Bruno Sabelli * E Stefano Tommasini * Introduzione
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Tyrian Purple: Its Evolution and Reinterpretation As Social Status Symbol During the Roman Empire in the West
Tyrian Purple: Its Evolution and Reinterpretation as Social Status Symbol during the Roman Empire in the West Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow and Andrew J. Koh, Advisors In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies by Mary Pons May 2016 Acknowledgments This paper truly would not have come to be without the inspiration provided by Professor Andrew Koh’s Art and Chemistry class. The curriculum for that class opened my mind to a new paradigmatic shift in my thinking, encouraging me to embrace the possibility of reinterpreting the archaeological record and the stories it contains through the lens of quantifiable scientific data. I know that I would never have had the courage to finish this project if it were not for the support of my advisor Professor Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, who never rejected my ideas as outlandish and stayed with me as I wrote and rewrote draft after draft to meet her high standards of editorial excellence. I also owe a debt of gratitude to my parents, Gary and Debbie Pons, who provided the emotional support I needed to get through my bouts of insecurity. When everything I seemed to put on the page never seemed good enough or clear enough to explain my thought process, they often reminded me to relax, sleep, walk away from it for a while, and try again another day. -
MUREX – Bolinus Brandaris
MUREX – Bolinus brandaris Généralités Connu depuis l’Antiquité, le Murex (ou Pointu) était utilisé pour la teinture des étoffes grâce à une sécrétion d’une glande qui donnait une substance à couleur violacée : la « pourpre ». Il est actuellement exploité pour la consommation de sa chair. C’est une espèce carnivore qui peut perforer les coquilles d’autres mollusques avec sa langue (appelée « radula ») pourvue de nombreux denticules. Biotope Bolinus brandaris se rencontre sur les fonds sableux ou vaseux entre 5 et 50 m de profondeur, mais est rapporté jusqu'à 200 m. Plus rarement, il peut également se rencontrer sur les fonds rocheux peu profonds. 1 Description La coquille du murex épineux, avec sa forme globulaire prolongée par un long canal siphonal légèrement recourbé vers le haut à son extrémité, rappelle celle d'une massue. Cette espèce peut atteindre 9 cm de longueur, dont la moitié pour le canal siphonal. La spire1 comprend 6 tours anguleux, chacun portant 4 à 8 épines disposées sur une même ligne, dont la taille augmente en se rapprochant de l'ouverture. Celle-ci a une forme ovale et un opercule corné, brun, aux stries concentriques, l'obstrue quand l'animal se rétracte à l'intérieur. La coquille est souvent recouverte d'épibiontes (algues vertes microscopiques, algues calcaires) masquant sa couleur beige. L'intérieur est de couleur orangée. Le pied, de couleur blanchâtre à brunâtre chiné de noir, porte 2 tentacules olfactifs. 1 Ensemble des tours de la coquille des Gastropodes Espèces ressemblantes Il existe de nombreuses espèces de murex ayant une forme similaire avec des épines soit plus réduites soit beaucoup plus longues, mais le murex épineux est le seul dans son aire de distribution. -
Mechanical Basis of Morphogenesis and Convergent Evolution of Spiny Seashells
Mechanical basis of morphogenesis and convergent evolution of spiny seashells Régis Chirata, Derek E. Moultonb,1, and Alain Gorielyb aCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5276, Université Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; and bOxford Centre for Collaborative Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, United Kingdom Edited by George Oster, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved February 22, 2013 (received for review November 26, 2012) Convergent evolution is a phenomenon whereby similar traits that is, we must ask whether the morphogenetic processes that evolved independently in not closely related species, and is often actually shape these structures make them likely to reappear. In interpreted in functional terms. Spines in mollusk seashells are this study, we focus on the mechanistic approach and the natural classically interpreted as having repeatedly evolved as a defense in mechanical process that shapes spines in mollusk shells and response to shell-crushing predators. Here we consider the mor- underlies their repeated emergence. phogenetic process that shapes these structures and underlies their Spines, like other ornamentations found in seashells, are in- repeated emergence. We develop a mathematical model for spine crementally secreted and represent the spatiotemporal record of morphogenesis based on the mechanical interaction between the the shape modifications of the shell edge during growth. Spines secreting mantle edge and the calcified shell edge to which the first emerge as a bulge of the shell edge that curves both longi- mantle adheres during shell growth. It is demonstrated that a large tudinally and transversely as growth proceeds, resulting in a fold diversity of spine structures can be accounted for through small that eventually closes in on itself as the lateral edges converge variations in control parameters of this natural mechanical process. -
