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2019 Government Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors for Company Reporting Methodology Paper for Emission Factors Final Report

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2019 Government Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors for Company Reporting Methodology Paper for Emission Factors Final Report 2019 Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting Methodology paper for emission factors Final report August 2019 © Crown copyright 2019 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to [email protected]. This document has been produced by Nikolas Hill, Eirini Karagianni, Luke Jones, Joanne MacCarthy, Eugenia Bonifazi, Sam Hinton, Charles Walker (Ricardo Energy & Environment) and Billy Harris (WRAP) for the Department for Business Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). 2 2019 Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting: Methodology paper Contents 1. General Introduction ......................................................................................................... 11 Overview of changes since the previous update ................................................................. 12 2. Fuel Emission Factors ...................................................................................................... 13 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 13 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 13 Direct Emissions ................................................................................................................. 14 Indirect/WTT Emissions from Fuels .................................................................................... 15 3. UK Electricity, Heat and Steam Emission Factors ............................................................ 20 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 20 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 20 Direct Emissions from UK Grid Electricity ........................................................................... 21 Indirect/WTT Emissions from UK Grid Electricity ................................................................ 29 Emission Factors for the Supply of Purchased Heat or Steam ........................................... 32 Summary of Method 1: 1/3: 2/3 Method (DUKES) .............................................................. 33 Calculation of CO2 Emissions Factor for CHP Fuel Input, FuelMixCO2factor ..................... 33 Calculation of Non-CO2 and Indirect/WTT Emissions Factor for Heat and Steam .............. 36 4. Refrigerant and Process Emission Factors ....................................................................... 37 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 37 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 37 Global Warming Potentials of Greenhouse Gases ............................................................. 37 Greenhouse Gases Listed in the Kyoto Protocol ................................................................ 37 Other Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................... 37 5. Passenger Land Transport Emission Factors ................................................................... 38 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 38 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 38 Direct Emissions from Passenger Cars .............................................................................. 39 Emission Factors for Petrol and Diesel Passenger Cars by Engine Size............................ 39 Hybrid, LPG and CNG Passenger Cars .............................................................................. 44 Plug-in Hybrid Electric and Battery Electric Passenger Cars (xEVs) .................................. 45 Data inputs, sources and key assumptions ......................................................................... 46 Emission Factors by Passenger Car Market Segments ...................................................... 51 Direct Emissions from Taxis ............................................................................................... 53 3 2019 Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting: Methodology paper Direct Emissions from Vans/Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) ................................................. 54 Plug-in Hybrid Electric and Battery Electric Vans (xEVs) .................................................... 55 Direct Emissions from Buses .............................................................................................. 57 Direct Emissions from Motorcycles ..................................................................................... 59 Direct Emissions from Passenger Rail ................................................................................ 60 International Rail (Eurostar) ................................................................................................ 61 National Rail ....................................................................................................................... 61 Light Rail ............................................................................................................................. 61 London Underground .......................................................................................................... 63 Indirect/WTT Emissions from Passenger Land Transport ................................................... 63 Cars, Vans, Motorcycles, Taxis, Buses and Ferries............................................................ 63 Rail ...................................................................................................................................... 63 6. Freight Land Transport Emission Factors ......................................................................... 64 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 64 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 64 Direct Emissions from Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) ....................................................... 64 Direct Emissions from Vans/Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) ................................................. 67 Direct Emissions from Rail Freight ...................................................................................... 69 Indirect/WTT Emissions from Freight Land Transport......................................................... 69 Vans and HGVs .................................................................................................................. 69 Rail ...................................................................................................................................... 69 7. Sea Transport Emission Factors ....................................................................................... 70 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 70 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 70 Direct Emissions from RoPax Ferry Passenger Transport and ........................................... 70 freight .................................................................................................................................. 70 Direct Emissions from Other Marine Freight Transport ....................................................... 72 Indirect/WTT Emissions from Sea Transport ...................................................................... 72 8. Air Transport Emission Factors ......................................................................................... 73 Section summary ................................................................................................................ 73 Summary of changes since the previous update ................................................................ 73 Passenger Air Transport Direct CO2 Emission Factors ....................................................... 73 Allocating flights into short- and long-haul: ......................................................................... 76 Taking Account of Freight ................................................................................................... 77 Taking Account of Seating Class Factors ........................................................................... 79 4 2019 Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting: Methodology paper Freight Air Transport Direct CO2 Emission Factors ............................................................. 80 Emission Factors for Dedicated Air Cargo Services ........................................................... 80 Emission Factors for Freight on Passenger Services ......................................................... 82 Average Emission Factors for All Air Freight Services .......................................................
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