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4 4 Sale MY Snt I"M SURVEY of RACE RELATIONS in SOUTH

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4 4 Sale MY Snt I 4 4 SalE MY SNt I"M SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1981 Editor MURIEL HORRELL Compiled by: Carole Cooper Justin George Paul Hendler Muriel Horrell Mtutuzeli Matshoba Mahlomola Skosana Barry Streek Production Editor DAVID THOMAS w SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JOHANNESBURG MARCH 1982 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sincere thanks are expressed to the Rockefeller Brothers Fund which again contributed to the costs of producing this Survey through its grant to the Race Relations Research and Library Trust, also to the Algemeen Diakonaal Bureau and the General Diakonaal Bureau of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands which made generous grants for the same purpose. Gratitude is expressed, too, to those bodies that made very welcome donations towards the Institute's research training scheme and/or to studies of urbanisation and the relocation of Africans. Some of the work of the two research trainees and of the findings of the studies mentioned are incorporated in this volume. The organisations concerned are the Church of Sweden Mission, the Evangelische Kerk in Deutschland, and the Evangelische Zentralstelle f6r Entwicklungshilfe. The writers of this Survey are much indebted to all those who contributed material, including representatives of the various churches, Members of Parliament of various parties, government and municipal and administration boards officials, university and other academic personnel, and the staff of a number of organisations working in the broad field of race relations. The Rand Daily Mail and Paul Weinberg kindly allowed the use of their pictures for the cover design. Much valued help was given by a number of members of the Institute's staff, in particular Lucy Graham, the librarian, and Angie Sibiya who did most of the typing. When a member of staff left unexpectedly towards the end of the year a friend of the Institute's, Barry Streek, generously came to the rescue and contributed the major portions of the chapters on the African homelands. Aliette Powell once more corrected the proofs with her usual care and competence, and the staff of the Natal Witness again gave the fullest co-operation. NOTE All dates mentioned refer to the year 1981 unless otherwise stated. ISBN 0 869 82 204 7 ISSN 0081 9778 Printed by THE NATAL WITNESS (PTY) LTD 244 Longmarket Street Pietermaritzburg Natal POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS: WHITES ......................... 1 ii General election ......................................... 1 President's Council and constitutional development ................ 2 Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act ............. 3 Contents N ational Party ............................................... 4 Progressive Federal Party ...................................... 7 New Republic Party ........................................... 8 Herstigte Nasionale Party ..................................... 9 National Conservative Party .................................... 10 O ther right-w ing parties ....................................... 10 COLOURED POLITICAL AFFAIRS ............................. 13 Reactions to constitutional plans and President's Council .......... 13 Labour Party ................................................ 14 O ther parties ................................................ 15 Attitudes of Coloured people .................................. 15 INDIAN POLITICAL AFFAIRS ................................. 17 The South African Indian Council .............................. 17 Political parties .............................................. 19 Future of Pageview area ...................................... 20 SA Indian Council elections ................................... 20 INDIAN AND COLOURED LOCAL GOVERNMENT .............. 22 AFRICAN POLITICAL AFFAIRS ................................ 24 Anti-Republic Festival activities ................................ 24 Exiled m ovem ents ........................................... 24 Refugees ................................................... 26 Inkatha ............................................... 26 Black Consciousness ........ .............................28 Azanian People's Organisation ................................. 29 African student activities ...................................... 30 Soweto Committee of Ten ..................................... 30 THE CH URCHES ............................................ 32 SA Council of Churches ....................................... 32 Roman Catholic Church ................................... 35 Attitudes of certain English-medium Protestant churches: Church of the Province of Southern Africa ................... 37 Methodist Church of Southern Africa ....................... 38 Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa ..................... 40 Proposed union of the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches .... 42 Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk ............................... 42 Alliance of Black Reformed Christians ........................... 45 LAY ORGANISATIONS ...................................... 47, SA Institute of Race Relations .................................. 47 Black Sash .................................................. 47 SA Bureau of Racial Affairs (SABRA) ............................ 48 Urban Foundation ........................................... 48 Women for Peaceful Change Now .............................. 49 PO PU LATIO N .............................................. 52 Population statistics .......................................... 52 Legislation .................................................. 53 Population of the African homelands ............................ 53 Vital statistics .......................................... 54 Immorality and mixed marriages ............................... 55 Race classification ........................................... 55 iv D EFEN C E .................................................. 57 Covert and overt action in SA's defence: Mozambique National Resistance Movement ................ 57 Contents National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) 58 Lesotho Liberation Army ................................. 58 Expenditure on Defence ...................................... 58 Defence personnel ........................................... 59 Equipm ent and arm s ......................................... 60 Marine Traffic Act, No2of 1981 ................................ 61 A rm s em bargo .............................................. 62 JUSTICE, POLICE, AND PRISONS ............................. 64 justice ........................................ ... 64 Criminal statistics and comment on crime ....................... 64 Crime in densely populated areas .............................. 64 M akgotla vigilante groups ..................................... 65 Capital punishm ent .......................................... 66 Hoexter Commission of Inquiry ................................ 67 Po lice ..................................................... 70 G eneral .................................................... 70 Personnel ................................................... 70 C o nd uct .................................................... 71 Legislation: Police Amendment Act, No47of 1981 ...................... 72 SA Transport Services Act, No 65 of 1981 .................... 72 Convictions of policemen ..................................... 73 Priso ns .................................................... 73 Expenditure ................................................. 73 Personnel ................................................... 73 Prison population and conditions of imprisonment ................ 74 ADMINISTRATION OF SECURITY LEGISLATION ................ 77 G eneral .................................................... 77 Left-w ing political violence .................................... 78 Right-w ing political violence .................................. 78 Security police and national intelligence service .................. 79 Security trials ............................................... 8 1 Detentions in 1981: G eneral ................................................ 84 Deaths in detention ...................................... 84 Students, pupils, teachers, and lecturers .................... 86 M ino rs ................................................. 8 7 Journalists .............................................. 88 Trade unionists and labourers ............................. 88 Leaders ................................................ 89 C hurchm en ............................................ 89 H om elands ............................................. 90 Bannings: Banning orders issued .................................... 90 Banning orders: contraventions ............................. 91 Banning of gatherings .................................... 92 Travel docum ents .......... ............................ 93 CONTROL OF THE MEDIA ................................... 95 Statistics on the control of publications .......................... 95. Ad hoc publications committees ............................... 96 Political committee ...................................... 96 Committee of experts on the merits of publications ................ 97 Other considerations taken into account by the Appeal Board ....... 97 Commission of Inquiry into the Mass Media ...................... 98 v Suppression of Post Transvaal and Weekend Post ................. 98 SA Broadcasting Corporation .................................. 98 ECONOMIC SITUATION .................................... 102 Contents G eneral situation ...........................................
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