The History of the Sacred Purple: the Use of Muricidae As a Dye Source
The Discovery of Purple by Theodoor van Thulden (1606-1669), painted 1636-1638, oil. The History of the Sacred Purple: The Use of Muricidae as a Dye Source By Her Ladyship Claire le Deyare Barony of Dragon’s Mist, Kingdom of An Tir [email protected] 1 Introduction When mentioning the color of purple cloth to someone in a historical context, all sorts of misconceptions come into play. Some refer to the color as royal purple, or Tyrian purple. Some people say it refers to a certain shade, rather than the whole color pallet. Others will tell you that it is the color of kings and that no one else can wear the color. All of these statements are both true, and untrue at the same time. The intent of this research paper is to help correct those misconceptions, as well as to give background and insight into what is arguably the world’s most famous and least understood dye. Historically, the word purple referred not to a particular shade of dye, but rather a family of dye colors that came from one particular type of animal, the marine snail Murex, commonly known as the rock snail (Cardon, 2007). The epicenter of their use, and where they are most famous, is the Mediterranean. But there are also other species that were historically used in China, Japan, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America (see Figure 1. Baker, 1974). Many species of molluscs in the family Muricidae are used for dye, there are now different genus names besides Murex used for the snails that were historically used for dye (Cardon, 2007). -
Shell's Field Guide C.20.1 150 FB.Pdf
1 C.20.1 Human beings have an innate connection and fascination with the ocean & wildlife, but still we know more about the moon than our Oceans. so it’s a our effort to introduce a small part of second largest phylum “Mollusca”, with illustration of about 600 species / verities Which will quit useful for those, who are passionate and involved with exploring shells. This database made from our personal collection made by us in last 15 years. Also we have introduce website “www.conchology.co.in” where one can find more introduction related to our col- lection, general knowledge of sea life & phylum “Mollusca”. Mehul D. Patel & Hiral M. Patel At.Talodh, Near Water Tank Po.Bilimora - 396321 Dist - Navsari, Gujarat, India [email protected] www.conchology.co.in 2 Table of Contents Hints to Understand illustration 4 Reference Books 5 Mollusca Classification Details 6 Hypothetical view of Gastropoda & Bivalvia 7 Habitat 8 Shell collecting tips 9 Shell Identification Plates 12 Habitat : Sea Class : Bivalvia 12 Class : Cephalopoda 30 Class : Gastropoda 31 Class : Polyplacophora 147 Class : Scaphopoda 147 Habitat : Land Class : Gastropoda 148 Habitat :Freshwater Class : Bivalvia 157 Class : Gastropoda 158 3 Hints to Understand illustration Scientific Name Author Common Name Reference Book Page Serial No. No. 5 as Details shown Average Size Species No. For Internal Ref. Habitat : Sea Image of species From personal Land collection (Not in Scale) Freshwater Page No.8 4 Reference Books Book Name Short Format Used Example Book Front Look p-Plate No.-Species Indian Seashells, by Dr.Apte p-29-16 No. -
Banded Murex and Purple Dye Murex) in the Ria Formosa Lagoon (Algarve Coast, Southern Portugal)
SCIENTIA MARINA 72(2) June 2008, 287-298, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN: 0214-8358 The artisanal fishery for muricid gastropods (banded murex and purple dye murex) in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve coast, southern Portugal) PAULO VASCONCELOS 1, SUSANA CARVALHO 1, MARGARIDA CASTRO 2 and MIGUEL B. GASPAR 1 1 Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos / IPIMAR, Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, P-8700-305 Olhão, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal. SUMMARY: The artisanal fishery for muricid gastropods in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve coast, southern Portugal) is a locally important fishing activity because the banded murex Hexaplex( trunculus) and the purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) are greatly appreciated seafoods with high commercial value in the Portuguese seafood market. An integrated study was implemented to monitor the muricid gastropod fishery with the artisanal fishing gear (“wallet-line”) through monthly experimental fishing operations carried out during one year.T he aim was to describe the fishing operations and fish- ing gear, to estimate the fishing yield, to characterise the target species catch composition, and to identify by-catch species and discards. The “wallet-line” is neither a species-specific nor a size-selective fishing gear, because the catches comprised a variety of by-catch species and a high proportion of commercially under-sized target species. The vast majority of the by-catch is discarded immediately on board, so mortality is presumably negligible. The CPUE of both target species and by-catch species decreased during consecutive fishing days, mainly due to declining bait attraction. -
