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Issue 2 (12), 2018 OSCE RUSSIA CONFLICT SECURITY SECURITY CONFLICT ITALY AGGRESSION INTERESTS UKRAINE TREATIES AGGRESSION POLITICAL CRISIS MEMORANDUM TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY PRINCIPLES OBLIGATIONS HELSINKI INTEREST MEMORANDUM UKRAINE PRINCIPLES OSCE TREATIES BUDAPEST EXPECTATIONS TREATIES SOVEREIGNTY UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (12), 2018 AGREEMENT • INTERNATIONAL LAW • HELSINKI PRINCIPLES • STATE SOVEREIGNITY 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 2 (12), 2018 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict Helsinki Principles Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Director of the Diplomatic Academy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Dr. Hanna Shelest University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Amb., Dr. Sergey Minasyan (Armenia, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Romania) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural (Germany, Director of the Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International Marcel Rothig Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, and the Black Sea Trust. James Nixey (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the UA: Ukraine Analytica Royal Institute of International Affairs) analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, State Secretary, is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ministry of Defence) students interested in the international relations and Ukraine in particular. Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Contacts: France) website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Director Defence Transformation at The Hague ukraineanalytica Center for Strategic Studies) Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, Vice- The views and opinions expressed in Prime Minister on European and Euroatlantic articles are those of the authors and do not Integration of Ukraine) Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. the Center for International and European Studies, Kadir Has University (Turkey)) ISSN 2518-7481 500 copies Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Research Director at the Norwegian Nobel Institute) UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (12), 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LASTING SECURITY IS NOT FOR “GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENTS” 3 Interview with Amb. Ihor Prokopchuk, Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the International Organizations in Vienna THE HELSINKI WORLD ORDER: WHAT’S LEFT? 6 Mykola Kapitonenko THE SPIRIT OF HELSINKI IN THE XXI CENTURY 13 Kira Spyrydonova LITIGATING WAR: UKRAINE’S QUEST FOR JUSTICE AT THE “WORLD COURT” 20 Mykola Gnatovskyy RUSSIA’S AGGRESSION AGAIST UKRAINE AS A DESTABILIZING FACTOR FOR NON-PROLIFERATION REGIMES 27 Ihor Lossovskyi POLICY VERSUS POLITICS WITHIN ITALY’S OSCE CHAIRMANSHIP IN 2018 38 Victoria Vdovychenko 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (12), 2018 POLICY VERSUS POLITICS WITHIN ITALY’S OSCE CHAIRMANSHIP IN 2018 Dr. Victoria Vdovychenko Kyiv Borys Grinchenko University The paper presents a study of Italy’s OSCE Chairmanship in 2018, in particular how Italy is trying to navigate its OSCE priorities while complying with its own political interests. In 2018, Italy received a chance to check whether it can play the role of a mediator in the dialogue between the West and the East. The focus of the article is within a comparative analysis between the Mediterranean region and Ukraine, prioritized in Italy’s agenda for 2018. What is interesting here is how much the statements about maintaining peace and security in Europe could have been and are realized given that some of the OSCE participating countries – Italy and the Russian Federation – were in preparation for elections in 2018. OSCE: In Search of Arguments in the early 1990s, it remained unique due to In a world where growing dangers affect its central component as indicated in the Europe, security is becoming the touchstone Helsinkithe fact that Final prevention Act. The of Helsinki conflicts principles remained of a debate. The future of the OSCE, as a pan- presented a certain compromise between European organization aiming to achieve the Western and Eastern interests at the lasting peace, prosperity, and stability in time, having its raison d’être in serving as a Europe, remains questionable given the new dialogue platform between them during the challenges. Cold War. Moreover, still in 1975 the Final Act was pivotal for principles promoting The need to build bridges united countries security in Europe, being “motivated by the in 1975, when in the format of “conference political will, in the interest of peoples, to diplomacy” the countries wanted to overcome improve and intensify their relations and the Cold War impact and renew a peaceful to contribute in Europe to peace, security, coexistence of the West and the East. The justice and cooperation”.1 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe proved to serve as a peaceful platform As a rule, the priorities of OSCE Chairmanship when war was a real “can-do” option, in concern the dimensions or “baskets” of addition to the concentration of nuclear the Helsinki Process: political and security, weapons as well as other conventional arms. and environmental protection. At the same Transformed into the Organization for time,economic we andhave scientific, to acknowledge human dimensionthat the Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) “security concept” nowadays sees a spectrum 1 Helsinki Final Act, OSCE, p. 2 [https://www.osce.org/helsinki-final-act?download=true]. 38 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (12), 2018 wider than an absence of military threats to states or regimes, also involving such issues as human rights, democracy, and In 2018, Italy received a chance protection of national or other minorities as to check whether it can play the 2 «role of a mediator in the dialogue contributions to human and societal security. Therefore, through their lenses, the ten between the West and the East Final Act principles recognized the universal freedoms as a precondition for security and agenda implementation. Angelino Alfano significance of human rights and fundamental had informed that he would not run for the inviolability of borders and territorial integrity cabinet and it meant in political terms that ofpeace. states. Moreover, Being accountable they served to tocitizens confirm for the during Italy’s Chairmanship it has faced respect of its norms, the OSCE was proclaimed a “regional organization” in the sense of the UN Charter. In reality, it means that the OSCE Enzochairman-in-office Moavero Milanesi rotation. was appointed has a unique mandate for numerous peace Italy’s foreign minister after a new “yellow- activities and security protection in Europe. green” government was formed following In such a capacity, the OSCE is being viewed the 04 March elections.5 However, it is still addressed” in order to prevent and settle the disputesas the regionalin Europe organization as determined to bybe Article “first immensedifficult to work evaluate of his his ministry. steps as a Chairman- 53 of the UN Charter.3 in-office due to the shortness of time and Italian slogan for the OSCE 2018 Italy’s OSCE Chairmanship at a Glance Chairmanship is three key words – “dialogue, participation, responsibility”. As Ambassador Italy was approved for the OSCE’s rotating of Italy to the OSCE Alessandro Azzoni says, Chairmanship in 2018, supported by the “The OSCE is a kind of theatre. Italy forms the “OSCE Troika” represented by Austria 6 (2017) and Slovakia (2019).4 The functions It means that the priorities presented on the stage,security but scene the participating will address states numerous [act on] issues it”. performed by the Minister of Foreign and search for solutions to various challenges Affairsof the andOSCE Internationalchairperson-in-office Cooperation, are namely Angelino Alfano until 01 June 2018. Nagorny Karabakh, Georgia, Transnistria, However, the country had elections, which and Ukraine.long-standing However, conflicts, how thein particular OSCE various for: had an impact on the OSCE Chairmanship regional actors should effectively interact 2 B. Moller, European Security: The Role of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Working Paper 3 B.30, Moller, Regional European and Global Security: Axes ofThe Conflict, Role of February the Organisation 2008, p. for16 Security[http://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/ and Co-operation in Europe, Working Paper Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp30.2-european-security-and-the-osce.pdf]. 30, Regional and Global Axes of Conflict, February 2008, p. 5 [http://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/ 4 Italy’s 2018 OSCE Chairmanship: Priorities and Programme, OSCE Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp30.2-european-security-and-the-osce.pdf]. 5 Italy’s 2018 OSCE Chairmanship, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation [https://www.esteri.it/ [https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/priorities-2018]. 6 M. Pugliese, L’Italia ha assunto la presidenza