fenómeno; Galindo libre, ejemplares de C. brevifrons de (2009) hizo estudios de dimorfismo; manera aleatoria, para poder obtener D´Armas et al. (2009) determinaron la animales de todas las tallas observadas composición de ácidos grasos y Ordaz et en el medio. Estos fueron extraídos del al. (2010) investigaron los metabolitos sustrato duro (raíces de manglar) y del secundarios de la especie. Dada la sustrato fangoso, guardados en bolsas importancia económica y ecológica que previamente identificadas con la tiene esta especie por ser depredadora de estación respectiva, para su posterior ostras y otros moluscos en los cultivos traslado al laboratorio. y ambientes marinos, se evaluaron Proporción sexual: La proporción aspectos reproductivos de la especie, sexual general se obtuvo a partir de con la finalidad de aportar información muestras mensuales de la especie. Las actualizada que sirva de base para sugerir conchas de los caracoles Murícidos estrategias de manejo sustentable, así carecen de dimorfismo sexual (Naegel como considerar el potencial de cultivo & Gómez del Prado, 2004), por lo de C. brevifrons en Venezuela. que para la determinación del sexo es necesario que los individuos vengan MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS extraídos de las conchas para observar el sexo de cada uno, identificando Área de estudio y muestreo: macroscópicamente la presencia del El Parque Nacional Laguna de La pene en los machos y la ausencia de Restinga se encuentra ubicado entre este carácter en las hembras, quienes los 10° 58’ y 11° 05’ de latitud norte y presentan la cápsula de la albúmina, los 64° 01’ y 64° 17’ de longitud oeste, la glándula de la cápsula y la vagina en el istmo que une la península de (Miloslavich et al. 2007). La proporción Macanao con el sector oriental de la isla sexual, por meses y total, se analizó de Margarita, Estado Nueva Esparta. mediante la prueba de Ji-cuadrado (Zar, La laguna está separada del mar Caribe 1996) para comprobar si esta se aleja por una barra arenosa o restinga de 23 significativamente de la relación 1:1. kilómetros de largo y unos 50 metros Evaluación del desarrollo de la de ancho, y es la única unión natural postura y crecimiento inicial: Fueron entre la isla de Margarita y la península extraídas del medio algunas posturas de Macanao (Ramírez, 1996). Se para su descripción y la observación realizaron muestreos mensuales en del crecimiento inicial de los juveniles. cuatro estaciones de la laguna de La Las posturas se fotografiaron en el Restinga: El Pato, Mánamo, El Gato medio y se colocaron en recipientes y El Indio, considerando el orden de con agua para conservarlas durante estas estaciones desde la zona más el traslado al laboratorio, procurando Rev. Mar. Cost. ISSN 1659-455X. Vol. 8 (1): 41-50, Enero-Junio 2016. 43 Maldonado, Crescini, Villalba y Fuentes N VENEZUELA MAR CARIBE LA RESTINGA Fig.
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