Reproductive Cycle of Bolinus Brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the Gulf of Gabès (Southern Tunisia)
Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.325 Reproductive cycle of Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the Gulf of Gabès (southern Tunisia) K. ELHASNI1, P. VASCONCELOS2,3, M. GHORBEL1 and O. JARBOUI1 1 Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre de Sfax, B.P. 1035, Sfax 3018, Tunisie 2 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal 3 Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 9 November 2011; Accepted: 22 October 2012; Published on line: 20 February 2013 Abstract The reproductive cycle of the purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) from the Gulf of Gabès was studied through gonad histol- ogy and calculation of bio-physiological indices (general condition index - K and gonadosomatic index - GSI). The shell length at first sexual maturity (SL50) of B. brandaris was also investigated using a macroscopic maturation scale. The population’s sex ratio was statistically skewed (M:F = 1:1.5), with a significant dominance of females over males. Monthly variations in the maturation stages of gonads, K and GSI showed that B. brandaris has an annual reproductive cycle, a long period of gonadal activity and a slight asynchronicity between the sexes. The spawning season comprised the period between April and July, with a clear spawning peak from May to June. -
Part 5. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae
Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 5. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae R. Houart Houart, R. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 5. Mollusca, Gas• tropoda, Muricidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 70 (26), xx.xii.1996: 377-397, figs. 1-34.— ISSN 0024-0672. Roland Houart, research associate, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier, 29, B-1000 Bruxelles. Key words: Rumphius expedition; Indonesia; Ambon; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Muricidae. This report deals with the species of Muricidae collected during the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedi• tion on Ambon. At 44 stations, a total of 58 species in 23 genera of the prosobranch gastropod family Muricidae were obtained. The identity and the classification of several nominal taxa is revised. Four species are new to science and are described here: Pygmaepterys cracentis spec. nov. (Muricopsinae), Pascula ambonensis spec. nov. (Ergalataxinae), Thais hadrolineae spec. nov. and Morula rumphiusi spec, nov. (Rapaninae). Some comments are included on the Muricidae described by Rumphius and on their identification. In his "Amboinsche Rariteitkamer" (1705) 21 species of muricids were included, of which 16 were illu• strated by Rumphius or Schijnvoet. The identity of those species is determined. During the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition seven of these species have been refound. Introduction The Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition in Ambon (Moluccas, Indonesia) was held from 4 November till 14 December, 1990. The primary goal of the expedition was to collect marine invertebrates on the localities mentioned by Rumphius (1705). The general account, with a list of stations, was published by Strack (1993); it con• tains the history of the expedition and a detailed description of each station, with photographs. -
Taxonomy of Tropical West African Bivalves I. Four New Species Of
Bull. Mus. nain. Hist. nat.. Paris, 4' sér., 11, 1989, section A, n° 2 : 315-331. Taxonomy of tropical West African bivalves I. Four new species of eulamellibranchiate bivalves by Rudo VON COSEL Abstract. — New marine eulamellibranchiate bivalves from tropical West Africa are described : Lucina leloeuffi n. sp. (Lucinidae) from circalittoral muddy bottom, Anodontia subrostrata n. sp. (Lucinidae) from infralittoral sandy-muddy bottom, Solecurtus afroccidentalis n. sp. (Solecurtidae), hitherto confounded with the mediterranean 5. strigilatus, and Dosinia gabonensis n. sp. (Veneridae), hitherto confounded with the european D. exoleta. Résumé. — Description d'eulamellibranches nouveaux de l'Afrique Occidentale tropicale : Lucina leloeuffi n. sp. (Lucinidae) des fonds vaseux circalittoraux, Anodontia subrostrata n. sp. (Lucinidae) des fonds sablo-vaseux infralittoraux, Solecurtus afroccidentalis n. sp. (Solecurtidae), jusqu'ici confondu avec l'espèce méditerranéenne, S. strigilatus, et Dosinia gabonensis n. sp. (Veneridae), jusqu'ici confondue avec l'espèce européenne D. exoleta. R. VON COSEL, Marine biologist at ORSTOM, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris. The marine mollusc fauna of Tropical West Africa is in comparison with those of other tropical régions still very little known especially among the bivalves. This is illustrated by the fact that between 1950 and 1986, 24 new species of large size have been described. I have been working on the extensive collection of West African marine bivalves in the Paris Muséum originating from several marine expéditions on research vessels or fishing boats, as well as from shore collecting, in order to prépare an identification guide. Several species still could not be identified with known taxa. -
