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Bourmaud, 2003 Museum d’Histoire Naturelle INVENTAIRE DE LA BIODIVERSITE MARINE RECIFALE A LA REUNION Chloé BOURMAUD Octobre 2003 Maître d’ouvrage : Association Parc Marin de la Réunion Maître d’œuvre : Laboratoire d’Ecologie Marine, ECOMAR Financement : Conseil Régional 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………3 PHASE I : DIAGNOSTIC ....................................................................................................... 5 I. Méthodologie ...................................................................................................................... 6 1. Scientifiques impliqués dans l’étude.............................................................................. 6 1.1. EXPERTS LOCAUX RENCONTRES................................................................... 6 1.2. EXPERTS HORS DEPARTEMENT CONTACTES ............................................. 6 2. Harmonisation des données............................................................................................ 6 2.1. LES SITES ET SECTEURS DU RECIF ................................................................ 7 2.2. LES UNITES GEOMORPHOLOGIQUES DU RECIF ......................................... 8 2.3. LE DEGRE DE VALIDITE DES ESPECES ......................................................... 8 2.4. LE NIVEAU D’ABONDANCE ............................................................................. 9 2.5. LES GROUPES TAXONOMIQUES ................................................................... 10 3. Conception d'un modèle de base de données ............................................................... 10 3.1. SAISIE DES DONNEES DANS SN-BASE......................................................... 11 3.2. IMPLEMENTATION DE LA BASE DE DONNEES BIODIVERSITE MARINE SQL .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3. STATUT JURIDIQUE ET LOCAL DES ESPECES ........................................... 12 3.3.1. Espèces réunionnaises inscrites dans les différentes conventions.................. 12 3.3.2. Espèces réunionnaises à intérêt local ............................................................. 13 3.4. EXPLOITATION DE LA DONNEE SPATIALE................................................ 14 3.4.1. Le référentiel spatial utilisé............................................................................ 14 3.4.2. Définition des polygones "unité géomorphologique" .................................... 15 3.4.3. Intégration des données et cartographie ......................................................... 15 3.4.4. Recommandations .......................................................................................... 15 II. Résultats........................................................................................................................... 16 1. Espèces marines récifales recensées à La Réunion...................................................... 16 Phanérogames........................................................................................................... 18 2. Sites explorés à La Réunion......................................................................................... 19 3. Espèces d’intérêt international présentes à La Réunion............................................... 20 4. Espèces réunionnaises d’intérêt local........................................................................... 23 III. Conclusions et perspectives de recherches............................ Erreur ! Signet non défini. PHASE 2 : ................................................................................................................................ 26 MISSION D’INVENTAIRE DES TAXONS PEU CONNUS ET DES UNITES GEOMORPHOLOGIQUES PEU OU PAS ETUDIEES......................................................... 26 FICHE ACTION 1 ........................................................................................................... 29 FICHE ACTION 2 ........................................................................................................... 30 FICHE ACTION 3 ........................................................................................................... 31 Devis détaillé.................................................................................................................... 32 Références ........................................................................................................................ 33 ANNEXE 1 ...................................................................................................................... 36 ANNEXE II...................................................................................................................... 41 ANNEXE III .................................................................................................................... 42 Phanérogame & Algues................................................................................................ 44 Eponges ........................................................................................................................ 53 Cnidaires....................................................................................................................... 56 Annelides...................................................................................................................... 67 Mollusques ................................................................................................................... 71 Crustaces .................................................................................................................... 105 Echinodermes ............................................................................................................. 110 2 Poissons...................................................................................................................... 115 Reptiles....................................................................................................................... 134 Cetaces ....................................................................................................................... 136 3 Introduction Pour répondre aux enjeux liés à la gestion de la future réserve naturelle marine de la Réunion, le laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine de l'Université de la Réunion (ECOMAR), le Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Réunion, l'Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marines (ARVAM) et le World Wildlife Fund (WWF – France) ont constitué un groupe de travail pour réaliser l'inventaire bibliographique de la biodiversité marine récifale à la Réunion. Les espèces vulnérables, menacées et/ou en danger au niveau local, national ou international ont été identifiées (Phase I : diagnostic). Cette première partie de l'étude a permis la mise en exergue de lacunes qui devront être comblées lors de futures missions d'inventaire que nous avons planifiées (Phase 2 : Missions d'inventaire). Les différentes personnes ou organismes présents à la Réunion, ayant produit des travaux sur la biodiversité marine récifale, ont été concertés. L'équipe ETIC 3 de l'Université de la Réunion (Environnement Tropical Insulaire, Technologie Information Communication, Intelligence Collective) a été intégrée à notre réflexion. Tableau 1 . Constitution du groupe de travail. Expert Institut Spécialité Chloé Bourmaud ECOMAR Coordinateur de l'étude Lucas Leclère ECOMAR Etudiant biosystématicien Sonia Ribes Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Biodiversité Raphaël Parnodeau Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Informatique Jean-Pascal Quod ARVAM Biodiversité Lionel Bigot ARVAM Coraux durs Adil Abounaïdane IREMIA - ETIC Informatique Patrice Boissier IREMIA - ETIC Informatique Gwenaëlle Pennober IREMIA - ETIC Géomatique Catherine Gabrié WWF - Marseille Statut juridique des espèces Cette étude, qui contribuera à l'élaboration d'un plan de gestion de la future réserve, fut initiée en avril 2003 et s’est terminée en octobre 2003. 4 PHASE I : DIAGNOSTIC 5 I. METHODOLOGIE 1. Scientifiques impliqués dans l’étude Les travaux recensés pour cette étude (2 articles scientifiques, 7 thèses de doctorat, 20 rapports ARVAM, un rapport universitaire, un ouvrage, les données du Museum, et quelques listes d’experts non publiées gracieusement communiquées), référencés en fin de rapport, ont été validés par les spécialistes que nous avons contactés. 1.1. Experts locaux rencontrés Les Cnidaires, les Annélides, les Mollusques, les Crustacés, les Echinodermes et les Poissons, sont des groupes zoologiques qui bénéficient d’experts locaux. Tableau 2 . Experts locaux rencontrés. Expert Institut ou société Spécialité Nicole Gravier-Bonnet ECOMAR Hydraires Odile Naïm ECOMAR Coraux durs Chantal Conand ECOMAR Echinodermes Patrick Frouin ECOMAR Annélides Pascale Chabanet ECOMAR Poissons Patrick Durville Aquarium Réunion Poissons Emmanuel Tessier CRPM Poissons Lionel Bigot ARVAM Coraux durs Sonia Ribes Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Crustacés 1.2. Experts hors département contactés Deux experts hors département ont également apporté leur contribution : Gérard Faure, spécialiste des Cnidaires, à présent à la retraite en métropole, et Claude Payri, Professeur et expert algologue à l’Université du Pacifique. Tableau 3 . Experts hors département contactés. Expert Institut Spécialité Gérard Faure Université Montpellier II Coraux durs, (retraité) Octocoralliaires Autres Hexacoralliaires Claude Payri Université du Pacifique Algues 2. Harmonisation des données La bibliographie utilisée pour cette étude, couvrant la période de 1978 à nos
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