Mangroves and Mollusks Along Brazil's Mangal Coast
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal de Revistas Eletrônicas da UniEVANGÉLICA (Centro Universitário de Anápolis) Between Land and Sea: Mangroves and Mollusks along Brazil’s Mangal Coast Judith A. Carney 1 ABSTRACT Westerners have long viewed mangroves as forbidding, pestilential landscapes. While modern medicine transformed their deadly reputation, the perception lingered of an environment that was little more than a tropical wasteland. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro profoundly changed this view by drawing attention to the ecosystem as a habitat crucial to the life cycles of many species and endangered fauna yet increasingly at risk from deforestation. Conservation initiatives in the years since the Rio Summit, however, seldom recognize mangroves as a habitat that has also long supported human life. This is evident in the shell middens found along mangrove coasts and in the historical record of shellfish harvested for dietary protein. With a focus on Brazil, this article examines the shellfish that sustained Amerindians, enslaved Africans, and their descendants along the mangal coast since pre- Columbian times. The discussion contends that Brazil‟s mangrove forests cannot be separated from the history of the tropical peoples who have successively lived in and managed this ecosystem from ancient times to the present. Finally, the article concludes that a research focus on shellfish suggests broader linkages to South Atlantic history. Keywords: Mangroves; Human Habitat; Edible Shellfish; Coastal Brazil; African Diaspora; South Atlantic History. 1 Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles; [email protected] Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science • http://revistas.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/ v.5, n.3, jul.-dez. -
FAVORITE OPERCULUM by BUNNIE COOK*
VOL. XXXVI NO.7 JULY. 1988 NEW SERIES343 FAVORITE OPERCULUM By BUNNIE COOK* One of the first live shells I found in Hawaii many years ago was Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844), known then as Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker). I found it during an HMS field trip in a shallow-watertide pool. Although I was fascinatedby the lovely shell and the active animal, it was the operculum that caught my eye - a blood-red arrow dominated the shiny appendageto the foot. I guessthis is why I learned to save opercula right from the start. I was thrilled to find this shell again in April 1987 on the Hawaiian island of Maui. The operculumis still my favorite - a red arrow! Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844) from Maui Island, Hawaii. Photos: Burch [E. Alison Kay states in Hawaiian Marine Shells that' 'these nassaridsare common in sandy tide pools and shorewardon fringing reefs." It is interesting, therefore, that long-time HMS collectors Bunnie Cook only collected six, Wes Thorsson eight, and Ray McKinsey six specimens, while Keith Zeilenger, Lyman Higa, Andy Butler and Andy Adams have not collected any. Olive Schoenbergreports, however, that twenty years ago they were common at the boat landing at the Hawaiian Village Hotel in Waikiki. In this connection I wish to thank Dr. Allen Allison, Chairman of the ZoologyDepartment, Bernice P. BishopMuseum in Honoluluwho gave me permission to examine the Museum's shell collection. It has 30 sets of Nas- sarius gaudiosus from throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago all of which were collected in the 1920's and 1930's. These included one set of forty specimens Operculum of Nassarius gaudiosus showing the red arrow. -
Assemblages Gastropoda
2013 ( 5) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (5) 2013 ! " Gastropoda Assemblages ( ) *% # ' $%& # ! * $ +, ' ** . / *** $ ( ( 2013 / 8 / 11 ' 5% . 2013 / 5 / 7 0 1 2 ) 87 % & ' %() * + Assemblages %, + - %, - (/ 0 1+2 - 34 & 5 6% . - % ) : 48 - + %9 ) ) - A2011 - %2 @ 2010 - %2 - 6 6( 5 < ( . & C8C ¯ @ '+2 + '+2 '+2 ¯5 + : < E' %F& ¯+ C& - + 161 34 3 5 * + G & H + N ( 103 ) % & H M - % ) + % (113) %5 G 9 H . ( 59 ) : + 5 G 9 H A ( 70 ) %5 G 9 H M (42) % A 5 6 9 (73) % G & (104) 6% G 9 H - - +& W + V )& - ( 38%) (28) 0 – 0 )& - ( 57.5%) . (1.3%) 9 - G (2.7%) - E/ . * - 5 @ G 9 @ Y8,5 (33) )4X 9 G 9 H . + 9 42 - 4X 5 0 0 G @ (73) 5, * . )4 & G & A 6% A 6% G 9 A * + A : : . – %;= – – – # % – ; " * – %;= – > ;/? % > ! – ; " ** . > %;= – – – ( ) *** 109 ) AZ A ) )4X 6% % & Gastropoda Assemblages * + 2013 ( 5) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (5) 2013 The Specific Composition of Assemblages Gastropods And Economic Migratory Species in several Locations of the Syrian Coast Dr. Fayez Saker * Dr. Ghias Abbas ** Ali Sabha *** (Received 7 / 5 / 2013. Accepted 11 / 8 /2013 ) ABSTRACT This research deals with comparable study of the specific composition of assemblages gastropoda and migratory species in four regions of Syrian coast, which differed by substrate nature and their exposure to pollution resources and rivers estuaries, They are as fallow:The Southern Region of Lattakia, AL Bhyss and AL Moelh South of Jableh, Estuary Assin. This research was done between April 2010 and April 2011.